History & Biography
Storia, Storici E Biografie Varie · 3,273 articles · Principal contributors · All subjects-
Marozia
MAROZIA. - Born in 892 in Rome to Theophylact, vestararius pontificio and magister militum, and to Theodora, a woman of great authority.… -
Marracci, Lodovico
MARRACCI, LODOVICO. - Orientalist and theologian, b. at Torcigliano di Camaiore (Lucca) on 6 Oct. 1612, d. at Rome on 5 Feb. 1700. He… -
Marshall, Thomas William
MARSHALL, THOMAS WILLIAM. - Catholic controversialist, b. 19 June 1818 at Greenwich, d. 14 Dec. 1877 at Surbiton (Surrey). An Anglican, he… -
Martial of Saint John the Baptist (MARZIALE DI SAN GIOVANNI BATTISTA)
MARTIAL OF SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST. - French Discalced Carmelite bibliographer, in the world Jean Lacombe, b. ca. 1666 at Tulle, d. 1 June… -
Martin de Azpilcueta (Navarrus) (MARTINO DE AZPILCUETA (NAVARRUS))
MARTIN DE AZPILCUETA (Navarrus). - Moral theologian and canonist, b. 13 May 1492 and called "Navarro" from his place of origin (Barasoain,… -
Martinelli, Giorgio Maria
MARTINELLI, GIORGIO MARIA. - Founder of the Oblates Missionaries of Rho (diocese of Milan), b. at Brusimpiano on 9 May 1655, d. at Rho on 2… -
Martinengo, Domenico
MARTINENGO, DOMENICO. - Missionary of St. Vincent, b. at Savona on 17 Dec. 1816, d. there on 1 Oct. 1875. He entered the Congregation of… -
Martin I, King of Aragon and Sicily (MARTINO I, RE D'ARAGONA E DI SICILIA)
MARTIN I, King of Aragon and Sicily. - Last Aragonese king of the Catalan dynasty, called the Humane, b. at Gerona in 1356 to King Peter IV… -
Martin, Konrad
MARTIN, KONRAD. - Bishop, b. 18 May 1812 at Geismar (Eichsfeld), d. 16 July 1879 at Mont-St-Guibert (Belgium). Appointed bishop of… -
Martin of Aragon, King of Sicily (MARTINO D'ARAGONA, RE DI SICILIA)
MARTIN OF ARAGON, King of Sicily. - Called "the Younger" to distinguish him from his father Martin I, king of Aragon and Sicily. Born in… -
Martin of Fano (MARTINO DA FANO)
MARTIN OF FANO. - Jurist, born in Fano around 1190 to the noble Del Cassero family, also mentioned by Dante (Inf., XXVIII, 77; Purg., V,… -
Martin of Troppau (Oppaviensis) (MARTINO DI TROPPAU (OPPAVIENSIS))
MARTIN OF TROPPAU (Oppaviensis). - Dominican chronicler, also improperly called M. Polono, perhaps because he belonged to the Polish… -
Martino Gosia
MARTINO GOSIA. - Bolognese jurist (12th century), of the noble Gosi family, which distinguished itself for four generations in the study… -
Marucelli, Francesco
MARUCELLI, FRANCESCO. - Florentine scholar and bibliophile, b. March 1, 1625, d. in Rome on July 26, 1703. From the age of twenty-three he… -
Marx, Wilhelm
MARX, WILHELM. - German politician, b. in Cologne on 15 Jan. 1863, d. in Bonn on 5 Aug. 1946. A member of the Prussian diet in 1899 and of… -
Mary of Lorraine, Queen of Scotland (MARIA DI LORENA, REGINA DI SCOZIA)
MARY OF LORRAINE, Queen of Scotland. - B. at Bar on 22 Nov. 1515, d. at Edinburgh on 10 June 1560. Daughter of Claude of Guise, in 1538 she… -
Mary Stuart (Stuarta), Queen of Scotland (MARIA STUART (STUARDA), REGINA DI SCOZIA)
MARY STUART (Stuarta), Queen of Scotland. - B. 8 Dec. 1542 in Linlithgow Castle; daughter of James V, king of Scotland, and of Mary of… -
Mary The Catholic, Queen Of England (MARIA LA CATTOLICA, REGINA D'INCHILTERRA)
MARY THE CATHOLIC, Queen Of England. - Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon; b. at Greenwich on 19 Feb. 1516, d. in London on 17… -
Marzagaglia, Gaetano
MARZAGAGLIA, GAETANO. - Priest, b. at Chiampo Vicentino on 8 August 1716, d. at Verona on 1 July 1787. For several years he taught geometry… -
Massarelli, Angelo
MASSARELLI, ANGELO. - Bishop, b. at Sanseverino-Marche in 1510, d. at Rome on 17 July 1566. Having earned a degree in both laws, he entered… -
Massillon, Jean-Baptiste
MASSILLON, JEAN-BAPTISTE. - Son of a notary, born at Hyères in Provence on 24 June 1663, died at Beauregard on 18 Sept. 1742. He entered… -
Massoulié, Antoine (MASSOULIÈ, ANTOINE)
MASSOULIÉ, ANTOINE. - Dominican theologian, b. at Toulouse on 28 Oct. 1632, d. at Rome on 23 Jan. 1706. A religious in his native city… -
Mastai Ferretti, Gabriele
MASTAI FERRETTI, GABRIELE. - Born at Senigallia on 31 May 1781, died there on 13 July 1869. The firstborn of the four sons of Count… -
Mastai Ferretti, Luigi
MASTAI FERRETTI, LUIGI. - Born at Senigallia on 23 July 1814, died at S. Benedetto del Tronto on 8 January 1877. Firstborn son of Gabriele… -
Mathew, Theobald
MATHEW, THEOBALD. - Capuchin, social reformer, b. in Ireland at Thomastown Castle (Cashel) on 10 Oct. 1790, d. at Queenstown, on 8 Dec.… -
Mathieu, Adrien-Jacques-Marie-Césaire
MATHIEU, ADRIEN-JACQUES-MARIE-CÉSAIRE. - Cardinal, b. in Paris on 20 Jan. 1796, d. in Besançon on 9 July 1875. Bishop of Langres in 1833,… -
Matilda of Canossa (MATILDE DI CANOSSA)
MATILDA OF CANOSSA. - In the great struggle between the Papacy and the Empire in the 11th century, the feminine element is represented in… -
Mattei, Alessandro
MATTEI, ALESSANDRO. - Cardinal, born in Rome on 20 February 1744. He was elected archbishop of Ferrara by Pius VI (1777) and cardinal in… -
Matthew, Bishop of Albano (MATTEO, VESCOVO DI ALBANO)
MATTHEW, Bishop of Albano. - Cardinal, b. at Laon ca. 1085, d. at Pisa on 28 Dec. 1134. First a Cistercian at St-Martin-des-Champs in… -
Matthew of Kraków (MATTEO DI CRACOVIA)
MATTHEW OF KRAKÓW. - Theologian and bishop, b. at Cracow around 1335, d. at Pisa on 5 March 1410. At the University of Prague he became… -
Matthew of Ubba (Edessa) (MATTEO D'UBFA (EDESSA))
MATTHEW OF UBBA (EDESSA). - Armenian historian of the 12th century, author of a Chronicle or Annals, in which historical events from 952 to… -
Matthew, Tobie
MATTHEW, TOBIE. - English priest, b. at Salisbury on 3 Oct. 1577, d. at Ghent on 13 Oct. 1655. Of an Anglican family (his father was… -
Matthias of Habsburg, Emperor (MATTIA D'ASBURGO, IMPERATORE)
MATTHIAS OF HABSBURG, Emperor. - B. 24 Feb. 1557 in Vienna, d. 20 May 1619. Son of Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain, he was the… -
Maurice, Count of Nassau (MAURIZIO CONTE DI NASSAU)
MAURICE, Count of Nassau. - Prince of Orange (on the death of his brother in 1618), hereditary stadtholder of the provinces of Holland and… -
Maurice, Duke and Elector of Saxony (MAURIZIO, DUCA ED ELETTORE DI SASSONIA)
MAURICE, Duke and Elector of Saxony. - Born at Freiberg on 21 March 1521. He belonged to the ducal (Albertine) branch of the Wettins and… -
Maurogordato, Alessandro
MAUROGORDATO, ALESSANDRO. - Called l'Exaporto, b. 7 Nov. 1641 in Constantinople, d. there 23 Dec. 1709. He pursued his studies first at the… -
Maury, Jean-Siffrein
MAURY, JEAN-SIFFREIN. - Cardinal, b. at Valréas (Avignon) on 26 June 1746, d. at Rome on 11 May 1817. A member of the Académie de France… -
Maxentius (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius), Roman Emperor (MASSENZIO (MARCUS AURELIUS VALERIUS MAXENTIUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
MAXENTIUS (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius), Roman Emperor. - He reigned from 28 Oct. 306 to 28 Oct. 312. Son of Maximian, when the… -
Maximian (M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus), Roman Emperor (MASSIMIANO (M. AURELIUS VALERIUS MAXIMIANUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
MAXIMIAN (M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus), Roman Emperor. - Born of humble origins in Pannonia, a soldier in one of the periods of the… -
Maximilian II of Habsburg, Emperor (MASSIMILIANO II D'ASBURGO, IMPERATORE)
MAXIMILIAN II OF HABSBURG, EMPEROR. - Son of Ferdinand I, brother of Charles V, and of Anna Jagiellon, b. in Vienna in 1527. He spent many… -
Maximilian of Habsburg, Archduke of Austria (MASSIMILIANO D'ASBURGO, ARCIDUCA D'AUSTRIA)
MASSIMILIANO d'ASBURGO, archduke of AUSTRIA - M. with the imperial insignia - Mexico, Museum. Duchesne, Faites épiscopaux de l'ancienne… -
Maximinus Daia (Galerius Valerius Maximinus Daia), Roman Emperor (MASSIMINO DAIA (GALERIUS VALERIUS MAXIMINUS DAIA), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
MAXIMINUS DAIA (Galerius Valerius Maximinus Daia), Roman Emperor. - Son of a sister of Galerius (v.), born in Illyricum, he was protected… -
Maximinus the Thracian, Roman Emperor (MASSIMINO IL TRACE, IMPERATORE ROMANO)
MASSIMINO il Trace, ROMAN EMPEROR - Bust - Rome, Capitoline Museum. therefore to march on Rome, but at Aquileia he was killed by his own… -
Maximus III Mazlom (MASSIMO III MAZLOM)
MAXIMUS III MAZLOM. - Melkite Catholic Patriarch of Antioch from 1833 to 1855. Born in Aleppo in Nov. 1779, died in Alexandria on 11 July… -
Maximus (Magnus Maximus), Roman Emperor (MASSIMO (MAGNUS MAXIMUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
MAXIMUS (Magnus Maximus), Roman Emperor. - Born of a humble Spanish family, he enlisted in the army and was appointed by Gratian to the… -
Maximus, Patriarch of Antioch (MASSIMO, PATRIARCA DI ANTIOCHIA)
MAXIMUS, Patriarch of Antioch. - Already a deacon of the Church of Antioch and zealous for orthodox doctrine, he broke communion with the… -
Maxwell, James Clerk (MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK)
MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. - Scientist, b. in Edinburgh on 13 June 1831, d. in Cambridge on 5 Nov. 1879. He completed his studies in physics at… -
Mayr, Beda
MAYR, BEDA. - Benedictine theologian, b. at Daiting (Bavaria) on 15 Jan. 1742, d. at Donauwörth on 4 Apr. 1794. Professor, librarian and… -
Mazarino, Giulio (MAZZARINO, GIULIO)
MAZARINO, GIULIO. - Cardinal, first minister of France, b. at Pescina (L'Aquila) on 14 July 1602, d. at Paris on 9 March 1661. His father,… -
Mazenod, Charles-Joseph-Eugène de
MAZENOD, CHARLES-JOSEPH-EUGÈNE de. - Founder of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, b. at Aix-en-Provence on 1 Aug. 1782 into a noble family,… -
Mazio, Raffaele
MAZIO, RAFFAELE. - Born in Rome on 24 Oct. 1765, died there on 4 Feb. 1832. From his earliest studies he showed choice gifts of intellect… -
Mazza, Nicola
MAZZA, NICOLA. - Founder of pious institutes in Verona, born there on 10 March 1790 and died on 2 August 1865. From the earliest years of… -
Mazzella, Camillo
MAZZELLA, CAMILLO. - Jesuit, theologian and cardinal, b. at Vitulano (Benevento) on 10 Feb. 1833, d. at Rome on 26 May 1900. He studied at… -
Mazzini, Giuseppe
MAZZINI, GIUSEPPE. - I. VITA. - Born in Genoa on 22 June 1805, died in Pisa on 10 March 1872, son of Giacomo, professor of medical… -
Mazzocchi, Lorenzo
MAZZOCCHI, LORENZO. - Servite, theologian, b. at Castelfranco Veneto in 1490, d. there on 8 Sept. 1560. A doctor of the Sorbonne, apostolic… -
Mazzolini, Silvestro (Prierias)
MAZZOLINI, SILVESTRO (PRIERIAS). - Dominican theologian, b. at Priero (Cuneo) in 1456, d. at Rome in 1527. He became a religious at Genoa… -
Mechitar (called Gosh, "Imberbe") of Cantzag (MECHITAR (DETTO GOSH, «IMBERBE») DI CANTZAG)
MECHITAR (called Gosh, "Imberbe") of Cantzag. - Armenian priest of the 12th century, d. in 1213; founder of the religious community of… -
Mechitar Kṇnetzi (MECHITAR KŇNETZI)
MECHITAR KṆNETZI. - Armenian Katholikos (1341-55), famous for the clarifications he offered in refutation of the famous Libellus of the… -
Medici, Family (MEDICI, FAMIGLIA)
MEDICI, FAMILY. - Enriched by commerce and banking, the M.[Medici] acquired, in the 15th century in Florence, political supremacy, in the… -
Medici, Lorenzo de', called Il Magnifico (MEDICI, LORENZO DE', DETTO IL MAGNIFICO)
MEDICI, Lorenzo de', called Il Magnifico. - Born in Florence on 1 January 1449, died at Careggi (Florence) on 8 April 1492. Still very… -
Medici, Lorenzo de', detto Lorenzino
MEDICI, LORENZO de', detto LORENZINO. - B. in Florence on 23 March 1514, d. in Venice on 26 Feb. 1548. He is the tyrannicide, the killer of… -
Medina, Miguel
MEDINA, MIGUEL. - Franciscan theologian, b. at Belalcazar (Cordova) in 1489, d. at Toledo on 1 May 1578. He studied and then taught Sacred… -
Medvjedev, Silvestro
MEDVJEDEV, SILVESTRO. - Born at Kurk on 27 January 1641, died on 11 February 1691. The son of clerks, he too found a post in Moscow, where… -
Meister, Alois
MEISTER, ALOIS. - German Catholic historian, b. 7 Dec. 1866 in Frankfurt am Main, d. 28 Jan. 1925 in Münster. He studied at the University… -
Melania the Elder (MELANIA SENIORE)
MELANIA THE ELDER. - Roman noble matron of Spanish origin, b. in Rome in 349-50, d. in Jerusalem on June 8, 410. She married the… -
Melchers, Paulus
MELCHERS, PAULUS. - Cardinal, b. Jan. 6, 1813 in Münster, d. Dec. 14, 1895 in Rome. He had Döllinger as his teacher of theology. Ordained a… -
Meletios the Younger (MELETIOS GIUNIORE)
MELETIOS THE YOUNGER. - Wandering monk, b. at Mutalasca in Cappadocia ca. 1035, d. abbot of Symbolon in 1105. Venerated as a "saint" for… -
Melun, Armand de
MELUN, ARMAND de. - Viscount, one of the greatest organizers in France of the charitable works of the last century, a precursor of… -
Melzi d'Eril, Camillo
MELZI D'ERIL, CAMILLO. - Barnabite, meteorologist and seismologist, of the Milanese ducal family of the M. d'E., b. at Pisa on 6 Jan. 1851,… -
Mendeleev (Mendeléeff), Dmitri Ivanovich (MENDELEEW (MENDELÉJEFF), DIMITRI IVANOVIĆ)
MENDELEEV (Mendeléeff), Dmitri Ivanovich. - Chemist, b. at Tobolsk (Russia) on 7 February 1834, d. at St. Petersburg on 2 February 1907.… -
Mennon, Bishop of Ephesus (MENNONE, VESCOVO DI EFESO)
MENNON, Bishop of Ephesus. - He lived between the end of the 4th century and the first half of the 5th century; he was already bishop of… -
Mensing (Mensinck), Johann
MENSING (MENSINCK), JOHANN. - Dominican theologian, b. probably at Magdeburg, d. at Halberstadt in 1540. A religious in 1495, between the… -
Mensurius, Bishop of Carthage (MENSURIO, VESCOVO DI CARTAGINE)
MENSURIUS, BISHOP OF CARTHAGE. - He governed his Church during the difficult years from the Diocletianic persecution (303) to the… -
Mermillod, Gaspard
MERMILLOD, GASPARD. - Cardinal, b. at Carouge (diocese of Geneva) on 22 Sept. 1824, d. at Rome on 23 Feb. 1892. Ordained a priest in 1847,… -
Merneptah (« The Beloved of Ptah ») (MERNEPTAH (« L'AMATO DA PTAH »))
MERNEPTAH (« The Beloved of Ptah »). - Pharaoh of the XIX dynasty, also known as Meneptah or Mineptah, son and successor of Ramesses… -
Merodach-Baladan II (Babylonian Marduk-apal-iddina « Marduk has given me a son [firstborn] and heir ») (MERODACH-BALADAN II (BABIL. MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA « MARDUK A ME DIEDE UN FIGLIO [PRIMOGENITO ED] EREDE »))
MERODACH-BALADAN II (Babylonian Marduk-apal-iddina "Marduk gave me a son [firstborn and] heir"). - King of Babylon, b. before 755 and d.… -
Merode, Frédéric-François-Xavier de
MERODE, FRÉDÉRIC-FRANÇOIS-XAVIER de. - Prelate and statesman, b. in Brussels on 20 March 1820, d. in Rome on 10 July 1874. Of a most noble… -
Merovingians (MEROVINGI)
MEROVINGIANS. - I. HISTORY. - Dynasty that ruled the Franks from the 5th to the 8th century. Of the tribe of the Salian Franks, after… -
Merry del Val, Rafael
MERRY DEL VAL, RAFAEL. - Cardinal of a Spanish family, b. in London on 10 Oct. 1865, d. in Rome on 26 Feb. 1930. He completed his early… -
Merswin, Rulman
MERSWIN, RULMAN. - Banker who exercised an ascetic influence, b. in Strasbourg in 1307, d. there in 1382. Tauler's preaching filled him… -
Mertel, Teodolfo
MERTEL, TEODOLFO. - Cardinal, b. at Allumiere (Lazio) on 6 Feb. 1806, d. there on 9 July 1899. Having earned a degree in jurisprudence in… -
Mesarites, Giovanni and Nicolaos (MESARITES, GIOVANNI E NICOLAO)
MESARITES, GIOVANNI AND NICOLAOS. - These two brothers distinguished themselves in the religious controversies at the time of the Latin… -
Meslier, Jean
MESLIER, JEAN. - Neither the precise year of his birth nor that of his death is known, but he certainly lived between 1664 and 1733. Curate… -
Mesopotamia
MESOPOTAMIA. - Region comprised between the mountains (Kafiari) of Armenia in the north, the Zagros in the east, and the Syro-Arabian… -
Metochites, Giorgio
METOCHITES, GIORGIO. - Byzantine writer, defender of the union of the Second Council of Lyons (1274), ambassador of his emperor Michael… -
Metrophanes of Smyrna (METROFANE DI SMIRNE)
METROPHANES OF SMYRNA. - He already occupied this see in 857, at the time of the deposition of the patriarch of Constantinople St.… -
Metternich, Klemens Lothar Wenzel, Prince of (METTERNICH, KLEMENS LOTHAR WENZEL, PRINCIPE DI)
METTERNICH, Klemens Lothar Wenzel, Prince of. - Statesman, b. at Koblenz on 15 May 1773, d. at Vienna on 11 June 1859. He studied at the… -
Meyerson, Émile (MEYERSON, EMILE)
MEYERSON, Émile. - Polish thinker, b. in Lublin in 1859, d. in Paris on 4 Dec. 1933. He carried out all his activity in France, devoted to… -
Mezières de Philippe
MEZIÈRES de PHILIPPE. - B. around 1326 in the castle of the same name, d. May 29, 1405. Wholly seized by the ardor of the Crusade, which he… -
Mezzabarba, Carlo Ambrogio
MEZZABARBA, CARLO AMBROGIO. - Patriarch of Alexandria, legate in China and cardinal, b. ca. 1685 at Pavia of a noble family, d. at Lodi on… -
Mezzofanti, Giuseppe
MEZZOFANTI, GIUSEPPE. - Cardinal and distinguished polyglot, b. in Bologna on Sept. 19, 1774, d. in Rome on March 15, 1849. Ordained a… -
Micara, Ludovico
MICARA, LUDOVICO. - Cardinal, b. at Frascati on 12 Oct. 1775, d. at Rome on 24 May 1847. Having entered the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin… -
Michael Acominatus (MICHELE ACOMINATO)
MICHAEL ACOMINATUS. - Metropolitan of Athens between 1175 and 1222, b. at Chonia (ancient Choni, and for this reason also called Choniates)… -
Michael Attaleiates (MICHELE, ATTALEIATE)
MICHAEL ATTALEIATES. - N. ad Attalia (Panfilia), impiegato superiore a Costantinopoli sotto l'imperatore Costantino Dukas (1059-67) con il… -
Michael Cerularius (MICHELE CERULARIO)
MICHAEL CERULARIUS. - Greek Patriarch of Constantinople (1043-58), b. there at the beginning of the 11th century, famous for the definitive… -
Michael of Anchialus (MICHELE DI ANCHIALO)
MICHAEL OF ANCHIALUS. - Greek Patriarch of Constantinople (1170-78). He showed zeal regarding the discipline of the clergy and vigilance… -
Michael Scot (Scotto) (MICHELE SCOTO (SCOTTO))
MICHAEL SCOT (Scotto). - Philosopher and astrologer, Scottish by origin, d. ca. 1236. In 1217, with the help of Abuteus the Levite, he… -
Michael the Brave (MICHELE IL BRAVO)
MICHAEL THE BRAVE. - Mihai Viteazu, b. in 1558, d. in 1608, prince of Wallachia, is one of the most turbulent Romanian figures. Having… -
Michael the Great (MICHELE IL GRANDE)
MICHAEL THE GREAT. - Syriac Jacobite patriarch from 1166 to 1199. Born in 1126, he entered as a young man the monastery of St. Baršavmā… -
Michaud, Joseph-François
MICHAUD, JOSEPH-FRANÇOIS. - Historian and publicist, b. June 19, 1767 at Albens (Savoy), d. Sept. 30, 1839 at Passy. He was a journalist in… -
Michelotti, Anna
MICHELOTTI, ANNA. - Foundress of the Congregation of the Little Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus for the poor sick, b. at Annecy on 25… -
Michiel, Giovanni
MICHIEL, GIOVANNI. - Cardinal, b. in Venice in 1446, d. in Rome on 10 April 1503. Created cardinal by his uncle Paul II on 21 Nov. 1468, he… -
Micu, Inocențiu (MICU, INOCENTIU)
MICU, INOCENȚIU. - Bishop of the (united) Romanians of Transylvania, b. at Sad in 1692, d. in 1768; he studied with the Jesuits of Trnava… -
Micu, Samuele
MICU, SAMUELE. - Romanian historian, Catholic (Uniate) priest and one of the "three Lucifers," founders of the Latinist "school" in… -
Middle Ages (MEDIOEVO)
MIDDLE AGES. - Term used in the historiography of European civilization to indicate the centuries that ran between antiquity and the modern… -
Migazzi, Christoph Anton von
MIGAZZI, CHRISTOPH ANTON von. - Cardinal, b. at Innsbruck on 23 Nov. 1714, d. at Vienna on 15 Apr. 1803. He studied in Rome, where he… -
Mignani, Laura
MIGNANI, LAURA. - Nun, b. at Brescia around 1480, d. there on 10 January 1525. Having entered the Augustinian monastery of S. Croce at a… -
Mignot, Eudoxe-Irénée
MIGNOT, EUDOXE-IRÉNÉE. - Archbishop, b. at Brancourt (Aisne) on 20 Sept. 1842, d. at Albi on 18 March 1918. Ordained priest in 1864, he… -
Miguel I, Maria Evaristo of Braganza, King of Portugal (MIGUEL I, MARIA EVARISTO DI BRAGANZA, RE DEL PORTOGALLO)
MIGUEL I, Maria Evaristo of Braganza, King of Portugal. - Second-born son of John VI of Portugal and younger brother of Pedro, first… -
Milescu, Nicolae
MILESCU, NICOLAE. - Born in 1625, died in 1712, a learned Moldavian boyar, who studied at Constantinople in the Greek "great school" placed… -
Military and Hospitaller Orders (ORDINI CAVALLERESCHI ED OSPITALIERI)
KNIGHTLY AND HOSPITALLER ORDERS. - In its original sense "ordo militaris," corresponding to "ordo ecclesiasticus," that is, to the clergy,… -
Mill, John Stuart
MILL, JOHN STUART. - Philosopher and economist, son of James, b. 20 May 1806 in London, d. 8 May 1873 at Avignon. He adopted the surname… -
Mingana, Alfonso
MINGANA, ALFONSO. - Chaldean scholar, b. in 'Irāq on 23 Dec. 1881 (?), d. on 5 Dec. 1937 in England. He was the son of the priest Paul and… -
Minghetti, Marco
MINGHETTI, MARCO. - Politician, b. in Bologna on 8 Nov. 1818, d. in Rome on 10 Dec. 1886. He was one of the most significant… -
Minzoni, Giovanni
MINZONI, GIOVANNI. - Priest, b. at Ravenna on July 1, 1885, murdered at Argenta on Aug. 23, 1923. After his ordination (Sept. 19, 1909) he… -
Miollis, Sixte-Alexandre
MIOLLIS, SIXTE-ALEXANDRE. - General, b. at Aix on 18 Sept. 1759, d. there on 18 June 1828. Fifth of sixteen children - among them Charles… -
Miriam, King of Georgia (MIRIAM, RE DI GEORGIA)
MIRIAM, King of Georgia. - B. in 265 of the Sassanid family of Persia, d. in 342. A strong and daring warrior, he married at the age of 15… -
Miron, Cristea
MIRON, CRISTEA. - First "Orthodox" patriarch of Greater Romania, b. at Toplița, in Transylvania, on 18 July 1868, d. at Cannes on 6 March… -
Misciattelli, Piero
MISCIATTELLI, PIERO. - Scholar and historian, b. in Florence on 14 Feb. 1882, he lived especially in Umbria, in Siena and in Rome, where he… -
Mittarelli, Giovanni Benedetto
MITTARELLI, GIOVANNI BENEDETTO. - Camaldolese Benedictine, b. in Venice on 2 Sept. 1708, d. at Murano on 14 Aug. 1777. Under the guidance… -
Mittermüller, Rupert
MITTERMÜLLER, RUPERT. - Historian and priest, b. 7 June 1814 at Mainburg in Bavaria, d. 11 Dec. 1893 at Metten. He studied at Landshut,… -
Möhler, Ludwig (MOHLER, LUDWIG)
MÖHLER, LUDWIG. - Catholic historian, b. July 16, 1883 in Mannheim, d. Dec. 25, 1943 in Freiburg im Breisgau. Ordained a priest, from 1910… -
Mohr, Theodor von
MOHR, THEODOR von. - Swiss historian, b. 15 May 1794 at Süs, in the Engadine, d. 1 June 1854 at Chur. Having earned a degree in law, M.… -
Molanus, Jan Van (Latinized from Meulen, Vermeulen, Van Der Meulen) (MOLANUS, JAN VAN (LATINIZZATO DA MEULEN, VERMEULEN, VAN DER MEULEN))
MOLANUS, Jan Van (Latinized from Meulen, Vermeulen, Van Der Meulen). - Theologian, b. at Lille in 1533, d. at Louvain on 18 Sept. 1585. He… -
Moleschott, Jakob
MOLESCHOTT, JAKOB. - Dutch physiologist and physician, b. at s-Hertogenbosch on 9 April 1822, d. at Rome on 20 May 1893. He first taught at… -
Molina, Mercedes
MOLINA, MERCEDES. - Foundress of the Sisters of St. Mariana of Jesus de Paredes y Flores (v.), born at Bada (Ecuador) in 1828, died at… -
Momme Nissen, Benedetto
MOMME NISSEN, BENEDETTO. - Dominican, b. 26 April 1870 at Deezbuehl (Schleswig), d. 23 June 1943 at Ilanz (Graubünden). Having met in 1890… -
Monachism (MONACHISMO)
MONACHISM. - From the verb μονάζω ("I live solitary") comes the word μονάζων; the more frequent one, μοναχος, comes from the perfect… -
Monaci, Ernesto
MONACI, ERNESTO. - Philologist and historian, b. at Soriano nel Cimino (Viterbo) on 20 February 1844, d. at Rome on 1 May 1918. Having… -
Monceaux, Paul
MONCEAUX, PAUL. - French historian and archaeologist, b. at Auxerre on 29 May 1859, d. at Sceaux on 7 Feb. 1941. A professor of the history… -
Möngke Khan (MÄNGÜ KHAN)
MÖNGKE KHAN. - Emperor of the Tartars from 1251 to 1256. After the death of Güyük in 1248, the Tartar princes elected M. as great khan… -
Monico, Jacopo
MONICO, JACOPO. - Born at Riese, diocese of Treviso, on June 26, 1778, died at Venice on April 25, 1851. Ordained a priest in 1800, he was… -
Monita Secreta
MONITA SECRETA. — A code of instructions attributed to the Jesuit Superior General C. Aquaviva and addressed to superiors, concerning the… -
Monluc, Jean De
MONLUC, JEAN de. - Diplomat, b. at Condom in 1508, d. at Toulouse on 13 April 1579. He belonged to the Dominican Order and in 1553 was… -
Monroe, James
MONROE, JAMES. - American politician, b. in Westmoreland County (Virginia) on 28 Apr. 1758, d. in New York on 4 July 1831. He fought in the… -
Montaignac De Chauvence, Louise-Thérèse
MONTAIGNAC DE CHAUVENCE, LOUISE-THÉRÈSE. - Foundress of the Oblates of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, b. at Le Havre-de-Grâce (diocese of… -
Montalembert, Charles-René, Forbes de
MONTALEMBERT, CHARLES-RENÉ, FORBES de. - Publicist and politician, b. in London on 15 April 1810, d. in Paris on 13 March 1870. He was… -
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de (MONTESQUIEU, CHARLES-LOUIS DE SECONDAT, BARONE DI)
MONTESQUIEU, CHARLES-LOUIS DE SECONDAT, baron of - Jurist and philosopher, b. at La Brède on 18 January 1689, d. at Paris on 10 February… -
Montferrat, Marquises of (MONFERRATO, MARCHESI DI)
MONTFERRAT, MARQUISES OF. - The dynasty of the marquises of M. begins in the 10th century with ALERAMO, prince coadjutor of Berengar II,… -
Montfort, Simone IV de (SIMONE IV DA MONTFORT)
MONTFORT, Simone IV de. - Leader of the Crusade against the Albigensians. From a very ancient family, son of Simon III, baron of Montfort,… -
Monti, Giuseppe
MONTI, GIUSEPPE. - Apologist and publicist, b. in Bologna on 14 Nov. 1879, d. in Rome on 31 Dec. 1949. Ordained a priest on 19 Dec. 1903,… -
Monti, Luigi Maria
MONTI, LUIGI MARIA. - Founder of the Brothers Hospitallers of the Immaculate Conception, b. at Bovisio (Milan) on 24 July 1825, d. at… -
Montmorency, Anne de
MONTMORENCY, ANNE de. - Born at Chantilly on 12 November 1493, died at St-Denis on 12 November 1567. The name Anne was given to him by his… -
Montmorency, Henri I
MONTMORENCY, HENRI I. - Son of Anne and of Madeleine of Savoy, b. at Chantilly in 1534, d. at Agde on 1 April 1614. In the war of religion… -
Montmorency, Henri II
MONTMORENCY, HENRI II. - Son of Henri I, born at Chantilly on 30 April 1595, died at Toulouse on 30 October 1632. From Henry IV he received… -
Montorfano, Giovanni Paolo
MONTORFANO, GIOVANNI PAOLO. - Propagator of catechetical instruction, b. at Como, d. 27 Dec. 1580. He was a companion of St. Jerome… -
Montor, Jean-Alexis-François Artalio de
MONTOR, JEAN-ALEXIS-FRANÇOIS ARTALIO de. - French diplomat and writer, b. 21 July 1772 in Paris, d. there 12 Nov. 1849. Attached to the… -
Monumenta Germaniae Historica
MONUMENTA GERMANIAE HISTORICA. - It is the most important collection of sources for medieval history, particularly for Germany, but… -
Moore, Arthur
MOORE, ARTHUR. - Count and politician, b. in 1849 at Liverpool, d. in 1904 at Mooresfort, Tipperary (Ireland). Elected deputy in 1874, he… -
Morcelli, Stefano Antonio
MORCELLI, STEFANO ANTONIO. - Archaeologist and epigrapher, b. at Chiari (Brescia) on 17 January 1737, d. there on 1 January 1822. Having… -
Moreau, Basile-Antoine
MOREAU, BASILE-ANTOINE. - Founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross and of the sisters of the same title, b. at Laigné-en-Belin (Mayenne)… -
Morelly
MORELLY. - French political writer, of whom it is known only that he lived around the middle of the 18th century and that he resided at… -
Morichini, Carlo Luigi
MORICHINI, CARLO LUIGI. - Cardinal, b. in Rome on 21 Nov. 1805, d. there on 14 May 1879. Having obtained a degree in law, he embraced the… -
Morigia, Paolo
MORIGIA, PAOLO. - Gesuato, born in Milan in 1525, died there in 1604. He was several times superior general of his Order and reformed its… -
Morin (Morinus), Jean
MORIN (Morinus), JEAN. - Theologian and scholar of biblical textual criticism, b. at Blois in 1591, d. at Paris on 28 February 1659. Born… -
Morone, Giovanni
MORONE, GIOVANNI. - Cardinal, b. in Milan on 25 Jan. 1509 to Girolamo, chancellor of Maximilian and Francesco Sforza, and to Amabilia… -
Moroni, Gaetano
MORONI, GAETANO. - Scholar, b. in Rome on 17 Oct. 1802, d. there on 3 Nov. 1883. A barber and later a valet to Cardinal Mauro Cappellari,… -
Morosini, Family (MOROSINI, FAMIGLIA)
MOROSINI, FAMILY. - One of the most distinguished families of Venice, whose members over the centuries several times filled the most… -
Mortara, Pio Edgardo
MORTARA, PIO EDGARDO. - Regular canon, b. 26 Aug. 1851 in Bologna, d. 11 March 1940 at Bouhay (Belgium). Son of a Jewish merchant of… -
Möser, Justus
MÖSER, JUSTUS. - Publicist and historian, b. in Osnabrück on 14 Dec. 1720, d. there on 8 Jan. 1794. A lawyer, he took part in the public… -
Mozzi, Luigi
MOZZI, LUIGI. - Jesuit theologian, b. in Bergamo on 26 May 1747, d. at Oreno (Milan) on 2 July 1815. Forced to leave the Society in 1773,… -
Mühlbacher, Engelbert
MÜHLBACHER, ENGELBERT. - Austrian historian, b. 4 Oct. 1843 at Gresten (Austria), d. 17 July 1903 at Vienna. He entered the abbey of St.… -
Müller, Johannes
MÜLLER, JOHANNES. - Historian, b. in Schaffhausen on 3 Jan. 1752, d. in Kassel on 11 May 1809. He is among the first historians who,… -
Mun, Albert de
MUN, ALBERT de. - Social organizer and politician, b. at Lumigny on 23 Feb. 1841, d. at Bordeaux on 6 Oct. 1914. Taken prisoner in the… -
Münster, Sebastian
MÜNSTER, SEBASTIAN. - Geographer, cosmographer and orientalist, b. at Nieder-Ingelheim in 1489, d. at Basel on 26 May 1552. In 1505 he took… -
Muravev, Andrei Nikolaevich (MURAVEV, ANDREA NICOLAEVIĆ)
MURAVEV, ANDREI NIKOLAEVICH. - Russian writer and theologian, b. 1806, d. 1874. The account of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land (St.… -
Murmellius, Johannes
MURMELLIUS, JOHANNES. - Dutch humanist, b. at Roermond in 1480, d. in Oct. 1517. Around 1493 he was at the school of the Brethren of the… -
Musitano, Carlo
MUSITANO, CARLO. - Priest and physician, b. at Castrovillari on 6 Jan. 1635, d. at Naples in 1714. He studied letters, philosophy and… -
Mussolini, Benito
MUSSOLINI, BENITO. - Italian politician, "duce of Fascism," b. at Predappio (Forlì) on 29 July 1883, killed at Giulino di Mezzegra (Como)… -
Muzalon, Theodore (MUZALON, TEODORO)
MUZALON, THEODORE. - Byzantine statesman, orator and writer of the 13th century (d. 1295). He quickly succeeded in gaining the trust of the… -
Muzzarelli, Carlo Emanuele dei Conti
MUZZARELLI, Carlo Emanuele dei Conti. - Scholar and politician, b. in Bologna to a noble Ferrarese family on 3 April 1797, d. 10 April… -
Nabonidus (Babylonian: Nabū-Nā'id = «Nabū Is Exalted») (NABONEDO (BABIL. "NABŪ-NĀ'ID = «NABŪ È ECCELSO»))
NABONIDUS (Babylonian: Nabū-Nā'id = «Nabū Is Exalted»). - Last king of Babylon, whose reign (556-539) tragically closes the… -
Nahapet of Edessa (NAHAPET DI EDESSA)
NAHAPET OF EDESSA. - Armenian Katholikós of Etchmiadzin (1691-1704). On Sept. 5, 1695 he sent a profession of Catholic faith to Innocent… -
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (NAPOLEONE I, IMPERATORE DEI FRANCESI)
NAPOLEON I, EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. - Napoleon Buonaparte, b. at Ajaccio on 15 Aug. 1769; his mother was Letizia Ramolino (d. 1836), his… -
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (NAPOLEONE III, IMPERATORE DEI FRANCESI)
NAPOLEON III, EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. - Louis N., b. in Paris on 20 April 1808, the third-born son of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, and… -
Narcissus, Arian Bishop of Neroniade (NARCISSO, VESCOVO ARIANO DI NERONIADE)
NARCISSUS, Arian Bishop of Neroniade. - He was already a bishop in 325; in that year he took part in the Synod of Antioch for the election… -
Nardi, Francesco
NARDI, FRANCESCO. - Prelate, canonist and publicist, b. at Vazzola (Veneto) on 18 June 1808, d. at Rome on 22 March 1877. Having embraced… -
Narses, Lampronian (NARSES, LAMPRONENSE)
NARSES, LAMPRONIAN. - Armenian archbishop of Tarsus in Cilicia, b. in 1153, d. on 14 July 1198. His father Oschin II, lord of Lampron,… -
Narsete
NARSETE. - General of the Byzantine army under Justinian, b. around 480, d. in Rome in 574. He entered the court early and received favors… -
Nasalli, Ignazio
NASALLI, IGNAZIO. - Cardinal, b. in Parma on 7 Oct. 1750, d. in Rome on 7 Dec. 1831. Ordained priest in 1785, he completed his studies in… -
Natale, Michele
NATALE, MICHELE. - Bishop of Vico Equense, b. at Casapulla (Caserta) on 23 Aug. 1751, d. at Naples on 20 Aug. 1799. After exercising the… -
Naudé, Gabriel
NAUDÉ, GABRIEL. - Scholar, b. in Paris on 2 Feb. 1600, d. at Abbeville on 29 July 1653. He obtained his degree in medicine at Padua in… -
Navagero, Andrea
NAVAGERO, ANDREA. - Poet, historiographer, orator, politician, b. in Venice to a patrician family, in 1483, d. at Blois on 8 May 1529. At… -
Navagero, Bernardo
NAVAGERO, BERNARDO. - Diplomat and cardinal, b. in Venice in 1507 to Gian Luigi and Lucrezia Agostini, d. in Verona on 13 April 1565; he… -
Navarra
NAVARRA. - A historical region of Spain, roughly corresponding to the present-day Spanish province of the same name, together with the… -
Neapolitanus, Joannes De Regina De (John of Naples) (GIOVANNI DI NAPOLI (JOANNES DE REGINA DE NEAPOLI, NEAPOLITANUS))
NEAPOLITANUS, Joannes De Regina De (John of Naples). - Dominican scholastic of the 13th-14th century. He obtained the licentiate in… -
Necchi, Ludovico (Vico)
NECCHI, LUDOVICO (VICO). - Physician, b. in Milan on 19 Nov. 1876, d. there on 11 Jan. 1930. In Nov. 1889, he began attending the second… -
Neckam (Nequam), Alessandro
NECKAM (Nequam), ALESSANDRO. - Polymath and educationist, b. at St. Albans (England) in the year 1157, d. at Kempsey (Worcestershire) in… -
Nectarius, Patriarch of Constantinople (NETTARIO, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
NECTARIUS, Patriarch of Constantinople. - Born at Tarsus, in Cilicia, in the first half of the 4th century, died 27 September 397 at… -
Negri, Gaetano
NEGRI, GAETANO. - Historian, b. in Milan on 11 July 1838, d. near Varazze on 31 July 1902. He took part in the campaign of 1859 and in the… -
Neo-Guelphism (NEOGUELFISMO)
NEO-GUELPHISM. - The antecedents of N. must be sought in Romanticism, which asserted itself in various ways in the new culture and the new… -
Neon, Omeusian Bishop of Seleucia (NEONE, VESCOVO OMEUSIANO DI SELEUCIA)
NEON, Omeusian Bishop of Seleucia. - He was already bishop in 359, since in that year he took part in the Council held in his episcopal… -
NEP
NEP. - Abbreviation for Novaja ekonomičeskaja politika ("New Economic Policy"). When, as a consequence of the civil war and of war… -
Nepotism (NEPOTISMO)
NEPOTISM. - Term designating the excessive favor shown by certain pontiffs toward members of their own family through the granting of… -
Neriglissor
NERIGLISSOR - Fourth Neo-Babylonian king (Babylonian Nergal-šar-uşur "may Nergal protect the king"; Hebrew Nérghal Sar'şer), second… -
Nero (Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus), Roman Emperor (NERONE (NERO CLAUDIUS CAESAR DRUSUS GERMANICUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
NERO (Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus), Roman Emperor. - N. at Anzio on 15 Dec. 37 A.D., son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and… -
Nerses II, Astaraketzi
NERSES II, ASTARAKETZI. - Armenian Katholikós from 548 to 557. He convoked the well-known Council of Duino (554-55), aimed at obtaining a… -
Nerva (M. Cocceius Nerva), Roman Emperor (NERVA (M. COCCEIUS NERVA), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
NERVA (M. Cocceius Nerva), Roman Emperor. - Born at Narni in 26 A.D., died at Rome in Jan. 98. Of an aristocratic family, he was consul in… -
Newton, Jsaac
NEWTON, JSAAC. - Scientist, b. at Woolsthorpe, county of Lincoln, England, on 25 Dec. 1642 (5 Jan. 1643 according to the Gregorian… -
Niccolò
NICCOLÒ. - Sculptor of the 12th century, who according to eighteenth-century Ferrarese literature is considered a native of Ficarolo in the…