History & Biography
Storia, Storici E Biografie Varie · 3,273 articles · Principal contributors · All subjects-
Lapini, Anna Maria
LAPINI, ANNA MARIA. - Born in Florence on 27 May 1809, died there on 15 April 1860. Her religious vocation, opposed in her youth, was able… -
La Rochejaquelein, Henri du Vergier, Count of (LA 'ROCHEJAQUELIN, HENRI DU VERGIER, CONTE DI)
LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, Henri du Vergier, Count of. - Vendéan general, b. at the château de la Durbellière (Châtillon-sur-Sèvre) on 3 Aug. 1772,… -
Lasalde, Carlos
LASALDE, CARLOS. - Piarist, polygraph, b. at Portillo (Spain) on 4 Nov. 1841, d. there on 4 Sept. 1906. One of the first Spaniards who… -
Laski, Jan
LASKI, JAN. - Archbishop, primate of Poland and statesman, b. at Lask in 1456, d. at Kalisz on 19 May 1531. He was ambassador in 1494 to… -
Latil, Jean-Baptiste-Marie-Anne-Antoine, Count of (LATIL, JEAN-BAPTISTE-MARIE-ANNE-ANTOINE, CONTE DI)
LATIL, Jean-Baptiste-Marie-Anne-Antoine, Count of. - Cardinal, b. 6 May 1761 on the island of Ste. Marguerite (Var), d. 1 Dec. 1839 at… -
La Tour d'Auvergne, Henri-Alphonse-Godefroy-Bernard, Prince of La Tour d'Auvergne and of Lauragais (LA TOUR D'AUVERGNE, HENRI-ALPHONSE-GODEFROY-BERNARD, PRINCIPE DI LAURAGAIS E DI)
LA TOUR D'AUVERGNE, Henri-Alphonse-Godefroy-Bernard, Prince of La Tour d'Auvergne and of Lauragais. - French politician, b. 21 Oct. 1823 in… -
La Tour du Pin, Charles-Humbert-René, Count of (LA TOUR DU PIN, CHARLES-HUMBERT-RENÉ, CONTE DE)
LA TOUR DU PIN, Charles-Humbert-René, Count of. - Marquis de la Charce, b. 1 April 1834 at Arrancy (Aisne), d. at Lausanne on 4 Dec. 1924.… -
Laurentie, Pierre-Sébastien
LAURENTIE, PIERRE-SÉBASTIEN. - French publicist and historian, b. at Houga (Gers) on 21 Jan. 1793, d. at Paris on 9 Feb. 1876. Settled in… -
Laureo, Vincenzo
LAUREO, VINCENZO. - Cardinal, b. at Tropea in Calabria on 28 March 1525 to Antonello and Raimonda Milliaris. He studied at Padua and from… -
La Valette, Charles-Jean-Marie-Félix, Marquis of (LA VALETTE, CHARLES-JEAN-MARIE-FÉLIX, MARCHESE DI)
LA VALETTE, Charles-Jean-Marie-Félix, Marquis of. - French politician and diplomat, b. 25 Nov. 1806 at Senlis (Oise), d. 2 May 1881 in… -
La Valette, Louis de Nogaret de
LA VALETTE, LOUIS DE NOGARET de. - Cardinal, b. at Angoulême on 8 February 1593, d. at Rivoli (Piedmont) on 28 September 1639. The last son… -
Lavater, Johann Kaspar
LAVATER, JOHANN KASPAR. - Protestant writer and pastor, b. in Zurich on 15 Nov. 1741, d. there on 2 Jan. 1801. He formed his… -
Lavigerie, Charles-Martial
LAVIGERIE, CHARLES-MARTIAL. - Cardinal, b. at Huire, near Bayonne, on 13 Oct. 1825, d. at Algiers on 25 Nov. 1892. Ordained priest on 2… -
Lazarus (LAZZARO)
LAZARUS. - Russian Raskolnik, d. 1681. The documents designate him as priest of Romanoborisoglevsk (government of Yaroslavl); but he… -
Le Bachelet, Camille (François-Xavier)
LE BACHELET, Camille (François-Xavier). - Jesuit, theologian, b. in Paris on 14 Jan. 1855, d. there on 23 Sept. 1925. Having entered the… -
Lebanon (LIBANO)
LEBANON. - A state that proclaimed itself independent on Nov. 26, 1941, and comprising the southwestern part of Syria. It takes its name… -
Lebedev, Aleksandr Aleksevič
LEBEDEV, ALEKSANDR ALEKSEVIČ. - Archpriest, Russian theologian, polemicist. Born in Moscow in 1873 to a priest, he studied from 1854 to… -
Lebedev, Aleksej Petrovič
LEBEDEV, ALEKSEJ PETROVIČ. - Russian "Orthodox" theologian and church historian, b. 2 March 1845 at Ochakov, d. 14 July 1908 at Moscow.… -
Le Camus, Étienne (LE CAMUS, ETIENNE)
LE CAMUS, ETIENNE. - Cardinal, b. in Paris on 4 Sept. 1632, d. at Grenoble on 22 Sept. 1707. A doctor of theology in 1650, for his… -
Ledóchowska, Maria Theresia
LEDÓCHOWSKA, MARIA THERESIA. - Born at Loosdorf (Austria) on 29 April 1863, died at Rome on 6 July 1922. Of exceptional intelligence, she… -
Legio Fulminata
LEGIO FULMINATA. - It was the XII Roman legion, which after taking part in the siege of Jerusalem under Vespasian was sent to be stationed… -
Legrand, Émile (LEGRAND, EMILE)
LEGRAND, ÉMILE. - Born at Fontenay-le-Marmion on 30 Dec. 1841, died in Paris on 28 Nov. 1904; professor of Modern Greek, editor of texts… -
Leib, Kilian
LEIB, KILIAN. - Regular canon, polemicist and annalist, b. at Ochsenfurt (Franconia) on 23 Feb. 1471, d. at Rebdorf on 16 July 1553. After… -
Leisentrit, Johann
LEISENTRIT, JOHANN. - Theologian, apostolic protonotary, b. at Olmütz (Olomouc) in 1527, d. at Bautzen on 14 Nov. 1586. Canon at Bautzen in… -
Lemmens, Leonhard
LEMMENS, LEONHARD. - Franciscan, b. at Bocket (Rhineland) on 19 Nov. 1864, d. at Rome on 10 Feb. 1929. Called to Rome in 1899 as… -
Le Moyne, Jean (Ioannes Monachus)
LE MOYNE, JEAN (IOANNES MONACHUS). - Distinguished canonist, b. in the first half of the 13th century, d. at Avignon on 22 Aug. 1313.… -
Lenel, Otto
LENEL, OTTO. - Jurist, b. in Mannheim on 13 Dec. 1849, d. in Freiburg im Breisgau on 7 Feb. 1935. He completed his studies at the… -
Lenormant, Charles E François
LENORMANT, CHARLES e FRANÇOIS. - 1. CHARLES. - French archaeologist and historian, b. in Paris on 1 Jan. 1802, d. in Athens on 24 Nov.… -
Lentini, Domenico
LENTINI, DOMENICO. - Priest, b. at Lauria on 20 Nov. 1770, d. there on 24 Feb. 1828. At the age of 20 he entered the Seminary of… -
Leo Grammaticus (LEONE GRAMMATICO)
LEO GRAMMATICUS. - Doubtful author of a Byzantine chronography, completed in 1013, which runs from Adam to the death of the emperor Romanos… -
Leo III, Emperor of the East, detto L'Isaurico (LEONE III, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE, DETTO L'ISAURICO)
LEO III, Emperor of the East, detto L'Isaurico. - His accession to the throne dates to 25 March 717, on the eve of a great effort by the… -
Leonardo di Chio
LEONARDO di CHIO. - Dominican, b. on Chios in 1395 or 1396, d. in 1459 probably at Genoa. He studied in Italy, was lector at Genoa and at… -
Leonori, Aristide
LEONORI, ARISTIDE. - Engineer and architect, b. in Rome on 28 July 1856, d. there on 30 July 1928. Having graduated from the University of… -
Leopardi, Monaldo
LEOPARDI, MONALDO. - Writer, b. at Recanati on 16 Aug. 1776, d. there on 30 Apr. 1847. Of weak will, he was dominated in the management of… -
Leopold I, Emperor (LEOPOLDO I, IMPERATORE)
LEOPOLD I, EMPEROR. - Second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and of Maria Anna of Spain, b. in Vienna on 9 June 1640, d. there on 5 May 1705.… -
Leopold II, Emperor (I as Grand Duke of Tuscany) (LEOPOLDO II, IMPERATORE (I COME GRANDUCA DI TOSCANA))
LEOPOLD II, Emperor (I as Grand Duke of Tuscany). - B. 15 May 1747 in Vienna, d. there 2 March 1792. Third son of Francis Stephen of… -
Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (LEOPOLDO II, GRANDUCA DI TOSCANA)
LEOPOLD II, Grand Duke of Tuscany. - B. 3 Oct. 1797 in Florence, d. 29 Jan. 1870 in Rome. Son of Ferdinand III and of Maria Luisa Amalia of… -
Leopoldo da Castelnuovo (LEOPOLDO DA CASTELNOVO)
LEOPOLDO DA CASTELNUOVO. - Capuchin, whose family name was Mandic, b. at Castelnuovo di Cattaro on 12 May 1866, d. at Padua on 30 July… -
Leo the Deacon (LEONE DIACONO)
LEO THE DEACON. - Byzantine chronicler, b. at Kaloe near Mount Tmolus in 950; Skylitzes, in the preface to his History, calls him by the… -
Leo V, Emperor of the East, detto L'Armeno (LEONE V, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE, DETTO L'ARMENO)
LEO V, Emperor of the East, detto L'Armeno. - Greek emperor (813-20). He began the second phase of iconoclasm (Synod of 815), finding… -
Leo VI, Emperor of the East, detto Il Sapiens (LEONE VI, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE, DETTO IL SAPIENTE)
LEO VI, Emperor of the East, detto Il Sapiens. - Greek emperor (886-916). He deposed the patriarch Photius in 886, and on the occasion of… -
Leovigild, King of the Visigoths (LEOVIGILDO, RE DEI VISIGOTI)
LEOVIGILD, King of the Visigoths. - Brother of the kings Athanagild and Liuva I, he was associated with the throne by the latter in 568,… -
Lepanto
LEPANTO. - L., in Greek Naúpaktos, is a city and port of Greece, on the northern coast of the strait that separates the Gulf of Patras from… -
Leroquais, Victor-Martial
LEROQUAIS, VICTOR-MARTIAL. - French priest, liturgist, b. at St-Germain-de-Tallevende (diocese of Bayeux, department of Calvados) on 7… -
Lesage Ten Broek, Joachim George
LESAGE TEN BROEK, JOACHIM GEORGE. - Dutch Catholic publicist and controversialist, b. at Groningen on 27 Nov. 1775, d. at Grave on 11 July… -
Lesley, John
LESLEY, JOHN. - Scottish bishop and historian, b. 29 Sept. 1527, d. in a convent near Brussels on 31 May 1596. A priest, doctor of law at… -
Le Tellier, Michel
LE TELLIER, MICHEL. - Jesuit, apologist, b. at Vire, near Cherbourg, on 16 Dec. 1643, d. at La Flèche on 2 Sept. 1719. He taught letters… -
Leto
LETO. - Humanist, b. in 1428 at Teggiano in the Cilento, d. at Rome in 1497. He is one of the most enigmatic (or indeterminate) figures of… -
Leu von Ebersol, Joseph
LEU VON EBERSOL, JOSEPH. - Swiss politician, b. at Ebersol on 1 June 1800, d. there on 20 July 1845. A convinced Catholic, he did not… -
Levellers
LEVELLERS. - The L. constituted the extreme left wing of the English republicans in the civil war of 1642-51. The term L. ("leveller" and… -
L'Hôpital, Michel de (L'HOSPITAL, MICHEL DE)
L'HÔPITAL, MICHEL DE. - Statesman, b. in the castle of La Roche near Aigueperse in 1503, d. in the castle of Bellévat near Etamps on 13… -
Libermann, François
LIBERMANN, PAUL, venerable. - Born at Saverne (France) on 12 April 1802 and died in Paris on 2 February 1852. The fifth son of the rabbi of… -
Lichudi, Gioannicio and Sofronio (LICHUDI, GIOANNICIO E SOFRONIO)
LICHUDI, GIOANNICIO AND SOFRONIO. - Byzantine monks, born in Cephalonia: Gioannicio in 1633, Sofronio in 1652. They studied in Venice, then… -
Licinius (Valerius Licinianus Licinius), Roman Emperor (LICINIO (VALERIUS LICINIANUS LICINIUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
LICINIUS (Valerius Licinianus Licinius), EMPEROR ROMAN RATOR. - Born around the year 250 in Dacia Ripensis, that is, in the region south of… -
Lieber, Maurizio
LIEBER, MAURIZIO. - Statesman and publicist, b. at Blankenheim on 1 Oct. 1790, d. at Kamberg on 29 Dec. 1860. In 1831 he published in… -
Liechtenstein
LIECHTENSTEIN. - A tiny state (159 sq. km.) enclosed between the frontiers of Austria (Vorarlberg) and Switzerland (St. Gallen and… -
Liechtenstein, Alois von
LIECHTENSTEIN, Alois von. - Opponent of liberalism, leader of the Catholic social movement in Austria, b. 18 Nov. 1846 in Prague, d. 25… -
Lietzmann, Hans
LIETZMANN, HANS. - Protestant theologian, b. 1875, d. 1942. A pupil of the classical philologists H. Usener and Fr. Bücheler. This… -
Lindane (Latinized from Van der Linden or Lind), Wilhelm (LINDANO (LATINIZZATO DA VAN DER LINDEN O LIND), WILHELM)
LINDANE (Latinized from Van der Linden or Lind), Wilhelm. - Controversialist, b. at Dordrecht in 1525, d. at Ghent on 2 Nov. 1588. In 1554… -
Linde, Justin Timotheus Balthasar
LINDE, JUSTIN TIMOTHEUS BALTHASAR. - German jurist and politician, b. 7 Aug. 1797 at Brilon (Westphalia), d. 9 June 1870 at Bonn.… -
Lingard, John
LINGARD, JOHN. - English polemicist and historian, b. at Winchester on 5 February 1771, d. at Hornby on 17 July 1851. Ordained a priest at… -
Linnaeus (Linné), Carl (LINNEUS (LINNÉ), KARL)
LINNAEUS (LINNÉ), CARL. - B. at Råshult (Sweden) on 13 May 1707 and d. at Uppsala on 10 Jan. 1778. Of humble origins, he inherited from his… -
Linneborn, Johannes
LINNEBORN, JOHANNES. - German church historian, b. 5 March 1867 at Hagen (Westphalia), d. 22 Jan. 1933 at Paderborn. A priest in 1892, he… -
Lino da Parma
LINO da PARMA. - A Friar Minor, born in Split (Dalmatia) on 30 Aug. 1866, died in Parma on 14 May 1924. His adopted homeland was Parma,… -
Litta, Alfonso
LITTA, ALFONSO. - A Milanese patrician of the Litta-Visconti-Arese family. Archbishop of Milan from May 1652; cardinal from 15 February… -
Litta, Pompeo
LITTA, POMPEO. - Milanese historian, b. 24 Sept. 1781, d. at Limido (Como) 17 Aug. 1852. As a very young man he took part in various… -
Liutprand (LIUTPRANDO)
LIUTPRAND. - Bishop of Cremona, of a Lombard family, b. in Pavia, or its surroundings, in the early decades of the 10th century, d. between… -
Liutprand, King of the Lombards (LIUTPRANDO, RE DEI LONGOBARDI)
LIUTPRAND, King of the Lombards. - In 703 Ansprand, in the bitter struggles for the succession to the Lombard throne, had to take refuge… -
Liverani, Francesco
LIVERANI, FRANCESCO. - Writer and polemicist, b. at Castel Bolognese on 22 Feb. 1823, d. at Cortona on 28 Feb. 1894. Author of works of… -
Lobeck, Christian August
LOBECK, CHRISTIAN AUGUST. - Classical philologist, b. at Naumburg on June 5, 1781; he taught at the University of Königsberg, where he d.… -
Lockhart, William
LOCKHART, WILLIAM. - Rosminian, b. at Varingham (Surrey) on 22 Aug. 1820, d. in London on 15 May 1892. At first a convinced Protestant, he… -
Lombard League (LEGA LOMBARDA)
LOMBARD LEAGUE. - Taking advantage of the absence of Frederick Barbarossa, the cities of Cremona, Bergamo, Brescia, Mantua and Ferrara… -
Lombards (LONGOBARDI)
LOMBARDS. - They are considered as belonging to the group of the Eastern Germans. The origin of the name (Langobardi, not Longobardi as is… -
Longo, Bartolo
LONGO, BARTOLO. - Lawyer, founder of the sanctuary of Pompei, b. at Latiano (Brindisi) on 10 Feb. 1841, d. at Pompei on 5 Oct. 1926. Shaken… -
Lo Pa-hong, Giuseppe
LO PA-HONG, GIUSEPPE. - Born in Shanghai on 27 March 1873, he passed the imperial examinations at the age of 18 and devoted himself to… -
Lopes, Fernão
LOPES, FERNÃO. - Portuguese chronicler. The biographical data are scanty and uncertain: he perhaps lived from 1380 to 1460. King John I… -
Lorgna, Giocondo Pio
LORGNA, GIOCONDO PIO. - Dominican, founder of the Dominican Sisters of Blessed Imelda (Imeldines), born at Tresana (Massa) on 27 September… -
Lothair I, Emperor, King of Italy (LOTARIO I, IMPERATORE, RE D'ITALIA)
LOTHAIR I, EMPEROR, KING OF ITALY. - Firstborn son of Louis the Pious and Queen Ermengard, b. around 785, d. at Prüm on 28 Sept. 855. In… -
Lothair III of Supplinburg, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany (LOTARIO III DI SUPLINBURGO, IMPERATORE ROMANO, RE DI GERMANIA)
LOTHAIR III OF SUPPLINBURG, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany. - Elected at Mainz on 30 Aug. 1125, d. in the Tyrol at Breitwang on 4 Dec.… -
Louis III, King of France (LUIGI III, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS III, King of France. - Son of Louis II the Stammerer and of Ansgarde, b. ca. 863, d. at St-Denis on 10 Aug. 882. During his reign the… -
Louis II, King of Bavaria (LUIGI II, RE DI BAVIERA)
LOUIS II, King of Bavaria. - B. 25 Aug. 1845 at Nymphenburg, d. 13 June 1886 in Lake Starnberg. Son of Maximilian II of Bavaria and of… -
Louis II, King of Hungary and Bohemia (LUIGI II, RE D'UNGHERIA E DI BOEMIA)
LOUIS II, King of Hungary and Bohemia. - B. July 2, 1506, d. Aug. 29, 1526. He reigned from 1516, succeeding his father, Vladislaus II… -
Louis II, King of Italy, Roman Emperor (LUDOVICO II, RE D'ITALIA, IMPERATORE ROMANO)
LOUIS II, KING OF ITALY, ROMAN EMPEROR. - Son of Emperor Lothair I, b. around 820, d. near Brescia on 12 August 875. In 844 his father sent… -
Louis II, the Stammerer, King of France (LUIGI II, IL BALBO, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS II, the Stammerer, King of France. - Son of Charles the Bald and Ermentrude, b. 1 Nov. 846, d. at Compiègne on 11 Apr. 879. He… -
Louis I, King of Bavaria (LUIGI I, RE DI BAVIERA)
LOUIS I, King of Bavaria. - B. 25 Aug. 1786 at Strasbourg, d. 29 Feb. 1868 at Nice. Son of Maximilian Joseph of the Two Bridges and of… -
Louis I of Braganza, King of Portugal (LUIGI I DI BRAGANZA, RE DEL PORTOGALLO)
LOUIS I OF BRAGANZA, King of Portugal. - B. in Lisbon on 31 Oct. 1838, d. at Cascais on 19 Oct. 1889. Second son of Queen Maria II and of… -
Louis I, the Great, King of Hungary (LUIGI I, IL GRANDE, RE D'UNGHERIA)
LOUIS I, the Great, King of Hungary. - B. in 1326, d. September 10, 1382. Chivalrous, religious, cultured, a wise statesman. He reigned… -
Louis IV, Called D'Outremer, King of France (LUIGI IV, DETTO D'OLTREMARE, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS IV, Called D'Outremer, King of France. - Son of Charles the Simple, b. in 921, d. at Reims, 10 Sept. 954. He recovered the throne… -
Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans, King of the French (LUIGI FILIPPO, DUCA D'ORLÉANS, RE DEI FRANCESI)
LOUIS PHILIPPE, Duke of Orléans, King of the French. - B. 6 Oct. 1773 in Paris, d. 26 Aug. 1850 at Claremont Castle, county of Surrey… -
Louis V, Called the Do-Nothing, King of France (LUIGI V, DETTO IL FANNULLONE, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS V, Called the Do-Nothing, King of France. - Son of Lothair and Emma, b. in 967, d. at Reims on 22 May 987, was able, despite his 19… -
Louis VI, Called the Fat, King of France (LUIGI VI, DETTO IL GROSSO, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS VI, Called the Fat, King of France. - Son of King Philip I of France, born in Paris probably in 1081, died on 1 August 1137.… -
Louis VIII, the Lion, King of France (LUIGI VIII, DETTO IL LEONE, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS VIII, the Lion, King of France. - Son of Philip Augustus, b. in Paris on 5 Sept. 1187, d. during a journey to Paris, in 1226. He… -
Louis VII, the Younger, King of France (LUIGI VII, DETTO IL GIOVANE, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS VII, the Younger, King of France. - Son of Louis VI, b. ca. 1121, d. in Paris on 18 Sept. 1180. Despite his quite notable qualities… -
Louis XIII, King of France (LUIGI XIII, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS XIII, King of France. - Of the House of Bourbon, b. at Fontainebleau on 27 Sept. 1601 to Henry IV and Marie de' Medici, d. on 14 May… -
Louis XII, King of France (LUIGI XII, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS XII, King of France. - Of the House of Valois-Orléans, b. June 27, 1462 at Blois to Charles of Orléans and Mary of Cleves, he… -
Louis XI, King of France (LUIGI XI, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS XI, King of France. - Of the House of Valois, b. 3 July 1423 at Bourges, son of Charles VII and Margaret of Anjou, d. 30 Aug. 1483 at… -
Louis XIV of Bourbon, King of France (LUIGI XIV DI BORBONE, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS XIV OF BOURBON, King of France. - Born at Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 5 September 1638 to King Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, daughter… -
Louis X, the Quarrelsome, King of France (LUIGI X, DETTO LE HUTIN (=ATTACCABRIGHE), RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS X, the Quarrelsome, King of France. - Son of Philip IV the Fair, b. in Paris on 4 Oct. 1289, d. at Vincennes on 5 June 1316. The… -
Louis XVIII of Bourbon, King of France (LUIGI XVIII DI BORBONE, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS XVIII OF BOURBON, King of France. - B. at Versailles on 17 Nov. 1755, d. at Paris on 16 Sept. 1824. Louis Stanislas Xavier, Count of… -
Louis XVI, King of France (LUIGI XVI, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS XVI, King of France. - B. at Versailles on 23 Aug. 1754 to Louis, dauphin of France (son of Louis XV) and to Maria Josepha of Saxony,… -
Louis XV, King of France (LUIGI XV, RE DI FRANCIA)
LOUIS XV, King of France. - Born at Versailles on 15 Feb. 1710 to Louis, Duke of Burgundy, second Dauphin, and to Maria Adelaide of Savoy;… -
Lou Tseng-Tsiang (Peter Celestine), Abbot (LOU TSENG-TSIANG (PIETRO CELESTINO), ABATE)
LOU TSENG-TSIANG (Peter Celestine), Abbot. - B. in Shanghai on June 12, 1871, d. in Bruges (Belgium) on Jan. 15, 1949. He was appointed… -
Löwenstein, Karl Wertheim-Rosenberg, Prince of (LÖWENSTEIN, KARL WERTHEIM-ROSENBERG, PRINCIPE DI)
LÖWENSTEIN, Karl Wertheim-Rosenberg, Prince of. - Sociologist, b. at Haid (Bohemia) on 21 May 1834, d. at Cologne on 8 Nov. 1921. At the… -
Lubienski, Bernardo
LUBIENSKI, BERNARDO. - Redemptorist, b. near Warsaw on 9 Dec. 1846, d. there on 10 Sept. 1933. A descendant of a noble family, he spent his… -
Luca, Archbishop of Cosenza (LUCA, ARCIVESCOVO DI COSENZA)
LUCA, Archbishop of Cosenza. - Some call him a Campanian, others a Cosenzan. He was a Cistercian at Casamari when Abbot Joachim of Fiore… -
Lucian of Samosata (Λουκιανός) (LUCIANO (ΛΟΥΚΙΑΝΌΣ) DI SAMOSATA)
LUCIAN OF SAMOSATA (Λουκιανός). - Rhetorician and sophist, b. at Samosata (Syria) near the Euphrates around 125 A.D., d. ca. 190. He… -
Lucilla
LUCILLA. - A very wealthy and factious Carthaginian noblewoman, of Spanish origin, and jointly responsible for the Donatist schism. While… -
Lucius (Lucio, Lučić), Giovanni
LUCIUS (LUCIO, LUČIĆ), GIOVANNI. - Founder of Croatian critical historiography, b. at Traù in September 1604, d. at Rome on 11 January… -
Ludovico da Fossombrone
LUDOVICO DA FOSSOMBRONE. - Of the noble Tenaglia family, from 1526 promoter and first organizer of the Franciscan reform of the Friars… -
Ludovico III, King of Provence, Roman Emperor (LUDOVICO III, RE DI PROVENZA, IMPERATORE ROMANO)
LUDOVICO III, King of Provence, Roman Emperor. - Born in 882, died on 5 July 928. He belonged to the Carolingian family, being the son of… -
Ludovico IV of Bavaria, Emperor (LUDOVICO IV DI BAVIERA, IMPERATORE)
LUDOVICO IV OF BAVARIA, Emperor. - On the death of Henry VII (24 Aug. 1313) the electors of the Empire divided between Louis of Bavaria,… -
Ludovico the Pious, King of the Franks, Emperor (LUDOVICO IL PIO, RE DEI FRANCHI, IMPERATORE)
LUDOVICO THE PIOUS, King of the Franks, Emperor. - The dominant characteristics of the character and reign of the son (b. at Chasseneuil in… -
Ludovisi, Ludovico
LUDOVISI, LUDOVICO. - Cardinal, b. 27 Oct. 1595 in Bologna, d. there 18 Nov. 1632. Educated in Rome at the Jesuit Collegio Germanico, he… -
Lueger, Karl
LUEGER, KARL. - Austrian politician, b. 24 Oct. 1844 in Vienna, d. there 10 March 1910. Son of a janitor at the Polytechnic, he graduated… -
Lugano, Placido
LUGANO, PLACIDO. - Olivetan Benedictine, abbot of S. Maria Nova at the Roman Forum, b. at Pozzolo Formigaro (Alessandria) on 16 May 1876,… -
Lupi, Ignazio, detto Da Bergamo
LUPI, IGNAZIO, called DA BERGAMO - Canonist, b. 10 February 1585, entered the Reformed Friars Minor on 11 February 1603, d. at Bergamo on 6… -
Lütolf, Alois
LÜTOLF, ALOIS. - Swiss historian, b. 23 July 1824 at Gettnau (canton of Lucerne), d. 18 Apr. 1879 at Lucerne. A priest in 1850, he was a… -
Luzio, Alessandro
LUZIO, ALESSANDRO. - Historian, b. at S. Severino Marche on 25 Sept. 1857, d. at Mantua on 22 Aug. 1946. He devoted himself to political… -
Luzzago, Alessandro
LUZZAGO, ALESSANDRO. - A Brescian nobleman, one of the most significant figures of the Catholic Reformation in Brescia, b. in October 1551,… -
Macarius (Ivanov) (MACARIO (IVANOV))
MACARIUS (IVANOV). - Russian monk of the Optina pustyn near Kozelsk, b. in 1788, d. on September 19 (the 7th according to the old style),… -
Macchi, Vincenzo
MACCHI, VINCENZO. - Cardinal, b. at Capodimonte, diocese of Montefiascone, on 31 Aug. 1770, d. at Rome on 30 Sept. 1860. Attached to the… -
Macedo, Francesco
MACEDO, FRANCESCO. - Friar Minor, theologian, also called of St. Augustine. Born in Coimbra in 1596, died in Padua on 1 May 1681. Having… -
MacHale, John (MAC HALE, JOHN)
MACHALE, JOHN. - Irish prelate, b. 6 March 1791 at Tobbernavine, d. 7 Nov. 1881 at Tuam. He studied at the College of Maynooth and, having… -
Machiavelli, Niccolò
MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLÒ. - Writer and politician, b. 3 May 1469 in Florence, d. there 22 June 1527. I. LIFE AND WORKS. - The label of… -
Machiavellism (MACHIAVELLISMO)
MACHIAVELLISM. - The term "M.," which has now entered, after centuries of customary use, even into political lexicons, has stimulated… -
Macinghi Strozzi, Alessandra
MACINGHI STROZZI, ALESSANDRA. - Noblewoman, b. in Florence in 1407, d. there on 11 March 1471. At the age of 16 she married Matteo Strozzi,… -
Madruzzo, Cristoforo
MADRUZZO, CRISTOFORO. - Cardinal and prince-bishop of Trent, b. at Castel Nano in Val di Non on July 5, 1512, d. at Tivoli on July 5, 1578.… -
Madruzzo, Ludovico (MADRUZZO, LODOVICO)
MADRUZZO, LUDOVICO. - Cardinal and prince-bishop of Trent, b. in Trent in 1532, d. in Rome on 2 April 1600. Nephew of Cardinal Cristoforo… -
Maffei, Bernardino
MAFFEI, BERNARDINO. - Cardinal, b. in Bergamo in 1514, d. in Rome on 1 August 1553. He studied law in Padua and became secretary of… -
Maffei, Giampietro
MAFFEI, GIAMPIETRO. - Jesuit, humanist and historiographer, b. in Bergamo in 1535, d. in Tivoli (Rome) on 21 Oct. 1603. Already a professor… -
Mafriano
MAFRIANO. - A high dignitary of the Jacobite Church. In Syriac, m. means "he who bears fruit," and the title was applied to the dignity… -
Magellan, Ferdinand (MAGELLANO, FERDINANDO)
MAGELLAN, FERDINAND. - In Portuguese Fernão de Magalhães, Portuguese navigator, b. in 1480 at Villa de Sabrosa in the province of… -
Magliabechi, Antonio
MAGLIABECHI, ANTONIO. - Scholar and bibliophile, b. in Florence on 28 Oct. 1633, d. there on 27 June 1714. Devoting himself to scholarly… -
Magna Carta Libertatum (MAGNA CHARTA LIBERTATUM)
MAGNA CARTA LIBERTATUM. - This name designates the basic act of English constitutional life issued by King John Lackland on June 19, 1215,… -
Magnan, Dominique
MAGNAN, DOMINIQUE. - Minim friar, archaeologist and numismatist, b. at Reillanne, in Provence, on 29 May 1731, d. at Florence on 7 Sept.… -
Magnentius (Flavius Magnus Magnentius), Roman Emperor (MAGNENZIO (FLAVIUS MAGNUS MAGNENTIUS) IMPERATORE ROMANO)
MAGNENTIUS (Flavius Magnus Magnentius), Roman Emperor. - Of barbarian origin, probably Germanic, having risen to high ranks in the… -
Magri (Latin: Macer, Macri), Domenico (MAGRI (LAT. MACER, MACRI), DOMENICO)
MAGRI (Latin: Macer, Macri), Domenico. - Theologian and exegete of the Oratory, b. at Valletta (Malta) on 28 March 1604, d. on 4 March… -
Mahdi
MAHDI. - As a religious concept, v. ISLÂM; for the leader of the anti-English revolution in Egypt v. EGITTO. -
Maillard, Olivier
MAILLARD, OLIVIER. - Franciscan, b. at Juigné, in Brittany, ca. 1430, d. at Toulouse on 22 July 1502. He took the habit in the Observant… -
Maimbourg, Louis
MAIMBOURG, LOUIS. - Jesuit, preacher and historian, b. at Nancy on 10 Jan. 1610, d. at Paris on 13 Aug. 1686. After 16 years of teaching… -
Maintenon, Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de (MAINTENON, FRANÇOISE D'AUBIGNÉ, MARCHESA DI)
MAINTENON, Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de. - Favourite and (from 1684) morganatic wife > (from Coiret, La littérature religieuse de… -
Maistre, Joseph de
MAISTRE, JOSEPH de. - Thinker, polemicist and writer, b. at Chambéry on 1 April 1753, d. at Turin on 26 February 1821. Educated "in the… -
Malabaresi
MALABARESI. - This is the name given to the Christians of the Syro-Oriental rite inhabiting the southwestern coast of India called Malabar,… -
Malalas, John (Syriac Malalā = 'Rhetor') (GIOVANNI MALALAS (SIRIACO MALALĀ = «RETORE»))
MALALAS, John (Syriac Malalā = 'Rhetor'). - In the 6th century he wrote a Chronography that had great influence on Byzantine… -
Malankaresi
MALANKARESI. - The word is in itself synonymous with Malabaresi, but it is used to mean the Catholics of the Syro-Western rite of the… -
Malaspina, Alessandro di Mulazzo
MALASPINA, ALESSANDRO di MULAZZO. - Navigator, b. in 1754 at Mulazzo in Lunigiana, he entered the service of the Spanish navy and, after a… -
Malatesta, Family (MALATESTA, FAMIGLIA)
MALATESTA, FAMILY. - The oldest document of the M. concerns a purchase of property made in 1136 by a M. In 1197 GIANNI of M. and other… -
Malinovskij, Nikolaj Platonovič (MALINOVSKIJ, NIKOLAJ PLATONOVÍČ)
MALINOVSKIJ, NIKOLAJ PLATONOVIČ. - Russian theologian, son of a priest, d. January 28 (old style) 1917 in the diocese of Vologda, where he… -
Mallinckrodt, Hermann von
MALLINCKRODT, HERMANN von. - German politician, b. 5 Feb. 1821 at Minden (Westphalia), d. 26 May 1874 at Berlin. His father was Protestant,… -
Mal'tsev, Aleksej Petrovič
MAL'TSEV, ALEKSEJ PETROVIČ. - Russian liturgical theologian, archpriest. B. in 1854, d. in 1915. Master of theology at the Ecclesiastical… -
Malvestiti, Maurizio
MALVESTITI, MAURIZIO. - Franciscan, b. at Verolanuova (Brescia) on 17 Feb. 1778, d. at Brescia on 25 March 1865. Having entered the… -
Malvezzi, Vincenzo
MALVEZZI, VINCENZO. - Cardinal, b. in Bologna on 22 Feb. 1715, d. at Cento on 3 Dec. 1775. Created archbishop of Bologna and cardinal by… -
Mamachi, Tommaso Maria
MAMACHI, TOMMASO MARIA. - Dominican theologian and historian, b. on the island of Chios on 3 Dec. 1713, d. at Corneto Tarquinia (today… -
Mambrini, Domenico
MAMBRINI, DOMENICO. - Archpriest of Galeata (province of Forlì, diocese of S. Sepolcro), born there on 19 Dec. 1879, died on 1 Dec. 1944. A… -
Mamikonian
MAMIKONIAN. - An illustrious family of Armenian princes, to whom the protection of the crown was entrusted. It gave not only heroes to the… -
Manegoldo di Lautenbach (Manegoldus, Monigoldus, Maingundus de Lutenbach, Liutenbach) (MANEGOLDO DI LAUTENBACH (MANEGOLDUS, MANEGOLDUS, MONIGOLDUS, MAINGUNDUS DE LUTENBACH, LIUTENBACH, LIUTENBACH))
MANEGOLDO of LAUTENBACH (Manegoldus, Manegoldus, Monigoldus, Maingundus DE LUTENBACH, LIUTENBACH, LIUTENBACH). - Augustinian theologian and… -
Manetti, Giannozzo
MANETTI, GIANNOZZO. - Politician and humanist, b. in Florence on 5 June 1396, d. in Naples on 25 Oct. 1459. From commercial studies and… -
Manfredi, Galeotto, Signore of Faenza (MANFREDI, GALEOTTO, SIGNORE DI FAENZA)
MANFREDI, Galeotto, Signore of Faenza. - Born in Faenza in 1440 to Astorgio II, lord of the city, died there on 31 May 1488. In 1468, when… -
Manfred, King of Sicily (MANFREDI, RE DI SICILIA)
MANFRED, KING OF SICILY. - Born ca. 1232, died 26 February 1266. Natural son of Frederick II and of a marchioness Lancia of Lombardy. He… -
Manin, Daniele
MANIN, DANIELE. - Patriot and statesman, b. in Venice on 13 May 1804, d. in Paris on 22 Sept. 1857. He devoted himself to legal, historical… -
Mansi, Giovanni Domenico
MANSI, GIOVANNI DOMENICO. - Cleric Regular of the Mother of God, b. at Lucca on 16 February 1692; d. there on 27 September 1769. A… -
Manuel II Palaiologos (MANUELE II PALEOLOGO)
MANUEL II PALAIOLOGOS. - Born in Constantinople in 1350, died there on 21 July 1425. Byzantine emperor, he reigned from 1391. A theologian… -
Manuel I Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium (MANUELE I COMMENO, IMPERATORE DI BISANZIO)
MANUEL I KOMNENOS, Emperor of Byzantium. - Son of John Komnenos and of Piriska (Irene), a Hungarian princess; he ruled the empire from 1143… -
Manuel of Corinth (MANUELE DI CORINTO)
MANUEL OF CORINTH. - Byzantine orator and theologian, b. ca. 1460, d. ca. 1550. He lived for almost 70 years in the service of the… -
Manzella, Giovanni Battista
MANZELLA, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Missionary of St. Vincent, apostle of Sardinia, b. at Soncino (Cremona) on 21 Jan. 1855, d. at Sassari on 23… -
Marabotto, Cattaneo
MARABOTTO, CATTANEO. - A Genoese priest, of a noble family (R. Sopranis [v. bibl.], p. 17) and of holy life, d. in 1528. In 1504 he was… -
Marca, Pierre de
MARCA, PIERRE de. - Bishop, b. at Gan (Basses-Pyrénées) on 24 January 1594. After a brilliant political career in his country, having been… -
Marchiafava, Ettore
MARCHIAFAVA, ETTORE. - Scientist, pathologist, clinician and humanist, b. in Rome on 3 Jan. 1847, d. there on 25 Oct. 1935. In 1871 he… -
Marchisio, Clemente
MARCHISIO, CLEMENTE. - Priest, founder of the Daughters of St. Joseph, b. at Racconigi (Turin) on 1 March 1833, d. at Rivalba Torinese on… -
Marcia
MARCIA. - Favorite of the emperor Commodus from 183, after having been the concubine of Ummidius Quadratus, nephew of Marcus Aurelius.… -
Marcian, Emperor of the East (MARCIANO, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE)
MARCIAN, EMPEROR OF THE EAST. - Born perhaps in Thrace around 390, of humble condition, he opened a path for himself, as was then… -
Marcomanni
MARCOMANNI. - A Germanic population whose history can be traced during the Roman Empire. The etymology of the name is universally accepted… -
Marco y Catalan, Juan-Francisco
MARCO Y CATALAN, JUAN-FRANCISCO. - Cardinal, b. at Bello (Saragossa), 24 Oct. 1771, d. at Rome 15 March 1841. Appointed archpriest of the… -
Margaret of Parma (MARGHERITA DI PARMA)
MARGARET OF PARMA. - Daughter of Charles V, born at Audenarde in 1522, died at Ortona on 18 January 1586. In 1536 she married Duke… -
Margotti, Giacomo
MARGOTTI, GIACOMO. - Priest and journalist, b. at San Remo on 11 May 1823, d. at Turin on 6 May 1887. The life of don M. is indissolubly… -
Maria Beatrice D'Este, Queen Of England (MARIA BEATRICE D'ESTE, REGINA D'INGHILTERRA)
MARIA BEATRICE D'ESTE, Queen Of England. - Born in 1658, died at St-Germain-en-Laye in 1718. Daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena, in… -
Maria Carolina of Habsburg-Lorraine, Queen of Naples and Sicily (MARIA CAROLINA D'ASBURGO-LORENA, REGINA DI NAPOLI E SICILIA)
MARIA CAROLINA OF HABSBURG-LORRAINE, Queen of Naples and Sicily. - B. at Schönbrunn (Vienna) on 13 Aug. 1752, d. there on 8 Sept. 1814.… -
Maria Clotilde Of Savoy-Bonaparte (MARIA CLOTILDE DI SAVOIA-BONAPARTE)
MARIA CLOTILDE OF SAVOY-BONAPARTE. - Daughter of Victor Emmanuel II and of Maria Adelaide of Austria, b. in Turin on 2 March 1843, d. at… -
Maria Consiglio (CONSIGLIO, MARIA)
MARIA CONSIGLIO. - In religion Maria of the Holy Spirit, b. in Naples on 5 Jan. 1845, d. there on 11 Jan. 1900. Orphaned of father and… -
Maria Cristina Of Bourbon, Queen Regent Of Spain (MARIA CRISTINA DI BORBONE, REGINA REGGENTE DI SPAGNA)
MARIA CRISTINA OF BOURBON, QUEEN REGENT OF SPAIN. - B. in Naples on 27 Apr. 1806, d. at Ste-Adresse on 23 Aug. 1878. Daughter of Francis of… -
Maria II of Braganza (Maria da Glória), Queen of Portugal (MARIA II DI BRAGANZA (MARIA DA GLORIA), REGINA DI PORTOGALLO)
MARIA II OF BRAGANZA (Maria da Glória), Queen of Portugal. - B. in Rio de Janeiro on 4 April 1819, d. in Lisbon on 15 Nov. 1853. M. of… -
Mariano Da Fermo
MARIANO DA FERMO. - Camaldolese ascetic, b. 8 Dec. 1775 at Carassai in the Piceno, d. 19 Sept. 1854. At the age of twenty he entered the… -
Mariano Da Florence (MARIANO DA FIRENZE)
MARIANO DA FLORENCE. - Franciscan, theologian and historian, b. in Florence, probably in 1477, d. there, in the Ospedale del Ceppo while… -
Maria Theresa Of Austria, Empress (MARIA TERESA DI ASBURGO, IMPERATRICE)
MARIA THERESA OF AUSTRIA, Empress. - B. in Vienna on 13 May 1717, d. there on 29 Nov. 1780. Daughter and heiress of Emperor Charles VI, she… -
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (MARIA ANTONIETTA, REGINA DI FRANCIA)
MARIE ANTOINETTE, Queen of France. - Daughter of Francis of Lorraine and Maria Theresa of Habsburg, b. in Vienna on Nov. 2, 1755. In 1770… -
Marie de' Medici, Queen of France (MARIA DE' MEDICI, REGINA DI FRANCIA)
MARIE DE' MEDICI, Queen of France. - B. in Florence on 26 Apr. 1573. Daughter of Francesco II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and of Joanna of… -
Marilley, Étienne (MARILLEY, ETIENNE)
MARILLEY, ÉTIENNE. - Prelate, b. 29 Oct. 1804 at Châtel-St-Denis (diocese of Lausanne), d. 17 Jan. 1889. A priest in 1831, in 1835 director… -
Marini, Leonardo
MARINI, LEONARDO. - Dominican bishop and theologian, b. on Chios in 1509, d. in Rome on 11 June 1573. Having entered (M. Marini, Aneddoti… -
Marini, Niccolò
MARINI, NICCOLÒ. - Born in Rome on 20 Aug. 1843, died there on 27 July 1923. Having earned degrees in philosophy and theology and in… -
Marin, Michel-Ange
MARIN, MICHEL-ANGE. - Writer and historian of the Minims, b. at Marseille on 23 Dec. 1697, d. there on 3 Apr. 1767. Having entered the… -
Marín-Sola, Francisco (MARIN-SOLA, FRANCESCO)
MARÍN-SOLA, FRANCISCO. - Dominican theologian, b. at Carcar (Spain) on 22 Nov. 1873, d. at Manila on 5 June 1932. Having landed in the… -
Mario Da Mercato Saraceno
MARIO da MERCATO SARACENO. - The first Capuchin historiographer, born in 1512-13 to the noble Fabiani family, died at Tolentino in 1581.… -
Mariotte, Edmé
MARIOTTE, EDMÉ. - Physicist, b. at Dijon ca. 1620, d. at Paris on 12 May 1684; prior at St-Martin-sous-Beaune (Dijon). Having learned,… -
Mark Ibn al-Kanbar (MARCO IBN AL-KANBAR)
MARK IBN AL-KANBAR. - Coptic priest, d. 1208. He maintained the necessity of auricular confession against the abuse of the so-called… -
Mark of Aviano (MARCO D'AVIANO)
MARK OF AVIANO. - Capuchin, b. at Aviano on 17 Nov. 1631, d. at Vienna on 13 Aug. 1699. Ordained a priest, he devoted himself to preaching,… -
Marković, Giovanni
MARKOVIĆ, GIOVANNI. - Franciscan, b. at Sinj in Dalmatia on 23 Oct. 1839, d. there on 22 Oct. 1910. A priest in 1866, he was professor of… -
Marmaggi, Francesco
MARMAGGI, FRANCESCO. - Cardinal, b. in Rome on 31 Aug. 1876, d. there on 3 Nov. 1949. Of a humble Trastevere family, ordained a priest in… -
Marongio-Delrio, Diego
MARONGIO-DELRIO, DIEGO. - Archbishop of Sassari, b. at Bannari on 13 Sept. 1819, d. at Sassari on 5 Oct. 1905. A distinguished canonist and… -
Marongio-Nurra, Emanuele
MARONGIO-NURRA, EMANUELE. - Archbishop of Cagliari, b. at Bessude on 28 March 1794, d. at Cagliari on 12 Sept. 1866. Formerly rector of the… -
Maronites (MARONITI)
MARONITES. - A Christian people of Syrian origin, distributed especially in the Republic of Lebanon, in Syria, Palestine, Cyprus and Egypt.…