History & Biography
Storia, Storici E Biografie Varie · 3,273 articles · Principal contributors · All subjects-
Hyksos
HYKSOS. - With this term (Yakāc) Manetho designates the chieftains of Asiatic tribes who invaded Egypt at the end of the Middle Kingdom,… -
Iajo (Le Jay), Claudio (IAJO (LE JAV), CLAUDIO)
IAJO (LE JAY), CLAUDIO. - Theologian, controversialist, b. around 1500 at Mieussy (Savoy), d. at Vienna, in Austria, on 6 Aug. 1552. Having… -
Ibrišimović, Luka (IBRIŠIMOVIĆ, LUCA)
IBRIŠIMOVIĆ, LUKA. - Franciscan, Croatian national hero, b. at Požega in 1620, d. there in 1698. A defender of the Christian people of… -
Ildibad, King Of The Goths Of Italy (ILDIBADO, RE GOTO D'ITALIA)
ILDIBAD, King Of The Goths Of Italy. - After Ravenna fell into the hands of the Byzantines through the action of Belisarius in May 540, the… -
Ilduin, Abbot of St-Denis (ILDUINO, ABATE DI ST-DENIS)
ILDUIN, Abbot of St-Denis. - Born of a noble family in the second half of the 8th century, died on 22 November 844. He completed his… -
Illuminati
ILLUMINATI. - A secret society with an ethico-political-religious basis, founded in Germany in the Bavarian city of Ingolstadt on 1 May… -
Illustrious Men (UOMINI ILLUSTRI)
ILLUSTRIOUS MEN. - Mention should be made of the blessed Cristoforo Maccasoglio of the Franciscan convent of the Grazie; the blessed… -
Imam
IMAM. - An Arabic term, from the root 'mm ("to direct oneself toward a place," "to march at the head"), meaning "guide," antistes. In… -
Imbart de La Tour, Pierre-Gilbert-Jean-Marie
IMBART DE LA TOUR, PIERRE-GILBERT-JEAN-MARIE. - French historian, b. 22 Aug. 1860 at Valenton (Seine-et-Oise), d. 18 Dec. 1925 in Paris. A… -
Infessura, Stefano
INFESSURA, STEFANO. - Chronicler, born in Rome to a family of the minor nobility living in the Trevi district in the first half of the 15th… -
Ingoli, Francesco
INGOLI, FRANCESCO. - Priest, born in Ravenna on 21 Nov. 1578 to a distinguished family, died in Rome on 29 Apr. 1649. He studied at Padua,… -
Inmarus, Archbishop of Reims (INCMARO, ARCIVESCOVO DI REIMS)
INMARUS, Archbishop of Reims. - Born ca. 806, of a noble Frankish family, died on 21 December 882 at Epernay during the flight from the… -
Innocentian Curia (CURIA INNOCENZIANA)
INNOCENTIAN CURIA. - Innocent XII, after having abolished various privileged judicatures by the constitution Romanus Pontifex curae of 17… -
Institoris, Heinrich (Henricus de Slectat)
INSTITORIS, HEINRICH (Henricus de Slectat). - Dominican theologian, b. at Schlettstadt ca. 1430, d. in Moravia in 1505. He was teaching… -
Invention of the Holy Cross (INVENZIONE DELLA SANTA CROCE)
INVENTION OF THE HOLY CROSS. - The reliable information about the wood of the Cross goes back to the middle of the 4th century. St. Cyril… -
Investitures, Investiture Controversy (INVESTITURE, LOTTA DELLE)
INVESTITURES, Investiture Controversy. - It is the struggle between the Roman Church and the Empire over the conferral of ecclesiastical… -
Iorga, Nicolae
IORGA, NICOLAE. - Historian, b. at Botosani on June 5, 1871, murdered in the forest of Pantelimon (Bucharest) on Nov. 28, 1940. The figure… -
Ireland, John
IRELAND, JOHN. - The most popular of the American bishops, alongside Card. Gibbons, b. at Burnchurch (Ireland) on Sept. 11, 1838, d. at St.… -
Isaac II Angelos, Emperor of the East (ISACCO II, ANGELO, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE)
ISAAC II ANGELOS, Emperor of the East. - He was emperor twice, from 1185 to 1195 and, with the help of the Latins, from Aug. 1203 until… -
ISABELLA II, QUEEN OF SPAIN (ISABELLA II, REGINA DI SPAGNA)
ISABELLA II, QUEEN OF SPAIN. - B. 10 Oct. 1830 in Madrid, d. 9 Apr. 1904 in Paris. Daughter of Ferdinand VII and Maria Christina, she lost… -
Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Castile (ISABELLA LA CATTOLICA, REGINA DI CASTIGLIA)
ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC, Queen of Castile. - Born 22 Apr. 1451 at Madrigal de las Altas Torres, died 26 Nov. 1504 at Medina del Campo.… -
Isenburg, Diether von
ISENBURG, DIETHER von. - Archbishop of Mainz, b. in 1412, d. on 7 May 1482 at Aschaffenburg. Elected archbishop of Mainz in 1459, he did… -
Isnard, Étienne (ISNARD, ETIENNE)
ISNARD, ÉTIENNE. - Theologian, canonist and historian, b. at Toulon on 17 Jan. 1578, d. there on 24 Oct. 1656. He entered the Order of… -
Išoʿjahb II (IŠŌ'JAHB II)
IŠOʿJAHB II. - Nestorian Katholikos, b. at Gēdālā, consecrated in 628 and d. between 643 and 644. In a time troubled by the wars between… -
Istria
ISTRIA. - I. HISTORY. - The characteristic inhabited sites in prehistoric Istria are the castellieri, which appear in the Bronze Age; they… -
Italian Risorgimento (RISORGIMENTO ITALIANO)
ITALIAN RISORGIMENTO. - The very term R. brings us back to the literary and > (photo National Photo Cabinet) > RISORGIMENTO ITALIANO - A… -
Italo-Albanians (ITALO-ALBANESI)
ITALO-ALBANIANS. - This is the name given to those Italian citizens who live in the municipalities (more than a hundred) whose Albanian… -
Iturbide, Agustín (ITURBIDE, AUGUSTIN)
ITURBIDE, AGUSTÍN. - Emperor of Mexico, b. 27 Sept. 1783 at Valladolid (present-day Morelia), d. 19 July 1824 at Padilla. Having entered… -
Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow and All Russia (IVAN III, GRANDUCA DI MOSCOVIA E DI TUTTE LE RUSSIE)
IVAN III, Grand Duke of Moscow and All Russia. - The name of this sovereign is identified with Russia's rise at the turn of the fifteenth… -
Ivan IV, The Terrible (IVAN IV, IL TERRIBILE)
IVAN IV, The Terrible. - Born in 1533, died in 1584, he was crowned tsar by his metropolitan Macarius (v.) in 1547 without the prior… -
Ivantsov-Platonov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich (IVANTSOV-PLATONOV, ALEKSANDR MICHAJLOVIČ)
IVANTSOV-PLATONOV, ALEKSANDR MIKHAILOVICH. - Born in 1835, died in 1894, archpriest, noted Russian historian and churchman. A doctor of… -
Jacobini, Domenico
JACOBINI, DOMENICO. - Cardinal, born in Rome on 3 September 1837, died there on 3 February 1900. Ordained a priest, he carried on a notable… -
Jacobins (GIACOBINI)
JACOBINS. - The Jacobin club was, among the societies and political groups that arose during the French Revolution, one of the most… -
Jaffé, Philipp
JAFFÉ, PHILIPP. - Distinguished historian and critic, b. at Schwersenz (Posen) on 17 Feb. 1819, d. by suicide at Wittenberge on 3 Apr.… -
Jahballaha I (JAHBALLĀHĀ I)
JAHBALLAHA I. - Catholicos of the Church of Persia (415-20). In 418 he went to Constantinople as ambassador of King Yazdegerd I. In 419 a… -
Jahballaha III (JAHBALLĀHĀ III)
JAHBALLAHA III. - Nestorian catholicos from 1281 to 1317, a Mongol, born at Kuoseng in 1244. He lived as a monk in a monastery near… -
James II, King of England (GIACOMO II, RE D'INGHILTERRA)
JAMES II, King of England. - B. in London on 15 Oct. 1633, d. at St. Germain on 17 Sept. 1701. The second son of Charles I, he was taken… -
James I, King of England (GIACOMO I, RE D'INGHILTERRA)
JAMES I, King of England. - Sixth king of Scotland, b. at Edinburgh on 19 June 1566, d. at Theobalds on 27 March 1625. Only son of Mary… -
James of Ascoli (GIACOMO D'ASCOLI)
JAMES OF ASCOLI. - Minorite theologian, b. in the last decades of the 13th century. He studied in Paris and in 1309 is remembered among the… -
James of Jüterbog (GIACOMO DI JÜTERBOG)
JAMES OF JÜTERBOG. - Born in 1381 in the surroundings of Jüterbog near Berlin, the son of a poor peasant; his name was Benedikt… -
James of Lilienstein (GIACOMO DI LILIENSTEIN)
JAMES OF LILIENSTEIN. - Dominican theologian of the early 16th century. A professor of theology at the philosophical-theological academy of… -
James of Molay (GIACOMO DI MOLAY)
JAMES OF MOLAY. - Last Grand Master of the Order of the Templars. Born probably near Cintrey (Haute-Saône) around 1244. Admitted into the… -
James of Vitry (GIACOMO DI VITRY)
JAMES OF VITRY. - Cardinal, famous preacher and writer, b. around 1170 at Vitry in France, perhaps at Vitry-sur-Seine, d. at Rome on 1 May… -
James V, King of Scotland (GIACOMO V, RE DI SCOZIA)
JAMES V, King of Scotland. - Born at Linlithgow on 10 April 1512, died at Falkland on 12 December 1542. After the regency of his mother he… -
Jandel, Alexandre-Vincent
JANDEL, ALEXANDRE-VINCENT. - Master General of the Dominicans, b. at Gerbévilliers (Lorraine) on 10 July 1810, d. at Rome on 11 Dec. 1872.… -
Janet, Pierre
JANET, PIERRE. - Physiologist and psychologist, nephew of Paul J., b. in Paris on 30 May 1859, d. there on 23 Feb. 1947. Director of the… -
Jann, Adelhelm da Stans
JANN, ADELHELM DA STANS. - Swiss Capuchin historian, b. in the village of Alpnach on 21 Feb. 1876, d. in Lucerne on 30 Dec. 1945. He… -
Jansen, Cornelius (Kornelius) (GIANSENIO (JANSENS), CORNELIO (KORNELIUS))
JANSEN, Cornelius (Kornelius). - Flemish theologian and exegete b. at Hulst in 1510, d. at Ghent on 11 April 1576. Educated at the… -
Janski, Bogdan
JANSKI, BOGDAN. - Born at Ciechanowiec (Poland), 27 March 1807, died at Rome 2 July 1840. After completing his early studies at Pultusk, he… -
Janssen, Arnold
JANSSEN, ARNOLD. - Founder of the Society of the Divine Word, b. at Goch (Rhineland) on 5 Nov. 1837; d. at Steyl (Holland) on 15 Jan. 1909.… -
Janssen, Johannes
JANSSEN, JOHANNES. - Historian, b. 10 April 1829 at Xanten, d. 24 December 1891 at Frankfurt am Main. He completed his studies at the… -
Janssens, Aloysius (JANSSENS, ALOISIUS)
JANSSENS, ALOYSIUS. - Belgian theologian, missionary of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Scheut), considered the greatest… -
Janssens, François Elinga
JANSSENS, FRANÇOIS ELINGA. - Dominican theologian and polemicist, b. at Bruges ca. 1635, d. there on 22 Nov. 1715. A religious in his… -
Janssens, Henri (in religion Laurent) (JANSSENS, HENRI (IN REL. LAURENT))
JANSSENS, Henri (in religion Laurent). - Benedictine theologian, b. at St-Nicolas (Waes) in Belgium, on 2 July 1855, d. at… -
Jaricot, Pauline-Marie
JARICOT, PAULINE-MARIE. - Foundress of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. Born in Lyon on July 22, 1799, died there on Jan. 9,… -
Jaures, Jean (JAURÈS, JEAN)
JAURES, JEAN. - Politician and historian, b. at Castres on 3 Sept. 1859, d. at Paris on 31 July 1914. Several times a deputy in Parliament,… -
Javorskiy, Stefan (JAVORSKIJ, STEFAN)
JAVORSKIY, STEFAN. — In Russian theology he represents the Catholic tendency as opposed to the Protestant one led by Feofan Prokopovich,… -
Jeanne D'Albret, Queen Of Navarre (GIOVANNA D'ALBRET, REGINA DI NAVARRA)
JEANNE D'ALBRET, QUEEN OF NAVARRE. - The last of the Albret dynasty reigning over French Navarre, J. was born at Pau on 7 January 1528: her… -
Jeannerat, Giuseppe
JEANNERAT, GIUSEPPE. - Pontifical officer, b. 31 Dec. 1813 in Switzerland, d. 27 Nov. 1897 in Bologna. He entered the service of the… -
Jeiler, Ignaz
JEILER, IGNAZ. - Franciscan theologian and medievalist, b. at Havixbeck in Westphalia on 4 Dec. 1823, d. at Quaracchi on 4 Dec. 1904. He… -
Jelenić, Julijan
JELENIĆ, JULIJAN. - Franciscan historian, b. at Riječane in Bosnia on 29 Aug. 1877, d. on 5 Aug. 1931. A priest in 1903, he was appointed… -
Jeningen, Philipp
JENINGEN, PHILIPP. - German Jesuit, b. at Eichstätt on 5 Jan. 1642, d. in the reputation of sanctity at Ellwangen (Württemberg) on 8 Feb.… -
Jenzenstein (Jenstein), Jana Di
JENZENSTEIN (JENSTEIN), JANA di. - Archbishop of Prague, b. in 1350, d. in 1400. After completing his studies at Padua, Bologna and Paris… -
Jeremias II Tranos, Patriarch of Constantinople (GEREMIA II TRANOS, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
JEREMIAS II TRANOS, Patriarch of Constantinople. - He was patriarch in the following years: 1572-79, 1580-84, 1589-95. On the occasion of… -
Jerome of the Mother of God (GIROLAMO DELLA MADRE DI DIO)
JEROME OF THE MOTHER OF GOD. - Discalced Carmelite, in the world G. García (which a defective pronunciation changed to Gracián), b. at… -
Jevons, William Stanley
JEVONS, WILLIAM STANLEY. - English philosopher and economist, b. at Liverpool on 1 Sept. 1835, d. drowned at Galley Hill, near Hastings, on… -
Jhering, Rudolf Von
JHERING, RUDOLF von. - Jurist, b. at Aurich on 22 Aug. 1818, d. at Göttingen on 17 Sept. 1892. After studying at various universities, he… -
Joachim Murat, King of Naples (GIOACHINO MURAT, RE DI NAPOLI)
JOACHIM MURAT, King of Naples. - B. March 25, 1767 at La Bastide Fortunière, d. Oct. 13, 1815 at Pizzo in Calabria. Destined by his parents… -
Joanna the Mad, Queen of Castile and Aragon (GIOVANNA, LA PAZZA, REGINA DI CASTIGLIA E D'ARAGONA)
JOANNA THE MAD, Queen of Castile and Aragon. - B. in 1479 at Toledo, d. 12 April 1555 at Tordesillas. Daughter of Ferdinand II the… -
Johannes Hispanus (Aren Darut) (GIOVANNI, AREN DARUT (JOHANNES HISPANUS))
JOHANNES HISPANUS (Aren Darut). - Medieval translator, often confused with G. of Seville (v.). His name is linked to the translation of the… -
John Albert, King of Poland (GIOVANNI ALBERTO, RE DI POLONIA)
JOHN ALBERT, King of Poland. - Third-born son of Casimir IV, King of Poland (b. 1459), in 1490 he contended with his elder brother… -
John Canaparius (GIOVANNI CANAPARIO)
JOHN CANAPARIUS. - Historian. Of a noble Roman family, born around the middle of the 10th century, he spent his youth between worldly… -
John, Deacon (GIOVANNI, DIACONO)
JOHN, DEACON. - Neapolitan chronicler, who lived in the second half of the 9th century and the early years of the 10th. He was rector of… -
John III Sobieski, King of Poland (GIOVANNI III SOBIESKI, RE DI POLONIA)
JOHN III SOBIESKI, King of Poland. - B. at Olesko (Lviv) on 2 June 1624. His eminent family position - he was the son of Jakób, first se- >… -
John of Austria (GIOVANNI D'AUSTRIA)
JOHN OF AUSTRIA. - Natural son of Charles V and Barbara Blomberg, b. at Regensburg, his mother's city, on 24 Feb. 1545, d. near Namur on 1… -
John of Baconthorp (Bacone) (GIOVANNI DA BACONTHORP (BACONE))
JOHN OF BACONTHORP (BACONE). - Carmelite theologian, b. in the county of Norfolk ca. 1280, d. ca. 1348. He studied at Oxford under Robert… -
John of Burgh (Johannes de Burgo) (GIOVANNI DI BURGH (JOHANNES DE BURGO))
JOHN OF BURGH (Johannes de Burgo). - Theologian of the 14th century. In 1384 he was appointed rector of the University of Cambridge; and… -
John of Ephesus (GIOVANNI DI EFESO)
JOHN OF EPHESUS. - So called because he worked mostly in Ephesus, but he was born in Amida (Syria) at the beginning of the 6th century and… -
John of Faenza (Ioannes Faventinus) (GIOVANNI DA FAENZA (IOANNES FAVENTINUS))
JOHN OF FAENZA (Ioannes Faventinus). - One of the greatest glossators of Gratian's Decretum, d. after 1220. The dates of his birth and… -
John of Giscala (GIOVANNI DI GISCALA)
JOHN OF GISCALA. - Jewish warrior, b. at Giscala (now el-Ciè), northwest of the Sea of Galilee. Animated by a deep anti-Roman hatred, he… -
John of Grado (da Gradi) (GIOVANNI DE GRADIBUS (DA GRADI))
JOHN OF GRADO (DA GRADI). - Italian jurist, d. at Lyon ca. 1525. He was a renowned professor of canon and civil law, but it is not certain… -
John of Hildesheim (GIOVANNI DI HILDESHEIM)
JOHN OF HILDESHEIM. - German Carmelite of the 14th century. He studied in Paris and then held the office of prior for many years at Kassel… -
John of Legnano (GIOVANNI DA LEGNANO)
JOHN OF LEGNANO. - Jurist, b. in Milan on an uncertain date and d. in Bologna on 16 February 1383. A professor of civil law from 1350 and… -
John of Mirecourt (de Mirecuria) (GIOVANNI DI MIRECOURT (DE MIRECURIA))
JOHN OF MIRECOURT (de Mirecuria). - Cistercian scholastic (hence the appellation of monacus albus) of the first half of the fourteenth… -
John of Montesono (GIOVANNI DI MONTESONOS)
JOHN OF MONTESONO. - Dominican theologian, b. at Monzón (Aragon) around the middle of the 14th century, d. after 1412. At Barcelona in 1372… -
John of Nikiu (GIOVANNI DI NIKIU)
JOHN OF NIKIU. - Monophysite bishop of Nikiu, an island in the Nile delta, who toward the end of the 7th century wrote in Greek or in… -
John of Paris (Quidort, Lesourd, Dormiens, Surdus) (GIOVANNI DI PARIGI (QUIDORT, LESOURD, DORMIENS, SURDUS))
JOHN OF PARIS (Quidort, Lesourd, Dormiens, Surdus). - Dominican Scholastic, b. ca. 1269, d. at Bordeaux on 22 Sept. 1306. He entered the… -
John of Peterborough (GIOVANNI DI PETERBOROUGH (JOHN OF PETERBOROUGH))
JOHN OF PETERBOROUGH. - Author to whom is usually attributed the admirable Chronicon Petroburgense ab a. 654 ad a. C. 1368, contained in… -
John of Ragusa (GIOVANNI DI RAGUSA)
JOHN OF RAGUSA. - Dominican, one of the principal figures of the Council of Basel (1431-48), b. at Ragusa of the noble Stojković family ca.… -
John of Reading (GIOVANNI DE READING)
JOHN OF READING. - Franciscan theologian of the 14th century. He taught at Oxford no earlier than the year 1319, then moved to Avignon,… -
John of Saint Thomas (GIOVANNI DI SAN TOMMASO)
JOHN OF SAINT THOMAS. - Dominican theologian, b. in Lisbon of the noble Poinso family on 9 July 1589, d. at Fraga (Aragon) on 15 June 1644.… -
John of Salisbury (GIOVANNI DI SALISBURY)
JOHN OF SALISBURY. - Medieval scholastic, a complex figure of philosopher, historian and humanist, b. in Salisbury ca. 1110-20, d. at… -
John of Seville (Johannes Hispalensis) (GIOVANNI DI SIVIGLIA (JOHANNES HISPALENSIS))
JOHN OF SEVILLE (Johannes Hispalensis). - Christian astronomer and mathematician, active in Andalusia in the first half of the 12th century… -
John of Wesalia (Johann von Wesel) (GIOVANNI DI VESALIA (JOHANN VON WESEL))
JOHN OF WESALIA (Johann von Wesel). - Theologian, whose real name was Johann Rucherath or Richerath, b. at Oberwesel in the early 15th… -
John Plantagenet, Lackland, King of England (GIOVANNI PLANTAGENETO, SENZA TERRA, RE D'INGHILTERRA)
JOHN PLANTAGENET, Lackland, King of England. - B. 24 (?) Dec. 1167 at Oxford, d. 19 Oct. 1216 at Newark. Son of Henry II (v.), brother and… -
John the Deacon, called Hymonides (GIOVANNI DIACONO, DETTO HYMONIDES)
JOHN THE DEACON, called Hymonides. - B. c. 825, d. before 882. A monk of Monte Cassino, a friend of Anastasius Bibliothecarius, he had… -
John VIII Palaiologos, Emperor of Byzantium (GIOVANNI VIII PALEOLOGO, IMPERATORE DI BISANZIO)
JOHN VIII PALAIOLOGOS, Emperor of Byzantium. - Son of Manuel II Palaiologos, b. in 1383, colleague of his father on the throne, he… -
John VI of Draskhanakert (GIOVANNI VI DI DRASKHANAKERT)
JOHN VI OF DRASKHANAKERT. - Famous katholikós of the Armenian Church, from 898 to 925. He governed the see very wisely during a period of… -
John XI Bekkos, Catholic Patriarch of Constantinople (GIOVANNI XI BEKKOS, PATRIARCA CATTOLICO DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
JOHN XI BEKKOS, Catholic Patriarch of Constantinople. - A descendant of a Byzantine family, born on an unknown date, he was patriarch from… -
Joinville, Jean De
JOINVILLE, JEAN de. - French statesman and historian, b. in 1224, d. on 11 July 1319. A scion of a noble family of Champagne, and invested… -
Jordan, Franz
JORDAN, FRANZ. - Priest, in religion F. Maria della Croce, b. at Gurtweil (Baden) on 16 June 1848, d. at Tafers (Switzerland) on 8 Sept.… -
Jordanis (Jordanes, Jornandes)
JORDANIS (Jordanes, Jornandes). - Historian of Gothic origin, who lived around the middle of the 6th century. He wrote in vulgar Latin, in… -
Jörg, Joseph Edmund
JÖRG, JOSEPH EDMUND. - Historian, publicist and politician, b. at Immenstadt on 23 Dec. 1819 and d. at Landshut on 18 Nov. 1901. He studied… -
Joscellino (Joslenus, Gauslenus) of Soissons (JOSCELLINO (JOSLENUS, GAUSLENUS) DI SOISSONS)
JOSCELLINO (Joslenus, Gauslenus) of Soissons. - Master of dialectic at Mont-Sainte-Geneviève in Paris, a contemporary of Abelard, d. 25… -
Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples, Then King of Spain (GIUSEPPE BONAPARTE, RE DI NAPOLI, POI RE DI SPAGNA)
JOSEPH BONAPARTE, King of Naples, Then King of Spain. - Born Jan. 7, 1768 at Corte in Corsica, d. July 28, 1844 at Florence. The elder… -
Joseph I, Emperor (GIUSEPPE I, IMPERATORE)
JOSEPH I, EMPEROR. - Born in Vienna on 26 July 1678, died there on 17 April 1711. He assumed the imperial crown upon the death of his… -
Joseph II, Emperor (GIUSEPPE II, IMPERATORE)
JOSEPH II, EMPEROR. - Born on March 16, 1741 in Vienna, died there on Feb. 20, 1790. The first male child of Grand Duke Francis I of… -
Joseph II, Patriarch of Constantinople (GIUSEPPE II, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
JOSEPH II, Patriarch of Constantinople. - Bulgarian by birth (1416), he took part in the Council of Florence. Having died before the… -
Joseph of Paris (GIUSEPPE DA PARIGI)
JOSEPH OF PARIS. - François Le Clerc du Tremblay, also known as the Gray Eminence, b. in Paris on 4 Nov. 1577, d. there on 16 Dec. 1638. Of… -
Jouffroy, Jean
JOUFFROY, JEAN. - French cardinal and politician, b. at Luxeuil around 1412, d. at Rully on 24 Nov. 1473. He studied jurisprudence at… -
Jouvancy, Joseph De
JOUVANCY, JOSEPH de. - Jesuit, philologist, pedagogue and historian, b. in Paris on 14 Sept. 1643, d. in Rome on 29 May 1719. He taught… -
Jovian (Flavius Jovianus Augustus) (GIOVIANO (FLAVIUS IOVIANUS AUGUSTUS))
GIOVIANO (Flavius Iovianus Augustus). - Roman emperor, b. at Singidunum in Moesia in 331, d. in Bithynia on 17 February 364. Son of the… -
Joyeuse, François-Henri
JOYEUSE, FRANÇOIS-HENRI. - French cardinal, b. June 24, 1562, d. Aug. 27, 1615 at Avignon. Elected archbishop of Narbonne in 1581 and… -
Juárez, Benito Pablo (JUAREZ, BENITO PABLO)
JUÁREZ, BENITO PABLO. - Mexican politician, b. 21 March 1806 at S. Pueblo Guelatao (Oaxaca), d. 18 July 1872 in Mexico City. He first… -
Judas Galileo (GIUDA GALILEO)
JUDAS GALILEO. - Leader of one of the revolts that broke out in Palestine against Roman rule, on the occasion of the census ordered by the… -
Julian the Apostate (Imp. Flavius Claudius Julianus), Roman Emperor (GIULIANO L'APOSTATA (IMP. FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS IULIANUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
JULIAN THE APOSTATE (Imp. Flavius Claudius Julianus), Roman Emperor. - B. at Constantinople in 331, d. at Ctesiphon on 27 June 363. Son of… -
Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich
JUNG-STILLING, JOHANN HEINRICH. - Pietist, b. at Grund (Hilchenbach) on Sept. 12, 1740, d. at Karlsruhe on Apr. 2, 1817. In 1787 he was… -
Justina, Roman Empress (GIUSTINA, IMPERATRICE ROMANA)
JUSTINA, ROMAN EMPRESS. - Daughter of Justus, consularis of Picenum and a relative of Magnentius, whom she married while still a girl. Left… -
Justinian, Emperor of the East (GIUSTINIANO, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE)
JUSTINIAN, EMPEROR OF THE EAST - Institutiones, II, 24. Parchment codex from Monte Cassino (9th century). legislative and administrative.… -
Justinian, Flavius Anicius Julianus (Flavius Anicius Iulianus Iustinianus), Emperor of the East (527-565) (GIUSTINIANO, FLAVIO ANICIO GIULIANO (FLAVIUS ANICIUS IULIANUS IUSTINIANUS), IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE (527-565))
JUSTINIAN I, FLAVIUS ANICIUS JULIANUS (Flavius Anicius Iulianus Iustinianus), EMPEROR OF THE EAST (527-565). - One of the sovereigns who… -
Kabylia
KABYLIA. - A region entirely included within the two dioceses of Algeria and Constantine, inhabited by a population of about 1,250,000… -
Kakowski, Alexander
KAKOWSKI, ALEXANDER. - Cardinal, born at Dembica, diocese of Plock, in Poland, on 5 February 1862, died at Warsaw on 30 December 1938.… -
Kalbermatten, Wilhelm
KALBERMATTEN, WILHELM. - Papal general, b. at Brig in Valais (Switzerland) on 15 Nov. 1793, d. in Rome on 15 Dec. 1875. Summoned by Pius IX… -
K'anghsi
K'ANGHSI. - English spelling of a term (in Italian "Ccamsci") that designates the period 1661-1722, during which the second emperor of the… -
Kanishka (KANIŠKA)
KANISHKA. - Most of the information from Chinese sources concerning the kingdom and life of K., the "king of kings" of the Kušānas, is… -
Kanzler, Hermann
KANZLER, HERMANN. - Papal general and pro-minister of arms, b. at Weingarten near Bruchsal (Baden) on 28 March 1822, d. at Rome on 6 Jan.… -
Karnkowski, Stanisław (KARNKOWSKI, STANISLAW)
KARNKOWSKI, STANISŁAW. - Primate of Poland, b. 10 May 1520, d. 18 June 1603. Bishop of Włocławek (Leslau) in 1567, he became in 1581… -
Katholikos
KATHOLIKOS. - In Eastern ecclesiastical law, k. means the delegate for the universality of causes. The title was probably given from the… -
Kaunitz, Anton Wenzel
KAUNITZ, ANTON WENZEL. - Austrian statesman, b. Feb. 2, 1711 in Vienna, d. there June 27, 1794. Entrusted in 1741 with a special mission to… -
Keller, Émile, Count (KELLER, EMILE, CONTE)
KELLER, Émile, Count. - French Catholic politician, b. at Belfort on 8 Oct. 1828, d. at Paris on 20 Feb. 1909. He was a deputy in… -
Kenrick, Francis Patrick
KENRICK, FRANCIS PATRICK. - Archbishop of Baltimore, theologian, controversialist, b. in Dublin on 3 Dec. 1797, d. in Baltimore on 8 July… -
Kepler (Keplero), Johannes
KEPLER (KEPLERO), JOHANNES. - One of the four great founders of modern astronomy, together with Copernicus, Galileo and Newton. Born at… -
Ketteler, Wilhelm Emmanuel von (KETTELER, WILHELM EMANUEL VON)
KETTELER, WILHELM EMMANUEL VON. - Bishop of Mainz, initiator and supporter of the ideological and practical movement of German social… -
Keyserling, Hermann, Count (KEYSERLING, HERMANN, CONTE)
KEYSERLING, Hermann, Count. - Philosopher, b. at Koenno (Livonia) on 20 July 1880, d. at Innsbruck on 26 Apr. 1946. He studied natural… -
Khaciatur Arakelean
KHACIATUR ARAKELEAN. - One of the most illustrious figures among the Armenian pupils of the Urban College of Propaganda. Born in 1666 at… -
Khosrow (Husrav) II, Persian Emperor (COSROE (HUSRAV) II, IMPERATORE PERSIANO)
KHOSROW (Husrav) II, Persian Emperor. - Called the Victorious. He reigned from 590 to 628. At the beginning of his reign, both because of… -
Khosrow (Husrav) I, Persian Emperor (COSROE (HUSRAV) I, IMPERATORE PERSIANO)
KHOSROW (Husrav) I, Persian Emperor. - He reigned from 531 to 579. In 540 C. began his campaigns against the Byzantines and at the same… -
Kiefl, Franz Xaver
KIEFL, FRANZ XAVER. - Theologian and Catholic writer, b. at Höhenrain (Lower Bavaria) on 17 Oct. 1869, d. at Regensburg on 5 June 1928.… -
Kirakos, Virapetzi
KIRAKOS, VIRAPETZI. - Anchorite of the Armenian hermitage of Korvirap, in Greater Armenia, he was the first katholikos elected in… -
Kirēev, Aleksandr Aleksēevič
KIRĒEV, ALEKSANDR ALEKSĒEVIČ. - Cavalry general (1833-1911). A noted Russian theologian. In 1862 he was aide-de-camp to Grand Duke… -
Kireevskij, Ivan Vasilevič
KIREEVSKIJ, IVAN VASILEVIČ. - Russian thinker and publicist, b. in Moscow on 22 March 1805, d. in St. Petersburg on 11 June 1856. In his… -
Kirsch, Johan Peter
KIRSCH, JOHAN PETER. - Luxembourgish prelate, archaeologist and historian, b. at Dippach on 3 Nov. 1861, d. at Rome on 4 Feb. 1941. He… -
Klesl, Melchior
KLESL, MELCHIOR. - Cardinal, b. 19 Feb. 1552 in Vienna, d. 18 Sept. 1630 at Wiener-Neustadt. The son of a Protestant baker, he embraced the… -
Kmetko, Karol
KMETKO, KAROL. - Archbishop, b. 12 Dec. 1875 at Dolné Držkovce, d. 22 Dec. 1948 at Nitra (Slovakia). Ordained a priest in 1899, he became a… -
Knöpfler, Alois
KNÖPFLER, ALOIS. - Church historian, b. 29 Aug. 1847 at Schomburg (Württemberg), d. there 14 July 1921. Ordained a priest in 1874, he… -
Koellin, Konrad
KOELLIN, KONRAD. - Dominican theologian, b. at Ulm around 1476, d. at Cologne on 26 Aug. 1536. He entered religious life in his native city… -
Kolbe, Maksymilian Maria (KOLBE, MAKSYMILIAN-MARIA)
KOLBE, MAKSYMILIAN MARIA. - Marian writer and apostle, of the Conventual Friars Minor, b. at Pabjanica, in Poland, on 6 Jan. 1894, d. at… -
Kopp, Georg von (KÖPP, GEORG VON)
KOPP, Georg von. - Cardinal, b. at Duderstadt on 25 July 1837, d. at Troppau, now Opava, on 4 March 1914. Ordained a priest in 1862, and… -
Kopystenskij, Zacharija
KOPYSTENSKIJ, ZACHARIJA. - The most important South Russian anti-Catholic and anti-Protestant polemicist of the 17th century, d. March 21,… -
Korošec, Anton
KOROŠEC, ANTON. - Slovenian priest and politician, b. at Sv. Jurig on the Scavnica in Styria in 1872, d. at Belgrade on 14 Dec. 1940. In… -
Korum, Michael Felix
KORUM, MICHAEL FELIX. - Bishop, b. 2 Nov. 1840 at Wickersweier near Colmar, d. 4 Dec. 1921 at Trier. After completing his studies at… -
Kościuszko, Tadeusz
KOŚCIUSZKO, TADEUSZ. - Polish patriot, b. at Mereczowszczyzna on 4 Feb. 1746, d. at Solothurn (Switzerland) on 20 Oct. 1817. Protected by… -
Kossuth, Lajos
KOSSUTH, LAJOS. - Patriot and politician, b. at Monok in northern Hungary on 17 Sept. 1802, d. in exile at Turin on 20 March 1894. A… -
Kozminski, Wacław (Honoratus) (KOZMINSKI, WACLAW (ONORATO))
KOZMINSKI, WACŁAW (HONORATUS). - Capuchin under the name of Fr. Onorato, born at Biała Podlaska in Poland on 16 October 1820, died at… -
Križanić, Juraj (Crisaneo) (KRIZANIĆ, JURAJ (CRISANEO))
KRIŽANIĆ, JURAJ (CRISANEO). - Croatian missionary and man of letters, b. at Obrh in 1618. Enthused by the idea of reuniting all the… -
Kromer, Martin
KROMER, MARTIN. - Polish bishop and historian, b. at Biecz (near Kraków) in 1512, d. at Heilsberg on 23 March 1589. After completing his… -
Krotz, Bonaventura
KROTZ, BONAVENTURA. - Dominican preacher, in the world Friedrich Julius, b. 20 Dec. 1862 at Karlsruhe, d. 12 May 1914 at Berlin. Ordained… -
Krumbacher, Karl
KRUMBACHER, KARL. - Eminent promoter of Byzantine studies, b. 23 Sept. 1856 at Kürnach (near Kempten in Bavaria), d. 12 Dec. 1909 at… -
Kulturkampf (= "Struggle for Civilization") (KULTURKAMPF (= « LOTTA PER LA CIVILTÀ »))
KULTURKAMPF (= "Struggle for Civilization"). - Under this name was camouflaged a violent legal and police persecution perpetrated by… -
Kurth, Godefroy
KURTH, GODEFROY. - Belgian historian, b. at Arlon on 11 May 1847, d. at Assche (Brussels) on 4 Jan. 1916. He studied at the École Normale… -
Kyiv (KIEV)
KYIV. - Capital city of Ukraine, metropolis of the Byzantine rite and bishopric of the Latin rite. I. THE METROPOLITANATE OF THE BYZANTINE… -
Labaro
LABARO. - It is the standard caused to be made by the emperor Constantine himself, after he had had the vision of a luminous cross with the… -
Labastida Y Davalos, Pelagio Antonio
LABASTIDA Y DAVALOS, PELAGIO ANTONIO. - Mexican prelate, b. 21 March 1817 at Zamora (diocese of Mechoacan), d. 1891 at Oacalco. He attended… -
Labat, Jean-Baptiste
LABAT, JEAN-BAPTISTE. - Dominican missionary, writer and traveler, b. in Paris in 1663 (or 1664), d. there on 6 Jan. 1738. He professed in… -
Labbe, Philippe
LABBE, PHILIPPE. - Jesuit, bibliographer and theologian, b. at Bourges on 10 July 1607, d. at Paris on 17 March 1667. He taught rhetoric,… -
Lachat, Eugène
LACHAT, EUGÈNE. - Bishop of Basel, b. at Montavon (Canton of Bern) on 14 Oct. 1819, d. at Balerna in the Canton of Ticino on 1 Nov. 1886.… -
La Chiaize, François de
LA CHIAIZE, François de. - Confessor and spiritual adviser of Louis XIV, b. 25 Aug. 1624 at Château d'Aix (Forez), d. 20 Jan. 1709 in… -
Laderchi, Giacomo
LADERCHI, GIACOMO. - Oratorian, historian, b. at Faenza ca. 1678, d. at Rome on 23 April 1738. He occupied himself with hagiography and… -
Ladeuze, Paulin
LADEUZE, PAULIN. - Exegete and orientalist, titular bishop of Tiberias, seventh rector of the Catholic University of Louvain after its… -
Ladislas III Jagellon, King of Poland (LADISLAO III, JAGELLONE, RE DI POLONIA)
LADISLAS III JAGELLON, King of Poland. - Son of Ladislas II, born in Kraków in 1424, he assumed power in 1438. In continuing his father's… -
Ladislas II Jagellon, King of Poland (LADISLAO II, JAGELLONE, RE DI POLONIA)
LADISLAS II JAGELLON, King of Poland. - B. in 1350, grand duke of Lithuania from 1377. The continuous struggles against the Teutonic… -
Ladislas I, King of Poland, called Łokietek (LADISLAO I, RE DI POLONIA, DETTO ŁOKIETEK)
LADISLAS I, King of Poland, called Łokietek. - So nicknamed because of his short stature. B. in 1260, d. on 2 March 1333, he is one of the… -
Ladislas IV Vasa, King of Poland (LADISLAO IV, WASA, RE DI POLONIA)
LADISLAS IV VASA, King of Poland. - Son of Sigismund III Wasa, born on 9 June 1595, he managed to maneuver skillfully between France and… -
Ladislas, King of Naples (LADISLAO, RE DI NAPOLI)
LADISLAS, King of Naples. - Born in Naples on 11 February 1377, died there on 6 August 1414. He succeeded (1386) his father Charles III,… -
Lagrange, Giuseppe Luigi
LAGRANGE, GIUSEPPE LUIGI. - Mathematician, b. in Turin on 25 Jan. 1736, d. in Paris on 10 Apr. 1813. His name was originally Lagrangia. A… -
La Guéronnière, Louis-Étienne-Arthur Dubreuil Héllion, Viscount of (LA GUÉRONNIÈRE, LOUIS-ÉTIENNE-ARTHUR DUBREUIL HÉLION, VISCONTE DI)
LA GUÉRONNIÈRE, Louis-Étienne-Arthur Dubreuil Héllion, Viscount of. - French writer and politician, b. 6 Apr. 1816 at Dorat (Haute-Vienne),… -
La Legname, Giovanni Filippo
LA LEGNAME, GIOVANNI FILIPPO. - Scholar, born in Messina to a noble Sicilian family ca. 1428, died perhaps in Spain after 1491, the year in… -
La Luzerne, César-Guillaume de
LA LUZERNE, CÉSAR-GUILLAUME DE. - Cardinal, apologist, defender of the rights of the Church during the period of the French Revolution, b.… -
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre-Antoine de Monet de
LAMARCK, JEAN-BAPTISTE-PIERRE-ANTOINE de MONET de. - Born on 1 August 1744 at Bazentin, a village in Picardy, and died in Paris on 18… -
Lambert, King of Italy, Emperor (LAMBERTO, RE D'ITALIA, IMPERATORE)
LAMBERT, King of Italy, Emperor. - Son of Guy II, duke of Spoleto, and of Ageltrude of the dukes of Benevento, he died near Marengo from a… -
Lamberto of Hersfeld (LAMBERTO DI HERSFELD)
LAMBERTO OF HERSFELD. - Benedictine monk and historian. At about the age of 25 he entered the monastery of Hersfeld and probably directed… -
Lambruschini, Luigi
LAMBRUSCHINI, LUIGI. - Cardinal, Barnabite, b. at Sestri Levante on 16 May 1776, d. at Rome on 12 May 1854. He taught philosophy and… -
Lamennais (from 1834: Lamennais), Félicité-Robert de (LA MENNAIS (DAL 1834: LAMENNAIS), FÉLICITÉ-ROBERT DE)
LAMENNAIS (from 1834: Lamennais), Félicité-Robert de. - Publicist and French philosopher, b. at St-Malo on 19 June 1782, about two years… -
Lammens, Henri
LAMMENS, HENRI. - Jesuit, famous Islamicist, b. at Ghent on 1 April 1862, d. at Beirut on 23 April 1937. Having landed in Syria while still… -
La Moricière, Louis-Christophe-Léon Juchault de
LA MORICIÈRE, LOUIS-CHRISTOPHE-LÉON JUCHAULT de. - French general and commander-in-chief of the papal army, b. at Nantes of a noble Breton… -
Lamormaini, Wilhelm
LAMORMAINI, WILHELM. - Jesuit, confessor of Emperor Ferdinand II, b. at La Moire Mannie in Luxembourg (whence his surname, which was… -
Lamourous, Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de
LAMOUROUS, MARIE-THÉRÈSE-CHARLOTTE de. - Born at Barsac (France) on 1 November 1754, died on 14 September 1836. Already during the French… -
Lámpros, Spiridion
LÁMPROS, SPIRIDION. - Historian and politician b. in Corfu in 1851, d. in Athens on 23 July 1919. As a young man he founded and directed… -
Lancellotti, Filippo
LANCELLOTTI, FILIPPO. - Cardinal b. in Rome on 17 Aug. 1732, d. there on 13 July 1794. Having entered the prelature, he was appointed by… -
Lancelotz, Henri
LANCELOTZ, HENRI. - Augustinian theologian and controversialist, b. in Belgium in 1576, d. at Antwerp on 11 Jan. 1643. He received his… -
Landini, Silvestro
LANDINI, SILVESTRO. - Jesuit, popular missionary, b. at Margrate, in Lunigiana, in 1503, d. at Bastia in Corsica on 3 March 1554. Already a… -
Lando, Girolamo
LANDO, GIROLAMO. - Archbishop of Crete (ca. 1458-93), entrusted with a pontifical legation in Silesia and Bohemia (1460-62), titular… -
Landolfo da Milano
LANDOLFO da MILANO. - Two chroniclers of this name are known: 1. LANDOLFO DA MILANO SENIOR. - A Milanese ecclesiastic who lived between the… -
Landolfo Sagace
LANDOLFO SAGACE. - Perhaps a monk, who lived between the 10th and 11th centuries. Nothing is known of his personality: it is certain only… -
Langevin, Louis-Philippe-Adélard
LANGEVIN, LOUIS-PHILIPPE-ADÉLARD. - Archbishop, b. 23 Aug. 1853 at St-Isidore (Canada), d. 15 June 1915 at Montreal. In 1881 he became an… -
Lang, Matthäus
LANG, MATTHÄUS. - Cardinal, b. in 1468 at Augsburg, from a decayed patrician family, d. on 30 March 1540 at Salzburg. He entered as… -
Languet de Villeneuve de Gercy, Jean-Joseph
LANGUET DE VILLENEUVE DE GERCY, JEAN-JOSEPH. - Archbishop of Sens, b. at Dijon on 24 Aug. 1677, d. at Sens on 11 May 1753. He received his… -
Languet, Hubert (Hubertus Burgundus)
LANGUET, HUBERT (Hubertus Burgundus). - French statesman, b. at Vitteaux in Burgundy in 1518, d. at Antwerp on 30 Sept. 1581. Highly… -
Lanteri, Pio Brunone
LANTERI, PIO BRUNONE. - Founder of the Oblates of the Virgin Mary, b. at Cuneo on 12 May 1759, d. at Pinerolo on 5 Aug. 1830. At the… -
Lanzoni, Francesco
LANZONI, FRANCESCO. - Church historian, b. at Faenza on 10 July 1862, d. there on 8 February 1929. From his native seminary he went to…