Alting, Johan HeinrichVol. I, p. 570 ALTING, JOHAN HEINRICH. – Dutch Calvinist theologian, born on 17 February 1583 at Emden, where his father Menso (1541–1612) was a Protestant preacher; died at…
AltinoVol. I, p. 570 ALTINO. - It was a municipium of the Scaptia tribe in the Venetian littoral, on the Via Annia at its intersection with the Claudia Augusta. Its first bishop…
Altmann, Saint(ALTMANNO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 570 ALTMANNO, saint. - A native of Westphalia, he studied in Paris and was a professor at Paderborn. Henry III appointed him provost of the chapter of Aachen and…
Altmeyer, Jean-JacquesVol. I, p. 571 ALTMEYER, JEAN-JACQUES. - Belgian philosopher and historiographer, b. at Luxembourg in 1804, d. at Brussels in 1877. Having graduated in philosophy and law…
Altogradi, NicolaVol. I, p. 574 ALTOGRADI, NICOLA. – Jesuit missionary in America, born in Lucca on 1 September 1689, died on 11 February 1759. He entered the novitiate in 1706 and in 1723…
Altomonte (Hohenberg), MartinoVol. I, p. 574 ALTOMONTE (HOHENBERG), MARTINO. — Painter, born in Naples on 8 May 1657 (?), died in Vienna on 14 September 1745. In Rome he was a pupil of Gaulli, Giacinto…
Altoona, Diocese of(ALTOONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 574 ALTOONA, DIOCESI di. — In Pennsylvania (United States), suffragan of Philadelphia. Established on 30 May 1901, A. comprises the eight counties of the state of…
AltorilievoVol. I, p. 574 ALTORILIEVO: v. RILIEVO.
Altum, BernardoVol. I, p. 575 ALTUM, BERNARDO. – German zoologist, born in Münster on 31 December 1824, died in Eberswald on 1 February 1900. A specialist in ornithology, he was ordained a…
Altura, High Place(ALTURA, ALTO LUOGO)Vol. I, p. 575 ALTURA, ALTO LUOGO: v. BÂMÂH; BÂMÔTH.
Altus Ex Olympi Vertice(ALTO EX OLYMPI VERTICE)Vol. I, p. 573 «ALTO EX OLYMPI VERTICE». - Hymn of the Roman Breviary for the Lauds of the feast of the dedication of a church. Of unknown author, from the 7th or 8th…
Alumbrados (Illuminati)Vol. I, p. 575 ALUMBRADOS (ILLUMINATI). — A designation used to indicate those Spanish pseudo-mystics who in the 16th and 17th centuries boasted of acting constantly under…
Aluminature(ALLUMINATURA)Vol. I, p. 552 ALLUMINATURA: v. MINIATURA.
AlumnusVol. I, p. 575 ALUMNUS. — In the Greco-Roman world, it was permissible to rid oneself of newborns, even freeborn ones, who were exposed either in places where refuse was…
AlunnaticoVol. I, p. 576 ALUNNATICO: V. SEMINARISTICO.
Alunno, Niccolò (Niccolò di Liberatore)Vol. I, p. 576 ALUNNO, NICCOLÒ (NICCOLÒ di LIBERATORE). - Painter, b. at Foligno c. 1430, d. there in 1502. From his earliest work, the panel painted in 1458 at Deruta for…
Alva y Astorga, Pedro deVol. I, p. 576 ALVA Y ASTORGA, PEDRO de. - Spanish Franciscan theologian, b. at Carbajales (Compostella), d. at Bruxelles in 1667. Of extraordinary learning and activity,…
Alvastra (Alwastra, Alvastrum, Alvaster)(ALVASTRA (ALWASTRA, ALVASTRUM, ALVASTER[8]))Vol. I, p. 580 ALVASTRA (ALWASTRA, ALVASTRUM, ALVASTER[8]). — Ancient Cistercian abbey in Sweden, on the eastern shore of Lake Vätter, south of Vadstena, in the diocese of…
Alvelda (Albelda), Juan Gonzales d'Vol. I, p. 580 ALVELDA (ALBELDA), JUAN GONZALES d’. — Spanish theologian, b. at Navarrette (Saragossa) on 18 January 1585, d. in 1622. Having become a Dominican, he was…
Alvelt, AgostinoVol. I, p. 580 ALVELT, AGOSTINO. - A Franciscan, from Alfeld (Hildesheim), died in 1532 or later; one of Luther’s earliest opponents and among the most effective Catholic…
Alviano, Bartolomeo d'Vol. I, p. 580 ALVIANO, BARTOLOMEO d'. - Condottiere, born at Rocca d'Alviano, of the noble Liviani family, in 1455; died at Bergamo in 1515. He began his career in 1478 in…
Alzog, Johannes BaptistVol. I, p. 580 ALZOG, JOHANNES BAPTIST. — Ecclesiastical historian, born at Ohlau on 29 June 1808, died at Freiburg im Breisgau on 1 March 1878. Ordained a priest in 1834, he…
Alzon, Emmanuel d'Vol. I, p. 580 ALZON, EMMANUEL d’. — Founder of the Augustinians of the Assumption (v.), born at Le Vigan (Gard, France) on 30 Aug. 1810, died at Nîmes on 21 Nov. 1880. The…
Alès (Alais, according to pre-1926 spelling)(ALÈS (ALAIS, SECONDO LA GRAFIA ANTERIORE AL 1926))Vol. I, p. 464 ALÈS (Alais, according to the spelling prior to 1926). - A city in southern France (department of Gard), of ancient Celtic origin (Alestum, Alesiensis civitas:…
Alès, Adhémar D'Vol. I, p. 464 ALÈS, ADHÉMAR d’. — French Jesuit, theologian, historian, and apologist, b. at Orléans on 2 December 1861, d. in Paris on 24 February 1938. At first devoted to…
Alès, NicolòVol. I, p. 464 ALÈS, NICOLÒ. – Czech painter, born in Mirotice in Bohemia on 18 November 1852, died in Prague on 10 July 1913. A pupil of Trenkwald and Sweerts, he soon…
Am Hâ-Âres(AM HÂ-ÂREŞ)Vol. I, p. 655 AM HÂ-ÂREŞ. - A Hebrew expression (“people of the land”), which in the earliest documents simply denotes the population of a given region or the country people…
Amadei, GirolamoVol. I, p. 581 AMADEI, GIROLAMO. — Theologian, born in Siena around the year 1483, died in Lucca on 16 February 1543. He was a Servite religious and became vicar general for…
Amadeo (Omodeo), Giovanni AntonioVol. I, p. 581 AMADEO (OMODEO), GIOVANNI ANTONIO. - Lombard architect and sculptor (1447-1522), who brought decisive Renaissance characteristics to the Lombard tradition. A…
Amadeo, GaetanoVol. I, p. 581 AMADEO, GAETANO. – Composer, born in Porto Maurizio (Imperia) in 1824, died in Nice on 8 April 1893. A pupil of Pacini in Lucca and subsequently of Rossini in…
Amadeo, João da Silva y MenezesVol. I, p. 582 AMADEO, JOÃO DA SILVA Y MENEZES. - Portuguese Franciscan, born into a noble family between 1420 and 1435, died at Milan in 1484. He is called Amadeus lusitanus…
Amadeus VI, Count Of Savoy, Known As The Green Count(AMEDEO VI, CONTE DI SAVOIA, DETTO IL CONTE VERDE)Vol. I, p. 626 AMEDEO VI, count of SAVOIA, known as the GREEN COUNT. — Son of Aimone, count of Savoy, and Iolanda of Monferrato, born on 4 January 1334 at Chambéry. He was…
Amadeus VII, Count Of Savoy, Known As The Red Count(AMEDEO VII, CONTE DI SAVOIA, DETTO IL CONTE ROSSO)Vol. I, p. 626 AMEDEO VII, Count of SAVOIA, called the RED COUNT. - Son of Amedeo VI, Count of Savoia, and of Bona di Borbone, born on 24 February 1360 at Chambéry. In 1377…
Amadia (Amadijah), Diocese of(AMADIA (AMADIJAH), DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 582 AMADIA (AMADIJAH), DIOCESI di. – A residential Chaldean diocese in Kurdistan, suffragan to Babylon of the Chaldeans. When A. was Nestorian, it also included…
Amalario of Metz (Amalarius, Amalarius)(AMALARIO DI METZ (AMALARIUS, AMALARIUS))Vol. I, p. 582 AMALARIO di METZ (Amalarius, Amalarius). — Medieval theologian and liturgist, concerning whose life there are few and disputed historical data. He seems to…
Amalekites (Heb. Amaleq; Vulgate [Septuagint] Amalec and Amalecites)(AMALECITI (EBR. AMALEQ; VOLGATA [COI SETTANTA] AMALEC E AMALECITES))Vol. I, p. 587 AMALECITI (Hebr. Amaleq; Vulgate [with the Septuagint] Amalec and Amalecites). — A Semitic nomadic people, inhabiting the desert regions between northern Sinai…
AmalfiVol. I, p. 589 AMALFI – West side of the Cloister of Paradise; fragments of Cosmatesque ambons and pagan sarcophagi. Arab-Sicilian architecture (13th century). Developed…
Amalfi, Archdiocese of(AMALFI, ABCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 588 AMALFI, ARCHDIOCESE OF. — In the Campania region, in the province of Salerno, it borders the dioceses of Sorrento and Nocera dei Pagani and Sarno, and numbers…
Amalric (Amalricus, Almaricus, Amauricus), Di Bena(AMALRICO (AMALRICUS, ALMARICUS, AMAURICUS), DI BENA)Vol. I, p. 590 AMALRICO (Amalricus, Almaricus, Amauricus), of BENA. — Celebrated French theologian and philosopher of the 12th century, a native of Bène (Bènes, Bennes) near…
Amalric Augerius of Bourges(AMALRICO AUGERIO DI BOURGES)Vol. I, p. 590 AMALRICO AUGERIO of BOURGES. – Augustinian historian, born at Biterris and active in the 14th century. He studied theology at Montpellier and became chaplain…
Amalteo, PomponioVol. I, p. 590 AMALTEO, POMPONIO. - Painter, born at Motta di Livenza in 1505, died on 9 March 1588 at S. Vito al Tagliamento. Throughout his production he remained…
Amama, SixtinusVol. I, p. 591 AMAMA, SIXTINUS. – Dutch Reformed theologian, b. in 1593, d. in 1629. He was a profound scholar of the Hebrew language, on which he published two grammars and…
Amana (Society or Community of the True Inspiration)(AMANA (SOCIETÀ O COMUNITÀ DELLA VERA ISPIRAZIONE))Vol. I, p. 591 AMANA (SOCIETÀ O COMUNITÀ DELLA VERA ISPIRAZIONE). — This sect arose in Germany during the Pietist movement, among those who maintained that direct inspiration…
Amandus of Zierikzee(AMANDO DA ZIERIKSEE)Vol. I, p. 591 AMANDO DA ZIERIKSEE. - Franciscan exegete, Dutch, b. about 1450 on the island of Walcheren, d. 8 June 1534 at Lovanio. Doctor of theology, he gained renown as…
Amandus, Saint(AMANDO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 591 AMANDO, saint. — Born in Aquitania to Serenus and Amanzia, and educated in a Benedictine monastery on the island of Yeu off the coast of Vandea, he received…
Amann, Émile(AMANN, EMILE)Vol. I, p. 592 AMANN, EMILE. - French priest, historian, and theologian, b. 4 June 1880, d. 10 Jan. 1948. He studied at Nancy and Paris. In 1919 he was appointed to the chair…
Amanuensis(AMANUENSE)Vol. I, p. 592 AMANUENSE : v. SCRIBA
Amaral, Antonio Caetano DoVol. I, p. 592 AMARAL, ANTONIO CAETANO do. - Portuguese historian and scholar, born in Lisbon in 1747 and died there in 1819. He was a canon of the see of Evora, which he…
Amaral, GaspareVol. I, p. 592 AMARAL, GASPARE. — Jesuit missionary, born at Corvaceira in Portugal in 1592. He worked in Goa, Macao, Cocincina, and then for seven years in Tondino. Rector…
Amargosa, Diocese of(AMARGOSA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 592 AMARGOSA, DIOCESE of. — In the state of Bahia (Brazil), a suffragan of S. Salvatore della Bahia, from which it was separated on 10 May 1941, it comprises…
Amari, EmericoVol. I, p. 592 AMARI, EMERICO. - Politician and thinker, born in Palermo in 1810, died there in 1870. A complex personality: scholar, patriot, and believer. Imprisoned (1848)…
Amari, Michele(AMÀRI, MICHELE)Vol. I, p. 592 AMÀRI, MICHELE. — Patriot, historian, and Orientalist, born in Palermo in 1806, died in Florence in 1889; he was one of the principal agitators for the…
Amarillo, Diocese of(AMARILLO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 593 AMARILLO, DIOCESE of. — In Texas (United States), suffragan of S. Antonio. Erected on 3 August 1926, it comprises seventy counties of Texas. Catholics 31,144,…
Amarna (Tell el-Amarna)(AMARNA (TELL EL-AMARNAH))Vol. I, p. 593 AMARNA (TELL EL-AMARNAH). — Locality on the eastern bank of the Nile, in Middle Egypt, where the archive of Amenophis IV (v.) was accidentally discovered in…
Amasa (Heb. ʿĀmāšāʾ «Bundle»; Septuagint: ʿAṭṭāṣa)(AMASA (EBR. ʿĀMĀŠĀʾ «FARDELLO»; SETTANTA: ʿAṬṬĀṢA))Vol. I, p. 593 AMASA (Hebr. ʿāmāšāʾ “burden”; Septuagint: ʿAṭṭāṣa). — Military commander, son of Abigail, sister of David, and of Jether (or Jetra), an Ishmaelite (I Par.…
AmaseaVol. I, p. 593 AMASEA. — The first city of the province of Hellenopontus in Asia Minor, on the River Iris; capital of the province during the imperial period, it was severely…
Amasia (Heb. ʿAṭṭāṣa «Yahweh Fortifies»; Septuagint: ʿAṭṭāṣa)(AMASIA (EBR. ʿAṬṬĀṢA «JAHWEH FORTIFICA»; SETTANTA: ʿAṬṬĀṢA))Vol. I, p. 593 AMASIA (Heb. ʿAṭṭāṣa "Jahweh fortifies"; Septuagint: ʿAṭṭāṣa). - Two biblical figures. 1. - King of Judah (c. 797-789), son of Joash, whom he succeeded at the…
Amastris (Today Amasrah)(AMASTRIS (OGGI AMASRAH))Vol. I, p. 594 AMASTRIS (today AMASRAH). – City of Paphlagonia, on the Black Sea. Around 300 B.C., Sesamos and other nearby centers were united into a single city, which was…
Amat Di San Filippo E Sorso, LuigiVol. I, p. 595 AMAT di SAN FILIPPO e SORSO, LUIGI. — Cardinal, born in Cagliari to a family of Catalan origin on 20 June 1796, died in Rome on 30 March 1878. He was protected…
Amat, FelixVol. I, p. 594 AMAT, FELIX. – Historian and treatise writer, born at Sabadell, in the province of Barcelona, in 1759, died at Barcelona in 1824. Canon of Tarragona, abbot of…
Amat, Felix TorresVol. I, p. 594 AMAT, FELIX TORRES: v. TORRES Y AMAT. AMAT di SAN FILIPPO, PIETRO. - Writer, b. 1 Oct. 1822 in Sardinia, d. in Rome 15 Feb. 1895. He was first employed at the…
AmaterasuVol. I, p. 595 AMATERASU. - For the Shintoists, she is the “great, august deity who shines in heaven,” that is, the sun goddess. At the time when Shintoism was still a purely…
Amati, CarloVol. I, p. 595 AMATI, CARLO. — Architect, born in Monza on 22 August 1776, died in Milan on 23 March 1852. He took part in completing the sides and façade of Milan Cathedral…
Amato Di MontecassinoVol. I, p. 595 AMATO di MONTECASSINO. – Benedictine, historian of the 11th century. He was a monk of the celebrated abbey under Abbot Desiderio (1058–86); he was also a…
AmazzoniVol. I, p. 596 AMAZZONI. – A mythical people of warrior women whose customs and practices the Greeks regarded as barbarous. Legend held them to be daughters of Ares and…
Amazzoni (Manáos), Diocese of(AMAZZONI (MANÁOS), DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 596 AMAZZONI (MANÁOS), DIOCESE of. - In the state of Amazonas (Brazil), which is the largest of the Brazilian states (1,826,000 sq. km.), but very sparsely…
Ambanja, Apostolic Prefecture of(AMBANJA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. I, p. 596 AMBANJA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - Located in insular Africa, it derives from the prefecture of Isola Santa Maria, Nossi-Bè and Mayorte (the latter belonging…
Ambarvalia (Ambarvales)(AMBARVALI (AMBARVALIA))Vol. I, p. 596 AMBARVALI (Ambarvalia). - A Roman conceptiva festival, that is, one proclaimed year by year by the pontiffs, in relation to seasonal events, and therefore not…
Ambassador(AMBASCIATORE)Vol. I, p. 597 AMBASCIATORE: v. AGENTE DIPLOMATICO.
Ambato (Ambaten), Diocese of(AMBATO (AMBATEN), DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 597 AMBATO (AMBATEN), DIOCESE of. — In Ecuador, suffragan of the metropolitan see of Quito (v.). It was erected on 28 February 1948. BIBL.: AAS, 40 (1948), pp.…
Amberger, ChristophVol. I, p. 597 AMBERGER, CHRISTOPH. - German painter and wood engraver, b. about 1500, d. between 1561 and 1562. He belonged to the Augsburg school, and followed above all…
Ambition(AMBIZIONE)Vol. I, p. 598 AMBIZIONE. - Etymologically, it derives from the Latin word ambire, “to go around,” or to canvass for the purpose of obtaining honours or offices. In a broad…
Amboise, Georges d'Vol. I, p. 598 AMBOISE, GEORGES d'. – Cardinal, born in 1460 of a most noble family at Chaumont-sur-Loire, he made a rapid career: already almoner to Luigi XI, in 1484 he was…
Ambrogio Da Cori (Dei Massari, Coranus, Coriolanus)Vol. I, p. 610 AMBROGIO da CORI (dei MASSARI, CORANUS, CORIOLANUS). - Augustinian preacher, humanist, and theologian, d. at Rome in 1485. A student at Florence in 1452,…
Ambrogio Da LombezVol. I, p. 611 AMBROGIO da LOMBEZ. - Capuchin ascetical writer (in the world Jean de Lapeyrie), born at Lombez on 21 March 1708 into a noble Armagnac family, died at…
Ambros, August WilhelmVol. I, p. 611 AMBROS, AUGUST WILHELM. – Historian of music, b. in Myto (Prague) on 17 November 1816, d. in Vienna on 28 June 1876. A teacher at the University and…
Ambrose Catarino(AMBROGIO CATARINO)Vol. I, p. 611 AMBROGIO CATARINO: v. POLITI, LANCELLOTTO.
Ambrose Sansedoni(AMBROGIO SANSEDONI)Vol. I, p. 611 AMBROGIO SANSEDONI: v. SANSEDONI, AMBROGIO.
Ambrose, Deacon(AMBROGIO, DIACONO)Vol. I, p. 610 AMBROGIO, DIACONO. - Disciple and correspondent of Origene, confessor of the faith. Of a noble and wealthy family, perhaps Alexandrian, he was a deacon,…
Ambrose, Grenkov(AMBROGIO, GRENKOV)Vol. I, p. 611 AMBROGIO, GRENKOV. — Hieromonk of the famous dissenting monastery of Optina-Pustyn near Kozelsk in central Russia, b. in 1812, d. in 1891. He was the last in a…
Ambrose, Saint(AMBROGIO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 598 AMBROGIO, saint. — Bishop of Milan and Doctor of the Church. SUMMARY: I. Chronology. — II. Life and works: historical and theological significance. — III. The…
Ambrosi, Anton Maria(AMBROGI, ANTON MARIA)Vol. I, p. 598 AMBROGI, ANTON MARIA. - Jesuit, b. in Firenze on 13 June 1713, d. in Roma on 11 Feb. 1788. A learned and scholarly writer, he taught eloquence and poetry at…
AmbrosiaVol. I, p. 611 AMBROSIA. - A Greek word meaning “immortal”: it is used together with “nectar” to denote the food of the gods. In the Iliad it has a broader meaning; it is the…
Ambrosian Brothers(FRATELLI AMBROSIANI)Vol. V, p. 1013 AMBROSIAN BROTHERS. – A monastic congregation which, by a bull of Gregory XI (1375), gathered into a canonical community under the rule of St. Augustine, but…
Ambrosian, Chant(AMBROSIANO, CANTO)Vol. I, p. 624 AMBROSIANO, CANTO. – This is the chant currently used in the Ambrosian liturgy. In ancient times its range was much more extensive, reaching as far as…
Ambrosian, Library(AMBROSIANA, BIBLIOTECA)Vol. I, p. 611 AMBROSIANA, LIBRARY. — The Ambrosiana Library belongs among the great libraries established through the munificence of learned patrons. Founded in 1607 by…
Ambrosian, Liturgy(AMBROSIANA, LITURGIA)Vol. I, p. 614 AMBROSIANA, LITURGIA. - 1. S. AMBROGIO AND THE LITURGY. - “The distinctive character of the Ambrosian rite is precisely that of being the ancient Roman rite,…
Ambrosian, Pinacotheca(AMBROSIANA, PINACOTECA)Vol. I, p. 621 AMBROSIANA, PINACOTECA. — The A. Pinacoteca was established by Cardinal Federico Borromeo and attached to the library he founded. As soon as the library came…
Ambrosiani, VincenzoVol. I, p. 624 AMBROSIANI, VINCENZO. - Ascetical writer, b. at Monacilioni (Campobasso) on 9 February 1839, d. there in 1895. He entered the Congregation of the Mission in…
AmbrosiasterVol. I, p. 624 AMBROSIASTER. – A fictitious name, coined by Erasmo da Rotterdam, to designate an ancient anonymous Christian writer, until then identified with s. Ambrogio di…
Ambrosini, FlorianoVol. I, p. 625 AMBROSINI, FLORIANO. – Architect active in Bologna between the end of the 1500s and the first decades of the 1600s. In 1592 he erected the Dominican church of…
Ambrosio Maria of Saint Barbara(AMBROGIO MARIA DI SANTA BARBARA)Vol. I, p. 611 AMBROGIO MARIA di SANTA BARBARA. — Discalced Carmelite ascetical writer, in the world G. Domenico Solari, born in 1645 in Milan, where he donned the religious…
Ambrosoli, AmbrogioVol. I, p. 625 AMBROSOLI, AMBROGIO. — Born in Milan on 23 November 1800 and died there on 21 July 1871, canon and philanthropist, he was a celebrated preacher of his time. A…
Ambulatory(AMBULACRO)Vol. I, p. 625 AMBULACRO: v. DEAMBULATORIO.
Amedeo Menes de Sylva, Blessed(AMEDEO MENEZ DE SYLVA, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 625 AMEDEO MENEZ DE SYLVA, blessed. – Franciscan, born at Ceuta in 1420 to Rodrigo Gomez de Sylva, royal prince of Castile, and Isabella Menez of the noble family…
Amedeo V, Count of Savoy(AMEDEO V, CONTE DI SAVOIA)Vol. I, p. 626 AMEDEO V, count of SAVOIA. — The second-born son of Tommaso di Savoia, lord of Piedmont (himself the younger son of Tommaso I, count of Savoia), and of…
Amedeo VIII, Duke of Savoy(AMEDEO VIII, DUCA DI SAVOIA)Vol. I, p. 631 AMEDEO VIII, duke of SAVOIA. — Son of Amedeo VII, count of Savoy, and of Bona di Berry, born at Chambéry on 4 September 1383. He succeeded his father on 1…
Amedeus IX, Third Duke of Savoy, Blessed(AMEDEO IX, TERZO DUCA DI SAVOIA, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 631 AMEDEO IX, third duke of SAVOIA, blessed. — Born at Thonon on 1 February 1435, died at Vercelli on 30 March 1472. He was the son of Duke Ludovico and Anna di…
Amelia, Diocese of(AMELIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 632 AMELIA, DIOCESE of. — In the Umbrian region, in the province of Terni, bordering the dioceses of Todi to the north, Spoleto to the east, Narni to the…
Amelli, Ambrogio MariaVol. I, p. 633 AMELLI, AMBROGIO MARIA. - Historian, palaeographer and musicologist, born in Milan on March 19, 1848, died at Montecassino on Aug. 25, 1933. He studied in the…
Amelote (Amelotte), Denis(AMELOTE (AMELOTTE), DENYS)Vol. I, p. 633 AMELOTE (AMELOTTE), DENYS. – Oratorian theologian, born at Saintes in 1606, died in Paris in 1679. A doctor at the Sorbonne, he joined Condren (v.), of whom he…
AmenVol. I, p. 633 AMEN. – Biblical and liturgical acclamation. 1. BIBLICAL USE. – Derived from the root ’āman, “to be firm, to support,” the word Amen (Hebr. ’āmēn; Septuagint:…
Amen-em-opeVol. I, p. 634 AMEN-EM-OPE. – Egyptian high official, son of Kanccht, resident in Persepolis, who lived, according to A. Erman, H. O. Lange, and R. Griffith, around 1000 B.C.…
Amendolia, Tommaso MariaVol. I, p. 634 TOMmaso Maria AMENDOLIA. - Dominican theologian of the 17th century, born in S. Giorgio di Polistena (Calabria), he lived for a long time in Naples where he…
Amenti (Egypt. Jmn.tj.t «The Western District», Coptic Amenti, Greek Ἀγένδρα)(AMENTI (EGIZ. JMN.TJ.T « LA CONTRADA OCCIDENTALE », COPTO AMENTI, GRECO ἈΓΈΝΔΡΑ))Vol. I, p. 635 AMENTI (Egyptian jmn.tj.t, “the western region,” Coptic amenti, Greek ἀγένδρα). — This is the name given to the region of the dead in ancient Egypt (Plut., De…
AmenzaVol. I, p. 635 AMENZA. - A state of mental confusion with hallucinations of various kinds and motor restlessness; capable of complete recovery, it manifests itself in acute…
Amerbach, Elias NicolausVol. I, p. 636 AMERBACH, ELIAS NICOLAUS. – Musician, born in Naumburg around 1530, died in Leipzig in 1597. Organist at the church of St Thomas in Leipzig (1560), he…
AmericaVol. I, p. 636 AMERICA. – Weekly periodical, published in New York by Jesuits chosen from the American provinces of the Order. Founded in 1909 as a replacement for the…
American Bible Society(SOCIETÀ BIBLICA AMERICANA)Vol. XI, p. 513 SOCIETÀ BIBLICA AMERICANA: v. BIBLICHE, SOCIETÀ.
American BoardVol. I, p. 645 AMERICAN BOARD: v. CONGREGAZIONALISTI.
Americanism(AMERICANISMO)Vol. I, p. 645 AMERICANISM. - This term designates a doctrine and religious movement of a liberal and naturalistic inspiration, which developed within Catholicism at the end…
Amesha Spenta(AMEŠA SPENTA)Vol. I, p. 646 AMEŠA SPENTA. – Under the Persian name A. is understood a group of entities, which appear frequently, now one, now another, now several together, in almost…
Amette, Léon-AdolpheVol. I, p. 654 AMETTE, LÉON-ADOLPHE. - Cardinal, b. at Douville (Evreux) on 6 Sept. 1850, d. at Antony (Paris) on 29 Aug. 1920. He began his studies at the seminary of Evreux…
Ameyden (Amydenus), ThéodoneVol. I, p. 654 AMEYDEN (Amydenus), Théodone. - Belgian bibliographer and polyglot, b. in 1586, d. in 1656. He settled in Rome in 1605, where he married. Abbreviator for a…
Amfiteatrov, AntonVol. I, p. 655 AMFITEATROV, ANTON. — Russian dissident theologian of the nineteenth century (1815–79), student and doctoral graduate of the Ecclesiastical Academy of Kiev. He…
Amiani, Sebastiano(AMMIANI, SEBASTIANO)Vol. I, p. 664 AMMIANI, SEBASTIANO. — Augustinian, born in Fano, died on 30 July 1568. In 1547 he was a student in Rome, then went to Bologna, Pavia, and Treviso, teaching…
Amiatino, Codex(AMIATINO, CODICE)Vol. I, p. 655 AMIATINO, CODICE: V. VOLGATA.
Amicarelli, IppolitoVol. I, p. 655 AMICARELLI, IPPOLITO. — Patriot priest, b. in Agnone on 10 Aug. 1823, d. in Naples on 24 Nov. 1889. After being ordained a priest, he devoted himself to…
Amici, Giovanni BattistaVol. I, p. 655 AMICI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – Italian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, and biologist, born in 1786, died in 1863. He was distinguished by his introduction…
Amicizia Islands(AMICIZIA, ISOLE DELL')Vol. I, p. 655 FRIENDSHIP ISLANDS: v. TONGA (ISLANDS).
Amico, AntoninoVol. I, p. 657 AMICO, ANTONINO. - A priest from Messina, canon of the cathedral of Palermo, where he died on 22 Oct. 1641. The year of birth of this celebrated Sicilian…
Amico, Bernardino (Bernardino da Gallipoli)Vol. I, p. 657 AMICO, BERNARDINO (BERNARDINO DA GALLIPOLI). — Franciscan of the Order of Friars Minor Observant, born at Gallipoli in the Kingdom of Naples (the years of his…
Amico, FrancescoVol. I, p. 657 AMICO, FRANCESCO. – Jesuit theologian, born in Cosenza on 2 April 1578, died on 31 January 1651. Admitted to the Jesuit novitiate in 1596, he soon displayed…
Amico, Vito MariaVol. I, p. 658 AMICO, VITO MARIA. — Benedictine, Sicilian scholar, born in Catania on 15 February 1697, died there on 5 December 1762. In 1713 he entered the monastery of S.…
AmidaVol. I, p. 658 AMIDA. - Modern-day Diarbekir, situated on the left bank of the Tigris, not far from Edessa. It was the capital of the Roman province of Mesopotamia.…
Amidani (or de Amidanis), Guglielmo(AMIDANI (O DE AMIDANIS), GUGLIELMO)Vol. I, p. 659 AMIDANI (or DE AMIDANIS), GUGLIELMO. — An Augustinian religious of the 14th century, born in Cremona and died in Novara in 1355. He was prior general of his…
Amidano, Giulio CesareVol. I, p. 659 AMIDANO, GIULIO CESARE. — Painter, born in Parma in 1566, died there in 1630. In old guidebooks and dictionaries he is incorrectly called Pomponio A. He was a…
Amiel, Henri-Frédéric(AMIEL, HENRI-FRÉDERIC)Vol. I, p. 659 AMIEL, HENRI-FRÉDERIC. — Thinker and poet, born in Geneva on 27 September 1821 and died there on 11 May 1881. Professor of aesthetics and later of philosophy…
Amiens, Diocese of(AMIENS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 659 AMIENS, DIOCESE of. — In northern France, suffragan of Reims. It comprises the entire territory of the département of the Somme (6,277 sq km and 473,916…
Amiot, JosephVol. I, p. 660 AMIOT, JOSEPH. – Jesuit missionary in China, born in Toulon on 8 February 1718, died in Beijing on 9 October 1793. A versatile intellect, in addition to the…
Amiroutzes, George(AMIROÚTZES, GIORGIO)Vol. I, p. 660 AMIROÚTZES, GIORGIO. – Byzantine Aristotelian philosopher, born in Trebizond at the beginning of the 15th century, died suddenly after 1469. Since he belonged…
AmiternoVol. I, p. 661 AMITERNO. - Ancient diocese of Latium in the country of the Sabines, and a city on the site where the village of S. Vittorino now stands, so named in memory,…
AmittoVol. I, p. 662 AMITTO. – A sacred garment of cloth (approximately 0.70 × 0.80 m), to be placed around the neck and shoulders, furnished with tapes for tying its ends over the…
Amitābha (Amitāyus)Vol. I, p. 661 AMITĀBHA (AMITĀYUS). — One of the innumerable buddhas of Mahāyāna Buddhism, “The Great Vehicle,” systematized several centuries after its first appearance by…
Amman (Ammon), KasparVol. I, p. 663 AMMAN (AMMON), KASPAR. - Augustinian theologian, b. at Hasselt (Liège) around 1450, d. in 1524. He was master of theology, prior at Lauingen, and provincial of…
Amman, Johann KonradVol. I, p. 663 AMMAN, JOHANN KONRAD. - Swiss physician, born at Sciaffusa in 1669, died at Warmond in 1724. He practised medicine in Holland, where, finding himself treating…
Ammanati Piccolomini, Jacopo(AMMANNATI PICCOLOMINI, JACOPO)Vol. I, p. 664 AMMANNATI PICCOLOMINI, JACOPO. - Cardinal, b. in 1422, d. in 1479. He studied letters in Florence and took his doctorate in jurisprudence at Siena. He was…
Ammanati, Bartolomeo(AMMANNATI, BARTOLOMEO)Vol. I, p. 663 AMMANNATI, BARTOLOMEO. — Architect and sculptor, born at Settignano on 18 June 1511, died at Florence on 22 April 1592; a pupil of Baccio Bandinelli, he…
AmmiaVol. I, p. 664 AMMIA. – A Christian woman, endowed with the prophetic charism, who probably lived in the first half of the 2nd century at Philadelphia. Her memory is…
Ammiano, MarcellinoVol. I, p. 664 AMMIANO, MARCELLINO. — A pagan Latin historian of the fourth century, born in Antioch into a noble family. The year of his birth is unknown, but may be…
Ammirati, BernardinoVol. I, p. 666 AMMIRATI, BERNARDINO. - Friar Minor, missionary in China, born at Montalto in Liguria on 17 Nov. 1827, died at Wuchang on 22 Jan. 1875. He took the religious…
Ammirato, ScipioneVol. I, p. 667 AMMIRATO, SCIPIONE. — Historian, born at Lecce on 27 September 1531, died at Florence in 1601; at Lecce his ancestors, originally from Florence, had settled…
AmmonVol. I, p. 667 AMMON. – Son of Lot, born of the incest committed by his younger daughter while he, drunk, was sleeping. The Hebrew name 'Ammôn (from ben-'ammî, “son of my…
Ammon (also Amôn; Coptic Amûn from Egyptian [A]men or Jmn; Greek 'Αμμων)(AMMONE (MEGLIO AMÔN; COPTO AMÛN DALL'EGIZ. [A]MEN O JMN; GR. 'ΑΜΜΩΝ))Vol. I, p. 667 AMMONE (better Amôn; Coptic Amûn from the Egyptian [a]men or jmn; Greek Ἀμμων). — Egyptian deity, worshipped at Thebes (v.). The name was interpreted as…
Ammonites(AMMONITI)Vol. I, p. 668 AMMONITES. — People (Hebr. Βέηδ-Αμμάνι, “sons of Ammon,” twice [I Sam. 11:11; Ps. 83 Hebr., 8] only 'Αμμάνι, gentilic adjective 'αμμάνι; Septuagint υἱοὶ…
Ammonius(AMMONIO)Vol. I, p. 668 AMMONIO. – Alexandrian ecclesiastical writer of the time of Origen. Eusebius (Hist. eccl., VI, 19, 9–10), and after him St. Jerome, praise his writings, but…
Ammonius of Alexandria(AMMONIO DI ALESSANDRIA)Vol. I, p. 668 AMMONIO of ALESSANDRIA. – Priest and steward of the Church of Alexandria in the second half of the 5th century; in 458 he signed the letter of the bishops of…
Ammonius Sacca(AMMONIO SACCA)Vol. I, p. 668 AMMONIO SACCA. - Philosopher who lived in Alexandria between A.D. 175 and 242: he was the founder of Neoplatonism. In his youth he earned his living by car-…
Ammonius, Saint(AMMONIO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 668 AMMONIO, saint. — Descendant of a wealthy family of Alexandria, he was a hermit and the principal founder of the monastic colonies of the Nitrian Desert in…
AmnesiaVol. I, p. 672 AMNESIA. — Loss of the faculty of remembering, due to alteration of the traces (symbols) impressed in the nervous centres in relation to the representation…
Amnon (Hebrew «Faithful»)(AMNON (EBR. « FEDELE »))Vol. I, p. 672 AMNON (Hebr. “faithful”). - Firstborn son of David, by his second wife Achinoam of Jezrael, born in Hebron (II Sam. 3, 2). Seized by a wicked passion for his…
AmoloVol. I, p. 673 AMOLO. – Bishop of Lyon from 841 to 852; died on 31 March 852. He wrote against the errors of Godescalco (v.) concerning predestination: Epistola ad…
Amon (Hebrew «Builder»; Septuagint: 'Αμώς)(AMON (EBRAICO «COSTRUTTORE»; SETTANTA: 'ΑΜΏΣ'))Vol. I, p. 673 AMON (Hebrew “builder”; Septuagint: 'Αμώς).—King (14th) of Judah (probably 641–39 B.C.; F. X. Kugler, A. Pohl: 639–38 B.C.). Son of Manasseh and Messalémet, he…
Amorites(AMOREI)Vol. I, p. 680 AMOREI. — Name (Aramaic ‘āmōrā’, plural ‘āmōrā’ē and, in Hebrew form, ‘ēmōrā’im, “expounder”) originally given to the lesser Jewish teachers who expounded to…
Amorites(AMORRITI)Vol. I, p. 680 AMORRITES. – A people settled in Canaan before Israel (Hebrew hā-'Emōrī, always with the article and in the singular; Septuagint 'Αμορραῖοι, hence Vulgate…
Amort, EusebiusVol. I, p. 681 AMORT, EUSEBIUS. - German theologian of the eighteenth century, born at Bibermühle, near Tölz, in Bavaria, on 15 Nov. 1692, died on 5 Feb. 1775. While still…
Amortization(AMMORTIZZAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 672 AMMORTIZZAZIONE. - In current commercial language, this word has various meanings, all denoting the extinction, for the most part gradual, of a debt or of an…
Ampelius, Saint, Martyr(AMPELIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 682 AMPELIO, saint, martyr: v. SATURNINO, DATIVO, AMPELIO e CONSOCI, santi, martiri.
AmphidromiaVol. I, p. 683 AMPHIDROMIA: V. ANFIDROMIE.
Amphidromies (Ἀμφι-Ἄβρωμα)(ANFIDROMIE (ἈΜΦΙ-ἌΒΡΩΜΑ))Vol. I, p. 751 ANFIDROMIE (ἀμφι-ἄβρωμα). – An Attic family festival intended to purify the newborn child and all those who had come into contact with it from the ritual…
Amphilochie, Bishop of Hotin(AMFILOHIE, VESCOVO DI HOTIN)Vol. I, p. 654 AMFILOHIE, bishop of HOTIN. — A Roman humanist of the eighteenth century; the date of his birth and that of his death are uncertain. A mathematician,…
Amphilochius, Saint(ANFILOCHIO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 751 ANFILOCHIO, saint. — Bishop of Iconium in Lycaonia, friend of ss. Basil and Gregory Nazianzen, born in Caesarea of Cappadocia around 340–45. Educated at the…
Amphion, Saint(ANFIONE, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 752 ANFIONE, saint. – Bishop of Epiphania in Cilicia, he took part in the Councils of Ancyra (314), Neocaesarea (314), and Nicaea (325). An opponent of the Arians,…
Amphipolis(ANFIPOLI ('ΑΜΦΙΠΌΛΙΣ))Vol. I, p. 752 ANFIPOLI ('Αμφιπόλις). - City of eastern Macedonia (today the village of Neokhori [on]), about 5 km from the Aegean Sea, on the river Strimone (today the…
Amphitrite(ANFITRITE ('ΑΜΦΙΤΡΊΤΗ))Vol. I, p. 752 AMPHITRITE ('Αμφιτρίτη). - Greek divinity of the sea. The name must be identical with that of other marine beings in which the element trit appears: Greek…
AmpliusVol. I, p. 683 AMPLIUS. - The operative part of the decisions of the S. Congregations (v. CONGREGAZIONI ROMANE; CURIA ROMANA) is generally drafted in brief formulas:…
Ampulla(AMPOLLA)Vol. I, p. 683 AMPOLLA. — A small vessel with a narrow neck and a body of varied shape, intended to contain the wine and water for Holy Mass, the holy oils, aromatic…
Ampulla of Blood(AMPOLLA DI SANGUE)Vol. I, p. 684 AMPOLLA DI SANGUE. — Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, this expression and others like it have commonly been used to designate those small flasks…
Ampurias And Temple, Diocese Of(AMPURIAS E TEMPIO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 685 AMPURIAS AND TEMPIO, diocese of. — In Sardinia, in the province of Sassari. It embraces the north-eastern territory of the island, approximately contained…
Ampère, André-MarieVol. I, p. 682 AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE. — French physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, b. at Poleymieux near Lyon on 22 January 1775, d. at Marseille on 11 June 1836. He was…
Amraphel (Septuagint Ἀμαρράλ)(AMRAFEL (SETTANTA) ἈΜΑΡΡΆΛ))Vol. I, p. 685 AMRAFEL (Septuagint) Ἀμαρράλ). - King of Sennar, who, together with Arioch (v.) and Thadal, followed Chodorlahomor (v.) of Elam in the expedition against the…
Amrhein, AndreasVol. I, p. 686 AMRHEIN, ANDREAS. — Founder of the Benedictine Congregation of S. Odilia for the Foreign Missions (Benediktiner von St. Ottilien für auswärtige Missionen).…
AmrtaVol. I, p. 686 AMRTA. - The a., which in the Rgveda (v.) is the drink of the gods, capable of conferring immortality, has its earthly counterpart in soma, “the pressed one,”…
Amulet(AMULETO)Vol. I, p. 686 AMULET. — A word of uncertain etymology (from Lat. amoliri, “to remove”?; from Arabic himālah, “pendant, appendage”?) referring to objects erroneously believed…
Amulio, MarcantonioVol. I, p. 690 AMULIO, MARCANTONIO. - Cardinal, of the noble Venetian da Mula family, b. in 1505, d. at Rome on 13 March 1570. Podestà of Venice in 1529 and subsequently…
Amun, Saint(AMUN, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 690 AMUN, santo: v. AMMONE.
Amusements(DIVERTIMENTI)Vol. IV, p. 1015 DIVERTIMENTI. - I. GENERAL NOTIONS. - Etymologically, the word d. from diverto means deviation, digression. And in reality d. consists in diverting the tension…
Amyot, JacquesVol. I, p. 690 AMYOT, JACQUES. – French writer, born in Melun on 30 October 1513, died there on 6 February 1593. He studied in Paris, rapidly excelling in his knowledge of…
Amyraut, MoïseVol. I, p. 690 AMYRAUT, MOÏSE. - Calvinist theologian, b. at Bourgueil in Sept. 1596, d. at Saumur on 8 Jan. 1664. He studied law at Poitiers, then theology at Saumur, where…
Améline, ClaudeVol. I, p. 632 AMÉLINE, CLAUDE. - Oratorian theologian, born in Paris in 1635, died there in 1706. At the age of 25 he entered the Oratory, where he came to know Malebranche.…
Amélineau, Émile-ClémentVol. I, p. 632 AMÉLINEAU, ÉMILE-CLÉMENT. - French Egyptologist, b. at La Chaize-Giraud (Vendée) on 28 Aug. 1850, d. at Châteaudun in Jan. 1915. A priest, he attended in Paris…
Anabaptists(ANABATTISTI)Vol. I, p. 690 ANABAPTISTS. — The term “anabaptism” is difficult to classify, since, from the sixteenth century onward, it embraced those radicals of Protestantism who were…
Anabolism(ANABOLISMO)Vol. I, p. 691 ANABOLISMO: V. METABOLISMO.
Anacletus (Cletus), Pope, Saint(ANACLETO (CLETO), PAPA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 691 ANACLETO (CLETO), POPE, saint. — According to the papal list preserved for us by St. Irenaeus (Adv. haer., III, 3: PG 7, 849), A. succeeded Linus, the…
Anacletus II, Antipope(ANACLETO II, ANTIPAPA)Vol. I, p. 691 ANACLETO II, ANTIPOPE. — Belonging to one of the most illustrious families of Rome, Pietro Pierleoni, the grandson of a Jew converted at the time of Leo IX,…
Anacrobiosis(ANACROBIOSI)Vol. I, p. 693 ANACROBIOSI: V. FERMENTAZIONE.
Anadocus (Ὁ Ἀνάδοχος = «Guarantor»)(ANÀDOCO (Ὁ ἈΝΆΔΟΧΟΣ = «GARANTE»))Vol. I, p. 693 ANÀDOCO (ὁ ἀνάδοχος = “guarantor”). - In the Byzantine liturgy he is the equivalent of a godfather. His presence is required at Baptism, whereas nothing is…
Anadón, Juan(ANADON, JUÁN)Vol. I, p. 693 ANADON, JUÁN. – Ascetic Carthusian writer, born at Vivel del Rio Martín (Spain) in the first half of the seventeenth century, died at Las Fuentes on 14 April…
