Alexander VI, Pope(ALESSANDRO VI, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 488 ALESSANDRO VI, PAPA. — Rodrigo Borgia (Borja), born in 1430 or ’31 at Xativa, in the province of Valencia, to Jofré and Isabella, sister of Alfonso, the future…
Alexander VII, Pope(ALESSANDRO VII, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 493 ALEXANDER VII, POPE. - Fabio Chigi, born at Siena on 13 Feb. 1599. He was in Rome from Dec. 1626 to Oct. 1629; vice-legate at Ferrara until June 1634, he also…
Alexander VIII, Pope(ALESSANDRO VIII, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 494 ALESSANDRO VIII, PAPA. — Pietro Vito Ottoboni, of a noble Venetian family, born on 22 October 1610, took degrees in both laws at Padua and, having gone to…
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky(ALESSANDRO JAROSLAVIĆ NEWSKI)Vol. I, p. 498 ALESSANDRO JAROSLAVIĆ NEWSKI. – Born in 1220 (?), died in 1263. While still a young prince, he was lieutenant at Novgorod and, in that capacity, defeated the…
Alexander, ArchibaldVol. I, p. 503 ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD. - American Presbyterian theologian, b. at Augusta (now Rockbridge) on 17 April 1772, d. at Princeton (New Jersey) on 22 October 1851.…
Alexander, Bishop and Patron of Fiesole, Martyr(ALESSANDRO, VESCOVO E PATRONO DI FIESOLE, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 482 ALESSANDRO, bishop and patron of FIESOLE, martyr. — On his return from Pavia, where he had gone to see the emperor Lothair (associated with the Empire in 817,…
Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, Saint, Martyr(ALESSANDRO, VESCOVO DI GERUSALEMME, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 482 ALESSANDRO, bishop of GERUSALEMME, saint, martyr. — Educated at the school of Alexandria, he was a disciple of Pantaenus and Clement and a faithful friend of…
Alexander, Evenzio and Teodulo, Saints, Martyrs(ALESSANDRO, EVENZIO E TEODULO, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. I, p. 497 ALESSANDRO, EVENZIO and TEODULO, saints, martyrs. — The Hieronymian Martyrology, the Gregorian Sacramentary, and the Gelasian Sacramentary of the eighth…
Alexander, Joseph AddisonVol. I, p. 503 ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON. - Third son of Alexander Archibald (v.), Presbyterian exegete, b. in Philadelphia in 1809, d. at Princeton in 1860. From 1838 he…
Alexander, Metropolitan of Gerapoli(ALESSANDRO, METROPOLITA DI GERAPOLI)Vol. I, p. 482 ALESSANDRO, metropolitan of GERAPOLI. — He took part in the Council of Ephesus, protesting that the so-called Orientals had not been awaited, namely the…
Alexander, Patriarch of Antioch(ALESSANDRO, PATRIARCA D'ANTIOCHIA)Vol. I, p. 481 ALESSANDRO, patriarch of ANTIOCH. — He had spent his life practicing monastic virtues and every kind of austerity when, in 313, he succeeded Porphyry as…
Alexander, Saint, Bishop of Constantinople(ALESSANDRO, VESCOVO DI COSTANTINOPOLI, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 482 ALESSANDRO, bishop of CONSTANTINOPLE, saint. — Consecrated bishop of Byzantium between 313 and 317, he died in 336. He was a defender of orthodoxy against the…
Alexander, Saint, Martyr(ALESSANDRO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 480 ALESSANDRO, saint, martyr: v. SISINNIO, MARTIRIO e ALESSANDRO, santi, martiri.
Alexander, Saint, Patriarch of Alexandria(ALESSANDRO, PATRIARCA DI ALESSANDRIA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 481 ALESSANDRO, patriarch of ALEXANDRIA, saint. — He occupied the see from 312 to 326. When Arius, a member of his Church, began to spread his doctrines concerning…
Alexandra Asmonea(ALESSANDRA ASMONEA)Vol. I, p. 465 ALESSANDRA ASMONEA. - Princess of the Asmonean family (v.), daughter of Ircano II, high priest and ethnarch, she married her cousin Alessandro, son of…
Alexandra Salome(ALESSANDRA SALOME)Vol. I, p. 465 ALESSANDRA SALOME. - Hasmonaean queen, born in 140, died in 67 B.C. She was the wife of Aristobulo I (v.); when he died (103 B.C.) without children, A.…
Alexandre, NoëlVol. I, p. 504 ALEXANDRE, NOËL. – Dominican historian-theologian, born at Rouen on 19 January 1639; died at Paris on 21 August 1724. He entered the Dominicans at Rouen in…
AlexandreionVol. I, p. 504 ALEXANDREION. – Palestinian fortress, built near the Jordan, where the Qarn Sartabe ends, by Alessandro Jannico (d. in 76 B.C.). It often served as a refuge…
Alexandria in 1707(ALESSANDRIA NEL 1707)Vol. I, p. 466 ALESSANDRIA in 1707 – The principal churches. Engraving by J. Leopoldo. – Library of the National Institute of Archaeology and Art. cesi. It then came under…
Alexandria of Egypt(ALESSANDRIA D'EGITTO)Vol. I, p. 466 ALEXANDRIA OF EGYPT A city in Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C., 14 km west of the Nile branch called Canopus on the Mediterranean shore…
Alexandrinism(ALESSANDRISMO)Vol. I, p. 479 ALESSANDRIANISM. – A philosophical tendency inspired by the interpretation that Alexander of Aphrodisias (v.) gave of Aristotle’s thought, especially as…
Alexei Pleščeev(ALESSIO PLEŠČEJEV)Vol. I, p. 503 ALESSIO PLEŠČEJEV. – Dissident Metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia from 1354 to 1378. He was one of the most celebrated metropolitans of the Grand Duchy of…
Alexici, IoanVol. I, p. 504 ALEXICI, IOAN. – Greek-Catholic bishop in Transylvania, born on 24 June 1801 in Maladia and died on 29 June 1863 in Gherla. On 28 October 1855 he was…
Alexios I Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium(ALESSIO I COMMENO, IMPERATORE DI BISANZIO)Vol. I, p. 502 ALESSIO I COMMENO, emperor of BYZANTIUM. — He reigned from 1081 to 1118. He belonged to a feudal family originally from Comune in Thrace, but transplanted to…
Alexius, AristenesVol. I, p. 504 ALEXIUS, ARISTENES: v. ARISTENO, ALESSIO.
Alexius, Saint(ALESSIO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 501 ALESSIO, saint. - According to the oldest version of the legend, which seems to contain the authentic history of the saint, he was an anonymous Roman beggar,…
Alfani, AugustoVol. I, p. 512 ALFANI, AUGUSTO. – Member of the Accademia della Crusca, philosopher and educationalist, born in Florence on 17 November 1844, died there in 1923. A teacher of…
Alfani, Domenico and Orazio(ALFANI, DOMENICO E ORAZIO)Vol. I, p. 513 ALFANI, DOMENICO and ORAZIO. — Painters. DOMENICO, born in Perugia ca. 1480, died after 1553, a collaborator and friend of Raffaello, painted after the…
Alfani, GuidoVol. I, p. 513 ALFANI, GUIDO. — Born in Florence on 17 January 1876 to Prof. Augusto, a member of the Accademia della Crusca, and Luisa Carobbi; he died there on 20 November…
Alfano (Alphanus), Archbishop of Salerno(ALFANO (ALPHANUS), ARCIVESCOVO DI SALERNO)Vol. I, p. 513 ALFANO (Alphanus), archbishop of SALERNO. — Theologian, philosopher, physician, and poet. Born at Salerno of a most noble family between 1015 and 1020, he died…
Alfano da TermoliVol. I, p. 514 ALFANO DA TERMOLI. – Apulian sculptor of the first half of the 12th century. Three capitals formerly belonging to the destroyed ciborium above the high altar…
Alfarano, TiberioVol. I, p. 516 ALFARANO, TIBERIO. - Born at Gerace (Reggio Calabria), by 1544 he was already serving at S. Pietro, and from 1567 was a beneficiary cleric there. He died in…
Alfaro, Pedro deVol. I, p. 516 ALFARO, PEDRO de. - Spanish Franciscan, missionary in the Philippines, born at Seville in the first half of the sixteenth century. Superior of the first…
AlfeldtVol. I, p. 516 ALFELDT: v. AGOSTINO d'ALFELDT.
Alferius, Saint(ALFERIO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 516 ALFERIO, saint. - Founder and first abbot of the Cluniac monastery of Cava dei Tirreni, born in 931, according to the life written in the first half of the…
Alfieri, Benedetto InnocenteVol. I, p. 516 BENEDETTO INNOCENTE ALFIERI. — Architect, of a noble Asti family, born in Rome in 1700, where he had Pope Innocent XII as his godfather, died in Turin on 9…
Alfieri, PietroVol. I, p. 517 ALFIERI, PIETRO. – Musician, born on 29 June 1801 and died on 12 June 1863 in Rome. A Camaldolese monk, abbot, professor of singing at the English College in…
Alfieri, VittorioVol. I, p. 517 ALFIERI, VITTORIO. – Tragic poet, born in Asti on 16 January 1749, “of noble, prosperous, and honourable parents,” Antonio and Monica Maillard di Tournon; died…
Alfio, Saint, Martyr(ALFIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 519 ALFIO, saint, martyr. - They were from Lentini. This saint, together with his two brothers Filadelfio and Cirino, is known to us from a late text (8th-9th…
Alfonso (Alonso) of Madrid(ALFONSO (ALONSO) DI MADRID)Vol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO (ALONSO) di MADRID. – Spanish Franciscan writer, born in Madrid in the last quarter of the 15th century. Nothing is known of his life. He wrote: Arte…
Alfonso D'AragonaVol. I, p. 521 ALFONSO d'ARAGONA – Naples, entrance arch to Castel Nuovo. F. Laurana and collaborators (1455–66). He vainly attempted to placate him with broad concessions;…
Alfonso de IslaVol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO de ISLA. — Portuguese Franciscan of the sixteenth century. Nothing is known of his life. He published Tesoro de virtudes (Medina 1543, and elsewhere).…
Alfonso de OrozcoVol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO de OROZCO: v. OROZCO, ALFONSO de. ALFONSO, PIETRO (MOSÉ SEPHARDO): v. PIETRO D'ALFONSO.
Alfonso Della CroceVol. I, p. 523 ALFONSO della CROCE. – Spanish Franciscan of the seventeenth century, born into a noble family at Valdemoro, died at Medina on 24 January 1631. He was several…
Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara(ALFONSO I D'ESTE, DUCA DI FERRARA)Vol. I, p. 523 ALFONSO I D'ESTE, duke of FERRARA. — Born at Ferrara on 21 July 1476 to Ercole I and Eleonora d'Aragona, daughter of Ferdinando, king of Naples; died on 31…
Alfonso I of Aragon, Called the Battler(ALFONSO I D'ARAGONA, DETTO IL BATALLADOR)Vol. I, p. 519 ALFONSO I d'ARAGONA, called the BATALLADOR. - Having succeeded his brother Pietro I in 1104, he ruled the Aragonese throne until his death in 1134. As a result…
Alfonso I of Portugal, Called the Conqueror(ALFONSO I, RE DI PORTOGALLO, DETTO IL CONQUISTATORE)Vol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO I, king of PORTUGAL, called the CONQUEROR — Born in 1109, died in 1185, he was the first king of Portugal, more commonly called Alfonso Henriquez. His…
Alfonso I, King of the Asturias, Called the Catholic(ALFONSO I, RE DELLE ASTURIE, DETTO IL CATTOLICO)Vol. I, p. 520 ALFONSO I, king of the ASTURIAS, called the CATHOLIC. — B. in 693, d. in 756, son of Peter, duke of Cantabria, he was the son-in-law of that Pelagius who at…
Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara(ALFONSO II D'ESTE, DUCA DI FERRARA)Vol. I, p. 523 ALFONSO II D'ESTE, duke of FERRARA. — Born at Ferrara on 22 November 1533 to Ercole II and Renata of France, daughter of Luigi XII; died there on 27 October…
Alfonso II of Aragon and I of Catalonia(ALFONSO II D'ARAGONA E I DI CATALOGNA)Vol. I, p. 519 ALFONSO II d'ARAGONA and I of CATALOGNA. - Son of the count of Barcelona Raimondo Berengario IV and of Petronilla, niece of Alfonso I and daughter of Ramiro…
Alfonso II of Portugal, Called the Fat(ALFONSO II, RE DI PORTOGALLO, DETTO IL GRASSO)Vol. I, p. 525 ALFONSO II, king of PORTOGALLO, called the FAT. - Born in 1185, died in 1223, grandson of Alfonso and son of Sancio I. At the congress of Coimbra (1211) he…
Alfonso II, King of Asturias and León, called the Chaste(ALFONSO II, RE DELLE ASTURIE E LEÓN, DETTO IL CASTO)Vol. I, p. 520 ALFONSO II, king of ASTURIAS and LEÓN, called the Chaste. — B. in 759, d. in 842; son of Fruela, he fought successfully against the Moors, reaching, in…
Alfonso III of Aragon and II of Catalonia(ALFONSO III D'ARAGONA E II DI CATALOGNA)Vol. I, p. 519 ALFONSO III of ARAGON and II of CATALONIA. — Born in 1265, died in 1291. He succeeded Pietro III (II) in 1282 under difficult circumstances caused by the…
Alfonso III of León, the Great(ALFONSO III, RE DI LEÓN, IL GRANDE)Vol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO III, king of LEÓN, the GREAT. — Born in 838, died in 912, son of Ordoño I. Under his rule began the internal dissensions among the Christians that were…
Alfonso III of Portugal, Called the Reformer(ALFONSO III, RE DI PORTOGALLO, DETTO IL RIFORMATORE)Vol. I, p. 525 ALFONSO III, king of PORTUGAL, called the REFORMER. — Born in 1210, died in 1279. He earned the title of “reformer” for his various civil achievements:…
Alfonso IV of Aragon and III of Catalonia(ALFONSO IV D'ARAGONA E III DI CATALOGNA)Vol. I, p. 520 ALFONSO IV d'ARAGONA e III di CATALOGNA. – Born in 1299, died in 1336; he ascended the throne in 1327 following the death of his father Giacomo II, after…
Alfonso IV of Portugal, Called the Brave(ALFONSO IV, RE DI PORTOGALLO, DETTO IL BRAVO)Vol. I, p. 525 ALFONSO IV, king of PORTUGAL, called the BRAVE. — Nephew of his predecessor and son of Don Dionisio, he ascended the throne in 1291. He was unpopular because…
Alfonso IV, King of Asturias and León, called the Monk(ALFONSO IV, RE DELLE ASTURIE E LEÓN, DETTO IL MONACO)Vol. I, p. 520 ALFONSO IV, king of ASTURIAS and LEÓN, called the MONK — Son of Ordoño II, he reigned from 925 to 932. Initially favored by fortune with a victory over the…
Alfonso IX, King of León(ALFONSO IX, RE DI LEÓN)Vol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO IX, king of LEÓN. – Son of Ferdinando II, b. in 1171, d. in 1230. Through marriages, he sought union with other kingdoms of the peninsula. He first…
Alfonso López de Spina(ALFONSO LOPEZ DE SPINA)Vol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO LOPEZ DE SPINA: v. SPINA, ALFONSO LOPEZ de.
Alfonso Maria de' LiguoriVol. I, p. 529 ALFONSO MARIA DE' LIGUORI, saint – Profession of faith with autograph signature (1762) – Vatican Secret Archives. Fondo Processi Concettoriali. Tommaso…
Alfonso of Cartagena (Alonso de Santa María de Cartagena)(ALFONSO DI CARTAGENA (ALONSO DE SANTA MARIA DE CARTAGENA))Vol. I, p. 521 ALFONSO di CARTAGENA (ALONSO DE SANTA MARIA DE CARTAGENA). — Son of the converted Jew Paolo di s. Maria, bishop of Burgos (1435) and counsellor to Giovanni II…
Alfonso of Castro(ALFONSO DI CASTRO)Vol. I, p. 522 ALFONSO di CASTRO. – Franciscan theologian of the 16th century, born in Zamora, Spain, in 1495 and died in Brussels on 3 February 1558. At the age of 16 he…
Alfonso of Jesus Mary(ALFONSO DI GESÙ MARIA)Vol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO di GESÙ MARIA. – Spanish Carmelite discalced ascetical writer, b. in 1565 at Villarejo (Cuenca) to noble parents, d. 18 Dec. 1638. He was twice…
Alfonso of the Sorrowful Mother(ALFONSO DELLA MADRE ADDOLORATA)Vol. I, p. 524 ALFONSO della MADRE ADDOLORATA – Discalced Carmelite, in the world León Pavy; born on 7 February 1842 in Audenaarde (Eastern Flanders), died at Bruges on 18…
Alfonso of Zamora(ALFONSO DI ZAMORA)Vol. I, p. 526 ALFONSO di ZAMORA. — Converted rabbi, born at Zamora in 1474, baptized in 1506, died in 1531. He was the first professor of Hebrew at the University of…
Alfonso Rodríguez, Saint(ALFONSO RODRIGUEZ, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 533 ALFONSO RODRIGUEZ, saint. - Spanish Jesuit, born at Segovia on 25 July 1532. Having devoted himself to commerce and married, after the death of his wife and…
Alfonso V of Aragon, IV of Catalonia, I of Naples, called the Magnanimous(ALFONSO V d'ARAGONA, IV di CATALOGNA, I di NAPOLI, detto il MAGNANIMO)Vol. I, p. 520 ALFONSO V d'ARAGONA, IV di CATALOGNA, I di NAPOLI, known as the MAGNANIMO. — Born in 1396, died in 1458. King of Aragon and Sicily from 2 April 1416, when he…
Alfonso V, King of Asturias and León, called the Noble(ALFONSO V, re delle ASTURIE e LEÓN, detto il NOBILE)Vol. I, p. 520 ALFONSO V, king of ASTURIAS and LEÓN, called the NOBLE. — Grandson of Ramiro II, he reigned from 994 to 1027. Under him came the great Christian victory at…
Alfonso V, King of Portugal, Called the African(ALFONSO V, RE DI PORTOGALLO, DETTO L'AFRICANO)Vol. I, p. 525 ALFONSO V, king of PORTUGAL, called the AFRICAN. — Born at Cintra in 1432, died there in 1481. He derived his nickname from the great victories he won in…
Alfonso Vargas of Toledo(ALFONSO VARGAS DI TOLEDO)Vol. I, p. 526 ALFONSO VARGAS di TOLEDO: v. VARGAS ALFONSO.
Alfonso VI, King of Castile and León, called the Brave(ALFONSO VI, RE DI CASTIGLIA E DI LEÓN, DETTO IL BRAVO)Vol. I, p. 521 ALFONSO VI, king of CASTIGLIA and LEÓN, called the BRAVE. - B. in 1030, d. in 1109, son of Ferdinando I, under whom the great conquests of the Christians in…
Alfonso VI, King of Portugal(ALFONSO VI, RE DI PORTOGALLO)Vol. I, p. 525 ALFONSO VI, king of PORTUGAL. — Born in 1643, he succeeded his father Giovanni IV, king of Braganza, who in 1640 had detached the kingdom from Spain. He…
Alfonso VII, Emperor, King of Castile and León(ALFONSO VII, IMPERATORE, RE DI CASTIGLIA E DI LEÓN)Vol. I, p. 521 ALFONSO VII, emperor, king of CASTIGLIA and LEÓN. - B. in 1126, d. in 1157, son of Urraca of Castiglia and Raimondo di Borgogna. After the death of this French…
Alfonso VIII of Las Navas, King of Castile(ALFONSO VIII DE LAS NAVAS, RE DI CASTIGLIA)Vol. I, p. 521 ALFONSO VIII de las Navas, king of CASTIGLIA. - B. in 1158, d. in 1214, son of Sancio III, whom he succeeded while still a minor; this led to discord among the…
Alfonso X, El Sabio (The Wise), of Castile(ALFONSO X, EL SABIO (IL SAPIENTE), DI CASTIGLIA)Vol. I, p. 521 ALFONSO X, el Sabio (the Wise), of CASTILE. - Born in 1221 and died in 1284, he succeeded his father Ferdinand III the Saint in 1252. Military concerns and…
Alfonso XI, King of Castile and León(ALFONSO XI, RE DI CASTIGLIA E DI LEÓN)Vol. I, p. 522 ALFONSO XI, king of CASTILE and LEÓN. — Born in 1311, died in 1350. He was called the Justiciar because of his terrible vengeance against his enemies, but his…
Alfonso XII, King of Spain(ALFONSO XII, RE DI SPAGNA)Vol. I, p. 525 ALFONSO XII, king of SPAGNA. - Son of Queen Isabella II and of the “consort” king Francesco Alfonso di Borbone; b. in 1857, d. at the Prado on 25 Nov. 1885.…
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain(ALFONSO XIII, RE DI SPAGNA)Vol. I, p. 525 ALFONSO XIII, king of SPAIN. — Posthumous son of the preceding, b. 17 May 1886, d. 28 February 1941. Under the care of his mother Maria Cristina, he received a…
Alford, HenryVol. I, p. 533 ALFORD, HENRY. - Anglican theologian of the “Broad Church,” b. in London in 1810; from 1857 dean of Canterbury, where he d. in 1871. He distinguished himself…
Alfred of Shareshel(ALFREDO DI SHARESHEL)Vol. I, p. 534 ALFREDO of SHARESHEL. - Also called Anglico, he was a leading figure in the philosophical-scientific movement of medieval neo-humanism. He made translations…
Alfred the Great(ALFREDO IL GRANDE)Vol. I, p. 533 ALFRED THE GREAT. — King of England, son of Ethelwulf and Osburga, born at Wanading, in Berkshire, in 849, died on 28 October 901. As an adolescent, he went…
Algardi, AlessandroVol. I, p. 534 ALGARDI, ALESSANDRO. – Sculptor and architect, born in Bologna on 27 November 1595, died in Rome in 1654. He learned painting from Ludovico Carracci and worked…
Algarotti, FrancescoVol. I, p. 535 ALGAROTTI, FRANCESCO. - Polymath man of letters, b. in Venezia on 11 Dec. 1712, d. in Pisa in 1764. He possessed an encyclopedic but superficial culture. When…
AlgeriaVol. I, p. 535 ALGERIA. - A. comprises the central section of the Atlas and a broad stretch of the northern Sahara (conquered by France between 1830 and 1870). The latter,…
Algero of Liège(ALGERO DI LIEGI)Vol. I, p. 536 ALGERO of LIEGE. — Theologian and canonist (1060?–1131). Born in a region particularly attached to the emperor and consequently strongly wavering between…
Alghero, Diocese of(ALGHERO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 536 ALGHERO, DIOCESE of. - A city in north-western Sardinia, in the province of Sassari. It arose at the beginning of the 12th century and was occupied in the…
Algiers(ALGERI)Vol. I, p. 535 ALGERI — Mosque of Sidi Abderrahman with the cemetery. A. is a typically Mediterranean region, with predominantly tree-based crops (vines, olives; wine…
Algiers, Archdiocese of(ALGERI, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 535 ALGERI, ARCHDIOCESE of. - Capital city of Algeria, situated on the Mediterranean coast of Africa, on the site of ancient Icosium. Occupied by the French in…
Algranati, CesareVol. I, p. 537 ALGRANATI, CESARE. - Journalist, b. in Ancona in 1865, d. in 1925. A Jew, he converted to Catholicism in 1887 in Rome, on the occasion of his marriage, and…
Algué, JoséVol. I, p. 537 ALGUÉ, JOSÉ. — Spanish Jesuit and scientist, born in Manresa on 18 December 1856, died at Roquetas (Spain) on 27 May 1930. Having completed his ecclesiastical…
Alibrandi, IlarioVol. I, p. 538 ALIBRANDI, ILARIO. — Romanist, born in Rome on 8 February 1823, died there on 27 January 1894. At the University of Rome he taught Pandects from 1849 to 1870;…
AliculaVol. I, p. 538 ALICULA. – A small leather cape, with or without a hood, used by hunters, farmers, laborers, and boys. In the Christian cemetery paintings and sculptures of…
Alidosi, FrancescoVol. I, p. 538 ALIDOSI, FRANCESCO. - Cardinal, b. at Castel del Rio (Imola) between 1450 and 1460, d. at Ravenna in 1511. Secretary and adviser to Card. Giuliano della…
Alienation(ALIENAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 538 ALIENAZIONE: v. BENI ECCLESIASTICI.
Alife, Diocese of(ALIFE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 538 ALIFE, DIOCESE of. – In the Campania region, in the province of Benevento, suffragan of Benevento. It comprises 19 parishes, 32 diocesan priests and 7…
Alighieri, JacopoVol. I, p. 539 ALIGHIERI, JACOPO. - Son of the poet, he obtained in 1325 the revocation of the sentence of exile and died in Firenze in 1348. It is probable that he was, as…
Alighieri, PietroVol. I, p. 539 ALIGHIERI, PIETRO. – The poet’s firstborn son and a doctor of law, he is known to have been a judge in Verona (according to records from 1332 and 1337) and in…
Alignments(ALIGNEMENTS)Vol. I, p. 539 Alignments: v. PREHISTORY, RELIGIONS OF.
Alimonda, GaetanoVol. I, p. 540 ALIMONDA, GAETANO. – Cardinal, born in Genoa on 23 October 1818, died there on 31 May 1891. He studied at the seminary of Genoa and, having been ordained a…
Alimony(ALIMENTI)Vol. I, p. 540 ALIMENTI: v. SCIENZA DELL'ALIMENTAZIONE.
Alimony, Right to(ALIMENTI, DIRITTO AGLI)Vol. I, p. 539 ALIMENTI, RIGHT TO. — The obligation to provide support to persons in a state of need, and especially to those linked by ties of kinship or affinity, is an…
Aliotti, GirolamoVol. I, p. 540 ALIOTTI, GIROLAMO. - Benedictine writer, b. at Arezzo in 1412, d. in 1480. Having entered the abbey of S. Flora (1430), in 1437 he became prior of S. Cecilia…
Alipius, Saint(ALIPIO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 540 ALIPIO, saint. – Bishop of Tagaste, disciple and very close friend of s. Agostino, to whom we owe almost everything that we know about him. Born in Tagaste, a…
Alipius, Stylite, Saint(ALIPIO, STILITA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 541 ALIPIO, STILITA, saint. — Born at Adrianople in Paphlagonia at the beginning of the 6th century. Orphaned of his father at the age of three, he was presented…
Aliprandi, Lorenzo(ALIPRANDI, LOBENZO)Vol. I, p. 541 ALIPRANDI, LOBENZO. — Born in Cremona around 1760, he was a professor of theology. He wrote: Osservazioni teologico-critico-polemiche ecc. (Pavia 1787) against…
Alisan, Leontius(ALISAN, LEONZIO)Vol. I, p. 541 ALISAN, LEONZIO. - Mechitarist of Venice, born in Constantinople in 1820, died in Venice, in the repute of sanctity, on 22 November 1901. He entered the…
Aliwal, Apostolic Vicariate of(ALIWAL, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. I, p. 541 ALIWAL, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE OF. — In South Africa; it was erected on 21 February 1926, through the elevation of the Apostolic Prefecture of Gariep, established…
Alkaloids(ALCALOIDI)Vol. I, p. 447 ALCALOIDI: V. FARMACOLOGIA.
All Saints (Feast of All Saints)(OGNISSANTI (FESTUM OMNIUM SANCTORUM))Vol. IX, p. 81 OGNISSANTI (festum omnium Sanctorum). – The feast of O. (1 November) is intended not only to honor the saints in the strict sense, but, in the Church’s…
All Souls' Day and Martyrs' Day(ANNIVERSARIO DEI DEFUNTI E DEI MARTIRI)Vol. I, p. 835 ANNIVERSARY OF THE DECEASED AND THE MARTYRS: v. DEFUNTI, CULTO dei; MARTIRI, CULTO dei.
Allacci, LeoneVol. I, p. 541 ALLACCI, LEONE. — Greek theologian and scholar, b. at Chios in 1586, d. in Rome on 19 January 1669; the surname appears with the variant spellings Allacio or…
Allah(ALLĀH)Vol. I, p. 542 ALLĀH. - The Arabic name of God, formed, as is generally believed, from the article al and the word ilāh, meaning “God, divinity,” and still preserved today in…
Allahabad, Diocese of(ALLAHABAD, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 542 ALLAHABAD, DIOCESI of. — City of northern India, capital of the district and region of the same name. Its position at the confluence of two sacred rivers, the…
Allamano, GiuseppeVol. I, p. 542 ALLAMANO, GIUSEPPE. - Priest, founder of the Istituto della Consolata per le Missioni estere and of the Suore missionarie della Consolata, b. at Castelnuovo…
Allard, Jean-François-MarieVol. I, p. 543 ALLARD, JEAN-FRANÇOIS-MARIE. – Missionary of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, first apostolic vicar of Natal, b. on 27 November 1806 at La Roche (France), d. in…
Allard, PaulVol. I, p. 543 ALLARD, PAUL. – French historian, born in Rouen on 15 September 1841, died at Senneville-sur-Mer in December 1916. He completed his literary studies at the…
Allegory(ALLEGORIA)Vol. I, p. 547 ALLEGORIA : v. ERMENEUTICA.
Allegretti, CarloVol. I, p. 547 ALLEGRETTI, CARLO. – Painter from the Marches, b. at Monteprandone (Ascoli), in the second half of the sixteenth century. He was inspired by the Venetian…
Allegri Family(ALLEGRI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. I, p. 547 ALLEGRI, FAMIGLIA. — Name of various musicians of the sixteenth century, the greatest of whom was GREGORIO, born in Rome in 1582, died there on 17–18 February…
Allegri, Giuseppe(ALLEGRANZA, GIUSEPPE)Vol. I, p. 547 ALLEGRANZA, GIUSEPPE. - Learned Dominican archaeologist, b. in Milan in 1713, d. in Rome in 1786. He undertook many educational journeys throughout Italy and…
Allegri, PomponioVol. I, p. 548 ALLEGRI, POMPONIO. – Painter, son of Antonio (v. CORREGGIO), born in Correggio on 3 September 1522, died probably in Parma after 1595. His artistic training is…
AlleluiaVol. I, p. 548 ALLELUIA. – A Jewish religious acclamation (“Praise the Lord”), adopted into the Christian liturgy. 1. IN THE BIBLE. – The expression Hallēlā-Jāh is composed…
Allemand, Jean-JosephVol. I, p. 549 ALLEMAND, JEAN-JOSEPH. - Apostle of youth, initiator in France of the oratories (patronages), b. at Marseille on 27 Dec. 1772, d. there on 10 Apr. 1836. A…
Allen, WilliamVol. I, p. 549 ALLEN, WILLIAM. – Apologist, founder of the seminary of Douai and of the English College in Rome, called “the cardinal of England,” b. at Rossal (Lancashire)…
Alletz, Pons-AugustinVol. I, p. 550 ALLETZ, PONS-AUGUSTIN. - French Oratorian, later, having left the Congregation, a lawyer; b. at Montpellier in 1703, d. at Paris in 1785. An indefatigable…
Alliance(ALLEANZA)Vol. I, p. 543 ALLEANZA. – Under this name are known several Protestant organizations, the principal ones being: 1) ALLEANZA EVANGELICA MONDIALE (World's Evangelical…
Alliata, GuglielmoVol. I, p. 550 ALLIATA, GUGLIELMO. — Leader of Catholic Action, born in Rome in 1852, died there in 1937. A graduate of the Catholic University of Louvain, he was president…
Allies, Thomas WilliamVol. I, p. 550 ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM. – English convert, born on 12 February 1813, died on 17 June 1903 in London, the son of a Protestant minister and himself a minister.…
Allievo, GiuseppeVol. I, p. 550 ALLIEVO, GIUSEPPE. — Philosopher and educationalist, born in S. Germano, a village in the Vercellese, on 14 September 1830, died in Turin on 24 June 1913. He…
Allioli, Joseph-Franz vonVol. I, p. 551 ALLIOLI, JOSEPH-FRANZ von. - Biblical scholar, b. 10 Aug. 1793 at Sulzbach (Bavaria), d. 22 May 1873 at Augusta (Augsburg). In 1816 he became a priest at…
Allix, PierreVol. I, p. 551 ALLIX, PIERRE. - Protestant theologian and minister, b. at Alençon in 1641, d. in London on 3 March 1717. Considered one of the most learned and effective…
Allo, ErnestVol. I, p. 551 ALLO, ERNEST. - Dominican exegete, Bernard Marie in religion, b. 3 Feb. 1873 at Quintin (Côtes-du-Nord), d. in Paris on 17 Jan. 1945. He completed his literary…
Allocution(ALLOCUZIONE)Vol. I, p. 551 ALLOCUTION. - A more or less solemn address delivered at an assembly; in particular, the term is more commonly used to indicate those solemn declarations which…
Allori, AlessandroVol. I, p. 551 ALLORI, ALESSANDRO. - Painter, b. in Firenze on 3 May 1535, d. on 22 Sept. 1607. Orphaned of his father, he was taken in by Agnolo Bronzino (v. BRONZINO),…
Allori, CristoforoVol. I, p. 552 ALLORI, CRISTOFORO – Giuditta – Florence, Galleria Pitti. until 1706, when he submitted and withdrew to Geneva. Then he went to Germany, whence, after being…
Allori, Cristoforo (Cristofano)Vol. I, p. 552 ALLORI, CRISTOFORO (CRISTOFANO). — Painter, son of Alessandro, b. in Florence on 17 October 1577, d. there in 1621. He was a pupil of his father, from whom he…
Alluccio (Lucio), Blessed(ALLUCCIO (LUCIO), BEATO)Vol. I, p. 552 ALLUCCIO (LUCIO), blessed. - Son of a certain Homodei, born in Val di Nievole on an uncertain date, he was a shepherd in his early years; he died at Pescia on…
Allut, JeanVol. I, p. 552 ALLUT, JEAN. - One of the Calvinist rebels of the Cévennes known as Camisards, who distinguished themselves in the 18th century for their apocalyptic fervor.…
Alluvion(ALLUVIONE)Vol. I, p. 552 ALLUVIONE: v. ACCESSIONE.
AllvaterVol. I, p. 552 ALLVATER. — This is an expression introduced into the specialized language of ethnology and the history of religions by the English explorer A. W. Howitt in…
Allys, Eugène-Marie-JosephVol. I, p. 553 ALLYS, EUGÈNE-MARIE-JOSEPH. – Apostolic Vicar of Hué (Annam). Born on 12 February 1852 at Paimpoint (Rennes), he entered the Paris Society of Foreign Missions…
Allé, Girolamo(ALLE, GIROLAMO)Vol. I, p. 543 ALLE, GIROLAMO. - Bolognese preacher, b. in 1582, d. in 1660. He entered (1607) the Order of S. Girolamo of Fiesole, becoming its definitor. For thirty years…
Alma MaterVol. I, p. 553 ALMA MATER. – A medieval expression, synonymous with University. The concept of “mother” was applied to the university from the very origins of this glorious…
Alma Redemptoris MaterVol. I, p. 554 «ALMA REDEMPTORIS MATER». - It is the first of the four great Marian antiphons, and is recited at the end of Lauds and Compline, from the First Sunday of…
Alma RomaVol. I, p. 554 ALMA ROMA. – Monthly periodical published in Rome from January 1913 to October 1942, at the Vatican printing press. It had been preceded by another similar…
Almachus, Saint, Martyr(ALMACHO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 553 ALMACHO, saint, martyr. — The fuller codices of the Hieronymian Martyrology have preserved under 1 January the following notice concerning A.: «Natalis of A.,…
Almain, JacquesVol. I, p. 553 ALMAIN, JACQUES. — French Gallican theologian, b. at Sens around 1480, d. in Paris in 1515. First a student and then, from 1512, a professor at the Collège de…
Almatò, Pedro-José, Blessed(ALMATÒ, PEDRO-JOSÉ, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 554 ALMATÒ, PEDRO-JOSÉ, blessed. – Dominican, martyred in Tonkin on 1 November 1861. Born on 1 November 1830 in S. Feliz Saserra (Spain), he entered the college of…
Almeida Pereira de Andrade, Fortunato deVol. I, p. 555 ALMEIDA PEREIRA DE ANDRADE, FORTUNATO de. – Portuguese scholar and historian, born in 1869, died in 1933, member of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, whose…
Almeida, Apollinare deVol. I, p. 554 ALMEIDA, APOLLINARE de. - Jesuit, b. in Lisbon in 1587, entered the novitiate in 1601; titular bishop of Nicaea and coadjutor of the patriarch of Ethiopia. He…
Almeida, Luis deVol. I, p. 554 ALMEIDA, LUIS de. — Missionary in Japan, born in Lisbon around 1525, died in October 1583 on the island of Amacusa. Having completed medical studies in his…
Almeida, Manuel deVol. I, p. 555 ALMEIDA, MANUEL de. - Jesuit missionary, born at Viseu (Portugal) in 1581 and entered religion in 1594, he left for the missions of the East in 1601. He was…
Almeida, Theodoro deVol. I, p. 555 ALMEIDA, THEODORO de. - Oratorian, b. in Lisbon in 1722, d. there in 1804. He taught philosophy and natural sciences, and published in 10 vols. his major work,…
Almería, Diocese of(ALMERIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 555 ALMERIA, DIOCESI di. — In Spain, situated in the territory of the province of the same name, suffragan of Granata. Within its boundaries was the ancient see of…
Almici, CamilloVol. I, p. 555 ALMICI, CAMILLO. — Italian Oratorian, theologian, and scholar, born on June 2, 1714, in Brescia and died in 1779. He was versed in every branch of knowledge…
Almo (Alano), Abbot(ALMO (ALANO), ABATE)Vol. I, p. 555 ALMO (ALANO), abbot. - Alnus is a form due to an error by Dempster, but the true name is Alanus: a Cistercian abbot, died 28 June 1236. From the abbey of…
Alms(ELEMOSINA)Vol. V, p. 145 ELEMOSINA. — I. CONCEPT. — From the Greek ἐλεημοσάνη = compassion, it generally means any assistance given to one who is in need; it therefore embraces both…
AlmuziaVol. I, p. 555 ALMUZIA. — A form of hood joined to a short cape, whose rear part was longer than the front, which in the Middle Ages constituted the choir dress of certain…
Aloe ('ΑΛῺΣ, from ἌΛΩΣ "Let it be")(ALÒE ('ΑΛῺΣ, DA ἌΛΩΣ «SIA»))Vol. I, p. 556 ALÒE ('Αλὼς, from ἄλως “threshing-floor”). - A festival of the Athenian calendar, falling in the month of Posideon (15 Dec.-15 Jan.), dedicated to Demeter and…
Alogi ('ΑΛΌΓΟΙ')Vol. I, p. 556 ALOGI ('Αλόγοι'). — A sect known to us from s. Epiphanius (Haer., 51, 1-35; PG 41, 888-953), who gave it this name (ἄλογος, “without Logos”), accusing it of…
Aloisi (Alovisi), Giovanni BattistaVol. I, p. 556 ALOISI (ALOVISI), GIOVANNI BATTISTA. — A musician of the late seventeenth century, of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual. Chapel master in Bologna, he…
Aloisi Galanini, Baldassare, Called Il Galanino(ALOISI GALANINI, BALDASSARRE, DETTO IL GALANINO)Vol. I, p. 556 ALOISI GALANINI, BALDASSARRE, known as GALANINO. — Painter, born in Bologna in 1577, died in Rome in 1638. His noteworthy works include the Visitation in the…
Aloisi-Masella, GaetanoVol. I, p. 556 ALOISI-MASELLA, GAETANO. – Cardinal, born in Pontecorvo on 30 September 1826, died in Rome on 22 November 1902. Having entered the papal diplomatic service, he…
Alovisiani, Giacomo BattistaVol. I, p. 556 ALOVISIANI, GIACOMO BATTISTA. – An Augustinian, born in Ravenna toward the end of the 1400s, died around 1510. He spent almost his entire life in the convent…
Alpha and Omega(ALFA E OMEGA)Vol. I, p. 515 ALFA E OMEGA - Marble inscription from the Cemetery of Commodilla (a. 409) - Rome, Lateran Museum. BIBL.: E. Bertaux, L'art dans l'Italie méridionale, I, Paris…
Alphabet(ALFABETO)Vol. I, p. 504 ALPHABET. — It is the means of expressing the individual vocalic and consonantal elements of a word by means of determinate and constant signs. 1. ORIGIN. — a)…
Alpheus(ALFEO)Vol. I, p. 516 ALFEO. – The name Ἀλφαῖος is probably the Hebrew or Aramaic Halpai (I Mach. 11, 70; Calphi, gr. Χαλφί), formed like Ἀγγαῖος from Haggai; it designates two…
Alsace(ALSAZIA)Vol. I, p. 556 ALSAZIA. – Natural and historical region on the middle Rhine along the Franco-German ethnic boundary. It consists of a plain (elevated almost everywhere above…
Alsted, Johann HeinrichVol. I, p. 557 ALSTED, JOHANN HEINRICH. - German Protestant theologian, b. in 1588 at Ballersbach (Nassau), d. at Weissenburg in 1638. In 1616 he became professor of…
Altamirano, Diego Francesco deVol. I, p. 557 ALTAMIRANO, DIEGO FRANCESCO de. – Jesuit, born in Madrid on 25 October 1625, died in Lima on 22 December 1715. Having departed for the missions of Paraguay, he…
Altamirano, Pedro IgnacioVol. I, p. 557 ALTAMIRANO, PEDRO IGNACIO. — Spanish Jesuit, born at Cártama (Malaga) on 31 July 1693, and entered the Society in 1708, in the province of Andalusia. Around…
Altamura, Francesco SaverioVol. I, p. 557 FRANCESCO SAVERIO ALTAMURA. — Painter, born in Foggia in 1826, died in Naples on 6 January 1897. He reacted against the academicism of his time, creating his…
Altar(ALTARE)Vol. I, p. 558 ALTAR. – A flat horizontal surface, raised above the ground, intended for sacrifice. 1. JEWISH ARCHAEOLOGY. – In the Old Testament (Heb. and Phoen. mizbāh,…
Altdorfer, AlbrechtVol. I, p. 562 ALTDORFER, ALBRECHT. - German painter, woodcut artist, and architect, born shortly before 1480 in Amberg, died between February 12 and March 29, 1538 in…
Alteca Boteca(ALTECABOTECA)Vol. I, p. 567 ALTECABOTECA. - Corrupted form of 'Al tēhl ha-'abhōtēhā (“Do not be like your fathers”): the opening words by which the anti-Christian work written around 1396…
Altemps (Hohenems), Marcus Sittich d'Vol. I, p. 567 ALTEMPS (HOHENEMS), MARCUS SITTICH d'. - Cardinal, b. at Hohenems (Vorarlberg) in 1533, d. at Rome in 1595. Nephew on his mother’s side of Card. G. A. de'…
Alter, Franz KarlVol. I, p. 567 ALTER, FRANZ KARL. - Jesuit philologist, b. at Engelsberg (Czechoslovakia) on 21 Jan. 1749, d. at Vienna on 29 March 1804. Having entered (1766) the Bohemian…
Altercatio De AnimaVol. I, p. 567 ALTERCATIO DE ANIMA. – Fragment of a dialogue (?) against traducianism. The author proves from Holy Scripture that souls are created directly by God. The…
Altercatio of Jason and Papiscus(ALTERCATIO DI GIASONE E PAPISCO)Vol. I, p. 567 ALTERCATIO di GIASONE e PAPISCO: v. ARISTONE di PELLA.
Alternative(ALTERNATIVA)Vol. I, p. 567 ALTERNATIVA: v. PROVVISTA CANONICA.
Alteserra, AntonioVol. I, p. 567 ALTESERRA, ANTONIO: v. DEDIN D'HAUTESERRE.
Altfried (Altfried)Vol. I, p. 568 ALTFRIED (ALTFRIED). – Bishop of Hildesheim from 851 until his death on 15 August 874. He was a Benedictine monk of Corvey (near Minden in Westphalia), and…
AlthamarVol. I, p. 568 ALTHAMAR. - Island on Lake Van, it was the seat of the antikatholikos of the Armenian Church. The first to hold this see was the antikatholikos David…
Althamer, AndreasVol. I, p. 568 ALTHAMER, ANDREAS. — Lutheran theologian and humanist, b. ca. 1500 at Brenz, near Gundelfingen (Württemberg)—hence also the appellations «Brentius,…
Althan, Michael Frederick d'(ALTHAN, MICHELE FEDERICO D')Vol. I, p. 568 ALTHAN, MICHELE FEDERICO d'. - Cardinal, viceroy of Naples, born at Glatz (Silesia) in 1682, died at Vácz (Hungary) in 1734. Canon of Olmütz and Breslau,…
Althusius (Althus, Altusio), JohannesVol. I, p. 568 ALTHUSIUS (Althus, Altusio), JOHANNES. - German Protestant jurist, born in East Friesland or the principality of Wittgenstein, c. 1556, died in Emden in 1638.…
Altichiero da ZevioVol. I, p. 569 ALTICHIERO da ZEVIO. - Painter, born at Zevio near Verona in 1320, died, perhaps at Verona, after 1390. After having worked, it seems, in Verona in the palace…
Alticocci (Alticotti), Lorenzo(ALTICOZZI (ALTICOTTI), LORENZO)Vol. I, p. 569 ALTICOZZI (ALTICOTTI), LORENZO. — Italian Jesuit theologian, born in Cortona on 25 March 1689, died in 1777. He was rector of the Scottish College in Rome. He…
AltieriVol. I, p. 569 ALTIERI. — Roman family, known as early as the Middle Ages, belonging to the lesser nobility and actively participating in civic life. The first to make a name…
Altieri, LudovicoVol. I, p. 569 ALTIERI, LUDOVICO. – Cardinal, born in Rome on 11 July 1805, to Paluzzo and Maria Anna of Saxony; died at Albano on 11 August 1867. After having been a…
Alting, JakobVol. I, p. 570 ALTING, JAKOB. - Calvinist Hebraist, b. at Heidelberg in 1618, d. at Groningen in 1679. He was the son of the Calvinist theologian Johan Heinrich (v.), whose…
