Beatrice de Silva Meneses, Blessed(BEATRICE DE SILVA MENESES, BEATA)Vol. II, p. 652 BEATRICE de SILVA MENESES, blessed. – Born in Ceuta (1424) to Portuguese nobility. Sister of Blessed Amedeo. A lady-in-waiting to Isabella of Portugal, queen…
Beatrice della ConcezioneVol. II, p. 652 BEATRICE della CONCEZIONE. — A mystical Poor Clare, born in 1594 and deceased in 1646, natural daughter of the duke of Terranova. Her father forcibly confined…
Beatrice I d'Este, Blessed(BEATRICE I D'ESTE, BEATA)Vol. II, p. 652 BEATRICE I d'ESTE, blessed. – Benedictine nun, born on an uncertain date (ca. 1191?) to Azzo VI d'Este and a Savoyard woman, probably Sofia, daughter of Count…
Beatrice II d'Este, Blessed(BEATRICE II D'ESTE, BEATA)Vol. II, p. 652 BEATRICE II d'ESTE, blessed. — Benedictine, daughter of Azzo VII d'Este and niece of the preceding. Having already become a widow, according to some, she…
Beatrice of Nazareth, Blessed(BEATRICE DI NAZARETH, BEATA)Vol. II, p. 652 BEATRICE di NAZARETH, blessed. - Cistercian nun, b. at Tirlemont c. 1200, d. at Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, near Lier (Brabant), 28 Aug. 1268. She embraced…
Beatrice of Tuscany(BEATRICE DI TOSCANA)Vol. II, p. 652 BEATRICE di TOSCANA. - Marchioness, b. in Lorraine about 1015, d. at Pisa on 28 Apr. 1976. Daughter of Federico, duke of Upper Lorraine, and soon left orphaned…
Beatrice, Saint, Martyr(BEATRICE, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. II, p. 652 BEATRICE, saint, martyr: v. SIMPLICIO, FAUSTINO e BEATRICE (VIATRICE), santi, martiri.
Beatty, Chester, PapiriVol. II, p. 653 BEATTY, CHESTER, papyri. — A collection of 12 groups of Greek papyri, purchased in 1930 and 1931 in Egypt by A. Chester B., perhaps originating from the ruins…
Beaucaire de Peguillon, François deVol. II, p. 654 BEAUCAIRE DE PEGUILLON, FRANÇOIS de. - Theologian and historian, b. at Cresté on 15 April 1514, d. on 14 February 1591. Elected bishop of Metz in 1555, he went…
Beaucousin, RichardVol. II, p. 654 BEAUCOUSIN, RICHARD. - Carthusian, born in Paris in 1561, died in the repute of sanctity at the Charterhouse of Cahors on 8 Aug. 1610. Having completed his…
Beaudenom, LéopoldVol. II, p. 654 BEAUDENOM, LÉOPOLD. - Ascetical writer, born at Tulle on 23 Nov. 1840, died at Puteaux on 21 Dec. 1916. A much sought-after spiritual director and chaplain to…
Beaufort, HenryVol. II, p. 654 BEAUFORT, HENRY. — Cardinal, brother of Henry IV of England, born in 1377, died in 1447. He played an extremely important role in English political life. He…
Beaulieu, Bernard-LouisVol. II, p. 654 BEAULIEU, BERNARD-LOUIS. - Missionary in Korea, b. 8 Oct. 1840 at Langon (France), he entered the Paris Foreign Missions in 1863 and was ordained priest in…
Beaumont, Christophe deVol. II, p. 655 BEAUMONT, CHRISTOPHE de. - Archbishop of Parigi, b. in 1703, d. in Parigi on 12 Dec. 1781, exemplary for the strictness of his morals, his great spirit of…
Beauneveu, AndréVol. II, p. 655 BEAUNEVEU, ANDRÉ. - Painter, miniaturist, sculptor, perhaps architect, b. in France; he worked between 1360 and 1403 also in Flanders and England: at the…
Beauvais, Diocese of(BEAUVAIS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 655 BEAUVAIS, DIOCESE of. — In northeastern France, capital of the department of Oise at the confluence of the Thérain and Avelon rivers. In an area of 5,845 sq.…
Beauzée, NicolasVol. II, p. 656 BEAUZÉE, NICOLAS. - French grammarian and apologist, b. at Verdun on 9 May 1717, d. at Paris on 25 Jan. 1789. B.’s reputation is connected with his studies in…
Bebo of Bamberg(BÉBO DI BAMBERG)Vol. II, p. 656 BÉBO di BAMBERG. - Disciple of the eleventh century, probably a member of the celebrated «Schola Bambergensis» founded by Emperor s. Enrico. Present at the…
Becanus, MartinusVol. II, p. 656 BECANUS, MARTINUS. – Jesuit theologian and controversialist, b. 6 January 1563 at Hilvarenbeek (Netherlands; whence he took his name; his family name was…
Beccadelli, Antonio detto il PanormitaVol. II, p. 659 BECCADELLI, ANTONIO, called il PANORMITA. — Humanist, born in 1394 in Palermo (hence the nickname P.), to a Bolognese family, died in 1471. He soon left his…
Beccadelli, Ludovico(BECCADELLI, LODOVICO)Vol. II, p. 659 BECCADELLI, LODOVICO. — Apostolic nuncio; born in Bologna on 29 January 1501, died in Prato on 17 October 1572. He completed his literary studies at Padua…
Beccafumi, DomenicoVol. II, p. 659 BECCAFUMI, DOMENICO. — Painter, born around 1486 in Val di Siena (Siena), died in Siena in May 1551. From his earliest works, connected with the styles of fra'…
Beccari, AntonioVol. II, p. 660 BECCARI, ANTONIO: v. FERRARA, ANTONIO da.
Beccari, CamilloVol. II, p. 660 BECCARI, CAMILLO. - Jesuit, historian of the missions, b. in Roma on 14 July 1849. Having entered the novitiate in 1863, he taught for twenty years in various…
Beccari, Jacopo BartolomeoVol. II, p. 660 BECCARI, JACOPO BARTOLOMEO. – Born in Bologna in 1692, died in 1766. Chemist and physiologist, he taught chemistry at the University of Bologna: he was the…
Beccari, OdoardoVol. II, p. 661 BECCARI, ODOARDO. - Italian naturalist, explorer, and botanist, b. at Firenze on 16 Nov. 1843, d. there on 25 Oct. 1920. An evolutionist, he should be…
Beccaria, CesareVol. II, p. 661 BECCARIA, CESARE. — Man of letters, economist, jurist. Born in Milan on 15 March 1738, died there on 28 November 1794. He was educated for eight years at the…
Beccaria, Giovanni BattistaVol. II, p. 662 BECCARIA, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. — Born at Mondovì in 1716, he became a Piarist at the age of sixteen and taught philosophy and rhetoric in Palermo and Rome; but,…
Becher, ErichVol. II, p. 662 BECHER, ERICH. - German philosopher, b. at Reinshagen (Remscheid) on 1 Sept. 1882, d. on 5 Jan. 1929 at Monaco di Baviera, where he had been professor since…
Bechet, Thomas, Saint(BECHET, THOMAS, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 662 BECHET, THOMAS, saint: v. TOMMASO BECKET, saint.
BechuanalandVol. II, p. 662 BECHUANALAND: v. KIMBERLEY NELL'AFRICA MERIDIONALE, vicariato apostolico di.
Beck, Christian DanielVol. II, p. 662 BECK, CHRISTIAN DANIEL. - Lutheran theologian and philologist, b. at Leipzig on 22 Jan. 1757, d. there on 13 Dec. 1832. He studied ancient philology, theology,…
Beck, Jakob ChristophVol. II, p. 662 BECK, JAKOB CHRISTOPH. – Swiss Protestant theologian, born and died in Basel (1711–85), where he taught history (1737), theology (1744), and exegesis of the…
Becker y González, JerónimoVol. II, p. 663 BECKER Y GONZÁLEZ, JERÓNIMO. – Spanish historian and journalist, born in Salamanca in 1857 and died in Madrid on 25 March 1925. A serious and conscientious…
Becker, Christian EdmundVol. II, p. 663 BECKER, CHRISTIAN EDMUND. — Of the Congregation of the Salvatorians, first apostolic prefect of Assam, and later founder of the medical-missionary institute of…
Beckwith, John CharlesVol. II, p. 663 BECKWITH, JOHN CHARLES. — A celebrated propagator of Waldensianism in Italy, born in 1782 to an English family at Halifax, Nova Scotia (Dominion of Canada),…
Beckx, Pierre-JeanVol. II, p. 664 BECKX, PIERRE-JEAN. – 22nd Superior General of the Society of Jesus, born 18 February 1795 at Sichem near Diest (Belgium), died in Rome on 4 March 1887. At the…
Becoming(DIVENIRE)Vol. IV, p. 1014 BECOMING. – In the strict sense, it is the coming into being of a being or of any of its determinations, in opposition to perishing or dissolution; in the…
Beda of Saint Simon Stock(BEDA DI SAN SIMONE STOCK)Vol. II, p. 664 BEDA di SAN SIMONE STOCK. – In the world Walter Travers; Discalced Carmelite, b. in 1619 to Protestant parents in Devonshire (England). Coming to Rome, he…
Beddì, Girolamo(BEDDI, GIROLAMO)Vol. II, p. 667 BEDDI, GIROLAMO: v. MAZZOLA BEDOLI, GIROLAMO.
Bede, the Venerable, Saint(BEDA, IL VENERABILE, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 664 BEDA, the VENERABLE, saint. - Doctor of the Church, born in 672-73 at the place where Benedict Biscop founded, in 674, the double monastery of Jarrow and…
Bedetti, Giuseppe, Servant of God(BEDETTI, GIUSEPPE, SERVO DI DIO)Vol. II, p. 667 BEDETTI, GIUSEPPE, Servant of God. — Priest, born in Bologna on 23 July 1799, died there on 4 January 1889. Since, owing to his health, he had been unable as a…
Bedini, GaetanoVol. II, p. 667 BEDINI, GAETANO. — Cardinal; born in Senigallia on 15 May 1806, died in Viterbo on 6 September 1864. After completing his studies at the local seminary, he was…
Bedjan, Paul(BEDJAN, PAOLO)Vol. II, p. 668 BEDJAN, PAOLO. - Orientalist, priest of the Mission, b. at Khosrova in Persia in 1838, and, after having been a zealous missionary among Christians of the…
Bedoli, GirolamoVol. II, p. 668 BEDOLI, GIROLAMO: v. MAZZOLA BEDOLI, GIROLAMO.
BeecherVol. II, p. 668 BEECHER. — Name of an illustrious family from Connecticut in the United States, descended from one of the founders of the New Haven colony. The most celebrated…
Beelen, Johann TheodorVol. II, p. 668 BEELEN, JOHANN THEODOR. - Exegete, b. in Amsterdam on 12 Jan. 1807, canon at Liegi, doctor and professor at the Catholic University of Lovanio, where he d. on…
Beelphegor (Hebrew Ba'al-Pe'or)(BEELPHEGOR (EBR. BA'AL-PE'ÔR))Vol. II, p. 668 BEELPHEGOR (Hebr. Ba'al-Pe'ôr). - It was originally the name of a divinity, the Phoenician Ba'al (v.), which took various titles from the places where it was…
Beelsephon (Hebrew Ba'al Şephon)(BEELSEPHON (EBR. BA'AL ŞÉPHÔN))Vol. II, p. 668 BEELSEPHON (Hebr. Ba'al Şéphôn). — A locality on the Isthmus of Suez toward the Red Sea, not more precisely identified, near which the Hebrews encamped before…
BeelzebubVol. II, p. 668 BEELZEBUB. - A form of the Vulgate based on the reading of a few Greek manuscripts of the New Testament, to which Beelzebul, the form attested by the best…
Beethoven, Ludwig vanVol. II, p. 669 BEETHOVEN, LUDWIG van. – Musician, born in Bonn on 17 December 1770, died in Vienna on 26 March 1827. Descended from a family of musicians of Flemish origin,…
Begarelli, AntonioVol. II, p. 670 BEGARELLI, ANTONIO. — Sculptor, born in Modena around 1499, died there in 1565. He worked in Modena, Ferrara, Parma, and Mantua, bringing the Emilian…
Beggary(MENDICITÀ)Vol. VIII, p. 412 MENDICITÀ. – Begging as a profession, one of the consequences of the phenomenon of pauperism. Generally accompanied by vagrancy, a weakening of the moral…
Begnudelli-Basso, Francesco AntonioVol. II, p. 672 BEGNUDELLI-BASSO, FRANCESCO ANTONIO. – Italian canon lawyer, born around 1644 in Trentino. Vicar general in his homeland from 1675, canon, and from 1696 vicar…
Beguines and Beghards(BEGHINE E BEGARDI)Vol. II, p. 670 BEGHINE and BEGARDI. — The beghine belong to that category of persons who follow a way of life midway between that of simple laypeople and that of religious…
BegunniVol. II, p. 672 BEGUNNI (o STRANNIKI): v. RAZKOLNIKI.
Beham, FratelliVol. II, p. 672 BEHAM, BROTHERS. - German painters, engravers, and woodcutters. HANS SEBALD, b. at Nuremberg in 1500, d. at Frankfurt in 1550; BARTHEL, b. at Nuremberg in…
Behavior(COMPORTAMENTO)Vol. IV, p. 81 BEHAVIOR. – It may be described as the practical attitude assumed by the animal and by man in the concrete situations of life. It therefore consists of a…
Behaviorism(BEHAVIORISMO)Vol. II, p. 672 BEHAVIORISMO: v. COMPORTAMENTO.
Behemoth(BĒHĒMÖTH)Vol. II, p. 672 BĒHĒMÖTH. – Plural of bēhēmāh, a Hebrew word of generic meaning (= “beast”). Among the ancient translators, some simply transcribed the Hebrew term (Pešṭṭā and…
Behring, Emil AdolfVol. II, p. 673 BEHRING, EMIL ADOLF. – Born in Hausdorf on 15 March 1854 and died in Marburg on 31 March 1917. A German physician, hygienist, and bacteriologist, professor at…
Being(ESSERE)Vol. V, p. 387 ESSERE : V. ENTE, ESSERE.
Being, Entity(ENTE, ESSERE)Vol. V, p. 258 ENTE, ESSERE. — In ordinary language they may be synonyms. In philosophical reflection they are usually taken as concrete and abstract: “being” is said of that…
Beira, Diocese of(BEIRA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 673 BEIRA, DIOCESE of. — In Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa, with a port on the estuary of the Buzi River. It has approximately 25,000 inhabitants and is the…
BeirutVol. II, p. 673 BEIRUT. – The ancient Βερμώος or Berytus, Berito (v.). At present, it is the capital of the Republic of Lebanon. The territory, which had previously been a…
Beissel, StephanVol. II, p. 674 BEISSEL, STEPHAN. - Art historian, b. at Aquisgrana on 21 April 1841, d. at Valkenburg (Holland) on 31 July 1915. A Jesuit from 1871. From 1880 he was a…
Beistel, ColumbanVol. II, p. 674 BEISTEL, COLUMBAN. — Franciscan ascetical writer from Baden, born in 1708, died at Kreuzberg on 5 August 1771. He published: Schola disciplinae Religiosa id…
Beja, Diocese of(BEJA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 674 BEJA, DIOCESE of. - A city of Portugal, in the province of Alemtejo, on a plateau 300 m. above sea level, with approximately 15,000 inhabitants. B. was erected…
Bektashiyah(BEKTĀŠIJJAH)Vol. II, p. 674 BEKTĀŠIJJAH. — An order of dervishes (v.) whose eponym is the Muslim saint Hāggī Bektāš Vali. According to legendary accounts, he was born in Nišāpūr and was a…
Bel (Babylonian "Lord")(BĒL (BABILONESE «SIGNORE»))Vol. II, p. 677 BĒL (Babylonian “lord”). — A name corresponding to the Canaanite Ba'al (v.), of the Babylonian god Marduk (v.). The god Enlil, “lord of the earth,” bore the…
Bela I (Albert, Adalbert), King of Hungary(BĒLA I (ALBERTO, ADALBERTO), RE D'UNGHERIA)Vol. II, p. 677 BĒLA I (ALBERTO, ADALBERTO), king of Hungary. — He reigned from 1060 to 1063. He succeeded his brother Andrea I, against whom he had rebelled and whom he had…
Bela II the Blind, King of Hungary(BĒLA II IL CIECO, RE D'UNGHERIA)Vol. II, p. 677 BĒLA II the Blind, king of UNGARIA. — He reigned from 1131 to 1141. The son of Prince Álmos, while still a child he was blinded by King Kálmán dal Libro,…
Bela III, King of Hungary(BĒLA III, RE D'UNGHERIA)Vol. II, p. 677 BĒLA III, king of HUNGARY. - He reigned from 1172 to 1196. Son of Géza II, he spent his youth at the court of the emperor of Byzantium, Manuel Comnenus, with…
Bela IV, King of Hungary(BĒLA IV, RE D'UNGHERIA)Vol. II, p. 677 BĒLA IV, king of UNGHERIA. — He reigned from 1235 to 1270. Having ascended the throne, he had just finished restoring political and economic order and royal…
Belarus (White Russia)(BIELORUSSIA (RUSSIA BIANCA))Vol. II, p. 940 BIELORUSSIA (RUSSIA BIANCA). – One of the 16 federated Republics constituting the U.S.S.R. Having proclaimed itself autonomous in 1918 and adopted the Soviet…
Belbello da Pavia (Luchino B.)Vol. II, p. 677 BELBELLO da PAVIA (LUCHINO B.). — Illuminator. Documented from 1448 to 1462. He worked at the court of Mantua for the Gonzaga and at that of Milan for…
Belcari, FeoVol. II, p. 677 BELCARI, FEO. — Florentine writer, born into a noble family on 4 February 1410. Deeply religious in spirit, he also took part in the public life of his city:…
BelcastroVol. II, p. 678 BELCASTRO. - Former episcopal city of Calabria, on the southeastern slopes of the Sila, between Catanzaro and S. Severina. The old Calabrian chroniclers made…
Belem do Grao Para, Archdiocese of(BELÉM DO GRÃO PARÁ, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 678 BELÉM DO GRÃO PARÁ, ARCHDIOCESE of. - In Brazil, in the State of Pará. A city founded in 1616 on the Pará estuary; today it has a population of 500,000…
Belem, Santa Maria de(BELÉM, SANTA MARIA DE)Vol. II, p. 678 BELÉM, SANTA MARIA de. - Portuguese monastery of the Hieronymites in Lisbona. Beside it stands a large church and a famous cloister. Taken together, it is the…
Beleth, GiovanniVol. II, p. 678 BELETH, GIOVANNI. - Theologian, professor and rector of the University of Paris, perhaps of English origin, died in 1182. Trithemius (c. 415) mentions his…
Belgian Congo(CONGO BELGA)Vol. IV, p. 175 CONGO BELGA. — Formerly, under the name C., were understood present-day French Equatorial Africa, the Portuguese possessions of Angola and C., and those of the…
Belgium(BELGIO)Vol. II, p. 678 BELGIUM. - State of northwestern Europe (30,508 km²; slightly larger than Piedmont), bordering the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and France. CONTENTS: I.…
Belgrade(BEOGRAD)Vol. II, p. 793 BEOGRAD: v. BELGRADO.
Belgrade (Beograd), Archdiocese of(BELGRADO (BEOGRAD), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 688 BELGRADE (BEOGRAD), ARCHDIOCESE of. — In Yugoslavia. It has an area of 48,550 sq. km.; 60,410 faithful (of whom more than 40,000 in B. itself), living among…
Belgrado, GiacomoVol. II, p. 689 BELGRADO, GIACOMO. - Jesuit and scientist, born at Udine on 16 Nov. 1704, he entered the novitiate on 16 Oct. 1724; he first taught literature at Venice and…
BelialVol. II, p. 689 BELIAL. — A term which in the Hebrew Bible (28 times) denotes the hidden wickedness active in the world, later becoming the name of the supreme genius of evil…
Beligatti, CassianoVol. II, p. 690 BELIGATTI, CASSIANO. - Born at Macerata in 1708, died there in 1785. A Capuchin (1725) of the province of the Marche, he set out with nine other brethren for…
Belin, AlbertVol. II, p. 690 BELIN, ALBERT. - Benedictine bishop and writer, born at Besançon, according to others at Dôle, around 1610, and died at Belley on 29 April 1677. Having taken…
Belisarius(BELISARIO)Vol. II, p. 690 BELISARIO. — Celebrated Byzantine strategist. Born ca. 500, died in 565. Entrusted with the task of driving the Ostrogoths from Italy, he soon conquered Sicily…
Belize, Apostolic Vicariate of(BELIZE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. II, p. 691 BELIZE, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE. — The mission, begun in 1851 by the Jesuits of the apostolic vicariate of Jamaica and detached from it upon its erection as the…
Beljaev, Nicola Jakovlevič(BELJAJEV, NICOLA JAKOVLEVIĆ)Vol. II, p. 691 BELJAJEV, NICOLA JAKOVLEVIĆ. – Russian theologian and polemicist of the 19th century, who died in 1894. He was a professor at the ecclesiastical Academy of…
Bell'Huomo (Bellomo), GottardoVol. II, p. 696 BELL'HUOMO (BELLOMO), GOTTARDO. - Jesuit ascetical writer, b. at Castiglione delle Stiviere (Mantova) on 7 June 1612, d. there on 26 Nov. 1690. Professor of…
Bell, AndrewVol. II, p. 691 BELL, ANDREW: v. MUTUO INSEGNAMENTO.
Bell, CharlesVol. II, p. 691 BELL, CHARLES. — Born in Edinburgh in 1774, died at Hallow Park on 28 April 1842. He was a great scholar of nervous physiology. Contrary to the opinions of the…
Bella Dum Late Furerent Et UrbesVol. II, p. 691 « BELLA DUM LATE FURERENT ET URBES ». – Hymn of Vespers for the feast of the seven holy founders of the Order of the Servants of Mary, canonized by Leo XIII in…
Bellacci, Tommaso da Florence, Blessed(BELLACCI, TOMMASO DA FIRENZE, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 691 BELLACCI, TOMMASO da FIRENZE, blessed. — Franciscan of the Friars Minor Observant, born in Florence in 1370, died in Rieti on 31 October 1447. Having abandoned…
Bellamy, Jean-JulienVol. II, p. 691 BELLAMY, JEAN-JULIEN. – Theologian, born in Moustoir-ac in 1857, died in Vannes on 22 May 1903. He first taught philosophy, then Sacred Scripture and Church…
Bellano, BartolomeoVol. II, p. 691 BELLANO, BARTOLOMEO. - Sculptor, b. in Padova about 1434, d. there between 1496 and 1497. He is believed to have collaborated on the two choir lofts of S.…
Bellarino, GiovanniVol. II, p. 691 BELLARINO, GIOVANNI. - Barnabite theologian, b. at Castelnuovo (Brescia) in 1552, d. at Milano on 28 Aug. 1630. He studied at the University of Brera in Milano…
Bellarmine, Robert, Saint(BELLARMINO, ROBERTO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 692 BELLARMINO, ROBERTO, saint: v. ROBERTO BELLARMINO, santo.
Bellary, Mission to the Turis(BELLARY, MISSIONE SUI TURIS DI)Vol. II, p. 692 BELLARY, MISSION AMONG THE TURIS di. - It is a suffragan of Madras (India) and is entrusted to the Friars Minor of the English province. Erected in 1928, it…
Bellasis, EdwardVol. II, p. 692 BELLASIS, EDWARD. - English jurist, b. 14 Oct. 1800 at Basilden, d. 24 Jan. 1873 at Hyères (France). He became counsel to Parliament, a post which he held…
Bellati, Antonio FrancescoVol. II, p. 692 BELLATI, ANTONIO FRANCESCO. - Orator and writer, born at Camporeggiano in Garfagnana on 2 Nov. 1665. Having entered the Society of Jesus at Bologna on 24 May…
Bellati, BartolomeoVol. II, p. 692 BELLATI, BARTOLOMEO. - Scotist theologian and great preacher of the Conventuals, born at Feltre, of noble family, in the early 1400s, died at Rome in 1479. In…
Bellay, Jean duVol. II, p. 692 BELLAY, JEAN du. — Cardinal, younger brother of Guglielmo, born in 1492, died in Roma in 1560. He began his ecclesiastical career at a very young age and in…
Bellecius, LudwigVol. II, p. 695 BELLECIUS, LUDWIG. - German ascetical writer, b. at Friburgo in Brisgovia on 15 Feb. 1704, Jesuit from 1719, d. at Augusta on 21 Apr. 1757. He taught…
Bellelli, FulgenzioVol. II, p. 695 BELLELLI, FULGENZIO. — Augustinian theologian, born at Buccino, in Campania, in 1675, died in Rome on 22 January 1742. He was professor of philosophy and…
Belleméra (Aegidius de Bellamera, or de Belleméra), Egidio de(BELLEMERA (AEGIDIUS DE BELLAMERA, O DE BELLEMERA), EGIDIO DE)Vol. II, p. 695 BELLEMERA (AEGIDIUS DE BELLAMERA, or de BELLEMERA), EGIDIO de. - Italian decretalist, d. about 1392. During the great Western Schism he followed the party of…
Bellermann, Christian FriedrichVol. II, p. 695 BELLERMANN, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH. – Protestant pastor, born on 18 July 1793 in Erfurt, died in Bonn on 24 March 1863. He was the son of a professor of theology,…
Bellesheim, AlfonsVol. II, p. 695 BELLESHEIM, ALFONS. – Born in Monschau on 16 December 1839, died in Aachen on 5 January 1912; ordained a priest (1862), canon of Cologne (1886), provost canon…
Bellesini, Stefano, Blessed(BELLESINI, STEFANO, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 695 BELLESINI, STEFANO, Blessed. — Born at Trento on 25 Nov. 1774; died at Genazzano on 2 Feb. 1840. At the age of sixteen he entered the Augustinian Order,…
Belleville, Diocese of(BELLEVILLE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 695 BELLEVILLE, DIOCESE of. — In Illinois (United States of America); a suffragan diocese of Chicago. It was erected on 7 January 1887 by division of the diocese…
Belley, Diocese of(BELLEY, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 696 BELLEY, DIOCESI of. — In the department of Ain, between the Rhône and Saône rivers. It has an area of 5,825 sq. km.; it comprises 443 parishes, 718 diocesan…
Belli, Giuseppe Gioachino(BELLI, GIUSEPPE GIOACCHINO)Vol. II, p. 696 BELLI, GIUSEPPE GIOACCHINO. - B. in Roma on 7 Sept. 1791, d. in Roma on 21 Dec. 1863. General Valentini, his paternal uncle, was shot in 1798; as a child B.…
Belli, PasqualeVol. II, p. 697 BELLI, PASQUALE. – Architect, born in Rome on 13 December 1752, died there on 31 October 1833. Pupil and assistant of P. Camporese. Upon the death of R. Stern…
Belli, Pietro PaoloVol. II, p. 697 BELLI, PIETRO PAOLO. – Dominican, architect, b. in Jesi ca. 1727–30, d. in Pesaro on 2 Oct. 1807. He worked on several churches of his Order, including the…
Belli, ValerioVol. II, p. 697 BELLI, VALERIO. - Engraver of gems and medallist, b. in 1468 at Vicenza (for which reason he was called Valerio Vicentino), d. there in 1546, after having…
Bellings, RichardVol. II, p. 698 BELLINGS, RICHARD. - Irish statesman and historian, born in Dublin in an unknown year, died in 1677. A member of the Irish Parliament through his marriage to a…
BelliniVol. II, p. 698 BELLINI. — A celebrated family of painters to whom, essentially, the renewal of Venetian painting from the beginning of the fifteenth century to the first…
Bellini, GentileVol. II, p. 698 BELLINI, GENTILE – Discovery of the relic of the Cross in the canal – Venice, Galleria dell'Accademia. (photo Alinari)
Bellini, VincenzoVol. II, p. 700 BELLINI, VINCENZO. - Musician, b. at Catania on 1 Nov. 1801, d. at Puteaux (Paris) on 24 Sept. 1835. The son of an organist, he studied at the college of S.…
Bellino, Saint(BELLINO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 700 BELLINO, saint. - A native of Padua, of the Bertaldo family. Already a priest in 1107, he became a canon and then archpriest of the Cathedral; exiled to Este…
Bellintani, Mattia da SalòVol. II, p. 700 BELLINTANI, MATTIA DA SALÒ. – Capuchin preacher and writer, born at Gazzane (Roè Volciano) on 29 June 1535, died on 20 July 1611. He distinguished himself by…
Bellinzaga (Berinzaga) Lomazzi, Isabella CristinaVol. II, p. 701 BELLINZAGA (Berinzaga) LOMAZZI, ISABELLA CRISTINA. – Mystic, whose doctrine exerted a broad influence on later schools of spirituality, also known as “the…
Bellisomi, CarloVol. II, p. 701 BELLISOMI, CARLO. - Cardinal, b. 30 Sept. 1739 at Pavia, d. 9 Aug. 1808 at Cesena. Of a patrician family, he was educated in Rome at the Clementine College.…
BellonaVol. II, p. 702 BELLONA. - Originally connected with Marte, by the middle of the 4th century she was already an independent divinity of war (Livio, VIII, 9, 6), to whom, in…
Belloy, Jean-Baptiste, deVol. II, p. 702 BELLOY, JEAN-BAPTISTE, de. — Cardinal, born on 9 October 1709 at Morangles (Oise), died on 10 June 1808 in Paris. Bishop of Glandève from 1752 to 1755, when he…
Belluga y Moncada, Luis AntonioVol. II, p. 702 BELLUGA Y MONCADA, LUIS ANTONIO. - Spanish cardinal and theologian, b. at Motril in 1662, d. in Rome in 1743. He founded the Congregation of the Oratory in…
Belluno and Feltre, Diocese of(BELLUNO E FELTRE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 703 BELLUNO and FELTRE, DIOCESE of. — B., a city of Venetia (approx. 27,000 inhabitants), is the capital of the province of the same name (3,676 sq. km and approx.…
Belluti, BonaventuraVol. II, p. 704 BELLUTI, BONAVENTURA. - A most learned Scotist philosopher and theologian of the Conventual Minors, born at Catania around 1600 and died there on 18 May 1676.…
Belmonte Bermúdez, LuisVol. II, p. 704 BELMONTE BERMÚDEZ, LUIS. – Spanish poet and dramatist, born in Seville probably in 1587, died around 1650. An imaginative and brilliant author of approximately…
Belo Horizonte, Archdiocese of(BELLO HORIZONTE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 702 BELLO HORIZONTE, ARCHDIOCESE of. — City of Brazil, at an altitude of 785 m., at the foot of the Sierra do Espinhaço, in a healthy region rich in water, capital…
Belser, Johannes EVVol. II, p. 704 BELSER, JOHANNES EV. VON. - New Testament exegete, b. at Billingendorf in Württemberg on 20 Oct. 1850, d. there on 20 Oct. 1916. Ordained priest on 2 Aug.…
Belshazzar(BÉLŠA'ŠŠAR)Vol. II, p. 704 BÉLŠA'ŠŠAR: v. BALTASSAR.
Belsunce de Castelmoron, Henri-François-XavierVol. II, p. 704 BELSUNCE DE CASTELMORON, HENRI-FRANÇOIS-XAVIER. - Bishop of Marseille, b. at the castle of La Force (Dordogne) on 8-9 Dec. 1670, of parents of Protestant…
Beltrame, GiovanniVol. II, p. 705 BELTRAME, GIOVANNI. – Missionary, explorer, educator, born on 11 November 1824 at Valeggio sul Mincio and died on 8 April 1906 at Verona. A student at the…
Beltrami, AndreaVol. II, p. 705 BELTRAMI, ANDREA. – Salesian, born in Omegna (Novara) on 24 June 1870, died at Valsalice (Turin) on 30 December 1897. After attending the grammar school at the…
Beltrami, LucaVol. II, p. 705 BELTRAMI, LUCA. - Architect and writer on art, b. in Milan on 13 Nov. 1854, d. in Rome on 8 Aug. 1933. Professor at the Accademia di Brera and director of the…
Beltrán, DomingoVol. II, p. 705 BELTRÁN, DOMINGO. – Spanish Jesuit and sculptor, born in Vitoria around 1535, he trained as a sculptor and architect in Italy before entering the Society of…
BemaVol. II, p. 705 BEMA. — From the Greek βῆμα (βλῆμ = to go, to walk). The meaning of the term B. is quite different in ancient Greece and Rome, in the Christian churches, and…
Bembo, BenedettoVol. II, p. 706 BEMBO, BENEDETTO. - A painter from Brescia, in 1462 he signed a polyptych with the Virgin, Child, and four saints, formerly in the Castle of Torchiara (Parma)…
Bembo, Bonifacio e GianfrancescoVol. II, p. 706 BEMBO, BONIFACIO and GIANFRANCESCO. - BONIFACIO, a painter of the fifteenth century of Brescian origin, a noteworthy portraitist, worked especially in Cremona,…
Bembo, IlluminataVol. II, p. 706 BEMBO, ILLUMINATA. - A Poor Clare of rare learning and virtue, daughter of Lorenzo Bembo, Venetian senator. In 1432 she took the habit of St. Clare in the…
Bembo, PietroVol. II, p. 706 BEMBO, PIETRO. – I. LIFE. – Born in Venice on 20 May 1470 to Bernardo, a political figure of the Venetian Republic who knew how to appreciate sound learning…
Ben 'Asher(BEN 'ASÉR)Vol. II, p. 708 BEN 'ASÉR. - A family of Masoretes from Tiberias, perhaps belonging to the sect of the Karaites (v.), to whom are owed the present vocalic and accentual…
Ben-Gurion(BEN-GÖRJÖN)Vol. II, p. 776 BEN-GÖRJÖN: v. JÖSIPPÖN.
Ben-Hadad (Hebrew Ben-Hâdhad "Son of Hadad"; Septuagint ΥἹῸΣ ἈΔΈΡ)(BENADAD (EBR. BEN-HÂDHAD «FIGLIO DI HADAD»; SETTANTA ΥἹῸΣ ἈΔΈΡ))Vol. II, p. 708 BENADAD (Hebr. Ben-Hâdhad, “son of Hadad”; Septuagint υἱὸς Ἀδέρ). — Three kings of Aram-Damascus: B. I, son of Tabremon, in return for substantial gifts…
Ben-Naphtali, Mōsheh Ben-Dāwīdh(BEN-NAPHTĀLĪ, MŌŠEH BEN-DĀWĪDH)Vol. II, p. 787 BEN-NAPHTĀLĪ, MŌŠEH BEN-DĀWĪDH. - A Masorete who lived around the middle of the 10th century in Palestine, not in Baghdad, as some mistakenly thought after…
Benaglio, GiuseppeVol. II, p. 708 BENAGLIO, GIUSEPPE. - Theologian, vicar general of Bergamo, born there of a noble family on 22 Nov. 1767, died on 18 Jan. 1856. As soon as he was ordained, he…
Benamozegh, EliaVol. II, p. 708 BENAMOZEGH, ELIA. - Jewish writer, b. at Livorno in 1823 and d. there in 1900. Rabbi, preacher, and lecturer at the rabbinical college of Livorno, he published…
Benavente, Álvaro deVol. II, p. 708 BENAVENTE, ÁLVARO de. — Augustinian missionary in Cina. Born in 1646 at Salamanca, he entered the Order of the Augustinians in 1663 and left for the Filippine…
Benavides, AlonsoVol. II, p. 708 BENAVIDES, ALONSO. - Born in an unknown year on the island of S. Miguel, and having entered the Franciscans in the convent of Mexico (1603), he was the first…
Benavides, Miguel deVol. II, p. 709 BENAVIDES, MIGUEL de. – Dominican missionary and prelate, b. at Carrión de los Condes (province of Palencia) in 1552, d. at Manila on 26 June 1605 or 26 July…
Bench In Church(BANCO IN CHIESA)Vol. II, p. 464 BANCO IN CHIESA. — It seems that in the early days of Christianity the faithful, at least in the West, listened to sermons standing, a practice that later…
Benci Di Cione DamiVol. II, p. 709 BENCI di CIONE DAMI. – Architect of Comacine origin; he worked in Florence, where he died in 1588. In 1549–50 he worked with Neri di Fioravante on the church…
Benci, FrancescoVol. II, p. 709 BENCI, FRANCESCO. — One of the finest humanists of the Society of Jesus in the sixteenth century, born at Acquapendente in 1542 (his baptismal name was…
Bendis (Bendis) and Bendidie (Bendidēto)(BENDIS (ΒΕΝΔΊΣ) E BENDIDIE (ΒΕΝΔΊΔΕΤΟ))Vol. II, p. 709 BENDIS (Βενδίς) and BENDIDIE (Βενδίδετο). - Bendis is a Thracian goddess, identified by the Greeks with Artemis; Thracian women offered her ears of wheat. She…
Bendl, Giovanni GiorgioVol. II, p. 709 BENDL, GIOVANNI GIORGIO. — Sculptor and painter, b. in 1630, d. in Prague on 25 May 1680. By framing his works within the taste of his time, he made an…
Bene ValeteVol. II, p. 768 BENE VALETE. — A formula of greeting derived from Roman epistolary usage (Cicero uses Vale, Valete in his letters), which acquired a special diplomatic…
Benedetti (in Arabic Mubarak, altered by Westerners into Ambarak), Pietro(BENEDETTI (IN ARABO MUBARAK, ALTERATO DAGLI OCCIDENTALI IN AMBARAK), PIETRO)Vol. II, p. 715 BENEDETTI (in Arabic Mubarak, altered by Westerners to Ambarak), PIETRO. — Maronite Orientalist, born in 1663 at Baḥā (Lebanon), not at Ġuṣṭā (al-Mašriq, 21…
Benedetto Da MaianoVol. II, p. 737 BENEDETTO da MAIANO. — Architect, sculptor, and woodcarver, b. at Maiano in 1442, d. at Florence on 24 May 1497. As an architect he belonged to the…
Benedetto da Urbino, Blessed(BENEDETTO DA URBINO, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 756 BENEDETTO da URBINO, blessed. — Capuchin, in the world Marco Passione, born in Urbino on 13 September 1560, died at Fossombrone (Marche) on 30 April 1625. At…
Benedetto dei Grazzini, detto da RovezzanoVol. II, p. 757 BENEDETTO dei GRAZZINI, called da ROVEZZANO. - Sculptor, b. at Campale (Pistoia) in 1474, d. at Vallombrosa about 1552. Trained in the taste disseminated by…
Benedetto Di BindoVol. II, p. 736 BENEDETTO di BINDO. - Sienese painter, originally from the Val d'Orcia, lame. He is mentioned in the Breve dei pittori senesi of 1389. In 1411-12 he worked,…
Benedicamus DominoVol. II, p. 758 BENEDICAMUS DOMINO. — Formula used at the end of Mass in place of the Ite missa est on Sundays and weekdays of Lent and Advent, on vigils, and on days when the…
Benedict(BENEDETTO)Vol. II, p. 730 BENEDETTO, saint — Incipit of the Rule of St B. (10th century). Montecassino, cod. 175. renze 1929; E. Lucchesi, I monaci b. v. in Lombardia, there 1938; idem,…
Benedict (Manettus) Dell'Antella(BENEDETTO (MANETTUS) DELL'ANTELLA)Vol. II, p. 736 BENEDETTO (Manettus) dell'ANTELLA, saint: v. SETTE FONDATORI.
Benedict Biscop (Baducino), Saint(BENEDETTO BISCOP (BADUCINO), SANTO)Vol. II, p. 756 BENEDETTO BISCOP (BADUCINO), saint. — Abbot of Wearmouth-Jarrow, born in Northumbria of noble Anglo-Saxon stock around 628, died on 12 January 690. B. served…
Benedict I, Pope(BENEDETTO I, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 738 BENEDETTO I, POPE. - He is believed to have been elected shortly after the death of Giovanni III (d. 13 July 574), but was not consecrated until 3 June 575. He…
Benedict II, Pope, Saint(BENEDETTO II, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 738 BENEDETTO II, POPE, saint. — Upon the death of St Leo II (3 July 683), B., a Roman, was chosen to succeed him; but he was not consecrated until 26 June 684,…
Benedict III, Pope(BENEDETTO III, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 739 BENEDETTO III, POPE. – A Roman, son of Pietro, he succeeded St. Leone IV (d. 17 July 855). Ordained by Leone IV as cardinal priest of S. Callisto, he was…
Benedict IV, Pope(BENEDETTO IV, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 739 BENEDETTO IV, POPE. - A Roman, son of Mammolo, he succeeded Giovanni IX (d. at the beginning of 900) and continued his prudent and discreet policy. He had been…
Benedict IX, Pope(BENEDETTO IX, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 740 BENEDETTO IX, POPE. — Teofilatto was the son of Alberico III of the counts of Tusculum and nephew of the two preceding pontiffs, Benedetto VIII and Giovanni…
Benedict Joseph Labre, Saint(BENEDETTO GIUSEPPE LABRE, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 757 BENEDETTO GIUSEPPE LABRE, saint. — Born at Amettes (Artois) on 26 March 1748. At the age of twelve he was sent to Erin, to stay with a priest uncle, and there…
Benedict of Aniane, Saint(BENEDETTO D'ANIANE, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 735 BENEDETTO d'ANIANE, saint. — Benedictine, the second father of Western monasticism, born ca. 750, died at Cornelimünster near Aachen on 11 February 821. Son of…
Benedict of Canfield(BENEDETTO DA CANFIELD)Vol. II, p. 736 BENEDETTO da CANFIELD. — In the world William Filch; Capuchin mystical writer, born in the county of Essex (England) in 1562, died in the convent of S. Onorato…
Benedict of S.(BENEDETTO DI S)Vol. II, p. 755 BENEDETTO di S. ANDREA. - Monk and chronicler in the monastery of S. Andrea in flumine in the region of Monte Soratte, he flourished in the second half of the…
Benedict the Canon(BENEDETTO CANONICO)Vol. II, p. 737 BENEDETTO CANONICO. – He was a canon of St Peter’s in Rome. We know very little about him. With the title of canon and that of Romanae Ecclesiae cantor, he…
Benedict the Levite(BENEDETTO LEVITA)Vol. II, p. 737 BENEDETTO LEVITA. — A collection of capitularies of Frankish kings is known under this name, divided into three books designated as V, VI, and VII, because,…
Benedict the Moor, Saint(BENEDETTO IL MORO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 738 BENEDETTO the MOOR, saint. - Born c. 1526 in S. Fratello near Messina, of descendants of slave ancestors brought to Sicily from Africa, he was freed. Even…
Benedict V, Pope(BENEDETTO V, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 739 BENEDETTO V, POPE. - Elected upon the death of Giovanni XII (d. 14 May 964) by the Roman people, who only a few months earlier (6 Dec. 963) had renounced the…
Benedict VI, Pope(BENEDETTO VI, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 739 BENEDETTO VI, POPE. - Son of Ildebrando, he was elected by the imperial faction shortly after the death of Giovanni XIII (6 Oct. 972), but was consecrated only…
Benedict VII, Pope(BENEDETTO VII, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 740 BENEDETTO VII, POPE. — After Benedetto VI was strangled in Castel S. Angelo, where Crescenzio, or Cencio, son of the second Teodora, had had him imprisoned, he…
Benedict VIII, Pope(BENEDETTO VIII, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 740 BENEDETTO VIII, POPE. — The death of Sergius IV (12 May 1012) gave the two parties that held sway among the Roman nobility an opportunity to test their…
Benedict X, Antipope(BENEDETTO X, ANTIPAPA)Vol. II, p. 741 BENEDETTO X, ANTIPAPA. – Stefano IX, foreseeing that his end was near, had made the Roman clergy and people swear not to proceed with the election of a new…
Benedict XI, Pope, Blessed(BENEDETTO XI, PAPA, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 742 BENEDETTO XI, PAPA, blessed. — Niccolò Boccasini, born at Treviso in 1240 to a notary, entered the Dominican Order in 1254; he subsequently became lector,…
Benedict XII, Pope(BENEDETTO XII, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 743 BENEDETTO XII, POPE. — He was the third Avignonese pope, succeeding Giovanni XXII (d. 4 Dec. 1334) on 20 Dec.; he was crowned on the following 8 Jan. by…
Benedict XIII, Antipope(BENEDETTO XIII, ANTIPAPA)Vol. II, p. 743 BENEDICT XIII, ANTIPOPE. — Pietro di Luna, born at Illueca near Calatayud in Aragon to one of the noblest and wealthiest families of the kingdom, studied both…
Benedict XIII, Pope(BENEDETTO XIII, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 744 BENEDETTO XIII, POPE. – Pierfrancesco Orsini, born in Gravina on 2 February 1649 to Ferdinando, duke of Gravina, and Giovanna Frangipane. As a young man he…
Benedict XIV(BENEDETTO XIV)Vol. II, p. 749 BENEDICT XIV – Autograph concession of the Pontiff (7 May 1745) – Vatican City, archive of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, Positiones 1745.
Benedict XIV, Antipope(BENEDETTO XIV, ANTIPAPA)Vol. II, p. 749 BENEDETTO XIV, ANTIPAPA: v. GARNIER B.
Benedict XIV, Pope(BENEDETTO XIV, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 749 BENEDETTO XIV, POPE. – Prospero Lambertini, born in Bologna on 31 March 1675 to Marcello and Lucrezia Bulgarini; educated by the Somaschi and then in Rome, he…
Benedict XV, Pope(BENEDETTO XV, PAPA)Vol. II, p. 751 BENEDETTO XV, PAPA. – Giacomo Della Chiesa, born in Genoa on 21 November 1854 to Giuseppe and Giovanna Migliorati. Of a marquessial family, descended from the…
Benedict, Archbishop of Milan, Saint(BENEDETTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI MILANO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 738 BENEDETTO, archbishop of MILANO, saint. - He has arbitrarily been given the surname Crispo; he occupied the see of Milano from March 685 to March 732. Paolo…
