History & Biography
Storia, Storici E Biografie Varie · 3,009 articles · Principal contributors · All subjectsHistorians, Various Biographies (Storici, biografie varie)
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Erasmus of Montecassino (ERASMO DI MONTECASSINO)
ERASMUS OF MONTECASSINO. - Theologian who lived in the 13th century. He received his first theological formation at Montecassino; the… -
Erchemppert (Herchempter, Archempter) (ERCHEMPERTO (HERCHEMPERT, ARCHEMPERT))
ERCHEMPPERT (Herchempter, Archempter). - Lombard, monk of Monte Cassino; after the destruction of his monastery (885) he lived at Capua. He… -
Ercolani, Luigi
ERCOLANI, LUIGI. - Cardinal, born at Foligno on 17 Oct. 1758 into a noble family of Senigallia, died at Rome on 10 Dec. 1825. After… -
Ernest Of Bavaria (ERNESTO DI BAVIERA)
ERNEST OF BAVARIA. - Archbishop and prince-elector of Cologne, b. in Munich on 17 Dec. 1554, d. at Arnsberg (Westphalia) on 17 Feb. 1612.… -
Erskine, Carlo
ERSKINE, CARLO. - Cardinal, b. in Rome on 13 Feb. 1743 to a most noble family originally from Scotland, d. in Paris on 11 March 1811.… -
Erzberger, Matthias
ERZBERGER, MATTHIAS. - German politician, b. 20 Oct. 1875 at Buttenhausen (Württemberg), d. 26 Aug. 1921 at Griesbach. From 1896 editor of… -
Esarhaddon (Assur-ahu-iddin «The god Assur gave a brother») (ASARHADDON (ASSUR-AHU-IDDIN « IL DIO ASSUR DIEDE UN FRATELLO »))
ESARHADDON (Assur-ahu-iddin «The god Assur gave a brother»). - King of Assyria from 681 to 669 B.C. He was the son, perhaps the third, of… -
Escobar, Andrea de
ESCOBAR, ANDREA de. - Very well-known Benedictine theologian and canonist of the 15th century, b. in Lisbon. His works, for the most part… -
Esmein, Jean-Paul-Hippolyte-Emmanuel, known as Adhémar (ESMEIN, JEAN-PAUL-HIPPOLYTE-EMANUEL, DETTO ADHÉMAR)
ESMEIN, Jean-Paul-Hippolyte-Emmanuel, known as Adhémar. - Legal historian, canonist, b. at Touvérac (Charente) on 1 February 1848, d. at… -
Espinosa, Diego de
ESPINOSA, DIEGO de. - Cardinal, b. in 1502 at Martín-Muñoz de las Posadas (Segovia) to a noble but poor family, d. at Madrid on 5 Sept.… -
Este, House of (ESTE, FAMIGLIA D')
ESTE, HOUSE OF. - It descended from a branch of the Obertenghi, of Lombard origin. ALBERTO AZZO II (d. 1097), great-grandson of Marquis… -
Este, Pamphilia D' (ESTE. PAMIGLIA D')
ESTE. PAMIGLIA d' - Autograph of Ippolito II d'E., preserved in the State Archive of Modena (12 March 1571). Giulio, together with Count… -
Estrées, César D'
ESTRÉES, CÉSAR d'. - Cardinal, b. in Paris on 5 Feb. 1628, d. there on 18 Dec. 1714. Son of François Annibal, he received his doctorate at… -
Eubel, Konrad
EUBEL, KONRAD. - Conventual Franciscan, historian of the Franciscan Order, b. 19 Jan. 1842 at Sinning (Bavaria), d. 5 Feb. 1923 at… -
Eudoxia, Empress of Byzantium (EUDOSSIA, IMPERATRICE DI BISANZIO)
EUDOXIA, Empress of Byzantium. - Daughter of the Frankish general Bauto, she was married to Arcadius on 27 April 395. An intriguing and… -
Eufronius, Patriarch of Antioch (EUFRONIO, PATRIARCA DI ANTIOCHIA)
EUFRONIUS, Patriarch of Antioch. - When at the Arian Synod of Antioch in 330 the bishop Eustathius was deposed, Paulinus of Tyre governed… -
Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French (EUGENIA DI MONTIJO, IMPERATRICE DEI FRANCESI)
EUGÉNIE DE MONTIJO, Empress of the French. - B. at Granada (Spain) on 5 May 1826, to Cipriano Guaman, count of Teba and of Montijo, and to… -
Eugenius (EUGENIO)
EUGENIUS. - Bishop of Carthage, elected in 481, after 24 years of vacant see; through his virtue and his charity he soon became the idol of… -
Eugenius, Usurper (EUGENIO, USURPATORE)
EUGENIUS, USURPER. - When the powerful «magister militum» Arbogast freed himself by the murder of the young emperor Valentinian II, he did… -
Eunapius of Sardis (EUNAPIO DI SARDI)
EUNAPIUS OF SARDIS. - Pagan rhetorician, b. around 346; as a young man he was entrusted to the philosopher Chrysanthius, who initiated him… -
Euric, King of the Visigoths (EURICO, RE DEI VISIGOTI)
EURICO, re dei VISIGOTI. - B. around 420, d. in Sept. 485, he was the founder of Visigothic power in France and in Spain. Strong and… -
Eusebius of Nicomedia (EUSEBIO DI NICOMEDIA)
EUSEBIUS OF NICOMEDIA. - He was first bishop of Berytus (Beyrouth), from which around 318 he had himself transferred to the far more… -
Eusepi, Cecilia
EUSEPI, CECILIA. - Pious virgin, b. at Monteromano (Viterbo) on 17 Feb. 1910, d. at Nepi on 1 Oct. 1928. She entered at the age of thirteen… -
Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica (EUSTAZIO, VESCOVO DI TESSALONICA)
EUSTATHIUS, Bishop of Thessalonica. - He lived in the second half of the 12th century. He is one of the most important figures of the… -
Evangelisti, Luigi
EVANGELISTI, LUIGI. - Pontifical colonel, b. in Rome on 21 May 1821, d. there at the beginning of the following century. He began his… -
Evil-Merodach (Bab. Avril-Marduk «Servant of Marduk»; Sept. Εὐαγγελῶδεν) (EVIL-MERODACH (BAB. AVRIL-MARDUK «SERVO DI MARDUK»; SETT. ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΩ͂ΔΕΝ))
EVIL-MERODACH (Bab. Avril-Marduk «Servant of Marduk»; Sept. Εὐαγγελῶδεν). - King of Babylon, son of Nebuchadnezzar, whom he succeeded on… -
Ezra (Esdras) (EZR (ESDRAS))
EZRA (ESDRAS). - Armenian Katholikos (639-51), who under the emperor Heraclius, when the latter had definitively vanquished Khosrow Parviz… -
Fabbri, Odoardo
FABBRI, ODOARDO. - Scholar and patriot, b. at Cesena on 13 Oct. 1778, d. there on 7 Oct. 1853. He entered public life with the Cisalpine… -
Faber, Egidius (Gilles de Smedt) (FABER, EGIDIO (GILLES DE SMEDT))
FABER, Egidius (Gilles de Smedt). - Theologian and statesman, Carmelite, b. in Brussels ca. 1440, d. in 1506. A doctor of Louvain and an… -
Fabriani, Severino
FABRIANI, SEVERINO. - A priest from Modena, b. at Spilamberto on 7 Jan. 1792, d. on 27 Aug. 1849. He entered the Seminary of Modena in… -
Fabri, Johannes
FABRI, JOHANNES. - Born in 1478 at Leutkirch, died in Vienna on 21 May 1541. He took his doctorate in theology at Tübingen and in law at… -
Fabris, Luigi Maria
FABRIS, LUIGI MARIA. - Priest, b. at Vicenza on 6 Dec. 1805, d. there on 10 June 1887. Founder of the Institute of the Sons of Charity, he… -
Fabro, Antonio (Fabri, Antonius; Antoine Faivre) (FABRO, ANTONIO (FABER ANTONIUS, ANTOINE FAIVRE))
FABRO, Antonio (Fabri, Antonius; Antoine Faivre). - French jurist, b. at Bourges-en-Bresse on 4 Oct. 1557, d. at Chambéry on 1 March 1624.… -
Facciolati (Fasolato), Jacopo (FACCIOLATI (FASOLATO), JACOFO)
FACCIOLATI (FASOLATO), JACOPO. - Italian scholar, b. at Torreglia, on the Euganean Hills, 4 Jan. 1682, d. at Padua, 26 Aug. 1769. Following… -
Fage, Marie-Antoinette
FAGE, MARIE-ANTOINETTE. - In religion Sister Mary of Jesus, b. in Paris on 7 Nov. 1824, d. there on 19 Sept. 1883. After a sad childhood,… -
Faithful, Pietro (FEDELE, PIETRO)
FAITHFUL, PIETRO. - Historian and politician, b. at Minturno on 15 April 1873, d. at Rome on 9 Jan. 1943. First a professor in secondary… -
Falcandus, Hugh (FALCANDO, UGO)
FALCANDUS, HUGH. - Historian. Nothing is known about his origins; he lived in Sicily during the 12th century and is the author of a… -
Falk, Adalbert
FALK, ADALBERT. - Prussian Minister of Worship, b. at Matschkau (Silesia) on 10 April 1827, d. at Hamm on 7 July 1900. Having entered the… -
Fallon, Étienne-Michel (FAILLON, ETIENNE-MICHEL)
FALLON, ÉTIENNE-MICHEL. - Sulpician, polymath, b. at Tarascon (Bouches-du-Rhône) on 3 Jan. 1800, d. at Paris on 25 Oct. 1870. Ordained… -
Falloppio, Gabriele
FALLOPPIO, GABRIELE. - Born in Modena in 1523, died in Padua on 9 October 1562. A pupil in Ferrara of Musa Brasavola, he renounced a… -
Falloux du Coudray, Frédéric-Alfred-Pierre de (FALLOUX DU COUDRAY, FRÉDÉRIC-AL-FRED-PIERRE DE)
FALLOUX DU COUDRAY, FRÉDÉRIC-ALFRED-PIERRE DE. - French politician, b. 7 May 1811 at Angers, d. there 6 Jan. 1885. A descendant of a family… -
Faloci Pulignani, Michele
FALOCI PULIGNANI, MICHELE. - Prelate and historian, b. at Foligno on 9 July 1856; ordained priest on 12 Apr. 1879, professor at the local… -
Fare, Anne-Louis-Henri de la
FARE, ANNE-LOUIS-HENRI de la. - Cardinal, b. 4 Nov. 1752 at Luçon (Vendée), d. 10 Dec. 1829 at Paris. From a very ancient family of lower… -
Farel, Guillaume
FAREL, GUILLAUME. - B. at Gap in 1489, d. at Neuchâtel on Sept. 13, 1565. He studied in Paris, where, attracted by the reformer Le Fèvre… -
Farinacci, Prospero
FARINACCI, PROSPERO. - Italian jurist, b. in Rome on 30 Oct. 1554, d. there on 30 Oct. 1616. He studied law at the University of Padua and… -
Farina, Filippo
FARINA, FILIPPO. - Papal general and Minister of Arms, b. at Ronciglione (Viterbo) in 1795, d. at Rome on 9 July 1857. On 27 Oct. 1816 he… -
Farini, Luigi Carlo
FARINI, LUIGI CARLO. - Physician and statesman, b. at Russi on 22 Oct. 1812, d. at Quarto on 1 Aug. 1866. A medical student at Bologna, he… -
Farnese, Family (FARNESE, FAMIGLIA)
FARNESE, FAMILY. - Its origins are not well known. It seems to have taken its name, between the 11th and 12th centuries, from its fief of… -
Fausta, Flavia Maxima (FAUSTA, FLAVIA MASSIMA)
FAUSTA, FLAVIA MAXIMA. - Daughter of the emperor Maximian, born probably in Rome in 298. When Galerius set out to suppress the usurpation… -
Favre, Jules
FAVRE, JULES. - Statesman, b. in Lyon on 21 March 1809, d. at Versailles on 20 January 1880. A lawyer of wide renown, he always fought in… -
Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (FEDERICO DA MONTEFELTRO, DUCA DI URBINO)
FEDERICO DA MONTEFELTRO, Duke of Urbino. - B. at Gubbio in 1422, to Guidantonio, d. at Ferrara on 10 Sept. 1482. In 1444 he succeeded his… -
Fedorov (pron. Fiódorov), Nikolaj Fedorovič (FEDOROV (PRON. FIÓDOROV), NICOLAJ FEDOROVIĆ)
FEDOROV (pron. Fiódorov), Nikolaj Fedorovič. - Born in 1828, died in 1903. A solitary Russian thinker, little known during his lifetime.… -
Fehrenbach, Konstantin
FEHRENBACH, KONSTANTIN. - German politician, b. 11 January 1852 at Wellendinger (Baden), d. 26 March 1926 at Freiburg im Breisgau. A deputy… -
Felix, Bishop of Aptungi (FELICE, VESCOVO DI APTUNGI)
FELIX, Bishop of Aptungi. - He appears in 311 when he took part in the consecration of Bishop Caecilian of Carthage, which marked the… -
Félix, Célestin-Joseph (FELIX, CÉLESTIN-JOSEPH)
FÉLIX, CÉLESTIN-JOSEPH. - Jesuit, lecturer, b. at Neuville-sur-l'Escaut (diocese of Cambrai) on 28 June 1810, d. at Lille on 6 July 1891.… -
Fenwich, Edward
FENWICH, EDWARD. - American Dominican, "apostle of Ohio" and first bishop of Cincinnati. Born at St. Mary's in Maryland on 18 Aug. 1768, he… -
Ferdinand (Ferrante) I of Aragon, King of Naples (FERDINANDO (FERRANTE) I DI ARAGONA, RE DI NAPOLI)
FERDINAND (Ferrante) I of Aragon, King of Naples. - Born in Catalonia in 1431, died in Naples on FERDINANDO (Ferrante) I of Aragon, king of… -
Ferdinand II, Emperor (FERDINANDO II, IMPERATORE)
FERDINAND II, EMPEROR. - Firstborn son of Charles, Archduke of Styria, and of Maria, sister of the Duke of Bavaria, b. at Graz on 9 July… -
Ferdinand III, Emperor (FERDINANDO III, IMPERATORE)
FERDINAND III, EMPEROR. - Born on 13 July 1608 at Graz, died on 2 April 1657. Eldest son of Ferdinand II and of Maria Anna, princess of… -
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (FERDINANDO III, GRANDUCA DI TOSCANA)
FERDINAND III, Grand Duke of Tuscany. - Born in Florence on 6 May 1769, died there on 18 June 1824. The second-born son of Pietro Leopoldo… -
Ferdinand II of Bourbon, King of the Two Sicilies (FERDINANDO II DI BORBONE, RE DELLE DUE SICILIE)
FERDINAND II OF BOURBON, King of the Two Sicilies. - Son of Francis I and Maria Isabella of Spain, b. in Palermo on 12 Jan. 1809, d. in… -
Ferdinand I of Bourbon, King of the Two Sicilies, IV of Naples, III of Sicily (FERDINANDO I DI BORBONE, RE DELLE DUE SICILIE, IV DI NAPOLI, III DI SICILIA)
FERDINAND I OF BOURBON, King of the Two Sicilies, IV of Naples, III of Sicily. - Born in Naples on 12 Jan. 1751 to King Charles III, and… -
Ferdinand I of Habsburg, Emperor (FERDINANDO I D'ASBURGO, IMPERATORE)
FERDINAND I OF HABSBURG, Emperor. - Son of the Archduke of Austria Philip II the Handsome and of Joanna the Mad, born in Alcalá (New… -
Ferdinand of Bavaria (FERDINANDO DI BAVIERA)
FERDINAND OF BAVARIA. - Archbishop and prince-elector of Saxony, b. in Munich on 7 Oct. 1577, d. at Arnsberg on 13 Sept. 1650. He completed… -
Ferdinand the Catholic II (V), of Aragon (III of Naples, II of Sicily) (FERDINANDO, IL CATTOLICO, II (V) D'ARAGONA (III DI NAPOLI, II DI SICILIA))
FERDINAND THE CATHOLIC II (V), of Aragon (III of Naples, II of Sicily). - B. 10 May 1452 at Sos (Aragon), d. 23 Jan. 1516 at Madrigalejo… -
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (FERDINANDO VII, RE DI SPAGNA)
FERDINAND VII, King of Spain. - B. at San Ildefonso on Oct. 13, 1784, d. at Madrid on Sept. 29, 1833. Son of Charles IV and of Maria Luisa… -
Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo
FERNANDEZ de OVIEDO y VALDÉS, GONZALO. - Historian, b. in Madrid in 1478, d. in Valladolid in 1557. In 1513 he went to America, where he… -
Ferrari, Andrea Carlo
FERRARI, ANDREA CARLO. - Cardinal archbishop, b. at Lalatta di Pratopiano (Parma) on 13 Aug. 1850, d. at Milan on 2 Feb. 1921. Of humble… -
Ferrata, Domenico
FERRATA, DOMENICO. - Cardinal, b. at Gradoli (Viterbo) on 4 March 1847, d. at Rome on 10 Oct. 1914. He studied with the Jesuits at Orvieto,… -
Ferreri, Zaccaria
FERRERI, ZACCARIA. - Born at Vicenza in 1479, died at Rome in 1524. A Benedictine monk and later a Carthusian, he left the cloister for a… -
Ferrer, Vincenzo
FERRER, VINCENZO. - Dominican philosopher and theologian, b. near Trahiguera (Catalonia) on 21 July 1675, d. at Albalata della Sorella… -
Ferretti, Pietro
FERRETTI, PIETRO. - Economist and politician, b. in Ancona on 15 July 1790, d. in Florence on 1 April 1858. Brother of Cardinal Gabriele… -
Fesch, Joseph
FESCH, JOSEPH. - Cardinal, b. 3 January 1763 at Ajaccio, d. 13 May 1839 at Rome. Son of Angela Maria Pietra Santa who, left a widow by… -
Fesl, Michael Joseph
FESL, MICHAEL JOSEPH. - Philosopher, b. in Prague in 1788, d. in Vienna in 1863; a disciple of B. Bolzano, editor of his works and… -
Festus, Roman Senator (FESTO, SENATORE ROMANO)
FESTUS, Roman Senator. - Consul in 472, he went over to Theodoric after the battle of the Adda in 490. At the beginning of 497, at the head… -
Feuillée, Louis
FEUILLÉE, LOUIS. - Religious of the Minims, born at Mane, in Provence, in 1660, died at Marseilles in 1732. A distinguished scientist, he… -
Feuillet, Louis
FEUILLÉE, LOUIS. - La Fevillea. Design by Tarpin, engraving by Corsi. Canary Islands. He rigorously determined the first meridian of the… -
Fieschi, Nicola
FIESCHI, NICOLA. - Cardinal, of the branch of the counts of Lavagna, b. c. 1456, d. June 15, 1524. He was a man of great virtue and… -
Filaret (Fedor), Nikitić Romanov, Patriarch of Moscow (FILARET (FEDOR), NIKITIĆ ROMANOV, PATRIARCA DI MOSCA)
FILARET (Fedor), Nikitić Romanov, Patriarch of Moscow. - He was one of the boyars or grandees at the court of the last Rurikid, Theodore… -
Filipović, Simeone
FILIPOVIĆ, SIMEONE. - Franciscan, b. at Seonica in Bosnia on 30 Sept. 1732 to a very devout family, d. at Ripatransone (Italy) on 9 May… -
Filippi (Philippius), Pietro Paolo (FILIPPI (PHILIPPI[S]US), PIETRO PAOLO)
FILIPPI (Philippius), Pietro Paolo. - Dominican theologian from Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, died a nonagenarian before June 1690. Having… -
Fillastre, Guillaume
FILLASTRE, GUILLAUME. - Born at La Suze (Maine), around 1348. He studied law, was a priest and an orator of great fame. Dean of Reims in… -
Filomarino, Ascanio
FILOMARINO, ASCANIO. - Archbishop of Naples, b. 1583, d. 1666. He found himself in bitter conflict with the Spanish viceroy Duke of Medina… -
Firmian, Leopold Anton Eleutherius Von
FIRMIAN, LEOPOLD ANTON ELEUTHERIUS VON. - Archbishop of Salzburg, b. 27 May 1679 in Munich, d. 22 Oct. 1744 in Salzburg. Bishop of Lavant… -
Fiume, Ignatius (FIUME, IONAZIO)
FIUME, IGNATIUS. - Dominican bishop and polemicist, b. near Aversa in 1621, d. in Naples in May 1694. A religious in Naples, professor and… -
Flacillo, Intrusive Bishop of Antioch (FLACILLO, VESCOVO INTRUSO DI ANTIOCHIA)
FLACILLO, Intrusive Bishop of Antioch. - Died shortly before the Council of Sardica. He was always favorable to the Arians. In 335 he… -
Flangini, Luigi
FLANGINI, LUIGI. - Cardinal, b. in Venice on 26 July 1733, d. there on 29 Feb. 1804. He belonged to a most noble family and held important… -
Fleury, André-Hercule de
FLEURY, ANDRÉ-HERCULE de. - Cardinal and statesman, b. at Lodève on 26 June 1653, d. at Paris on 29 Jan. 1743. Appointed almoner to Queen… -
Flodoard of Reims (FLODOARDO DI REIMS)
FLODOARD OF REIMS. - Historiographer, b. in 894, d. on 28 March 966. He was a pupil at the archiepiscopal school of Reims, then deacon of… -
Florentini, Teodosio
FLORENTINI, TEODOSIO. - Capuchin, called "the greatest philanthropist of Switzerland," b. at Münster (Canton Grisons) on 23 May 1802, d. at… -
Florentius (FLORENZIO)
FLORENTIUS. - Anomoean bishop of Constantinople who lived in the 4th century. The scanty information about F. comes from Philostorgius. The… -
Florentius, Radewijns
FLORENTIUS, RADEWIJNS. - Dutch mystic, b. in 1350 at Leerdam, d. on 24 March 1400 at Deventer. Having completed his studies in 1378 at the… -
Florez, Enrique
FLOREZ, ENRIQUE. - Augustinian, b. at Villadiego (Burgos) on 21 July 1702, d. at Madrid on 5 May 1773. A man of great virtues and vast… -
Flori of Lyon (FLORO DI LIONE)
FLORI OF LYON. - Writer, d. ca. 860. At the beginning of the 9th century he was a deacon at Lyon, where he directed the cathedral school… -
Fludd, Robert
FLUDD, ROBERT. - English physician and philosopher, b. at Milgate House (Kent) in 1574, d. in London on 8 Sept. 1637. He was a member of… -
Foix, Gaston de
FOIX, GASTON de. - Duke of Nemours, b. in 1489 to John of Foix, Viscount of Narbonne, and to Marie d'Orléans, sister of Louis XII, d. at… -
Folco of Neuilly (FOLCO DI NEUILLY)
FOLCO OF NEUILLY. - Parish priest of Neuilly-sur-Marne near Paris, from 1191, d. at Neuilly on 2 March 1201. In 1198 he founded the abbey… -
Foley, Henry
FOLEY, HENRY. - Jesuit, historian, b. at Astley (Worcester) on 9 Aug. 1811, d. at Roehampton on 19 Nov. 1891. Under the influence of the… -
Fonseca, Pedro de
FONSECA, PEDRO de. - Portuguese philosopher and theologian, b. at Proença-a-Nova in 1528, d. at Lisbon on 4 Nov. 1599. He entered the… -
Fontana, Francesco Luigi
FONTANA, FRANCESCO LUIGI. - Cardinal, Barnabite, b. at Casalmaggiore (Cremona) on 28 Aug. 1750, d. at Rome on 19 March 1822. He taught… -
Fontanini, Giusto
FONTANINI, GIUSTO. - Scholar, b. at S. Daniele del Friuli in 1666, d. at Rome on 17 April 1736. In 1697 he received from Clement XI the… -
Forbin-Janson, Toussaint de
FORBIN-JANSON, TOUSSAINT de. - Born 1 Oct. 1634, died 24 March 1713. Bishop successively of Digne (1658), Marseille (1662), Beauvais… -
Förderer, Albert
FÖRDERER, ALBERT. - Priest and politician, b. 3 March 1828 at Rastatt, d. 23 Jan. 1889 at Lahr. Editor of the Anzeiger für Stadt und Land… -
Foresti, Giacomo Filippo
FORESTI, GIACOMO FILIPPO. - Augustinian historian and theologian, b. at Solto (Bergamo) in 1434, d. at Bergamo in 1520. He entered the… -
Fornaini, Luigi Antonio
FORNAINI, LUIGI ANTONIO. - Vallombrosan abbot, b. 14 Dec. 1756 at Massa Cozzile, d. 29 June 1838 at Florence. He was a pupil of Leto Guidi.… -
Forster, Heinrich
FORSTER, HEINRICH. - Bishop of Breslau, b. November 24, 1799 at Gross-Glogau, d. October 20, 1881 at Johannesburg Castle, in Austrian… -
Forteguerri, Niccolò
FORTEGUERRI, NICCOLÒ. - Cardinal, b. 7 Oct. 1419 at Pistoia, d. 21 Dec. 1473 at Viterbo. After studying law at Bologna and Siena, he… -
Fortescue, Adrian (FORTESQUE, ADRIAN)
FORTESCUE, ADRIAN. - Priest, liturgist of rare culture and depth, b. 14 Jan. 1874 at Perth (Scotland), d. 11 Feb. 1923. Converted from… -
Forti, Michelangelo
FORTI, MICHELANGELO. - Priest and patriot, b. at Cesacastina on 29 Sept. 1798, d. at Nisida in Oct. 1856. A professor in the Seminary of… -
Fortini, Marco
FORTINI, MARCO. - Priest and patriot, b. at Fratta Polesine on 26 Apr. 1784, d. there on 28 May 1848. A modest chaplain at Fratta, he… -
Fortis, Luigi
FORTIS, LUIGI. - Jesuit, 20th general of the Order, b. in Verona on 26 Feb. 1749, d. in Rome on 27 Jan. 1829. Struck by the suppression of… -
Fortunatianus (FORTUNAZIANO)
FORTUNATIANUS. - Bishop of Aquileia, African by origin, he was elected around 342 amid the tumults provoked by the Arian bishops Ursacius… -
Forzatè, Giordano
FORZATÈ, GIORDANO. - Born in Padua of a noble family after the middle of the 12th century, died in Venice in 1348 at the age of ninety. He… -
Fournier, Paul-Eugène-Louis (FOURNIER, PAUL-EUGÈNE-LOUIE)
FOURNIER, PAUL-EUGÈNE-LOUIS. - Canonist and legal historian, b. at Calais on 26 Nov. 1853, d. at Paris on 13 May 1935. A qualified… -
Franchi, Alessandro
FRANCHI, ALESSANDRO. - Cardinal, b. in Rome on 25 June 1819, d. there on 31 July 1878. A pupil of the Roman Seminary and having earned a… -
Franchi, Ausonio (Cristoforo Bonavino)
FRANCHI, Ausonio (Cristoforo Bonavino). - Philosopher, b. at Pegli (Genoa) on 27 February 1821, d. at Genoa on 12 September 1895. In 1840… -
Francisco De San Luis
FRANCISCO DE SAN LUIS. - Portuguese cardinal and writer, b. at Ponte de Lima on 26 Jan. 1766, d. at Marvilla on 7 May 1845. A Benedictine… -
Francis II, King of France (FRANCESCO II, 70 DI FRANCIA)
FRANCIS II, KING OF FRANCE. - Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, b. at Fontainebleau on 19 Jan. 1544, d. on 4 Dec. 1560. With the… -
Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies (FRANCESCO II, RE DELLE DUE SICILIE)
FRANCIS II, King of the Two Sicilies. - Born in Naples on 16 Jan. 1856, died at Arco (Trento) on 27 Dec. 1894, he was the son of Ferdinand… -
Francis I of Austria (II as Holy Roman Emperor) (FRANCESCO I D'AUSTRIA (II COME IMPERATORE DEL SACRO ROMANO IMPERO))
FRANCIS I OF AUSTRIA (II as Holy Roman Emperor). - B. 12 Feb. 1768 in Florence, d. 2 March 1835 in Vienna. The firstborn son of Peter… -
Francis I of Valois, King of France (FRANCESCO I DI VALOIS, RE DI FRANCIA)
FRANCIS I OF VALOIS, King of France. - B. Sept. 12, 1494 to Charles of Orléans and Louise of Savoy. The death of his father and the lack of… -
Francis Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (FRANCESCO GIUSEPPE DI ASBURGO-LORENA, IMPERATORE D'AUSTRIA E RE D'UNGHERIA)
FRANCIS JOSEPH OF HABSBURG-LORRAINE, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. - Son of Archduke Francis Charles, brother of Emperor… -
Francis Mary of the Rovere, Duke of Urbino (FRANCESCO MARIA DELLA ROVERE, DUCA D'URBINO)
FRANCIS MARY OF THE ROVERE, Duke of Urbino. - Born at Senigallia on 22 March 1490, to Giovanni, brother of Julius II, and to Giovanna di… -
Francis of Victoria (FRANCESCO DA VITORIA)
FRANCIS OF VICTORIA. - Dominican theologian, b. probably at Vitoria (Alava) ca. 1492, d. at Salamanca on 12 Aug. 1546. I. LIFE. - A… -
Franck, Sebastian
FRANCK, SEBASTIAN. - Protestant historian and philosopher, b. at Donauwörth in 1499, d. at Basel in 1542 or 1543. Having passed from… -
Franco, Giovanni Giuseppe
FRANCO, GIOVANNI GIUSEPPE. - Jesuit, brother and confrere of the very well-known preacher Father Secondo, born in Turin on 26 January 1824,… -
Frangipani, Fabio Mirto
FRANGIPANI, FABIO MIRTO. - Bishop of Nazareth, d. in March 1587. In August 1568 he was sent by Pius V as nuncio to France, where he… -
Frankenberg, Johann Heinrich
FRANKENBERG, JOHANN HEINRICH. - Archbishop of Malines and cardinal, b. 18 Sept. 1726 at Glogau, of a noble and ancient Silesian family, d.… -
Franklin, Benjamin
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. - Writer, inventor, diplomat, b. in Boston on 17 Jan. 1706, d. in Philadelphia on 17 Apr. 1790. He spent his early… -
Franz, Adolf
FRANZ, ADOLF. - Scholar of liturgical questions and politician, b. 21 Dec. 1842 at Langenbielau, d. 6 Nov. 1916 at Baden-Baden. Ordained… -
Frassati, Pier Giorgio
FRASSATI, PIER GIORGIO. - Servant of God, b. in Turin on 6 April 1901, d. there on 4 July 1925. His formation was shaped, besides by his… -
Frassinetti, Giuseppe
FRASSINETTI, GIUSEPPE. - Priest, founder of the Sons of Mary Immaculate, b. in Genoa in 1804, died there on 2 January 1868; brother of the… -
Frazer, James George
FRAZER, JAMES GEORGE. - Ethnologist who can be considered the epigone of evolutionary ethnology, represented in England by E. B. Tylor. He… -
Fredegar (Pseudo) (FREDEGARIO (PSEUDO))
FREDEGAR (PSEUDO). - Under this name, no older than the 16th century (it is claimed to be either the Latin form of the surname of the… -
Frederick I Barbarossa, Emperor (FEDERICO I BARBAROSSA, IMPERATORE)
FREDERICK I BARBAROSSA, Emperor. - Nephew of Conrad III, founder of the power of the Swabian duchy, son of Frederick of Swabia and of the… -
Frederick II, Emperor (FEDERICO II, IMPERATORE)
FREDERICK II, EMPEROR. - Grandson of Frederick Barbarossa and son of Henry VI and Constance of Hauteville, F. of Hohenstaufen, b. at Jesi… -
Frederick III, Emperor (FEDERICO III, IMPERATORE)
FREDERICK III, EMPEROR. - B. Sept. 21, 1415, d. Aug. 19, 1493. Elected King of Germany on Feb. 2, 1440 (crowned in 1442), he was the last… -
Frederick III Of Aragon, King Of Sicily (FEDERICO III D'ARAGONA RE DI SICILIA)
FREDERICK III OF ARAGON, King Of Sicily. - Third son of Peter II of Aragon, b. in 1272, d. between Paternò and Catania on 25 June 1337.… -
Frederick III, Prince Elector And Duke Of Saxony (FEDERICO III, PRINCIPE ELETTORE E DUCA DI SASSONIA)
FREDERICK III, Prince Elector And Duke Of Saxony. - B. at Torgau on 17 Jan. 1463, d. at Lochau on 5 May 1525. The firstborn son of Elector… -
Frederick II, the Great, King of Prussia (FEDERICO II, IL GRANDE, RE DI PRUSSIA)
FREDERICK II, the Great, King of Prussia. - Born in Berlin on 24 Jan. 1712, died at Potsdam on 16 Aug. 1786. The firstborn son of King… -
Frederick I, King of Prussia (FEDERICO I, RE DI PRUSSIA)
FREDERICK I, King of Prussia. - Born July 11, 1657, died Feb. 25, 1713. In 1688 he succeeded his father in the electorate of Brandenburg.… -
Frederick I Of Aragon, King Of Naples (FEDERICO I D'ARAGONA, RE DI NAPOLI)
FREDERICK I OF ARAGON, King Of Naples. - Born to Ferrante I and Isabella of Chiaromonte, probably on 16 Oct. 1451. His father destined him… -
Frederick V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia (FEDERICO V, ELETTORE PALATINO, RE DI BOEMIA)
FREDERICK V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia. - B. 26 Aug. 1596, d. 29 Nov. 1632. He strengthened his European position by marrying… -
Frederick William III, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO III, RE DI PRUSSIA)
FREDERICK WILLIAM III, King of Prussia. - B. 3 Aug. 1770 at Potsdam, d. 7 June 1840 at Berlin. Having ascended the throne in 1797, he ceded… -
Frederick William II, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO II, RE DI PRUSSIA)
FREDERICK WILLIAM II, King of Prussia. - B. 25 Sept. 1744, d. 16 Nov. 1797. Son of Augustus William, firstborn of Frederick II, having… -
Frederick William I, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO I, RE DI PRUSSIA)
FREDERICK WILLIAM I, King of Prussia. - B. 15 Aug. 1688, d. 21 May 1740. The Northern War forced him to come to terms with Peter I of… -
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO IV, RE DI PRUSSIA)
FREDERICK WILLIAM IV, King of Prussia. - B. 15 Oct. 1795 in Berlin, d. 2 Jan. 1861 at Sanssouci. He succeeded his father Frederick William… -
Fredoli, Berengarius (Berengarius Fredoli, Fredulus, de Frasolis) (FREDOLI, BERENGARIO (BERENGARIUS, FREDOLI, FREDULI, DE FRASOLIS))
FREDOLI, Berengarius (Berengarius Fredoli, Fredulus, de Frasolis). - French canonist, b. in the castle of Vienna ca. 1250, d. at Avignon… -
Fregoso, Federico
FREGOSO, FEDERICO. - Cardinal, b. in Genoa ca. 1480, d. at Gubbio on 22 July 1541. At the request of the Duke of Urbino, his uncle, Julius… -
Fregoso, Paolo
FREGOSO, PAOLO. - Cardinal, b. in Genoa in 1430, d. in Rome on 19 March 1498. Brother of the doge Pietro, he was elected archbishop of… -
Freycinet, Louis-Charles de Saulces de
FREYCINET, LOUIS-CHARLES DE SAULCES de. - French politician, b. 14 Nov. 1828 at Foix (Ariège), d. 15 May 1923 in Paris. A graduate of the… -
Frey, Franz Andreas
FREY, FRANZ ANDREAS. - German canonist and theologian, b. at Bamberg on 20 July 1763, d. there on 24 July 1820. Ordained priest on 13 March… -
Friedhofen, Peter
FRIEDHOFEN, PETER. - Founder of the Brothers of Mercy of Trier, b. at Weitersburg near Vallendar on 25 February 1819, d. at Koblenz on 27… -
Friedl, Riccardo
FRIEDL, RICCARDO. - Servant of God, Jesuit, b. 16 Sept. 1847 at Split (Dalmatia), d. at Florence on 27 Feb. 1917. Having entered the… -
Fritzen, Adolf
FRITZEN, ADOLF. - Bishop of Strasbourg, b. 10 Aug. 1838 at Cleve, d. at Strasbourg on 7 Sept. 1919. Ordained a priest in 1862, he was from… -
Frois (Fross), Luís (FROIS (FROSS), LUIS)
FROIS (FROSS), LUÍS. - Jesuit, missionary and historiographer, b. in Beja (Portugal) in 1532, or more probably in 1528, d. at Nagasaki on 8… -
Frontone, Marcus Aurelius (FRONTONE, MARCO AURELIO)
FRONTONE, MARCUS AURELIUS. - Orator, born at Cirta (Numidia) ca. 100 A.D., was tutor to M. Aurelius and L. Verus; consul in 143. His… -
Frühwirth, Andreas
FRÜHWIRTH, ANDREAS. - Dominican cardinal, b. at S. Anna (Styria) on 21 Aug. 1845, d. in Rome on 9 Feb. 1933, buried at S. Anna. Having… -
Frusius (Des Friux), André
FRUSIUS (DES FRIUX), ANDRÉ. - Humanist Jesuit, b. at Chartres at the beginning of the 16th century, d. 26 Oct. 1556. A man of letters and a… -
Fugger, Family (FUGGER, FAMIGLIA)
FUGGER, FAMILY. - German merchants and bankers of the 15th and 16th centuries, established in Augsburg in the second half of the 14th… -
Fulcher Of Chartres (FULCHERIO DI CHARTRES)
FULCHERIO di CHARTRES. - Chronicler, b. ca. 1059 at Chartres, d. in 1127 or 1128. Under Bishop Ivo, he entered the clergy of the cathedral… -
Fulin, Rinaldo
FULIN, RINALDO. - Historian, b. in Venice on 30 April 1824, d. there on 24 November 1884. He studied at the Seminary of Venice and was… -
Funk, Franz Xaver
FUNK, FRANZ XAVER. - Catholic historian, b. 12 Oct. 1840 at Abtsgmünd, d. 24 Feb. 1907 at Tübingen. Ordained a priest in 1864, he succeeded… -
Funk, Philipp
FUNK, PHILIPP. - Historian, b. June 26, 1884 in Wasseralfingen (Württemberg), d. Jan. 14, 1937 in Freiburg im Breisgau. He entered the… -
Furdek, Štefan
FURDEK, ŠTEFAN. - Catholic priest, b. at Trstená in Orava (Slovakia) on 2 Sept. 1855, d. in Cleveland (Ohio) on 18 Jan. 1915. Having gone… -
Fürstenberg, Ferdinand von
FÜRSTENBERG, Ferdinand von. - Bishop and German poet, b. at Bilstein on 21 Oct. 1626 into a noble Westphalian family, d. at Münster on 29… -
Fürstenberg, Wilhelm Egon von
FÜRSTENBERG, Wilhelm Egon von. - Cardinal, b. 2 Dec. 1629, d. in Paris 10 Apr. 1704. A counselor of the archbishop-elector of Cologne… -
Fusco, Alfonso Maria
FUSCO, ALFONSO MARIA. - Priest, b. at Angri (Campania) on 23 March 1839, d. there, on 6 Feb. 1910. He entered the Seminary of Nocera de'… -
Fustel de Coulanges, Numa-Denys
FUSTEL de COULANGES, NUMA-DENYS. - Historian, b. in Paris on 18 March 1830, d. at Massy (Seine et Oise) on 12 Sept. 1889. He was professor… -
Gabrielli, Giovanni Maria de
GABRIELLI, GIOVANNI MARIA de. - Cardinal and theologian, b. at Città di Castello (Perugia) on 12 Jan. 1654, d. at Caprarola (Viterbo) on 17… -
Gabriel Severo (GABRIELE SEVERO)
GABRIEL SEVERO. - Greek schismatic polemicist (1541-1616). He completed his studies in Padua and, having settled in Venice from 1572,… -
Gagarin, Ivan Sergeievich (GAGARIN, IVAN SERGHIEVIĆ)
GAGARIN, IVAN SERGEIEVICH. - Jesuit, b. in Moscow on 20 July 1814, d. in Paris on 20 July 1882. From a princely family, he received an… -
Galanti, Giuseppe Maria
GALANTI, GIUSEPPE MARIA. - Historian and economist, b. at Santacroce del Sannio on 25 Nov. 1743, d. at Naples on 6 Oct. 1806. A disciple of… -
Galassi, Vincenzo
GALASSI, VINCENZO. - Papal general, b. in Rome in 1766, d. there in 1847. A veteran of the Russian campaign; in 1816 he entered the papal… -
Galen, Clemens August von
GALEN, CLEMENS AUGUST von. - Cardinal, b. 16 March 1878 in Dinklage Castle (Oldenburg), d. 22 March 1946 in Münster. Ordained priest in… -
Galenus (Van Galen), Mathieu
GALENUS (VAN GALEN), MATHIEU. - Theologian, b. at West Cappel in Zeeland in 1528, d. at Douai on 15 Sept. 1573. He studied at Ghent and at… -
Galerius Maximianus (C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus) (GALERIO MASSIMIANO (C. GALERIUS VALERIUS MAXIMIANUS AUGUSTUS))
GALERIUS MAXIMIANUS (C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus). - Roman emperor, b. in Illyricum around the middle of the 3rd century, d.… -
Galilei, Virginia
GALILEI, VIRGINIA. - Natural daughter of Galileo and Marina Gamba, b. in Padua on 13 Aug. 1600, d. in Arcetri on 2 Apr. 1634. Entrusted at… -
Galimberti, Luigi
GALIMBERTI, LUIGI. - Cardinal, b. 26 April 1836 in Rome, d. there 7 May 1896. He obtained a doctorate in theology and in utroque iure at… -
Galla Placidia
GALLA PLACIDIA. - Daughter of Theodosius I, born around 386; in 402 she followed her brother Honorius, who had become emperor of the West,… -
Galleffi, Pietro Francesco
GALLEFFI, PIETRO FRANCESCO. - Cardinal, b. at Cesena on 27 Oct. 1770, d. at Rome on 18 June 1837. Having completed his studies in Rome at… -
Gallensis, Johannes (John of Wales) (GIOVANNI DI GALLES (WALES, GUALENSIS, L'ALENSIS))
GALLENSIS, Johannes (John of Wales). - Celebrated English theologian of the Friars Minor, b. in the county of Wales in the first half of… -
Galletti, Giuseppe
GALLETTI, GIUSEPPE. - Statesman, b. in Bologna on 11 Aug. 1798, d. there on 26 July 1873. A conspirator in 1821, he became known through… -
Gall, Franz-Joseph
GALL, FRANZ-JOSEPH. - German physician, b. at Tiefenbronn on 9 March 1758, d. in Paris on 22 Aug. 1828. He studied in Vienna and devoted… -
Gallienus (Imp. P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus), Roman Emperor (GALLIENO (IMP. P. LICINIUS EGNATIUS GALLIENUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
GALLIENUS (Imp. P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus), Roman Emperor. - B. around 218, d. at Milan in July 268. Son of Valerian and of Egnatia… -
Gallio, Tolomeo
GALLIO, TOLOMEO. - Cardinal, b. at Cernobbio in 1526, d. at Rome on 3 February 1607. Secretary of Cardinal Gian Angelo Medici, he was… -
Gallitzin, Adelheid Amalie, Princess of (GALLITZIN, ADELHEID AMALIE, PRINCIPESSA DI)
GALLITZIN, Adelheid Amalie, Princess of. - Catholic noblewoman, b. 28 Aug. 1748 in Berlin, daughter of the field marshal count of… -
Gallitzin, Alessandro Nikolajevic
GALLITZIN, ALESSANDRO NIKOLAJEVIC. - Born on 20 Dec. 1773, died in the Crimea on 4 Dec. 1844, he was one of the principal advisers of Tsar… -
Gallonio, Antonio
GALLONIO, ANTONIO. - Oratorian writer, b. in Rome in 1557, d. there on 15 May 1605. He entered the Congregation of the Oratory at the age… -
Gallus, Costanzo (Flavius Iulius Constantius Gallus) (GALLO, COSTANZO (FLAVIUS IULIUS CONSTANTINUS GALLUS))
GALLUS, Costanzo (Flavius Iulius Constantius Gallus). - Caesar from 351 to 354, son of Julius Constantius, half-brother of Constantine the… -
Gallus, Gaius Vibius (Imp. C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus), Roman Emperor (GALLO, GAIO VIBIO (IMP. C. VIBIUS TREBONIANUS GALLUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
GALLUS, Gaius Vibius (Imp. C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus), Roman Emperor. - Born at Perugia around 207, died at Terni in 253. He belonged to… -
Galvani, Cesare
GALVANI, CESARE. - Priest and journalist, b. at Modena on 1 Nov. 1801, d. at Prague on 14 Apr. 1863. Of a patrician family, having taken… -
Gama, Vasco da
GAMA, VASCO da. - Portuguese navigator, b. in 1469 at Sines in Estremadura, of a noble family that had already produced valiant men of the… -
Gambara, Gianfrancesco
GAMBARA, GIANFRANCESCO. - Cardinal, b. at Brescia in 1533, d. at Rome on 5 May 1587. Nephew of Cardinal Uberto and of the poetess Veronica,… -
Gambara, Uberto
GAMBARA, UBERTO. - Born in February 1489 in Brescia, died in Rome on 15 February 1549. At first destined for a military career, he later… -
Gambera, Pietro Andrea (Gambarus, Gammarus, de Gamberinis)
GAMBERA, PIETRO ANDREA (Gambarus, Gammarus, de Gamberinis). - Famous canonist, b. at Casal Filumane, in the vicinity of Bologna, ca. 1480,… -
Gamberini, Antonio Domenico
GAMBERINI, ANTONIO DOMENICO. - Cardinal, b. at Imola on 31 Oct. 1760, d. at Rome on 25 Apr. 1841. He acquired a reputation as a profound… -
Gambetta, Léon-Michel
GAMBETTA, LÉON-MICHEL. - French politician, b. 2 Apr. 1838 at Cahors, d. 31 Dec. 1882 at Ville-d'Avray (Seine-et-Oise). A descendant of a… -
Gams, Pius Bonifacius
GAMS, PIUS BONIFACIUS. - Benedictine historian, b. 23 Jan. 1816 at Mittelbuch (Württemberg), d. 11 May 1892 at Munich. Ordained a priest in… -
Gand, Giuseppina
GAND, GIUSEPPINA. - B. July 16, 1819 at Boulay (Lorraine), d. Feb. 2, 1907. She received the habit of the Dominican sisters at…