Naaman the Syrian is cleansed of his leprosy. He professeth his belief in one God, promising to serve him. Giezi taketh gifts of Naaman, and is struck with leprosy.
Naaman the general captaine of Syria is clensed of deprosie, by washing him self as Eliseus appointeth him seuen times in •oraan. 15. professeth his bel of in one God promising to serue him. 20. Giezi taketh giftes of Naaman, 25. and is stricken with leprosie.
1Naaman, general of the army, of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honourable: for by him the Lord gave deliverance to Syria: and he was a valiant man, and rich, but a leper.Naaman capitano delle milizie del re di Siria era uomo in grande stima, ed onore presso il suo padrone: perocché per mezzo di lui il Signore avea salvata la Siria: ed egli era uom valoroso, e ricco, ma lebbroso.NAAMAN the General of the warfare of the king of Syria, was a great man with his lord, and honorable: for by him our Lord gaue health to Syria: and he was a valiant man and rich, but a leper.Naaman princeps militiæ regis Syriæ erat vir magnus apud dominum suum, et honoratus: per illum enim dedit Dominus salutem Syriæ: erat autem vir fortis et dives, sed leprosus. 2Now there had gone out robbers from Syria, and had led away captive out of the land of Israel, a little maid, and she waited upon Naaman’s wife.Or dalla Siria erano usciti dei ladroncelli, i quali avean condotta prigioniera dalla terra d'Israele una piccola fanciulla, la quale era al servizio della moglie di Naaman:Moreouer out of Syria there were come forth robbers, and had led away captiue out of the Land of Israel a litle girle, which wayted vpon the wife of Naaman.Porro de Syria egressi fuerant latrunculi, et captivam duxerant de terra Israël puellam parvulam, quæ erat in obsequio uxoris Naaman: 3And she said to her mistress: I wish my master had been with the prophet that is in Samaria: he would certainly have healed him of the leprosy which he hath.Or questa disse alla sua padrona: Volesse Dio, che il mio signore fosse andato a trovar il profeta, che è in Samaria: certamente questi lo avrebbe guarito dalla sua lebbra.Who said to her maistresse: I would my lord had bene with the prophete, that is in Samaria: surely he would haue cured him from the leprosie, which he hathquæ ait ad dominam suam: Utinam fuisset dominus meus ad prophetam qui est in Samaria, profecto curasset eum a lepra quam habet. 4Then Naaman went in to his lord, and told him, saying: Thus and thus said the girl from the land of Israel.Naaman pertanto andò a trovare il suo signore, e gli diede tal nuova, e disse: In questa, e questa maniera ha parlato una figlia nata in Israele.Naaman therfore went into his lord, and told him saying: Thus and thus hath the wench of the Land of Israel spoken.Ingressus est itaque Naaman ad dominum suum, et nuntiavit ei, dicens: Sic et sic locuta est puella de terra Israël. 5And the king of Syria said to him: Go; and I will send a letter to the king of Israel. And he departed, and took with him ten talents of silver, and six thousand pieces of gold, and ten changes of raiment;E il re di Siria gli disse: Va, che io scriverò al re d'Israele. E quegli si parti, e portò seco dieci talenti d'argento, e seimila pezze d'oro, e dieci mute di abiti,And the king of Syria sayd to him: Goe, & I wil send letters to the king of Israel Who when he was sette forward, and had taken with him ten talentes of siluer, and six thousand peces of gold, and ten change of rayment,Dixitque ei rex Syriæ: Vade, et mittam litteras ad regem Israël. Qui cum profectus esset, et tulisset secum decem talenta argenti, et sex millia aureos, et decem mutatoria vestimentorum,
6And brought the letter to the king of Israel, in these words: When thou shalt receive this letter, know that I have sent to thee Naaman, my servant, that thou mayst heal him of his leprosy.E portò lettera al re d'Israele di questo tenore: Quando riceverai questa lettera, sappi, che ho mandato a te Naaman mio servo, affinchè tu il guarisca dalla sua lebbra.he brought the letters to the king of Israel, in these wordes: when thou shalt receiue this letter, know that I haue sent to thee Naaman my seruant, that thou mayest cure him of his leprosie.detulit litteras ad regem Israël in hæc verba: Cum acceperis epistolam hanc, scito quod miserim ad te Naaman servum meum, ut cures eum a lepra sua. 7And when the king of Israel had read the letter, he rent his garments, and said: Am I God, to be able to kill and give life, that this man hath sent to me to heal a man of his leprosy? mark, and see how he seeketh occasions against me.Or il re d'Israele, letta questa lettera, stracciò le sue vesti, e disse: Sono forse un Dio, onde io possa uccidere, e risuscitare, mentre colui mi manda un uomo, perchè io lo guarisca dalla sua lebbra? Ponete mente, e vedrete, ch'ei cerca pretesti contro di me.And when the king of Israel had read the letters, he rent his garmentes, and said: Am I God, that I can kil, and geue life, because this man hath sent to me, that I should cure a man of his leprosie? marke, and see that he seeketh occasions against me.Cumque legisset rex Israël litteras, scidit vestimenta sua, et ait: Numquid deus ego sum, ut occidere possim et vivificare, quia iste misit ad me ut curem hominem a lepra sua ? animadvertite, et videte quod occasiones quærat adversum me. 8And when Eliseus, the man of God, had heard this, to wit, that the king of Israel had rent his garments, he sent to him, saying: Why hast thou rent thy garments? let him come to me, and let him know that there is a prophet in Israel.La qual cosa essendo giunta alle orecchie dell'uom di Dio Eliseo, viene a dire, che il re d'Israele avea stracciate le sue vesti, mandò a dirgli: Per qual motivo hai tu stracciate le tue vesti? Venga colui da me, e sappia, che v'ha un profeta in Israele.Which when Eliseus the man of God had heard, to witte, that the king of Israel had rent his garmentes, he sent to him, saying: Why hast thou rent thy garmentes? let him come to me and let him know that there is a prophet in Israel.Quod cum audisset Eliseus vir Dei, scidisse videlicet regem Israël vestimenta sua, misit ad eum, dicens: Quare scidisti vestimenta tua ? veniat ad me, et sciat esse prophetam in Israël. 9So Naaman came with his horses and chariots, and stood at the door of the house of Eliseus:Andò adunque Naaman co' suoi cavalli, e co' suoi cocchi, e si fermò alla porta della casa di Eliseo:Naaman therfore came with horses and chariotes, and stood at the doore of the house of Eliseus:Venit ergo Naaman cum equis et curribus, et stetit ad ostium domus Elisei:
10And Eliseus sent a messenger to him, saying: Go, and wash seven times in the Jordan, and thy flesh shall recover health, and thou shalt be clean.Ed Eliseo mandò un uomo a dirgli: Va, e lavati sette volte nel Giordano, e la tua carne tornerà sana, e tu sarai mondato.and Eliseus sent a messenger to him, saying: Goe and be washed seuen times in Iordan, and thy flesh shal receiue health, and thou shalt be cleane.misitque ad eum Eliseus nuntium, dicens: Vade, et lavare septies in Jordane, et recipiet sanitatem caro tua, atque mundaberis. 11Naaman was angry, and went away, saying: I thought he would have come out to me, and standing, would have invoked the name of the Lord his God, and touched with his hand the place of the leprosy, and healed me.Naaman si partiva sdegnato, e diceva: Io avea creduto, che egli sarebbe venuto a me, e stando in piedi avrebbe invocato il nome del Signore Dio suo, e avrebbe toccate colla sua mano le parti, dov' è la lebbra, e mi avrebbe guarito.Naaman being angrie departed, saying: I thought he would come out to me, and standing would inuocate the name of the Lord his God, and touch with his hand the place of the leprosie, and cure me.Iratus Naaman recedebat, dicens: Putabam quod egrederetur ad me, et stans invocaret nomen Domini Dei sui, et tangeret manu sua locum lepræ, et curaret me. 12Are not the Abana, and the Pharphar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel, that I may wash in them, and be made clean? So as he turned, and was going away with indignation,Non son eglino di tutte le acque d'Israele migliori i fiumi di Damasco Abana, e Pharphar per lavarmi, ed essere mondato? Mentre egli adunque volgea le spalle, e se n'andava sdegnato.What are not Abana, and Pharphar the riuers of Damascus, better then al the waters of Israel, that I may be washed in them, and be made cleane? Therfore when he had turned him self, and went away with indignation,Numquid non meliores sunt Abana et Pharphar fluvii Damasci, omnibus aquis Israël, ut laver in eis, et munder ? Cum ergo vertisset se, et abiret indignans, 13His servants came to him, and said to him: Father, if the prophet had bid thee do some great thing, surely thou shouldst have done it: how much rather what he now hath said to thee: Wash, and thou shalt be clean?I suoi servi se gli appressarono, e dissero a lui: Padre, quand'anche il profeta avesse ordinata a te una qualche cosa difficile, tu certo dovresti farla: quanto più ora, che egli ti ha detto: Lavati, e sarai mondato?his seruantes came vnto him, & spake to him: Father, & if the prophet had sayd a great thing to thee, certes, thou shouldest haue done it: how much more wheras now he sayd vnto thee: Be washed, and thou shalt be cleane?accesserunt ad eum servi sui, et locuti sunt ei: Pater, etsi rem grandem dixisset tibi propheta, certe facere debueras: quanto magis quia nunc dixit tibi: Lavare, et mundaberis ?
14Then he went down, and washed in the Jordan seven times, according to the word of the man of God; and his flesh was restored, like the flesh of a little child: and he was made clean.Andò egli, e lavossi sette volte nel Giordano secondo l'ordine dell'uomo di Dio, e la sua carne tornò come la carne di un piccol fanciullo, e restò mondo.He went downe, & washed in Iordan seuen times according to the word of the man of God, and his flesh was restored, as the flesh of a litle childe, & he was made cleane.Descendit, et lavit in Jordane septies juxta sermonem viri Dei: et restituta est caro ejus sicut caro pueri parvuli, et mundatus est. 15And returning to the man of God, with all his train, he came, and stood before him, and said: In truth, I know there is no other God, in all the earth, but only in Israel: I beseech thee, therefore, take a blessing of thy servant.E tornò con tutto il suo accompagnamento all'uom di Dio, e si presentò innanzi a lui, e disse: Veramente io conosco, che non v'ha altro Dio in tutta la terra, fuorché quello d'Israele. Io ti prego adunque dì accettare l'offerta del tuo servo.And returning to the man of God with al his trayne, he came, and stood before him, & sayd: In very deede I know that there is no other God in al the earth, but only in Israel. I besech the therfore to take a benediction of thy seruant.Reversusque ad virum Dei cum universo comitatu suo, venit, et stetit coram eo, et ait: Vere scio quod non sit alius deus in universa terra, nisi tantum in Israël. Obsecro itaque ut accipias benedictionem a servo tuo. 16But he answered: As the Lord liveth, before whom I stand, I will receive none. And when he pressed him, he still refused.E quegli rispose: Viva il Signore, al cospetto del quale io sto; non la accetterò. E per quanto quegli lo pressasse, non si arrendè in verun modo.But he answered: Our Lord liueth, before whom I stand, I wil not take it. And when he would haue forced him, he did in nowise agree.At ille respondit: Vivit Dominus, ante quem sto, quia non accipiam. Cumque vim faceret, penitus non acquievit. 17And Naaman said: As thou wilt: but I beseech thee, grant to me, thy servant, to take from hence two mules’ burden of earth: for thy servant will not henceforth offer holocaust, or victim, to other gods, but to the Lord.E Naaman disse: Sia come vuoi: ma ti prego, che permetta a me tuo servo di prendere tanta terra, quanta ne portano due muli: perocché il tuo servo non offerirà più olocausti, e vittime a dei stranieri, ma solo al Signore.And Naaman sayd: As thou wilt, but I besech thee: graunt vnto me thy seruant, that I may take of the earth the burden of two mules: for thy seruant wil no more make holocaust, or victimes to strange goddes, but to the Lord.Dixitque Naaman: Ut vis: sed, obsecro, concede mihi servo tuo ut tollam onus duorum burdonum de terra: non enim faciet ultra servus tuus holocaustum aut victimam diis alienis, nisi Domino.
18But there is only this, for which thou shalt entreat the Lord for thy servant; when my master goeth into the temple of Remmon, to worship there, and he leaneth on my hand: if I bow down in the temple of Remmon, when he boweth down in the same place, that the Lord pardon me, thy servant, for this thing.La sola cosa, della quale pregherai tu il Signore pel tuo servo, si è, che quando il mio padrone entrerà nel tempio di Remmon, per fare adorazione, appoggiandosi sulla mia mano, se io adoro nel tempio di Remmon, mentre egli adora nel luogo stesso, il Signore perdoni a me tuo servo tal cosa.But this onlie is it, for which thou shalt besech the Lord for thy seruant, when my maister shal goe into the temple of Remmon, to adore: and he leaning vpon my hand, if I shal adore in the temple of Remmon, he adoring in the same place, that the Lord pardon me thy seruant for this thing.Hoc autem solum est, de quo depreceris Dominum pro servo tuo, quando ingredietur dominus meus templum Remmon ut adoret: et illo innitente super manum meam, si adoravero in templo Remmon, adorante eo in eodem loco, ut ignoscat mihi Dominus servo tuo pro hac re. 19And he said to him: Go in peace. So he departed from him, in the spring time of the earth.E quegli disse a lui: Va in pace. Egli adunque se n'andò nella stagion migliore della terra.Who sayd to him: Goe in peace. He therfore went from him in the spring time of the earth.Qui dixit ei: Vade in pace. Abiit ergo ab eo electo terræ tempore. 20But Giezi, the servant of the man of God, said: My master hath spared Naaman this Syrian, in not receiving of him that which he brought: as the Lord liveth, I will run after him, and take something of him.Ma Giezi servitore dell'uomo di Dio, disse: Il mio padrone è stato troppo buono con questo Siro Naaman, non accettando da lui quel, che gli avea presentato: viva il Signore; io gli correrò dietro, e qualche cosa ne caverò.And Giezi the seruant of the man of God sayd: My maister hath spared Naaman this Syrian, that he tooke not of him the things which he brought: Our Lord liueth, I wil runne after him, and wil take some thing of him.Dixitque Giezi puer viri Dei: Pepercit dominus meus Naaman Syro isti, ut non acciperet ab eo quæ attulit: vivit Dominus, quia curram post eum, et accipiam ab eo aliquid. 21And Giezi followed after Naaman: and when he saw him running after him, he leapt down from his chariot to meet him, and said: Is all well?E Giezi andò dietro a Naaman: e questi avendolo veduto correre dietro a se, saltò giù dal cocchio, e andogli incontro, e disse: Va egli tutto bene?And Giezi folowed at the backe of Naaman: whom when he saw running toward him, he lept downe from his chariote to mete him, and said: Are al thinges wel?Et secutus est Giezi post tergum Naaman: quem cum vidisset ille currentem ad se, desiliit de curru in occursum ejus, et ait: Rectene sunt omnia ?
22And he said: Well: my master hath sent me to thee, saying: Just now there are come to me from mount Ephraim, two young men of the sons of the prophets: give them a talent of silver, and two changes of garments.E quegli disse: Benissimo: il mio padrone mi manda perchè io dica a te, come or ora sono arrivati da lui due giovinotti de' figliuoli de' profeti dal monte Ephraim: dà loro un talento d'argento, e due mute di vesti.And he said: Wel. my maister hath sent me to thee, saying: Euen now there are come to me two yong men from mount Ephraim, of the children of the prophetes: geue them a talent of siluer, and two change of rayment.Et ille ait: Recte. Dominus meus misit me ad te dicens: Modo venerunt ad me duo adolescentes de monte Ephraim, ex filiis prophetarum: da eis talentum argenti, et vestes mutatorias duplices. 23And Naaman said: It is better that thou take two talents. And he forced him, and bound two talents of silver in two bags, and two changes of garments, and laid them upon two of his servants, and they carried them before him.E Naaman disse: È meglio, che tu prenda due talenti: e sforzollo a prenderli, e legò i due talenti d'argento in due sacchi colle due mute di vesti, e li fece porre sulle spalle di due de' suoi servi, i quali li portarono andando avanti a Giezi.And Naaman sayd: It is better that thou take two talentes. And he forced him, & bound the two talentes of siluer in two bagges, and the duble rayment, & layd it vpon two of his seruantes, who also caried it before him.Dixitque Naaman: Melius est ut accipias duo talenta. Et coëgit eum, ligavitque duo talenta argenti in duobus saccis, et duplicia vestimenta, et imposuit duobus pueris suis, qui et portaverunt coram eo. 24And when he was come, and now it was the evening, he took them from their hands, and laid them up in the house, and sent the men away, and they departed.E giunto (a casa) che era già sera, li prese dalle lor mani, e li ripose nella casa, e licenziò quegli uomini, i quali se n'andarono:And when he was come now in the euening, he tooke it out of their hand, & layd it vp in the house, & dismissed the men, and they departed.Cumque venisset jam vesperi, tulit de manu eorum, et reposuit in domo, dimisitque viros, et abierunt. 25But he went in, and stood before his master. And Eliseus said: Whence comest thou, Giezi? He answered: Thy servant went no whither.Ed egli andò, e si presentò dinanzi al suo padrone. Ed Eliseo disse: Donde vieni, o Giezi? Ed ci rispose: Il tuo servo non è andato in verun luogo.And himself going in, stood before his maister. And Eliseus said: From whence comest thou Giezi? Who answered: Thy seruant hath not gone any whither.Ipse autem ingressus, stetit coram domino suo. Et dixit Eliseus: Unde venis, Giezi ? Qui respondit: Non ivit servus tuus quoquam.
26But he said: Was not my heart present, when the man turned back, from his chariot, to meet thee? So now thou hast received money, and received garments, to buy oliveyards and vineyards, and sheep, and oxen, and men-servants, and maid-servants.Ma quegli disse: Non era forse presente il mio spirito, quando quell'uomo scese dal suo cocchio per venirti incontro? Orsù, tu hai ricevuto dell'argento, e delle mute di abiti, per comperare degli uliveti, e delle vigne, e delle pecore, e de' buoi, e degli schiavi, e delle schiave.But he sayd: Was not my hart present, when the man returned out of his chariote to meete thee? Now therfore thou hast receiued siluer, and taken rayment, to bye oliuetes, and vineyardes, and sheepe, and oxen, and seruantes, and handmaides.At ille ait: Nonne cor meum in præsenti erat, quando reversus est homo de curru suo in occursum tui ? nunc igitur accepisti argentum, et accepisti vestes ut emas oliveta, et vineas, et oves, et boves, et servos, et ancillas. 27But the leprosy of Naaman, shall also stick to thee, and to thy seed for ever. And he went out from him a leper, as white as snow.Ma anche la lebbra di Naaman si appiccherà a te, e alla tua stirpe in eterno. E quegli si partì da lui con lebbra simile alla neve.But the leprosie also of Naaman shal cleaue to thee, and to thy seede, for euer. And he went out from him a leper as it were snow.Sed et lepra Naaman adhærebit tibi, et semini tuo usque in sempiternum. Et egressus est ab eo leprosus quasi nix.
5:1
Menochius
King, Benadad, who had defeated Achab, and was slain by Hazael; (chap. 8.; Tirinus) or, according to Salien, Hazael was already king. (Menochius)
Haydock
Josephus passes over this history. It is not known for what reason, (Calmet) unless he was staggered at the petition of Naaman, ver. 18, 19. (Haydock)
Syria. The Rabbins say, by killing Achab, 3 Kings 22:34. But their authority is very small; (Haydock) and he might signalize himself on many other occasions.
5:2
Robbers; soldiers. (Tirinus) (2 Kings 4:2.)
Strabo xi
Such invaded the dominions of Joachin, 4 Kings 24:2. Irruptions of this nature were then very common, (see Judges 11:3., and Job 1:15.) and regarded as noble military exploits. When the Greeks first became acquainted with navigation, they exercised themselves in this manner; (Thucydides l.) and the Germans allowed their citizens to take from other people. Juventutis exercendae ac desidiae minuendae causa. (Caesar, Bel. Gal. vi.) Those who had been plundered, were allowed to redeem their goods. (Strabo xi.)
Calmet
The Arabs still maintain their right to live upon their neighbours. (Calmet)
The Christian religion has introduced more gentle manners.
Haydock
Maid. It seems, however, she was well informed of the miraculous powers and goodness of Eliseus. (Haydock)
5:5
Tirinus
Raiment; the tunic and the cloak, (Calmet) of a finer sort. (Tirinus)
5:7
Calmet
Leprosy. The cure was deemed very difficult; as it generally kept gaining ground, and destroyed the constitution. See Numbers 12:12., and Isaias 53:4. (Calmet)
Haydock
Me. The letter was, in effect, written in a haughty style, (Menochius) and the king might naturally infer that war would be the consequence. (Haydock)
5:8
Menochius
Israel; able to perform much greater wonders, by God's assistance. (Menochius)
5:10
Messenger. Eliseus supports the dignity of God's envoy, and shews the general that his cure was to be attributed, not to the presence of the prophet, but to the will and goodness of God.
5:12
Calmet
Pharphar. Benjamin (p. 53) informs us that the former river serves to water the city, and the second the surrounding gardens. Maundrell could discover no vestiges of these names in Syria, but he describes the Barrady, which supplies Damascus with abundance of water. Stephanus calls it Bardine; and others, the Chrysorroas. The Orontes, which is supposed to be one of these rivers, flows by Antioch into the Mediterranean sea. (Calmet)
5:13
Calmet
Father; a title given to masters, kings, etc. The Romans senators were styled, "conscript fathers;" and Homer calls kings "the fathers and shepherds of the people." See Genesis 45:8. (Calmet)
Haydock
Masters may often derive benefit from the observations of their servants, as Naaman did repeatedly, ver. 2. This may serve to correct their pride. (Haydock)
Menochius
Clean. The patient ought not to prescribe rules to his physician. (Menochius)
Haydock
How justly might these words be addressed to delicate penitents! (Haydock)
5:14
Clean. If bathing seven times in the Jordan had been an infallible remedy, there would soon have been no lepers in the land; and our Saviour plainly intimates that the cure was miraculous, Luke 4:27. The leprosy of Naaman, though inveterate, was cured in an instant. To bathe in a rapid stream, is allowed to be very salutary for removing the diseases of the skin. (Calmet) (Vales. 38.)
5:15
Calmet
A blessing. A present, (Challoner) accompanied with wishes of happiness, on both sides. We have seen that the prophets generally received such presents. But Eliseus acts with more reserve in regard of this stranger, as St. Paul did towards the new converts; though he received some sustenance from those, who would be less in danger of suspecting that he was actuated by selfish views in preaching the gospel, 2 Corinthians 10:7., and 12:14., and Matthew 10:8. (Calmet)
Menochius
They abstained from every appearance of evil, (Haydock) though they might lawfully have accepted such presents. Eliseus wished to convince Naaman that God's grace was not to be purchased, and to leave a lesson of moderation to future teachers. (Menochius)
5:17
Menochius
Mule; (burdonum,) the offspring of a horse and of an ass. (Menochius)
Haydock
Earth, to make brick for an altar, or to inclose within a box of brass, as was done in the altar of holocausts in the desert; or, in fine, to sprinkle on some clean place, where an altar might be erected, in honour of the true God. He does not inquire what ceremonies were used in the land of Israel, (Calmet) as he was not enrolled by circumcision, among the Hebrews, as an observer of their law; but intended to serve God, like Job, and many other righteous Gentiles, who kept themselves clear of idolatry, and observed the ancient patriarchal religion with a clean heart. (Haydock)
Worthington
As God had sanctified the land by the observance of his true religion, Naaman rightly judged that it was fitter for an altar than the earth of his own country. (Worthington)
Benjamin
The Jews had a particular veneration for it, Psalm 101:15. They built a synagogue in Persia, with earth and stones taken from Jerusalem. (Benjamin)
Christians sometimes carry away the same earth. (St. Augustine, de C.[City of God?] 22:8.) (Turon. 1:7.)
5:18
Remmon, denotes "a pomegranate," or something "elevated," and is probably an epithet of the sun, the chief idol of the Syrians, which was also styled Adad, "one," as both are united, Zacharias 12:11.
Pausan. in Corinth
Rempham is probably the same divinity, Acts 7:43. Septuagint here read, Remman. Hesychius explains Ramas, "the highest god." Selden thinks the Elion of the Phoenicians is understood; Grotius, that Saturn, the highest of the planets, is meant. Serarius declares for Venus, to whom pomegranates were sacred; and P. Martyr for Juno, who held one of these apples in her hand. (Pausan. in Corinth)
Remmon occurs no where else.
Calmet
Hand. This was an honour of the chief favourite, 4 Kings 7:2. (Calmet)
Thing. He does not ask leave to commit sin, which would be absurd; though Protestants are not ashamed to accuse the Catholic Church, as if her "indulgences" were pardons for sins to come; though they be in reality no pardon for sin at all, but only a remission of temporal punishment, after the sin has been remitted by penance. Why do they not manfully attack what we really profess to believe?
Haydock
When he. Hebrew, "when I bow," etc. (Haydock)
5:19
Challoner
Go in peace. What the prophet here allowed, was not an outward conformity to an idolatrous worship, but only a service which by his office he owed to his master; who, on all public occasions, leaned on him: so that his bowing down when his master bowed himself down, was not in effect adoring the idols; nor was it so understood by the standers by, (since he publicly professed himself a worshipper of the only true and living God) but it was no more than doing a civil office to the king, his master, whose leaning upon him obliged him to bow at the same time that he bowed. (Challoner)
Calmet
Some assert that the prophet does not even authorize this civil assistance in the temple of idols, but simply tells Naaman to go in peace, and to think no more of his former religion; that he will beseech the Lord not to suffer him to be exposed to the danger. (Junius and Piscator) (Calmet)
Worthington
Some formerly pleaded this example, to excuse their occasional conformity in going to the Protestant churches, as the law required. But the case was very different. Greater perfection is required in the new law. They had not to act in the capacity of Naaman; and their attendance was considered as a profession of a false religion. Their directors loudly condemned the practice. They ought rather to have imitated Eleazar, etc., who refused to eat swine's flesh, 2 Machabees vi., and vii. (Worthington)
Bristow
Though the king intended to adore the idol, Naaman referred his worship to God alone. (Bristow, Mot. 23.; Theodoret, q. 19.; and a Greek interpreter.)
Amama
The Hebrew term signifies, either to adore mentally, or to bend down; which latter is the sense applicable to Naaman. (Cajetan) (Amama)
Button
His "request must certainly refer to the time past, and not to that to come; as if he begged an indulgence in idolatry, or of countenancing his master's idol-worship, by his presence." (Button, Dict.)
Maimonides
The Jews foolishly pretend (Calmet) that "the proselyte of dwelling," like Naaman, might return to the service of idols, in his own country, without its being imputed to him. (Selden, Jur. 2:11.) (Maimonides)
Calmet
The conduct of the Syrian convert, whether past or future, undoubtedly filled him with alarm. If he considered the danger of a merely civil attendance upon the king, in an idolatrous temple, we cannot condemn him of idle scrupulosity; (Haycock) since many have found a difficulty in admitting the lawfulness of such a practice, and have even blamed both Naaman and the prophet. (Greg. de Valentia, etc., ep. Cornelius a Lapide) (Calmet)
Calmet
But if the practice was irreprehensible, as most interpreters assert, the answer of Eliseus might give this assurance to Naaman, and inform him that he need be under no farther apprehension on that account. Go in peace. These words do not expressly solve the difficulty; but the mode in which they were uttered might intimate, either that the general would be no longer under that embarrassment, (as we do not read that he ever attended the king of Syria into the temple afterwards) or that God had forgiven his former offences, and particularly the scandalous idolatry which now gave him so much pain. The original, ver. 18, which is generally translated in the present or future, (Haydock) may be better rendered in the past tense, as the Chaldean has it. "In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. My master going into the temple of Remmon to worship there, and leaning upon my hand, and I worshipped in the temple of Remmon, when I did worship in the temple of Remmon, that the Lord pardon," etc. St. Jerome and the Septuagint seem to have read more correctly, when he, etc. We may also render it in the present tense, "and I worship," or, "am wont to adore;" not that he meant to prevaricate any longer. The Syriac and Arabic read with an interrogation. "When I shall adore....(Calmet; or bow down, Haydock) will the Lord pardon me?" But this rather increases the difficulty. (Calmet)
Bochart
We may therefore conclude either that Naaman had no decision, or that he had leave to serve his master, (Haydock) in a civil capacity even in the temple; (Menochius; Tirinus; Alex. 2. dis. 7.; Santius, etc.) or, that he obtained pardon for his past transgressions. (Bochart; Calmet, etc.)
Tirinus
Earth, as the expression is rendered [in] Genesis 35:16., thoug here it is literally, "at the chosen season;" electo, not verno. The sense is the same. Cibrath, untranslated by the Septuagint, may denote a certain space, or village; (Haydock) "a furrow," of 240 feet long, and half that breadth; (Calmet) "a mile;" (Chaldean; Pagnin) or a portion of time allowed by the law, about a quarter of an hour, during which a mile, or sabbath-day's journey, might be performed. (Tirinus)
Protestants, "a little way."
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Haydock
Liveth. How unnecessary was this oath! But the Simoniac has no regard for any thing but money. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Him. The weight must have been considerable, (6000 sicles, ver. 26., and Exodus 38:25.; Haydock) otherwise Giezi would have preferred carrying them himself, that his master might not know. (Calmet)
Menochius
He had pretended a reluctance to take more than one talent, not to swerve from his master's injunctions. (Menochius)
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Calmet
Evening. Septuagint, Syriac, etc., seems to have read aupol, instead of the present Hebrew hopel, eminence," (Calmet) Protestants, "tower," (Haydock) at or near Samaria; when Giezi thought proper to take the burden himself to prevent detection. Eliseus would hardly dismiss the Syrians, when the night was so near at hand. (Calmet)
Haydock
It might however be found more eligible to travel in the evening, (Haydock) as it was now the spring or summer season, (Tirinus) or at least warm, ver. 10. (Haydock)
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Haydock
Present is not expressed in Hebrew but must be understood. Protestants, "Went not mine heart with thee." (Haydock)
Menochius
God has revealed the whole transaction to me. (Menochius)
Haydock
Heart in Scripture, often denotes the spirit or soul. (Haydock)
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Calmet
For ever. Not perhaps to those who might be already born, unless they were accomplices in the crime. The leprosy is hereditary. Giezi was punished for simony, in selling the miracle, as well as for lying and disobedience. (Calmet)
Tirinus
He might also have given occasion to Naaman to judge ill of his master; as the false prophets were noted for such avarice, Micheas 3:11. But Eliseus would probably take care to give him better information. (Tirinus)
Salien
He did not require his servant to give up what he had unjustly received, as the general had made over the property to him; and he thought proper to leave it in the hands of Giezi, to indemnify him for past services, and that he might have wherewith to support himself, as he now dismissed him from his company. (Salien, the year before Christ 903.)
Tirinus
Snow, and therefore more incurable. (Tirinus)
Calmet
See Leviticus xiii. (Calmet)
Worthington
"All the covetous and misers, together with their riches, possess the leprosy of Giezi:" thesaurum criminum congregarunt. (St. Ambrose) Giezi prefigured Judas, the false apostle of Christ, and all those who buy or sell spiritual things. By their avarice, they procure infamy in this world, and damnation in the next. (St. Augustine, ep. 208, de Temp.) (Worthington)
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A blessing.... a present.
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Go in peace.... What the prophet here allowed, was not an outward conformity to an idolatrous worship; but only a service which by his office he owed to his master: who on all public occasions leaned on him: so that his bowing down when his master bowed himself down was not in effect adoring the idols: nor was it so understood by the standers by, since he publicly professed himself a worshipper of the only true and living God, but it was no more than doing a civil office to the king his master, whose leaning upon him obliged him to bow at the same time that he bowed.
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In the liturgy The Epistle on Munday in the 3. weke of Lent.
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In respect of Gods special electing and sāctifying the land of Chanaan, by his true religion, Naaman rightly estemed that earth fitter for an altar then the earth of his owne countrie.
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19 Goe in peace.] Shcismatiques, as they are commonly (but improperly) now called in England, which being in mind and iudgement Catholiques, goe The case of going to heretical seruice, and Naamans going to the temple of an idol differ in diuers respectes. Difference of times. sometimes to Protestantes common prayers, or sermons, draw an excuse of their fact, from this warrant of the Prophet, permitting a Nobleman of Syria to goe and serue his king in the temple, when he adored an Idol. But whosoeuer wil duly consider this example, shal find great difference in respect of the times, places, persons, and of the very doubtes proposed, betwen this mans case and ours. For before Christs Gospel was promulgate, neither al Articles of faith were so expresly taught, nor the external profession therof so strictly commanded, as now they are in time of more grace, which geueth more ayde to mans weaknes, wherin also more perfection is required, and therfore our Sauiour exacteth of al to confesse him, and his Religion, before men: els he vvil denie them before his Father. Likewise in the place. where this Nobleman dwelt, his Mat. 10. presence in the temple, and seruice to the king, could not be accounted a reuolt from true religion, which was neuer professed there, nor be scandalous to anie Of places. man being al Infidels: but in a christian countrie; where al beare the name of Christians, especially where men are at controuersie about the true Christian religion, al that frequent, or repaire to the same assemblies, for publique seruice of God, are reputed to be of the same religion; or els dissemblers, as it were to haue no care of religion, knowing God, and not glorifying him as God. Rom. 1. 2. Pet. 1. and reuolting from the truth which they had lerned. The difference also of persons Of persons. is great. For this Nobleman hauing before his conuersion serued his king, in the office of sustayning him, when he bowed to the Idol, if he should haue refused to do the same, it would rather haue bene supposed, that he disdained his Maister, or shewed disloyaltie, then thought, that he refrayned for religion: wheras in our case, verie few do such temporal seruice, about the king in the church: and such as doe carrie the sword, scepter, or the like, are accounted of that religion, which is there practised; except they manifest the contrarie, as this man did, and our men commonly do not. Yea if anie do say they are Catholiques, and yet goe to the Protestantes church, they are counted of that rank, S. Paul speaketh of, which confesse they knovv God, but denie him in their deedes. Tit. •. And those which refuse such an office, can not be iudged disloyal, because it The thinges demanded differ much. is sufficiently knowne, that Catholiques refuse of mere conscience. An other most especial difference is in the thinges demanded. This Syrian promising expresly before the Prophet, and his owne great trayne, that he would neuer againe serue false goddes, and that he would serue the onlie true God, and for that purpose caried earth with him, to make an Altar for Sacrifice, and returning home preached the miracle wrought in himself, desired not to doe anie thing, wherby he might seme to serue an Idol: but that when the king leaning vpon D. ••istous Motiuo. 23. him, should adore Remmon, he might bow with his maister, not adoring the Idol, for he resolued and promised the contrarie, but adoring God Almightie, in whom now he beleued. And this the Prophet approued, in that time, place, and person to be lawful. But those that now in England goe to Protestants Personal presence at heretical seruice in England, a distinctiue signe of conformity to heresie. seruice, or sermons, do neither publikly renounce al heresies, not professe to frequent Masse, the true Sacrifice of the Christian Church, nor auouch the erecting of an Altar, but goe to church, to shew them selues obedient to the Parlament law, which abandoned the true Diuine Seruice, and in place therof appointed & commanded al to be present, at a new forme of common prayer, thereby making it a distinctiue signe of conformitie, and participation in that religion, which these dissemblers in their consciences know to be false.
This example therfore doth in no sorte warrant their going to the heretical church: but contrariwise admonisheth al to take resolution in our case (as Naaman did in his) of our Eliseus, or spiritual Superior, and if he should say: Goe in peace, then might they pleade an excuse, but he sayth: None can goe without incurring greuous sinne, and eternal damnation The case being so much different from Naamans. It is in deede more like to that of Eleazatus, and other Machabees, who were commanded by eating svvines flesh, to depart from the lavv of A case very like to ours 2. Machab. •. 7. God, and their fathers. VVhich by no meanes was lawful to doe, nor to make shew of doing it, but rather to dye, as they did most gloriously.
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Giezi prefigured Iudas the false Apostle of Christ. and al those that buy or sel spiritual thinges for money who by their auarice lose Gods grace, and gaine infamie in this world, and eternal damnation in the next. S. Aug. ser. 208. de tempore.
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St Basil the Great † AD 379 The Letters 188
XVI. Naaman was not a great man with the Lord, but with his lord; that is, he was one of the chief princes of the King of the Syrians.
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Mysteries 3
… and so remembering this, he did not obey the command of the prophet, yet on the advice and persuasion of his servants he yielded and dipped himself. And being forthwith cleansed, he understood that it is not of the waters but of grace that a man is cleansed.
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St Athanasius of Alexandria † AD 373 Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) 3.23.2
… was his own but what was from God, ‘Thus saith the Lord,’ and since the works of the Saints, as they professed, were not their own but God’s who gave the power, Elijah for instance and Elisha invoking God that He Himself would raise the dead, and Elisha saying to Naaman, on cleansing him from the leprosy, ‘that thou mayest know that there is a God in Israel
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Tertullian † AD 220 The Five Books Against Marcion 4.9
… nor, in like manner, as having destroyed the law, who had escaped defilement from the occasion of his phantom nature, not from any display of virtue. If, however, the Creator’s prophet Elisha cleansed Naaman the Syrian alone, to the exclusion of so many lepers in Israel,
Origen † AD 254 Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 6.28
… But that we may receive the right interpretation about this Jordan, so good to drink, so full of grace, it may be of use to compare the cleansing of Naaman the Syrian from his leprosy, and what is said of the rivers of religion of the enemies of Israel. It is recorded of Naaman
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St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 3.1.6
… Having distributed ten loaves to the people for food, he gathered up the fragments that were left after they had been filled. He makes the iron head of the axe, which had fallen off and was sunk deep in the river Jordan, to swim by putting the wooden handle in the water. He changes leprosy for cleanness,
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St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 Concerning Repentance 2.2
… and God is able whensoever He wills to forgive us our sins, even those which we think cannot be forgiven. And so it is possible for God to give us that which it seems to us impossible to obtain. For it seemed impossible that water should wash away sin, and Naaman the Syrian
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom 31
But see his dullness: how he requires of Christ two things, both His actual presence, and the laying on of His hand: and this by the way is a sign that he had left her still breathing. This Naaman also, that Syrian, required of the prophet. “For I thought,” saith he, “he will surely come out, and will lay on his hand.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John 56
… Often have I washed there with many others, and have gained no good; had he possessed any power, he would while present have healed me.” Just as Naaman spake respecting Elisha; for he too being commanded to go wash in Jordan, believed not, and this too when there was such a fame abroad concerning Elisha. (
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St Irenaeus of Lyons † AD 202 Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus, XXXIV 1
“And dipped himself,” says [the Scripture], “seven times in Jordan.”
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Holy Spirit 1.pref.17
17. This is the special excellence of Thy loving-kindness, wherewith Thou hast redeemed the whole world one by one. Elijah was sent to one widow; Elisha cleansed one;
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Mysteries 4
21. So that Syrian dipped himself seven times
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Pope St Gregory I the Great † AD 604 Register of the Epistles of St. Gregory the Great 6.60
We have received with the charity that was due to the bearer of these presents, our common son the deacon Isidore, who brought to us the benediction
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Second Corinthians 23
[8.] So that when thou seest a rich man plundering a poor, leave him that suffereth wrong, and weep for the plunderer. For the one putteth off filth, the other bedaubeth himself with more filth. Such was the fate of Elisha’s servant in the story of Naaman (
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St Cyril of Jerusalem † AD 386 The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril 16.17
… and he took the money from Naaman, and bestowed it in a dark place. But the darkness is not hidden from the Saints . And when he came, Elisseus asked him; and like Peter, when he said, Tell me whether ye sold the land for so much ? he also enquires, Whence comest thou, Gehazi
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St Athanasius of Alexandria † AD 373 Life of Antony. (Vita Antoni.) 16
… And if even once we have a desire to know the future, let us be pure in mind, for I believe that if a soul is perfectly pure and in its natural state, it is able , being clear-sighted, to see more and further than the demons—for it has the Lord who reveals to it—like the soul of Elisha, which saw what was done
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on First Corinthians 15
… For this is the meaning of being “present in spirit:” as Elisha was present with Gehazi, and said, “Went not my heart with thee? (
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 City of God 22.29
… For, following the Septuagint version, these are the prophet’s words: “Did not my heart go with thee, when the man came out of his chariot to meet thee, and thou tookedst his gifts?”
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2. ROBBERS HAD GONE OUT FROM SYRIA, that is soldiers to plunder the hostile land of Israel: thus soldiers were formerly called "robbers," for reasons which I gave above; now often they are not only called, but in fact are robbers. AND HAD TAKEN CAPTIVE A LITTLE GIRL, through whom God healed Naaman the prince of Syria both in body and in mind, so that he became faithful and a worshipper of God. Thus under the Emperor Constantine a Christian woman captive by her constant prayers, fastings and exercises of piety brought the Iberians to the faith of Christ, as Nicephorus testifies, lib. VIII, cap. XXXIV.
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5. And ten changes of raiment, so that he might offer them to Elisha, who would use them when he wished to change his daily garment. He means more elegant and precious garments, which we use in public and on solemn days, says Vatablus.
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6. THAT THOU MAYEST CURE HIM OF HIS LEPROSY, that thou mayest cure him to be freed from leprosy through the prophet, whom I hear is with thee as a worker of wonders. For the king did not know Elisha, and therefore he writes not to him, but to the king of Israel known to him, so that through Elisha Naaman might be cured and healed.
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7. AM I GOD? The king of Israel received the words of the king of Syria harshly: for he did not know what the girl had said to the king of Syria about Elisha, and that the king was seeking to be cured of leprosy not by himself, but through Elisha. Whence he suspected that the king was laying a trap for him, and was meditating war, and was using this occasion of war as a pretext.
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10. AND ELISHA SENT A MESSENGER TO HIM. Why did not Elisha himself go to Naaman, so that he might receive him honorably as a prince? Theodoretus and Procopius first respond that Elisha was so devoted to the law that he would not wish to bear even the sight of an unclean man, much less his touch, so that we might understand how much we ought to avoid those customs and practices which are stained by the leprosy of grave sins of infidelity and heresy. Secondly, and more truly, so that he might show himself withdrawn from the court and courtiers, devoted to God alone as it were in a religious manner, and therefore making little account of the presence of princes, servants, horses and pomp, which the world admires. He did not therefore do this from pride, inasmuch as he "not only allowed himself to be seen, but also to be touched by a woman," chap. IV, as St. Gregory says, lib. VII Moral. cap. XV, who also at the beginning of the chapter, praising the loftiness of soul in Elisha and similar saints, says: "For all things which stand out externally lie in contempt before their hidden gaze. For, rapt inwardly above themselves, they fix their mind on another thing, and whatever they suffer in this life they behold as if falling far below and alien from themselves; and, so to speak, while they strive with their mind to become outside the flesh, they almost ignore the very things which they endure. In the eyes of these men, what stands out temporally is not lofty. For as those situated on the summit of a great mountain, they fully despise the joys of the present life: and transcending themselves through spiritual loftiness, they see subject to themselves whatever swells forth outside through carnal glory. Whence also they spare no powers against the truth: but those whom they see exalted through pride, they press down through the authority of the spirit." Thus St. Antony, greeted by Constantine the Great through letters, scarcely wished to reply; he replied nevertheless, compelled almost by his disciples, and gave him admonitions of salvation, as St. Athanasius testifies. Thirdly, Elisha wished to increase the magnitude of the future miracle and healing, in that he accomplished it through a servant as intermediary, says Abulensis; and that not by touch, but by word alone, says the Author of the Wonders of Holy Scripture, lib. II, cap. XXVIII.
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11. I THOUGHT THAT HE WOULD COME OUT TO ME, AND STANDING WOULD INVOKE THE NAME OF THE LORD HIS GOD, AND WOULD TOUCH WITH HIS HAND THE PLACE OF THE LEPROSY, AND WOULD HEAL ME. Naaman speaks from the sense of proud pagan princes, who from their own judgment prescribe for themselves the manner of performing a miracle; but God, wishing to humble them, prescribes another manner of it, so that they might learn to submit themselves and their judgment to God, and to receive the law from God, not to give it, and to obey Him simply in all things.
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12. ARE NOT ABANA AND PHARPHAR, THE RIVERS OF DAMASCUS, BETTER? Hear Benjamin in the Itinerary: "The city itself of Damascus is very great and very beautiful, surrounded by walls; but the whole region is furnished with gardens and paradises, containing fifteen miles on each side. Nowhere else in all the fertile land is a city like this visited, which two rivers flowing down from Mount Hermon bless, Amma and Pharphar: for the city is situated under Mount Hermon, Amma flows into the city itself, whose waters are conducted through pipes into all the houses of the great, and also into the forums and streets; and the region itself is frequented with the business of all lands. But Pharphar, flowing past the city itself, irrigates all the gardens and paradises."
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13. FATHER, IF THE PROPHET HAD TOLD YOU TO DO SOME GREAT THING, YOU WOULD SURELY HAVE DONE IT; HOW MUCH MORE THEN, WHEN HE HAS SAID TO YOU: WASH AND BE CLEAN. Naaman was kind to his servants like a father, so much so that he was called "father" by them, and was loved as a father, and he therefore benevolently suggested to him the saving counsel, which he himself heard and accepted peacefully. Thus also Elisha called his master Elijah father, saying: "My father, the chariot of Israel and the charioteer thereof." Thus even now the Dutch, kind by nature, call their heroes and lords: Baer, that is, father.
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14. HE WENT DOWN AND WASHED SEVEN TIMES IN THE JORDAN. Why seven times? So that the number seven, which is considered the number of universality, might demonstrate all capital sins, which are numbered as seven; and in all time, which is encompassed by the seven days of the week, to be utterly eradicated from souls. Tertullian, book IV against Marcion, chapter IX, of nations, says: "Which shudder at seven stains of capital offences. Wherefore seven times, as it were through individual titles, he washed in the Jordan; and at the same time so that he might sing the expiation of the whole week, because the power and fullness of a single washing was dedicated to Christ alone, who was to accomplish on earth, just as a concise word, so also a washing." Secondly, seven times, so that perfect cleansing and health of body and soul might be signified: for the former consists of four elements, and is produced by their proper temperament; the latter, however, is accomplished by invoking the name of the Holy Trinity in baptism. Thus Theodoret and Procopius. Thirdly, the sevenfold washing adumbrates the seven Sacraments of the Church of Christ, by which all the leprosy of sin is wiped away; these therefore are as it were seven baptisms and ablutions of the soul. AND HE WAS MADE CLEAN. Behold here is the fruit of simple obedience. Thus Constantine the Great was cleansed from leprosy by the water of baptism conferred by St. Sylvester, not by the power of water, nor even by the power of baptism precisely (for the effect of baptism is to wash away the sins of the soul, not the leprosy of the body), but because this water was the instrument of divine will and prophetic command," as St. Ambrose says. Allegorically, the washing of Naaman in the Jordan signifies first baptism, which washes away the leprosy of the soul. For this Jordan, when Christ was baptized in it, was as it were consecrated for this purpose. Secondly, penance; for Jordan in Hebrew is the same as "river of judgment," which is accomplished in the Sacrament of penance. Thus Angelomus, Prosper and others. Hear St. Ambrose, book IV chapter IV on Luke: "Learn that spiritual Sacraments are signified. The remedy of the body is sought, the health of the mind is acquired. The flesh is washed, affections are diluted. For I see no more the leprosy of the body than of the mind was made clean: when after baptism the filth of old error being wiped away, he denies that he will offer to strange gods the sacrifices which he had promised to the Lord." Hence Elisha here was a type of Christ commanding the Apostles: "Freely you have received, freely give," says St. Augustine, sermon 208 On the Seasons.
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15. I BESEECH YOU THEREFORE THAT YOU ACCEPT A BLESSING FROM YOUR SERVANT, namely the gifts which I have brought you verse 5. For these are called by the Hebrews "blessing," because they are signs of love and benevolence. Add: this "blessing" is real, and the same as "benefaction." Thus to bless of God is efficacious, and the same as to do good.
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16. AS THE LORD LIVES, BEFORE WHOM I STAND, BECAUSE I WILL NOT ACCEPT, that is to say, even if I were with my disciples in the utmost want and poverty, nevertheless I swear that I will not accept your gifts, so that I might show this miracle to be not mine, but God's; and so that I might demonstrate that I have done it purely from love of God, not for the sake of gifts; and so that you might learn that the servants of God should seek not the gifts of men, but of God. St. Hilarion did the same. Hear what St. Jerome writes concerning Orion, who was freed by him from a legion of demons, in his life: "Being healed," he says, "with his wife and children, he came to the monastery, bringing many gifts, as if to repay a favor. To whom the saint: Have you not read," he said, "what Gehazi, what Simon suffered; the one of whom accepted a price, the other offered it: so that he might sell the grace of the Holy Spirit, this one might traffic in it? And when Orion weeping said: Accept, and give to the poor, he replied: You are better able to distribute your own, you who walk through cities, and know the poor; I, who have left my own, why should I seek after another's?" Perfect holiness therefore rejects any and all gifts, as Abraham did, Genesis XIV, 22; concerning whom St. Ambrose, book I On Abraham, chapter III: "How great," he says, "is that, that he wished to touch nothing of the spoils of victory, nor to accept what was offered? For the acceptance of reward diminishes the fruit of triumph, and gnaws at the grace of a benefit. For it matters greatly whether you have fought for money or for glory." Hence he merited to hear from God: "I am your protector and your reward exceeding great," Genesis XV, verse 1. Where St. Ambrose cited: "Because," he says, "he did not seek reward from man, he received it from God."
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17. I BESEECH THEE, GRANT TO THY SERVANT THAT I MAY TAKE AWAY FROM THE LAND OF ISRAEL THE BURDEN OF TWO MULES. "Burden," that is, of mules, as the Chaldean, the Septuagint, Vatablus, Pagninus and others translated it. For in Hebrew פרד Pered is a mule, and perhaps from Pered the word burdo is derived, changing the letter P into the neighboring labial B. In the Digest, lib. XXXII, tit. 49, mention is made of "Burdones," where Accursius wrongly understands staffs, which in French are called bourdons. Whence Cujacius, lib. XI Observat. cap. XVI, asserts that "burdones" are mules, which are called manni and burici, begotten from an ass and a mare, or a horse and a she-ass; and therefore in Hebrew they are called peradim, that is, divided, separated, because they are of a species divided and diverse from their parents: for פרד parad means to divide, to separate. The sense is, as if to say, Grant that I may be able to take from thy land as much as two "burdones," that is, mules, can carry, so that from it, as from holy ground, I may erect an altar to the God of Israel in my native country, whom alone I acknowledge, venerate and love as the true God from this miracle of my healing. Whence it is probable that Naaman erected a temple or shrine around the altar, and in it with his whole family worshipped God, and induced many others to worship Him there. Naaman could have erected an altar from the land of Syria, yet he preferred the Israelite land, because, as Theodoret notes, Quæst. XIX, and Abulensis, Quæst. XXII, he believed it to be holy, which God had chosen before all others, in which He had placed His people and His temple, which was celebrated by the dwellings and virtues of so many most holy men. Note this passage in favor of the veneration of the relics of the Saints, for Eliseus the prophet of God approved the vow of Naaman. NOR SHALL THY SERVANT MAKE HOLOCAUST OR SACRIFICE TO STRANGE GODS EXCEPT (but only) TO THE LORD. In Hebrew Jehova, who is the true and only God of Moses and Israel. Behold, to this point the holiness of Eliseus and his contempt of gifts led Naaman. Whence Mendoza in lib. I Reg. XII, 4, says that he judged that land holier, in which the desire for gifts is buried, than that water in which the leprosy of bodies is expiated. For this reason, when offering to Eliseus who healed his leprosy, he offered gold, as to a physician: when offering to him who rejected gold, he offered prayers, as to God: and he dared to carry away a portion of the earth, not by his own authority, but having first obtained permission from him.
5:18
18. BUT THIS ONLY IS THAT FOR WHICH I BESEECH THE LORD THY SERVANT, WHEN MY LORD THE KING OF SYRIA SHALL GO INTO THE TEMPLE OF REMMON TO ADORE, AND SHALL LEAN UPON MY HAND, IF I SHALL ADORE IN THE TEMPLE OF REMMON, WHEN HE ADORETH IN THE SAME PLACE, THAT THE LORD MAY BE MERCIFUL TO THY SERVANT FOR THIS THING.
5:19
19. WHO SAID TO HIM: GO IN PEACE. Gregory of Valencia, tract. On Faith and the Profession of Faith, disp. I, Quæst. III, point 2, ad 3, holds that this petition of Naaman contains an illicit matter, namely the profession of idolatry; for Naaman would have cooperated in the idolatry of the king in the adoration of the idol Rimmon, and therefore Elisha did not assent nor respond directly, but permitted it, that is, conducted himself negatively, because he saw him at that time incapable of correction, to put aside this simulation of idolatry, and therefore deferred it to another time, and for this occasion it sufficed him that he had led Naaman to the knowledge of the true God. But truly if Naaman cooperated in idolatry, Elisha ought to have instructed him on this matter and not dissimulated. For from the fact that he says: "Go in peace," Naaman altogether gathered that Elisha assented to his petition, and granted that, the king adoring, he himself also should adore in the temple of Rimmon; wherefore Elisha would have favored and confirmed Naaman in his idolatry, which God forbid. Worse, the Priscillianists, whom Machiavelli follows, said it was licit to simulate outwardly heresy or idolatry, provided you retain the true faith in your mind; whence they said: "Swear, perjure yourself, do not betray the secret." More mildly, yet wrongly, Adrian in IV, Quæst. I On Baptism, resp. ad 5, asserts it is licit to simulate idolatry outwardly, if scandal be absent, and the precept of confessing the faith does not press. Note therefore that this adoration of Naaman was not properly so called: for thus it would have been impious and idolatrous, but improper, namely a political bowing of the body, or a genuflection for the sake of obedience, so that namely he might support and sustain the king in the temple in the office committed to him, as he was also accustomed to do elsewhere; which he could not do unless, the king genuflecting, he himself likewise genuflected. It is a catachresis. This is evident from the Hebrew השח shaca, which properly signifies to bow or bend oneself, as Arias translates it here. Therefore the adoration of the king was one thing, that of Naaman another; for the king truly adored his idol Rimmon: but Naaman adored improperly, that is, bent himself, so that he might accommodate himself to his king bending, and might support and honor him. Therefore this adoration of his was not religious, but political and civil; just as Abraham adored, that is, showed reverence to, the sons of Heth, Gen. XXIII, 7, and Jacob adored, that is, venerated his son Joseph prince of Egypt, Hebr. XI, 21. For the king of Syria was accustomed, when he walked, or prostrated himself for any reason, to lean upon or with the hands, or shoulders of Naaman: wherefore it was necessary that Naaman accommodate himself to the king's motion and posture. From which it came about that when the king stood, he stood, when the king walked, he walked, and when the king proceeded, he himself also proceeded. For if he had omitted this, he would have been regarded as uncivil and rustic, indeed unfaithful. You will say: Naaman cooperated with the king adoring Rimmon; therefore he cooperated in his idolatry. I respond by denying the consequence. For he cooperated with the king in a natural action, namely in the bowing of the body only, not however in a moral action, or in the intention of the king, which was by bowing himself to adore Rimmon. Thus nobles, says Cajetan, accompanying their king going to a concubine, do not sin; because they do not accompany him so that he may go to fornicate and sin, but absolutely so that he may go wherever he wishes: for they accompany him only for the sake of honor and obedience, as servants their master. The sense therefore of Naaman was, as if to say: I ask, O Elisha, for the faculty that, the king bending himself in the temple of Rimmon to adore him, it may be licit for me also, sustaining the king, to bend myself, not to adore Rimmon, but so that I may render this obedience and service to my king, to which I am bound by my office, both in the temple and elsewhere, lest I fall in rank and dignity with the king. For the king leans upon me; wherefore wherever he himself bends and turns, I likewise must turn and bend myself. This act therefore of bending was indifferent and adiaphoron, and it was not sacred worship, but civil and political. For to sustain the king whether standing, or walking, or genuflecting is in itself an act of observance; by accident however it is, that it happens that he is sustained while he bends before an idol. For that is to show reverence not to the idol, but to the king. You will say, secondly: Naaman gave scandal to courtiers; for they themselves thought that he was adoring an idol with the king, namely Remmon. I answer that there was no scandal, both because they knew that Naaman was bound by his office to support the king in this bowing of his body, and to pretend nothing else; and because Naaman had publicly renounced idols, and professed the worship of the true God of Israel, and had erected an altar and a chapel for him, in which he compelled his whole family to worship the true God with him. Thus Abulensis, Lyra, Burgensis, Cajetan, Serarius, Sanchez, Salianus here, and Suarez, On Faith, tract. I, disp. XIV, sect. 4, num. 8. Moreover, Tertullian also, in the book On Idolatry, cap. XV, at the end: "But since, he says, thus evil has surrounded the world with idolatry, it will be permitted to be present at some things, which make us attentive to a man, not to an idol. Certainly I will not go when called to priesthood and sacrifice (for that is the proper office of an idol), but neither will I engage in counsel, nor expense, nor any other work in such matters. If I assist when called for the sake of sacrifice, I will be a partaker of idolatry: if another cause joins me to one sacrificing, I will be merely a spectator of the sacrifice." Furthermore, in this matter one must act with circumspection: for one circumstance sometimes changes the appearance of a deed, and what was lawful makes it unlawful; as if a king should wish to compel his servants to idolatry, and therefore compel them to go with him to a temple, so that they might adore an idol with him, as Julian the apostate did. Whence Valentinian, a military commander and later emperor, accompanied Julian indeed going to the temple of idols, for the sake of honor; but when there an idolatrous priest had sprinkled him with certain dewy fronds, he himself struck that priest a blow on the face and drove him away with insults, and cut off the part of his garment into which a drop of that sprinkling had fallen. For this reason he himself, on account of the Christian faith, was stripped of his military rank by Julian and sent into exile, but by this constancy in his faith he merited to succeed Julian in the empire after Jovian. "Whoever therefore put all things after piety, obtained all things by the reward of piety," says Baronius in the year of Christ 364. Thus St. Sergius and Bacchus, officers of the Emperor Maximian, accompanied him to sacrifice to Jupiter as far as the doors of the temple; but they were unwilling to enter it. When asked the reason, they said that they were prohibited by religion; for they were Christians, and worshipped not Jupiter, but the true God. For this reason they were tortured and died gloriously in the struggle of martyrdom on the 7th of October: because indeed then the followers of the emperor were accustomed to cast incense into the censer in honor of the idol, and to acclaim the idol, and to cooperate in other signs and ways with the emperor's idolatry. Add to this, when the persecution of Christians by emperors was raging, the sign of the worship of idols was to stand by at sacrifices. Finally, under the first ten emperors persecuting the faithful, Christians were fervent, and shunned and avoided any appearance and shadow of idolatry. Furthermore, Naaman here became a worshipper of the true God, but not however a Jew or a proselyte, because he was not circumcised; wherefore he was not bound to keep the law of Moses, just as all Jews were equally bound to it and to circumcision, as descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob: Naaman therefore remained a gentile, and worshipped the true God, just as all the fathers worshipped before the flood in the state of the law of nature. See St. Augustine, sermon 207 On the Seasons, which is concerning Naaman the Syrian. REMMON. Some think that Remmon is Jupiter, the chief of the gods, and therefore is called as it were רמון Remmon, that is, the exalted one, inasmuch as he thunders on high. Better Serarius, Sanchez and others think it to be Venus, both because Venus was the goddess of Syria, and because the Syrians made Venus both a god and a goddess, as Macrobius testifies; and because "Remmon" in Hebrew signifies the pomegranate. That apples, especially golden ones and pomegranates, were sacred to Venus on account of their beauty and the fecundity of their seeds, Theocritus, Virgil, Lucian and Ovid testify, in book X of the Metamorphoses. See Pererius, Hieroglyphics, book LIV. Thus the Romans worshipped Pomona, as it were the goddess of apples, as St. Augustine testifies, book III On the City of God, cap. XXIV. HE DEPARTED THEREFORE FROM HIM A CHOSEN MEASURE OF EARTH. The Chaldean and Pagninus: he departed from him a mile of earth; the Septuagint: in a space of earth; Isidore: as it were through a stadium of earth; Vatablus: a jugum of land; Cajetan from R. David: a meal's journey of earth, that is, Naaman had departed from Elisha by such a space as can be covered during a meal, namely a mile. And to this exposition Sanchez accommodates the Vulgate version, so that a chosen measure is called a mile; for a mile is the common and chosen measure of men, which they have all by common consent chosen for measuring the spaces and distances of places. But Our [Douay-Rheims], in Genesis XXXV, 16, translates it, in the spring time; elsewhere it translates it, the time of verdure. Therefore a chosen time is the spring time when all things are green. Thus Rupert: Scripture adds this, to signify that Elisha prudently prescribed to Naaman the washing in the Jordan, from the fact that it was spring time; for then, with the air growing warm, washings are healthful to the body, whereas in winter on account of the cold they are harmful. Again, to signify that this happier cure from leprosy happened to Naaman on account of the time, namely because it happened in spring, when all things are in bloom and inspire joy in man, he therefore returned home most joyfully. See the remarks on Genesis XXXV, 16.
5:20
20. AS THE LORD LIVETH, I WILL RUN AFTER HIM, AND WILL RECEIVE SOMETHING OF HIM, that is to say, I swear by God that I will ask Naaman for some gift, or present, in return for the health given to him by my master Elisha. From this it is clear that Gehazi was not properly guilty of simony, because he did not sell the miraculous healing to Naaman for a price, nor did he make a bargain with him concerning it; but after the healing had been freely given to him by Elisha, he asked for some gift from him: whereas the first simoniac was Simon Magus, who wished to buy the Holy Spirit from the holy Peter for money, Acts VIII; whence this sin received the name of Simony from him. Yet Gehazi sinned gravely: First, because he asked for and received this gift from Naaman without the knowledge and against the will of Elisha; secondly, because he lied, saying that Elisha was asking for it; thirdly, because he impressed upon Elisha this mark of covetousness, which greatly detracted from his sanctity and honour. For he himself, by refusing gifts from Naaman, was held to be a divine man, and a heavenly prophet: but now by asking for gifts he could appear to be a needy and covetous man, and like false prophets, who received gifts for their prophecies. Wherefore Naaman could have failed in the faith which he had conceived in the true God, from the sanctity and integrity of Elisha. Whence it is very probable that Elisha caused Naaman to learn that Gehazi had asked for these gifts from him without his knowledge, and was therefore punished by him with leprosy, so that in this way his integrity in the contempt of gifts might be made clear to Naaman; and thus he might be confirmed in the opinion which he had conceived of him, and in true faith in God. Fourthly, Gehazi sinned by theft, because Naaman was sending these gifts to Elisha, on whose account Gehazi was asking for them; but Gehazi intended to convert them to his own uses. Whence he hid them in verse 24, lest Elisha should know anything about them. Wherefore immediately Elisha reproaches him, verse 16: "Thou hast received silver," he says, "that thou mayest buy oliveyards and vineyards." Fifthly, he sinned by mental simony; for he had a simoniacal intention: for he asked for gifts from Naaman with a view to the miraculous healing conferred upon him by Elisha, as if this were the price and payment owed to Elisha for the healing. Whence St. Ambrose, in the book On the Dignity of the Priesthood, cap. IV, says that simoniacs are followers of Gehazi and Simon Magus, and therefore the leprosy of simony adheres not to their bodies, but to their minds.
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26. WAS NOT MY HEART PRESENT (present), WHEN THE MAN (Naaman) RETURNED FROM HIS CHARIOT TO MEET THEE. "Heart," that is, my mind and the eyes of my mind were supernaturally elevated and aided by God, so that your absent and remote acceptance of gifts from Naaman, as if present, they might know and perceive, that is to say, You thought me absent, when you asked for the gifts: but I was present to you in spirit; for by the intuition of my mind I saw all that you did. Much more, therefore, says St. Augustine, lib. XXII On the City of God, cap. XIX, can the Saints in heaven perceive absent and remote things which are done on earth. In a similar way St. Benedict saw many absent things, as St. Gregory relates, II Dialogues, cap. XIII, verses 18, 19. Whence St. Gregory adds that he had the spirit of Elisha. 26. THOU HAST RECEIVED SILVER, etc. THAT THOU MAYEST BUY OLIVEYARDS AND VINEYARDS, AND SHEEP, AND OXEN, AND MENSERVANTS, AND MAIDSERVANTS. A talent of silver contained six thousand shekels of silver, that is, six thousand florins of Brabant or of France, as the French call them: wherefore the two talents which Gehazi received were worth twelve thousand francs, which make four thousand French crowns: each of which contains twelve Julios or Royals; and with this sum at that time, when all things were at a low price, and silver was rare, all these things could be bought. Others explain it disjunctively, that is to say, That thou mayest buy, either oliveyards, or vineyards, or sheep and oxen. Hence it appears that Elisha gave and conceded these gifts to Gehazi himself, which Naaman had sent to him through Gehazi, lest he himself, possessing them unjustly, should continue to sin.
5:27
27. BUT ALSO THE LEPROSY OF NAAMAN SHALL CLEAVE UNTO THEE AND TO THY SEED FOREVER, not absolutely, as is evident, but as if to say for the longest and immemorial time, for example for three hundred years, or in the third and fourth generation, Exodus XXXIV, 7. Thus Serarius, Abulensis, Sanchez and others. The silver therefore which Giezi unjustly received was infected with poison and pestilential, like garments and money to which leprosy clings in a house infected with plague, so that it may seize and infect the one receiving them. For thus the leprosy of Naaman, as if it had clung to the silver, infected Giezi receiving it, and made him leprous. Wherefore afterwards Giezi did not associate with Eliseus, but as a leper had to avoid human society according to the law of Leviticus 13 and 14: for Eliseus, most zealous for the law, would not have admitted him to himself. Thus Abulensis, Question X, that therefore Giezi in chapter VIII, is said to have conversed with king Joram, and to have recounted to him the miracles of Eliseus, this seems to have happened before he was struck with leprosy; whence Abulensis, Serarius, Salianus and others hold there to be here a hysterologia, and that Giezi's leprosy, and consequently Naaman's coming to Eliseus and healing, happened later, namely in the last year of Joram's reign, when shortly after he himself was killed by Jehu: if anyone however wishes to retain the order of Holy Scripture, he must say that Giezi did penance, and thus placated God and Eliseus, and repelled leprosy from himself, if not from all his descendants, as Serarius says, and thus already cleansed he conversed with king Joram.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
5:1
besides a certain quantity of flour and oil. The expiatory sacrifice implies the concept of leprosy regarded as a punishment from God. In the Old Testament (cf. Ex. 4:6; Num. 5:2; 12:10; II Kings 5:1; 7:3; II Chron. 26:20 ff.) and in the New (cf. Mt. 8:2; 10:5; 11:5; 26:6) lepers are often spoken of, and the miraculous healing of some of them is narrated. …
The Syrian general, dear to his king (cf. 2 Kings 5:1), a contemporary of Ahab, Ahaziah and Joram, for having checked the invasions of Shalmaneser II, was struck with leprosy. …
5:12
Abana (Hebrew 'Abhānāh "Stony", from 'eben "Stone")
ABANA (Hebrew 'Abhānāh "Stony", from 'eben "Stone"). - River of Damascus, mentioned by the Syrian general Naaman (II Kings 5:12), who contrasts its importance with the modest course of the Jordan. …
… meeting with the King of Israel (ibid., p. 73, fig. 33) and his visit to the house of the prophet Elisha (ibid., p. 75, fig. 34). Markthaler emphasizes that Farfa takes its name precisely from the river "Pharphar" that bathes Damascus, mentioned by N. (II Kings 5, 12). Another, much later example (mid-13th century) is in St. Maria-Lys in Cologne (P. Clemen, Die romanische Monumentalmalerei in dem Rheinlanden, Düsseldorf 1916, p. 575 and pl. 24). Enrico Josi
5:13
… Counselor (Gen. 45, 8: Egyptian usage according to H. K. Brugsch), as in Esth. 3, 13 ἑσύτερος πατὴρ (addition of the Septuagint); in Ahiqar 55 (ed. Nau) the king's counselor is called "father of all Assyria." 7) More generically: head, superior, master (II Reg. 5, 13); whence the titles: 'ab beth-dîn ("president of the tribunal"), πατὴρ συναγωγῆς (= 'ab hak-kôniset) which occurs 10 times in the Jewish inscriptions of Rome.
5:14
The state of purity reintegrates the missing element in the impure man: Naaman is declared pure after having been healed of leprosy (II Kings 5:14); "Wash me from my sin" prays David (Ps. 50 [51]:4), that is: reintegrate in me whatever is missing, deficient. …
5:20
Giezi (Heb. Gēḇāzī; Septuagint = Giezí)
Greed and deceit, on the occasion of the miraculous healing of the Syrian general Naaman, ruined G., who as a punishment ended up a leper (2 Kings 5:20-27). The episode in which G. narrates to Jehoram, king of Judah, the prodigies performed by Elisha (2 Kings 8:1-6) is earlier than the preceding one, for the king would never have allowed …
5:24
The name, from the root 'áphal = "to swell," properly "protuberance," "prominence" (Deut. 28:27; I Sam. 54:61), came to mean a rise from the ground or a hill (cf. II Kings 5:24 "hill of Samaria"; Vulg. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.