History & Biography
Storia, Storici E Biografie Varie · 3,273 articles · Principal contributors · All subjects-
Sanudo, Marino The Elder (SANUDO, MARINO IL VECCHIO)
SANUDO, MARINO THE ELDER. - Venetian traveler and politician, b. ca. 1270 to Marco, of the branch of S. Severo, d. ca. 1343. From his youth… -
Sanudo, Marino The Younger (SANUDO, MARINO IL GIOVANE)
SANUDO, MARINO THE YOUNGER. - Venetian historian, b. in Venice on 22 May 1466, d. there on 4 April 1536; he took part in various offices in… -
Sapientia, Family of (SAPIENIA, FAMIGLIA)
SAPIENTIA, FAMILY OF. - A noble Polish house of Lithuanian origin. The S. (in old documents also SOPIEHA, SOPIHA, SOPIEŻYCZ) descend from… -
Sapor II, King of Persia (SAPORE II, NÉ DI PERSIA)
SAPOR II, King of Persia. - Of the Sassanid dynasty (310-79), of which he is the best-known member. Son of Hormizd II, he is known in… -
Sardi, Filippo
SARDI, FILIPPO. - Archbishop, b. in Lucca on 18 Oct. 1736, d. there on 8 March 1826. His life is closely bound up with the political… -
Sarpi, Paolo
SARPI, PAOLO. - Born in Venice on 14 Aug. 1552, died there on 14 Jan. 1623. Already at the age of 18 he distinguished himself at Mantua in… -
Sartiges, Eugène de
SARTIGES, EUGÈNE de. - Diplomat, b. at Gannat on 18 Jan. 1808, d. at Paris on 3 Oct. 1892. He began his diplomatic career in 1830 in Rome… -
Sassi, Giuseppe Antonio
SASSI, GIUSEPPE ANTONIO. - Born in Milan in 1672, died in May 1751. Enrolled in the Congregation of the Oblates, in 1703 he entered among… -
Satolli, Francesco
SATOLLI, FRANCESCO. - Cardinal, b. at Marsciano, archdiocese of Perugia, on 21 July 1839, d. at Rome on 8 Jan. 1910. He studied at the… -
Savelli, Family (SAVELLI, FAMIGLIA)
SAVELLI, FAMILY. - It appears in history with Aimerico, who was the father of CENCIO, papal chamberlain and cardinal of S. Lucia in Silice… -
Savelov, Ioachin (GIOACHINO SAVELOV)
SAVELOV, IOACHIN. - Patriarch of Moscow (1672-90). In 1685 he annexed the schismatic metropolis of Kiev to the patriarchate of Moscow. In… -
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von
SAVIGNY, FRIEDRICH KARL von. - Jurist, b. in Frankfurt am Main on 21 Feb. 1779, d. in Berlin on 25 Oct. 1861. He studied at the University… -
Savio, Fedele
SAVIO, FEDELE. - Jesuit, historian, b. at Saluzzo on 31 Jan. 1848, d. at Rome on 18 Feb. 1916. > (courtesy of Msgr. A. P. Frutaz) SAVOY,… -
Savonarola, Girolamo
SAVONAROLA, GIROLAMO. - Born in Ferrara on 21 Sept. 1452, to Niccolò di Michele Savonarola and Elena Bonacossi, perhaps a descendant of the… -
Savoy, House of (SAVOIA, CASA DI)
SAVOY, House of. - It appears in the history of western Italy at the beginning of the 11th century. Its first feudal domains are found in… -
Say, Family (SAY, FAMIGLIA)
SAY, FAMILY. - French economists, the best known of whom, JEAN-BAPTISTE, was b. at Lyon on 5 Jan. 1767, and d. at Paris on 15 Nov. 1832.… -
Sbaraglia (Sbaralea), Giovanni Giacinto
SBARAGLIA (Sbaralea), Giovanni Giacinto. - Historian and bibliographer of the Conventual Franciscans, b. at S. Niccolò della Rotta (Forlì)… -
Scalabrini, Giuseppe Antenore
SCALABRINI, GIUSEPPE ANTENORE. - Priest, b. in Ferrara on 13 March 1698, d. there on 5 April 1777. A priest in 1724, he was appointed… -
Scaliger, Giulio Cesare (SCALIGERO, GIULIO CESARE)
SCALIGER, GIULIO CESARE. - Philologist, philosopher and scientist, b. at Riva del Garda on 23 Apr. 1484 to the cartographer Benedetto… -
Scaliger, Giuseppe Giusto (SCALIGERO, GIUSEPPE GIUSTO)
SCALIGER, GIUSEPPE GIUSTO. - Philologist, b. at Agen on 4 Aug. 1540, d. at Leiden on 21 Jan. 1609. Son of the famous Giulio Cesare, he… -
Scarampi (Scarampa), Pier Francesco
SCARAMPI (Scarampa), Pier Francesco. - Oratorian, b. in 1596 in Monferrato, d. in Rome on > (from U. Prota Giurleo, A. S., Naples 1956… -
Schaefer, Thimotheus
SCHAEFER, THIMOTHEUS. - Capuchin canonist, b. at Hechingen (Hohenzollern) on 14 Sept. 1877, d. at Rome on 29 Nov. 1948. Having earned his… -
Schäzler, Konstantin von (SCHÄZLER, KOSTANTIN VON)
SCHÄZLER, Konstantin von. - Neo-Thomist theologian, b. at Augsburg on 7 May 1827, d. at Interlaken on 19 Sept. 1880. Of a noble Protestant… -
Scheeben, Mathias Joseph
SCHEEBEN, MATHIAS JOSEPH. - Theologian, b. at Mackenheim (near Bonn) on 1 March 1835, d. at Cologne on 21 July 1888. He took his degree in… -
Scheil, Vincent (secular name Jean) (SCHEIL, VINCENT (AL SECOLO JEAN))
SCHEIL, Vincent (secular name Jean). - Distinguished Dominican Assyriologist, b. at Königsmachern (Lorraine) on 10 June 1858, d. at Paris… -
Schell, Hermann
SCHELL, HERMANN. - Catholic theologian and apologist, b. 28 Feb. 1850 at Freiburg (Baden), d. 31 May 1906 at Würzburg. He studied theology… -
Schenk, Eduard von
SCHENK, EDUARD von. - Bavarian politician, b. 10 Oct. 1788 in Düsseldorf, d. 26 Apr. 1841 in Munich. He studied at the University of… -
Scherer-Boccard, Theodor
SCHERER-BOCCARD, THEODOR. - Swiss publicist and politician, b. 12 May 1816 at Donach (Solothurn), d. 6 February 1885 at Solothurn. He… -
Schervier, Franziska
SCHERVIER, FRANZISKA. - Foundress of the Poor Sisters of St. Francis, born at Aachen on 3 January 1819, died there on 14 December 1876. Of… -
Schiaparelli, Ernesto
SCHIAPARELLI, ERNESTO. - Egyptologist, b. at Occhieppo Inferiore (Biella) on 12 July 1856, d. at Turin on 17 February 1928. His first work,… -
Schiffini, Santo
SCHIFFINI, SANTO. - Jesuit, scholastic philosopher and theologian, b. at S. Domenica (province of Cosenza) on 20 July 1841, d. at Chieri… -
Schilling, Carl Halfdan
SCHILLING, CARL HALFDAN. – Barnabite, Servant of God, b. in Christiania on June 9, 1835, d. in Mouscron (Belgium) on Jan. 2, 1907.… -
Schmalzgrueber, Franz
SCHMALZGRUEBER, FRANZ. - Canonist, b. at Griesbach (Upper Bavaria) on 9 Oct. 1663, d. at Dillingen on 7 Nov. 1735. Having entered the… -
Schmidt, Anton Maria
SCHMIDT, ANTON MARIA. - Swiss politician and general from the Canton of Uri, b. 9 Nov. 1792, d. 1880. After taking part in 1823, with the… -
Schneider, Emilie
SCHNEIDER, EMILIE. - Of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Holy Cross, born in the world as Giulia, b. at Haaren (near Aachen) on 6… -
Schöpfer, Afmilian
SCHÖPFER, AFMILIAN. - Tyrolean politician and sociologist, b. 29 April 1858 in Bressanone, d. 24 March 1936 in Innsbruck. Ordained a priest… -
Schorlemer-Alst, Burghard von
SCHORLEMER-ALST, Burghard von. - German politician, b. 20 Oct. 1825 at Herringhausen near Lippstadt, d. 17 March 1895 at Alst (district of… -
Schouvaloff, Agostino Maria
SCHOUVALOFF, AGOSTINO MARIA - Barnabite, born in the world as Gregorio Petrovich, b. in St. Petersburg on 25 Oct. 1804 to Count Pietro and… -
Schröder, Alfred
SCHRÖDER, ALFRED. - Church historian, b. 4 Feb. 1865 at Passau, d. 16 March 1935 at Dillingen. Ordained priest in 1887 and having obtained… -
Schulte, Johann Friedrich von (SCHULTE, JOHANN FRIBDRICH VON)
SCHULTE, Johann Friedrich von. - Canonist and legal historian, b. 23 April 1827 at Winterberg (Westphalia), d. at Merano on 19 December… -
Schwartz, Eduard
SCHWARTZ, EDUARD. - Protestant, scholar of ecclesiastical history and philologist, b. in Kiel on 22 Aug. 1858, d. in Munich on 13 Feb.… -
Schwarzenberg, Family (SCHWARZENBERG, FAMIGLIA)
SCHWARZENBERG, FAMILY. - Noble family originating from Franconia, of the same stock as the counts of Seinsheim. In the 16th century ADAM… -
Schwarz, Wilhelm
SCHWARZ, WILHELM. - Publicist, b. 20 April 1852 at Nordkirchen (Westphalia), d. 20 December 1923 at Münster. A priest in 1878, he resided… -
Scialoja, Vittorio
SCIALOJA, VITTORIO. - Jurist, b. in Turin on 24 April 1856, d. in Rome on 19 November 1933. Having graduated from the University of Rome in… -
Sciò, Filippo (SCIO, FILIPPO)
SCIÒ, FILIPPO. - Piarist bishop, theologian, b. at La Granja (Spain) on 28 Sept. 1738, d. at Valencia on 9 Apr. 1796. After completing his… -
Sclopis di Salerano, Paolo Federico
SCLOPIS di SALERANO, PAOLO FEDERICO. - Italian politician and jurist, b. January 10, 1798 in Turin, d. there March 8, 1878. Having obtained… -
Scottì Gallarati, Filippo (SCOTTI GALLARATI, FILIPPO)
SCOTTÌ GALLARATI, FILIPPO. - Cardinal, b. in Milan on 25 Feb. 1747, d. at Gualtieri near Orvieto on 7 Oct. 1819. Admitted by Pius VI into… -
Sebastian, King of Portugal (SEBASTIANO, RE DI PORTOGALLO)
SEBASTIAN, King of Portugal. - B. in Lisbon on 20 Jan. 1554, d. at Ksar el-Kebir (Morocco) on 4 Aug. 1578. Penultimate king of the Aviz… -
Secundianus, Bishop of Singidunum (SECONDIANO, VESCOVO DI SINGIDUNO)
SECUNDIANUS, Bishop of Singidunum. - In 366 he was still a priest and a follower of Ursacius and Valens, as appears from the letter… -
Secundus (Secondinus) of Trent (SECONDO (SECONDINO) DI TRENTO)
SECUNDUS (SECONDINUS) OF TRENT. - He wrote a "succinctam de Langobardorum gestis historiolam" which Paul the Deacon (v.) used. In May 599… -
Secusia, Bonaventure (SECUSIO, BONAVENTURA)
SECUSIA, BONAVENTURE. - Friar Minor, patriarch of Constantinople and nuncio, b. at Caltagirone ca. 1558, d. at Catania on 29 March 1618.… -
Seeck, Otto
SEECK, OTTO. - Protestant historian, b. in Riga on 2 February 1850, d. in Münster on 29 July 1921. He first studied chemistry, then from… -
Segneri, Paolo the Younger (SEGNERI, PAOLO, IUNIORE)
SEGNERI, PAOLO THE YOUNGER. - Jesuit, popular missionary, nephew of the great preacher, b. in Rome on 18 Oct. 1673, d. at Senigallia on 15… -
Seipel, Ignaz
SEIPEL, IGNAZ. - Austrian politician, b. in Vienna on 19 July 1876, d. at Berndorf near Vienna on 2 Aug. 1932. The son of humble and modest… -
Seleucus I Nicator (312-280 B.C.), Monophthalmos, who under Alexander the Great (q.v.) commanded the cavalry and ruled Babylon (SELEUCO I, MONOFTALMO NICATORE (312-280 A. C.), CHE SOTTO ALESSANDRO MAGNO (V.) COMANDAVA LA CAVALLERIA, EBBE IL GOVERNO DI BABILONIA)
SELEUCUS I, Monophthalmus Nicator (312-280 B.C.), who under Alexander the Great (v.) commanded the cavalry, received the government of… -
Semenenko, Pietro
SEMENENKO, PIETRO. - Cofounder and general of the Congregation of the Resurrection, theologian, preacher, philosopher, ascetic and mystical… -
Septimius Severus (L. Septimius Severus), Roman Emperor (SETTIMIO SEVERO (L. SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS (L. Septimius Severus), Roman Emperor. - Born at Leptis Magna (Libya) on 11 April 146, died at York (England) in February… -
Serafini, Camillo
SERAFINI, CAMILLO. - Numismatist, b. 21 April 1864 in Rome to a well-known and well-to-do Roman family, d. in the Vatican on 21 March 1952.… -
Serbelloni, Family (SERBELLONI, FAMIGLIA)
SERBELLONI, FAMILY. - Of Milanese origin, it acquired importance in the 16th century. CECILIA was the wife of Bernardino Medici and the… -
Sergius I, Patriarch of Constantinople (SERGIO I, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
SERGIUS I, Patriarch of Constantinople. - Of Syrian origin, he was consecrated on 8 April 610, and died on 9 December 638. He placed the… -
Seripando, Girolamo
SERIPANDO, GIROLAMO.-Troiano S. (in the Order, Girolamo) descends from a noble Neapolitan family, belonging to the seat of Capua. Felice… -
Serry, Jacques-Hyacinthe
SERRY, JACQUES-HYACINTHE. - Dominican theologian and polemicist, b. at Toulon in 1658, d. at Padua on 12 March 1738. He entered the Order… -
Seton, Elizabeth Anna (SETON, ELISABETH ANNA)
SETON, ELIZABETH ANNA. - An eminent figure among foundresses in the United States during the period of the establishment of the Catholic… -
Settimo, Ruggero (SETTIMO, RUGGIERO)
SETTIMO, RUGGERO. - Politician, who played a notable part in the Italian Risorgimento, b. at Palermo on 19 May 1778, d. at Malta on 2 May… -
Seven Years' War (GUERRA DEI SETTE ANNI)
SEVEN YEARS' WAR. - After the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle the continental Powers aimed to prepare a coalition against Prussia, which Austria… -
Severoli, Antonio Gabriele
SEVEROLI, ANTONIO GABRIELE. - Cardinal, b. 28 Feb. 1757 at Faenza, d. 8 Sept. 1824 at Rome. He studied at Rome, at the Accademia… -
Seyssel, Claudio di
SEYSSEL, Claudio di. - Archbishop of Turin, b. between 1450 and 1460, d. at Turin on 30 May 1520. He studied at the University of Pavia and… -
Sfondrati, Family (SFONDRATI, FAMIGLIA)
SFONDRATI, FAMILY. - It appears at Cremona in the 13th-14th century. It became famous in the 16th century with FRANCESCO, b. at Cremona on… -
Sforza di Santa Fiora, Alessandro
SFORZA DI SANTA FIORA, ALESSANDRO. - Cardinal, b. in 1534, d. at Macerata on 16 May 1581, son of Costanza di Alessandro Farnese (Paul III).… -
Sforza, Family (SFORZA, FAMIGLIA)
SFORZA, FAMILY. - Originally from Cotignola (Ravenna), whose main branch attained the lordship of Milan. The surname of the family,… -
Sgaduto, Francesco
SGADUTO, FRANCESCO. - Jurist, b. at Bagheria (Palermo) on 30 July 1858, d. at Favara (Agrigento) on 29 June 1942. A private lecturer in the… -
Shroud (SINDONE)
SHROUD. - A burial cloth that wrapped the Body of Jesus Christ. Several cloths, preserved in various places, have aspired to this honor… -
Sibour, Dominique-Auguste-Marie
SIBOUR, DOMINIQUE-AUGUSTE-MARIE. - Archbishop of Paris, b. 4 April 1792 at St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (Drôme), d. 3 Jan. 1857 in Paris.… -
Siccardi, Giuseppe
SICCARDI, GIUSEPPE. - Statesman, b. at Verzuolo (Cuneo) on 13 Oct. 1802, d. at Turin on 29 Oct. 1857. A jurist of clear fame and a… -
Sichirollo, Giacomo
SICHIROLLO, GIACOMO. - Neo-Thomist philosopher and sociologist, b. at Arquà Polesine (Rovigo) on 17 April 1839, d. at Rovigo on 18 May… -
Sicilian Vespers (VESPRO SICILIANO)
SICILIAN VESPERS. - This is the name given to the insurrectionary movement that broke out in Sicily in 1282 for complex causes and with… -
Sifilino, Giovanni VIII, Patriarch of Constantinople (SIFILINO, GIOVANNI VIII, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
SIFILINO, Giovanni VIII, Patriarch of Constantinople. - Born between the years 1010 and 1012 at Trebizond, died 2 August 1075 at… -
Sigebert of Gembloux (SIGEBERTO DI GEMBLOUX)
SIGEBERT OF GEMBLOUX. - Benedictine, b. ca. 1030 near Gembloux, d. there on 5 October 1112. He taught for more than 20 years in the… -
Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and of Sweden (SIGISMONDO III VASA, RE DI POLONIA E DI SVEZIA)
SIGISMUND III VASA, King of Poland and of Sweden. - Son of John III, King of Sweden, and of Catherine Jagiellon, b. 20 June 1566 at… -
Sigismund II Jagellon, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (SIGISMONDO II JAGELLONE, RE DI POLONIA E GRANDUCA DI LITUANIA)
SIGISMUND II JAGELLON, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. - Son of King Sigismund I and of Bona Sforza, b. on 1 Aug. 1520 at… -
Sigismund I Jagiellon, Known as the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (SIGISMONDO I JAGELLONE, DETTO IL VECCHIO, RE DI POLONIA E GRANDUCA DI LITUANIA)
SIGISMUND I JAGIELLON, Known as the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. - Son of Casimir and of Elizabeth of Habsburg, b. at… -
Sigismund of Luxembourg, Emperor (SIGISMONDO DI LUSSEMBURGO, IMPERATORE)
SIGISMUND OF LUXEMBOURG, Emperor. - Second son of Charles IV of Luxembourg, king of Bohemia and emperor, and of Mary of Valois, daughter of… -
Signories and Principalities (SIGNORIE E PRINCIPATI)
SIGNORIES AND PRINCIPALITIES. - The two words, and especially the first, indicate two things linked to one another but in reality quite… -
Silesia (SLESIA)
SILESIA. - Historical region of Central Europe, formerly German and now divided between Poland, which includes almost all of it, and… -
Simler, Josia
SIMLER, JOSIAS. - Swiss humanist, b. 6 Nov. 1530 at Cappel, d. 2 July 1576 at Zurich. He studied Protestant theology at Zurich, Basel and… -
Simonetta, Giacomo
SIMONETTA, GIACOMO. - Cardinal, born in Milan in 1475, died in Rome on November 1, 1539. From 1505 he was a consistorial advocate and took… -
Simonetta, Giovanni
SIMONETTA, Giovanni. - Historian, b. at Caccuri (province of Catanzaro) between the first and second decade of the 15th century, d.… -
Simonetta, Ludovico
SIMONETTA, LUDOVICO. - Cardinal, born of a noble family in Milan around 1500, died in Rome on April 30, 1568. He took a degree in law. A… -
Simon of Cramaud (SIMONE DI CRAMAUD)
SIMON OF CRAMAUD. - Bishop and cardinal, b. before 1360 in the diocese of Limoges, d. 15 Dec. 1422. He studied law at Orléans; a doctor of… -
Simor, Johann
SIMOR, JOHANN. - Cardinal, b. 23 Aug. 1813 at Székesfehérvár (Stuhlweissenburg), d. 24 Jan. 1891 at Esztergom. A priest in 1856, in 1839… -
Sinclair, Margaret
SINCLAIR, MARGARET. - In religion Maria Francesca of the Five Wounds, b. in Edinburgh on 25 March 1900, d. in London on 24 Nov. 1925. Her… -
Sinistrari, Ludovico Maria
SINISTRARI, LUDOVICO MARIA. - Canonist, b. in Ameno (island of S. Giulio di Orta, Novara) on 26 January 1632, d. at Giardini on 6 March… -
Sirigo, Melezio
SIRIGO, MELEZIO. - Byzantine orator and anti-Protestant polemicist, b. at Candia (Crete) in 1586, d. at Galata (Constantinople) on 13 April… -
Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde de (SISMONDI, JEAN-CHARLES SIMONDE DO)
SISMONDI, JEAN-CHARLES-LÉONARD SIMONDE DE. - Historian and economist, b. at Geneva on 9 May 1773, d. there on 25 June 1842. A philosopher… -
Sisto, Sienese (SISTO DI SIENA)
SISTO, Sienese. - Biblicist, b. in Siena in 1520 to Jewish parents, d. in Genoa in 1569. As a young man S. converted and entered the… -
Skanderbeg, Giorgio Castriota, called (SCANDERBEG, GIORGIO CASTRIOTA DETTO)
SKANDERBEG, Giorgio Castriota, called. - Albanian national hero, b. ca. 1404, d. 17 January 1468, several times described by the Popes of… -
Skarga, Piotr
SKARGA, PIOTR. - Preacher, b. at Grojec (Masovia) in February 1536, d. at Kraków on 27 September 1612. He was one of the noblest figures in… -
Slavs (SLAVI)
SLAVS. - Collective name of a large Indo-European family. The prehistoric homeland of the Slavs was probably located between the Baltic and… -
Sleidanus, Johann
SLEIDANUS, JOHANN. - He was the most celebrated annalist of the German Reformation, born probably in 1506 at Schleiden in the Eifel, of the… -
Soderini, Francesco
SODERINI, FRANCESCO. - Cardinal, b. in Florence in 1453, d. in Rome on 17 May 1524. He was a familiar of Sixtus IV when, at the age of 24,… -
Soglia Ceroni, Giovanni
SOGLIA CERONI, GIOVANNI. - Cardinal, b. at Casola Valsenio on 11 Oct. 1779, d. at Osimo on 12 Aug. 1856. While still young, he was… -
Sohm, Rudolf
SOHM, RUDOLF. - Protestant jurist, b. 29 Oct. 1841 in Rostock, d. 16 May 1917 in Leipzig. As an extraordinary professor at the University… -
Sojo de Anguera, Carmen de
SOJO de ANGUERA, CARMEN de. - Of the secular Third Order of Carmel, b. at Reus (province of Tarragona) on 15 Oct. 1856, d. at Barcelona on… -
Solari, Benedetto
SOLARI, BENEDETTO. - Dominican bishop, b. at Chiavari on 9 March 1742, d. at Genoa on 13 April 1814. He entered the Dominican Order at a… -
Solaro della Margarita, Clemente
SOLARO DELLA MARGARITA, CLEMENTE. - Piedmontese politician and diplomat, b. 21 Nov. 1792 at Cuneo, d. 12 Nov. 1869 at Turin. From Oct. 1803… -
Sombart, Werner
SOMBART, WERNER. - Protestant sociologist, b. at Ermsleben (Harz) on 19 Jan. 1863, d. at Berlin on 18 May 1941. He studied at the… -
Sonis, Louis-Gaston de
SONIS, LOUIS-GASTON de. - General, b. at Pointe-à-Pitre (island of Guadeloupe in the French Antilles) on 25 Aug. 1825, d. at Paris on 15… -
Sonnino, Sidney
SONNINO, SIDNEY. - Statesman, b. at Pisa on 11 March 1874, d. at Rome on 24 Nov. 1922. After a seven-year period (1867-73) spent in the… -
Sordini, Caterina
SORDINI, CATERINA. - In religion Maria Maddalena dell'Incarnazione, foundress of the Perpetual Adorers of the Most Blessed Sacrament, b. at… -
Soto, Pedro de
SOTO, PEDRO de. - Dominican theologian, b. at Alcalá ca. 1495, d. at Trent on 20 April 1563. A religious at Salamanca (30 March 1518). A… -
Soulas, André
SOULAS, ANDRÉ. - Priest, founder of the Sisters of Our Lord for the care of the sick, b. at Viols-le-Fort (diocese of Montpellier) on 25… -
Sousa, Luis de (Manuel de Sousa Coutinho)
SOUSA, Luis de (Manuel de Sousa Coutinho). - Portuguese historian, b. at Santarém, lived from 1555 to 1632. His work, which deals with… -
Southwell (Bacon), Nathaniel (SOUTHWELL (BACON), NATHANAEL)
SOUTHWELL (BACON), NATHANIEL. - Jesuit writer and bibliographer, b. in Norfolk in 1598, d. in Rome on 2 Dec. 1676. From 1617 to 1622 he was… -
Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SOVRANO MILITARE ORDINE DI MALTA)
SOVEREIGN MILITARY ORDER OF MALTA. - It is the oldest, most illustrious, most meritorious of the chivalric orders (v.) and traces its… -
Spada, Giuseppe
SPADA, GIUSEPPE. - Historian, b. in Rome on 21 July 1793, d. there on 3 Nov. 1867. In 1811 he entered the bank of the Torlonia, of which he… -
Spahn, Peter
SPAHN, PETER. - German politician, b. 22 May 1846 at Winkel in the Rheingau, d. 31 Aug. 1925 at Bad Wildungen. He entered the judiciary in… -
Sparagana, Ludovico
SPARAGANA, LUDOVICO. - Pontifical officer, b. at Monte S. Giovanni (Frosinone) on 30 March 1813, d. in Rome on 21 Aug. 1885. A volunteer in… -
Spaur, Carlo Von
SPAUR, CARLO VON. - Bavarian diplomat, b. Jan. 4, 1794, d. Oct. 26, 1854 in Florence. Count of Winckel and Laudeck, he began his diplomatic… -
Speciano, Cesare
SPECIANO, CESARE. - Bishop and nuncio, b. at Cremona in 1539, d. there on 20 Aug. 1607. First canon of the Milanese Metropolitan chapter… -
Spezi, Pio
SPEZI, PIO. - A Romanist and in particular a scholar of the history and study of the churches of Rome, b. in Rome on 1 Oct. 1861, d. there… -
Spiegel, Ferdinand August
SPIEGEL, FERDINAND AUGUST. - Bishop, b. 25 Dec. 1764 in Canstein Castle (Westphalia), d. 2 Aug. 1835 in Cologne. A cadet of a baronial… -
Spielberg
SPIELBERG. - Castle of the city of Brno (Brünn, Brno) in Moravia (Czechoslovakia), famous in the history of the Risorgimento for having… -
Spiera, Francesco
SPIERA, FRANCESCO. - Italian Protestant who returned to Catholicism, b. at Cittadella in 1502, d. there in 1548. A lawyer in his city,… -
Spillmann, Joseph
SPILLMANN, JOSEPH. - Jesuit, historian and popular narrator, b. at Zug (Switzerland) on 22 April 1842, d. at Luxembourg on 23 Feb. 1905.… -
Spina, Alfonso López de (SPINA, ALFONSO LOPEZ DE)
SPINA, Alfonso López de. - Friar Minor, formerly a Jew, learned theologian, distinguished for piety and doctrine, effective preacher,… -
Spina, Bartolomeo
SPINA, BARTOLOMEO. - Dominican theologian, b. in Pisa in 1475, d. in Rome in 1546. A lecturer in philosophy and theology, he taught for… -
Spinelli, Niccolò
SPINELLI, NICCOLÒ. - Jurist, b. perhaps at Giovinazzo between 1320 and 1325, d. at Pavia (?) after 1396. He first taught at the University… -
Spinola, Family (SPINOLA, FAMIGLIA)
SPINOLA, FAMILY. - One of the four major houses of Genoa. In the city it held power in the name of the Obertenghi marquises, whom it… -
Spinola y Maestre, Marcél (SPINOLA Y MAESTRE, MARCEL)
SPINOLA Y MAESTRE, MARCÉL. - Cardinal, archbishop of Seville, b. at S. Fernando (diocese of Cadiz) on 14 Jan. 1835, d. at Seville on 22… -
Spirituals (SPIRITUALI)
SPIRITUALS. - Extremist current that arose within the Franciscan Order, organized and active from c. 1274 until 1318. I. ORIGIN AND… -
Spotorno, Giovanni Battista
SPOTORNO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Barnabite, b. in Albisola superiore on 27 Oct. 1788, d. in Genoa in 1844. A Barnabite in 1806, he taught… -
Srbik, Heinrich von
SRBIK, HEINRICH von. - Austrian historian, b. 10 Nov. 1878 in Vienna, d. 16 Feb. 1951 at Ehrwald (Tyrol). A pupil of the Austrian… -
Stadion, Christoph
STADION, CHRISTOPH. - Bishop, b. in March 1478 to a noble Swedish family at Schelklingen, d. at Nuremberg on 15 April 1543. He studied at… -
Stahl, Friederich Julius
STAHL, FRIEDERICH JULIUS. - Jurist and politician, a Jew converted to Lutheranism, b. in Munich on 16 Jan. 1802, d. at Bad-Brückenau on 10… -
Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovič (Džugašvili) (STALIN, IOSIF VISSARIONOVIĆ (DŽUGAŠVILI))
STALIN, Iosif Vissarionovič (Džugašvili). - Russian statesman, b. at Gori, a small village in the Caucasus, to a Georgian shoemaker, on 21… -
Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski, King of Poland (STANISLAO II AUGUSTO PONIATOWSKI, RE DI POLONIA)
STANISLAUS II AUGUSTUS PONIATOWSKI, King of Poland. - B. Jan. 17, 1732 at Wolczyn, d. Feb. 12, 1798 at St. Petersburg. He traveled… -
Stanisław I Leszczyński, King of Poland (STANISLAO I LESZCZYNSKI, RE DI POLONIA)
STANISŁAW I LESZCZYŃSKI, King of Poland. - B. 20 Oct. 1677 at Lwów, d. 23 Feb. 1766 at Lunéville. With the direct support of Charles XII of… -
Staphylus (Stapellage), Friedrich
STAPHYLUS (STAPELLAGE), FRIEDRICH. - Lutheran theologian, later converted to Catholicism, b. 27 Aug. 1512 at Osnabrück, d. 5 March 1564 at… -
Stapleton, Thomas
STAPLETON, THOMAS. - Catholic controversialist, b. at Hensfield (Sussex) in July 1535, d. at Louvain on 12 Oct. 1598. A bachelor at Oxford… -
Starace, Costanza
STARACE, COSTANZA. - In religion Sister Maria Maddalena della Passione, foundress of the Suore Compassioniste serve di Maria, b. at… -
Starčević, Ante
STARČEVIĆ, ANTE. - Croatian politician, b. 23 May 1823 at Žitnik (Lika), d. at Zagreb on 28 February 1896. From 1845 to 1848 he studied… -
Stefanardo da Vimercate
STEFANARDO da VIMERCATE. - Dominican theologian and historian, b. at Vimercate (Milan), d. at Milan in 1297. Several times prior at Verona… -
Stefaneschi, Giacomo
STEFANESCHI, GIACOMO. - Cardinal, b. in Rome ca. 1270 to Pietro S. and Perna Orsini, d. June 23, 1343. Boniface VIII made him cardinal… -
Steiner, Rudolf
STEINER, RUDOLF. - Philosopher, b. at Kraljevic (Croatia) on 27 Feb. 1861, d. at Dornach (Switzerland) on 30 March 1925, founder of… -
Stein, Joannes Wilhelmus Jacobus Antonius (STEIN, JOANNES WILHEMUS JACOBUS ANTONIUS)
STEIN, JOANNES WILHELMUS JACOBUS ANTONIUS. - Jesuit, astronomer, b. at Grave (Holland) on 27 Feb. 1871, d. at Rome on 27 Dec. 1951. Having… -
Stellini, Jacopo
STELLINI, JACOPO. - Philosopher and educationist, b. 27 April 1699 at Cividale del Friuli, d. 17 March 1770 at Padua. In 1718 he entered… -
Stephen (Mercuelio-Zabalza) da Adoain (STEFANO (MERCUELLO-ZABALZA) DA ADOAIN)
STEPHEN (Mercuelio-Zabalza) da Adoain. - Born at Adoain (Navarre) on 11 Oct. 1808, died at Sanlucar de Barrameda on 7 Oct. 1880. Having… -
Stephen of Tournay (STEFANO DI TOURNAL)
STEPHEN OF TOURNAY. - Bishop and jurist, b. at Orléans in 1128, d. at Tournal in 1203. After his early studies in his native city, he went… -
Sterbini, Pietro
STERBINI, PIETRO. - Politician, b. at Sgurgola on 25 Jan. 1793, d. at Naples on 30 Sept. 1863. A physician and man of letters, an active… -
Sterckx, Engelbert
STERCKX, ENGELBERT. - Cardinal, archbishop of Malines, b. 2 Nov. 1792 at Ophem, d. 4 Dec. 1867 at Malines. Ordained priest in 1815, he… -
Steuco, Agostino
STEUCO, AGOSTINO. - Prelate and scholar, b. at Gubbio (hence the appellation Eugubinus) perhaps in 1497, d. at Venice in March 1548. He was… -
Stevenson, Joseph
STEVENSON, JOSEPH. - Jesuit, historian and archivist, b. at Berwick-on-Tweed (Scotland) on 27 Nov. 1806, d. in London on 18 Feb. 1895. An… -
Stilicho, Flavius (STILICONE, FLAVIO)
STILICHO, FLAVIUS. - Son of a Vandal who had served with great honor under the emperor Valens, he had entered the military and had not… -
Stocchiero, Giuseppe
STOCCHIERO, GIUSEPPE. - Canonist, b. at Arzignano (Vicenza) on 24 Sept. 1882, d. at Vicenza on 4 Dec. 1946. After completing his studies at… -
Stoecker, Adolf
STOECKER, ADOLF. - German politician and sociologist, Protestant, b. 11 Nov. 1835 at Halberstadt, d. 8 Feb. 1909 at Gries near Bolzano.… -
Stolz, Anselm
STOLZ, ANSELM. - Benedictine theologian, b. 28 Jan. 1900 at Erkrath (near Düsseldorf), d. in Rome on 19 Oct. 1942. A professor of the abbey… -
Stoppani, Antonio
STOPPANI, ANTONIO. - Priest and scientist, b. at Lecco on 15 Aug. 1824, d. at Milan on 1 Jan. 1891. A seminarian at the age of eleven,… -
Stoss, Andreas
STOSS, ANDREAS. - Carmelite theologian, b. in Nuremberg ca. 1477, d. in Bamberg on 10 Oct. 1540. Son of the famous carver Veit Stoss, he… -
Streitl, Maria Franziska (STREITEL, MARIA FRANZISKA)
STREITL, MARIA FRANZISKA. - Foundress of the Sisters of Our Lady of Sorrows, b. at Mellrichstadt (diocese of Würzburg) on 24 Nov. 1844, d.… -
Strozzi Acquaviva, Isabella, Duchess of Atri (STROZZI ACQUAVIVA, ISABELLA, DUCHESSA D'ATRI)
STROZZI ACQUAVIVA, Isabella, Duchess of Atri. - Collaborator of St. Leonard of Port Maurice, b. Aug. 4, 1703; in 1727 she married Filippo… -
Strozzi Family (STROZZI, FAMIGLIA)
STROZZI FAMILY. - Its known progenitor is a STROZZA of Ubaldino who lived in the second half of the 13th century. From his sons, PINO,… -
Stuart Family (STUART, FAMIGLIA)
STUART FAMILY. - An ancient Scottish family, descended from a branch of the Anglo-Norman family Fitz-Alan. In the time of King David I of… -
Studi E Testi
STUDI E TESTI. - A series of texts "published under the care of the writers of the Vatican Library" (in 1929 there was added "and of the… -
Sture, Sten, the Elder (STURE, STEN, IL VECCHIO)
STURE, Sten, the Elder. - Swedish politician, b. around 1442, d. 14 Dec. 1503 at Jönköping. Related, through his mother, to King Karl… -
Sture, Sten, the Younger (STURE, STEN, IL GIOVANE)
STURE, Sten, the Younger. - Swedish politician, b. ca. 1493, d. 3 February 1520. Son of Svante Nilsson, who after Sten Sture the Elder had… -
Stutz, Ulrich
STUTZ, ULRICH. - Jurist, b. in Zurich on 5 May 1868, d. in Berlin on 6 July 1938. He received his doctorate in law in 1892 at the… -
Suetonius (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus) (SVETONIO (GAIUS SUETONIUS TRANQUILLUS))
SUETONIUS (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus). - Historian, b. around 75 A.D.; his birthplace is unknown. Under Trajan he was secretary of the… -
Suger (SUGERO)
SUGER. - Abbot of the abbey of St-Denis in Paris, b. at St-Denis or at Argenteuil in 1081, d. at St-Denis on 13 Jan. 1151. He entered the… -
Sulāqā, Giovanni
SULĀQĀ, GIOVANNI. - First Chaldean patriarch of Mosul, martyr of the union with Rome. Born in Mosul around 1510 and died there at the… -
Sundar Singh
SUNDAR SINGH. - Hindu mystic, called Sadhu = "pious", b. at Rampur, on the border of Nepal, on Sept. 3, 1889, d. in 1932. From the… -
Sun Yat-sen
SUN YAT-SEN. - Cantonese form of the name of Süenisien (Sun I-hsien), Chinese politician and revolutionary. Born on 12 Nov. 1866 to a… -
Superantius (Soranzo), Nicolaus
SUPERANTIUS (SORANZO), NICOLAUS. - Jurist, b. in Venice in 1474, d. there on 20 Nov. 1546. An Augustinian religious, he was prior of the… -
Svetlov, Pavel Jakovlevič
SVETLOV, PAVEL JAKOVLEVIČ. - Archpriest, one of the most important recent Russian theologians, b. in 1861. After the Russian Revolution of… -
Swabians (SVEVI)
SWABIANS. - The name of Suebi is attributed by classical writers to more than one Germanic stock, and at other times alternates with other… -
Swetchine, Anne-Sophie (SWJETSCHIN, ANNE-SOPHIE)
SWETCHINE, ANNE-SOPHIE. - Russian convert, born in Moscow on 22 Nov. 1782, died in Paris on 9 Sept. 1857. Of the noble Sojmonoff family,… -
Sybel, Heinrich von
SYBEL, HEINRICH von. - German historian, b. 2 Dec. 1817 in Düsseldorf, d. 1 Aug. 1895 in Marburg. He was professor in Bonn in 1844, in… -
Symmachus (Q. Aurelius Symmachus) (SIMMACO (Q. AURELIUS SYMMACUS))
SYMMACHUS (Q. Aurelius Symmachus). - Orator and politician, b. in Rome in 345, d. in 405, he was one of the most prominent figures of dying… -
Tabaraud, Mathieu-Mathurin
TABARAUD, MATHIEU-MATHURIN. - Oratorian, b. at Limoges on 17 April 1744, d. there on 9 January 1832. He studied with the Jesuits and the… -
Tacitus, Cornelius (Cornelius Tacitus) (TACITO, CORNELIO (CORNELIUS TACITUS))
TACITUS, Cornelius (Cornelius Tacitus). - Historian, b. around 55 A.D. (at Terni?); praetor under Domitian, consul in 97, d. in 120 (cf.… -
Tacitus, Marcus Claudius (M. Claudius Tacitus, Roman Emperor; epithets "Ex Victoria" [Gothicus, Maximus] etc.) (TACITO, MARCO CLAUDIO (M. CLAUDIUS TACITUS, IMPERATOR AUGUSTUS; APPELLATIVI « EX VICTORIA » [GOTHICUS, MAXIMUS] ECC.), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
TACITUS, MARCUS CLAUDIUS (M. Claudius Tacitus, Imperator Augustus; appellations "ex victoria" [Gothicus, Maximus] etc.), ROMAN EMPEROR. -… -
Tadini, Placido
TADINI, PLACIDO. - Cardinal, b. at Moncalvo, diocese of Casale, on 11 Oct. 1759, d. at Genoa on 22 Nov. 1847. He entered the Carmelites of… -
Tageno
TAGENO. - He was chaplain and notary of Diepold, bishop of Passau, in 1184; he died at Tripoli before 3 November 1190. His master took him… -
Tagino
TAGINO. - Henry II, whose chaplain he was, imposed him as archbishop on the cathedral chapter of Magdeburg. Consecrated on 2 February 1004,… -
Taiping Rebellion (T'AI P'ING, RIVOLTA DEI)
TAIPING REBELLION. - Anti-Manchu revolutionary movement that arose and unfolded under the two emperors Xianfeng (1850-61) and Tongzhi… -
Talamini, Natale
TALAMINI, NATALE. - Priest, b. at Pescul (Belluno) on 25 Dec. 1808, d. there on 6 Apr. 1876. He embraced the ecclesiastical state at a very… -
Talbot, Matthew
TALBOT, MATTHEW. - Laborer, b. in Dublin on 2 May 1856, d. there on 7 June 1925. Raised in very straitened family circumstances and from… -
Talleyrand, Alexandre-Angélique, Duke of (TALLEYRAND, ALEXANDRE-ANGÉLIQUE, DUCA DI)
TALLEYRAND, Alexandre-Angélique, Duke of. - Cardinal, b. in Paris on 16 Oct. 1736, d. there on 20 June 1821. Uncle of the Minister of… -
Talleyrand Périgord, Charles-Maurice, Prince of (TALLEYRAND PÉRIGORD, CHARLES-MAURICE, PRINCIPE DI)
TALLEYRAND PÉRIGORD, Charles-Maurice, Prince of. - Bishop of Autun, diplomat and statesman, b. 2 February 1754 in Paris, d. there 17 May… -
Tamassia, Nino
TAMASSIA, NINO. - Historian of Italian law, b. at Revere di Mantova on 1 Dec. 1860, d. at Padua on 11 Dec. 1931. After graduating at Pavia… -
Tamburini, Michelangelo
TAMBURINI, MICHELANGELO. - Fourteenth general of the Society of Jesus, b. at Modena on 27 Sept. 1648, d. at Rome on 28 Febr. 1730. He… -
Tancredi di Lecce
TANCREDI di LECCE. - Norman prince, natural son of Roger of Apulia and of Emma of the counts of Lecce, himself invested from 1149 with the… -
Tancred of Hauteville (TANCREDI D'ALTAVILLA)
TANCRED OF HAUTEVILLE. - Prince of Antioch, b. ca. 1072, d. at Antioch on 12 Dec. 1112. He followed his uncle Bohemond in the First Crusade… -
Tancred (Tancredus) (TANCREDI (TANCREDUS))
TANCREDI (Tancredus). - Canonist, b. in Bologna around 1185, d. there between 1234 and 1236. Canon and then archdeacon of Bologna (1226),… -
Tanguay, Cyprien
TANGUAY, CYPRIEN. - Canadian priest and historian, b. at Québec in 1819, d. there in 1902. He studied at the Seminary of Québec; ordained a… -
Tanquerey, Adolphe-Alfred
TANQUEREY, ADOLPHE-ALFRED. - Sulpician theologian, b. at Blainville (Normandy) on 1 May 1854, d. at Aix-en-Provence on 21 Feb. 1932.… -
Tanucci, Bernardo
TANUCCI, BERNARDO. - Statesman, b. at Stia (Arezzo) on 20 Feb. 1698, d. near Naples on 29 Apr. 1783. Professor of law at Pisa, he followed… -
Tarancon, Emanuele Gioacchino
TARANCON, EMANUELE GIOACCHINO. - Cardinal, b. at Covarrubias, diocese of Sigüenza, on 20 March 1782, d. at Seville on 25 Aug. 1862. After… -
Tarditi, Ildefonso
TARDITI, ILDEFONSO. - Piarist, b. at Mondovì on 14 Dec. 1704, d. at Rome on 30 Dec. 1790. Devoted for many years to teaching, he had… -
Tareev, Mikhail Mikhailovich (TARĚEV, MICHAIL MICHAILOVIČ)
TAREEV, MIKHAIL MIKHAILOVICH. - Russian theologian and philosopher (1867-1934). A doctor of theology and professor of moral theology at the… -
Tarin, Francisco de Paula
TARIN, FRANCISCO DE PAULA. - Jesuit missionary, b. 12 Oct. 1849 at Godelleta (Valencia), d. at Seville on 12 Dec. 1910. Having entered the…