C
2,386 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Cappadocia
A Roman province situated on the plateau of Anatolia, with the free city of Caesarea (today Kayseri) as its capital. Its boundaries were Galatia, Pontus… -
Cappadocians, Fathers (CAPPADOCI, PADRI)
Cappadocia gave to the Church of the 4th century some of its most eminent figures, bound to one another by their common homeland, by ties of kinship and… -
Cappellazzi, Andrea
Neo-Thomist philosopher and theologian, b. May 2, 1854 at Monte Cremano, d. at Crema on Oct. 3, 1933. A pious and zealous priest, in his early years he was… -
Cappelletti, Giuseppe
Priest and historian, b. in 1803 in Venice, d. there on 2 February 1876. He first devoted himself to the history of Armenia, translating historical works… -
Cappelli, Giacomo da Milano
CAPPELLI, GIACOMO da MILANO: v. GIACOMO da MILANO. -
Capponi, Gino
Writer and politician, b. in Florence on 13 Sept. 1792, d. there on 3 Febr. 1876. Educated in the provincial milieu of Grand Ducal Tuscany, he broadened his… -
Capponi, Luigi
Sculptor of the Lombard school, he flourished in the second half of the 15th century. In his works, almost all of them in Rome, he drew inspiration from… -
Capponi, Raffaellino (CAPPONI, RAFFAELINO)
CAPPONI, RAFFAELINO: V. RAFFAELLINO DEL GARBO. -
Capponi, Serafino
Dominican theologian, b. at Porretta in 1536. He entered the Dominican Order at Bologna on 25 Oct. 1552 and took the name Annibale. He taught philosophy in the… -
Capra, Marcello
Musician b. in Turin in 1862, d. there in 1933. A pupil of Haberl and Renner in Regensburg, in 1897 he founded a publishing house in Turin (later merged with… -
Capranica
Two cardinals of this name. DOMENICO, b. at Capranica (Rome) on 31 May 1400, d. at Rome on 14 Aug. 1458. At the age of fifteen he attended the University of… -
Capranica, College of (CAPRANICA, COLLEGIO)
CAPRANICA, COLLEGIO: v. COLLEGI ECCLESIASTICI. -
Caprara, Giovanni Battista
Cardinal, b. in Bologna of a noble family on 29 May 1733; d. in Paris on 21 June 1810. He completed his studies in his native city, where he was also ordained… -
Caprasio, Saint (CAPRASIO, SANTO)
Hermit of Lérins, teacher and spiritual father of St. Honoratus, founder of the famous monastery of the same name. Late sources make him abbot of Lérins after… -
Capreolus, John (CAPREOLO, GIOVANNI)
Dominican theologian, called the "Princeps Thomistarum." Born in the diocese of Rodez (southern France) in 1380, died there on 7 April 1444; he entered the… -
Capreolus of Carthage, Saint (CAPREOLO CARTAGINESE, SANTO)
From 430 until the year of his death, July 437, he was archbishop of Carthage. Three letters of his are remembered, arranged here in chronological order: 1st… -
Capri
Island in the Gulf of Naples, with an area of 10.36 sq km, called Capreae by Virgil (Aen., VII, 735), Ovid (Met., XV, 709), Pliny (Nat. hist., III, 6, 822).… -
Capriani, Francesco
Architect and sculptor, b. at Volterra before 1540 and d. at Rome around 1601. He worked in Rome; the facade of the church of S. Chiara (lost) and that of S.… -
Capriolo, Domenico
Painter, b. in Venice in 1494, d. in Treviso on 3 Oct. 1528. A pupil of P. M. Pennacchi, he was later drawn into the orbit of Pordenone and of D. Mancini, with… -
Capro Emissary (CAPRO EMISSARIO)
One of the principal rites prescribed by Moses for the great day of atonement (v.; cf. also Lev. 16:5-26 and the treatise of the Mishnah Yoma). In the morning… -
Capsa
From the Greek χάψα, properly a box for books; it could also be called a scrinium; for the most part circular, of wood, if very small a capsella, if of bronze… -
Capua, Archdiocese of (CAPUA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
In Campania, a short distance from the point where the Via Latina joins the Appian Way, C. must have received the Christian message quite early. The church of… -
Capuana, Luigi
Writer, b. at Mineo on 28 May 1839, d. at Catania on 29 Nov. 1915. He studied at Mineo at the Jesuit schools, then from 1850 he spent three years at the… -
Capucciatis (CAPPUCCIATI)
Members of an association of laymen, of a religious-social character, founded on the initiative of a carpenter, Duranto Chaduiz, in Auvergne ca. 1182, around… -
Capuchin Hood (CAPPUCCIO)
It is the upper part of the garment with which the ancients covered their heads and which was called cucullus. It is used by monks, by religious and by the… -
Capuchin Nuns (CAPPUCCINE)
Nuns of strict enclosure of the Second Franciscan Order, or of St. Clare. The noblewoman the Ven. Maria Lorenza Longo (d. 1542) established in Naples a… -
Capuchins (CAPPUCCINI)
CAPPUCCINI: v. FRATI MINORI CAPPUCCINI. -
Capuchin, The (CAPPUCCINO, IL)
CAPPUCCINO, IL: v. STROZZI BERNARDO. -
Capulio, Pietro
Conventual theologian, b. at Cortona in the second half of the 16th century, d. at Conversano on 24 June 1625. He was regent of Studies in the "Magna Domus… -
Caput Ieiunii
Since the 7th century Ash Wednesday has been known as feria IV in capite ieiunii, because, according to Roman usage, the Lenten fast begins with this day… -
Caquetá, Apostolic Vicariate of (CAQUETÀ, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
In Colombia. The territory of C. was first evangelized, with the Spanish conquest, by the Franciscans, who came from Quito and from Papayán and remained there… -
Cara
French Jewish family (qārā = the reader), of which three rabbis are to be remembered: MENĀHEM BEN HELBŌ (11th century), the earliest in time of the exegetes of… -
Carabellese, Pantaleo
Philosopher, b. at Molfetta (Bari) on 6 July 1877, d. at Genoa on 19 Sept. 1948. First a professor at the University of Palermo and then, from 1931, of the… -
Carabelli
Family of sculptors and stucco workers from Ticino, natives of Obino near Mendrisio. Very active between the 17th and 19th centuries, also abroad, especially… -
Carabentes, José de
CARABENTES, JOSÉ de: V. GIUSEPPE DA CARABENTES. -
Caracalla, Roman Emperor (CARACALLA, IMPERATORE ROMANO)
Son of Septimius Severus and Julia Domna, born at Lyon in 188; commonly known by the nickname C. (the Gallic cloak he preferred). He was named Caesar in 196… -
Caracas (Santiago de Venezuela), Archdiocese of (CARACAS (SANTIAGO DE VENEZUELA), ARCIDIOCESI DI)
Capital of Venezuela; city founded in 1567 by Diego Losada; it was erected as a diocese on June 20, 1637, and became an archiepiscopal see on Nov. 27, 1803. At… -
Caracciolini
CARACCIOLINI: v. CHIERICI REGOLARI MINORI. -
Caracciolo, Antonio
Theatine historian, brother of St. Francis Caracciolo, of the princes of the Villa (of St. Mary) in the Abruzzo, died at almost eighty years of age in the… -
Caracciolo, Diego Irigo
Cardinal, b. July 18, 1759 at Martina, d. Jan. 24, 1820 at Naples. Master of the chamber to Pius VI, he followed him in 1798 on the road of exile, when he was… -
Caracciolo, Francesco, Saint (CARACCIOLO, FRANCESCO, SANTO)
CARACCIOLO, FRANCESCO, santo: v. FRANCESCO CARACCIOLO, saint. -
Caracciolo, Galeazzo
Italian Protestant, b. in Naples in 1517, d. in Geneva on 7 May 1586. Among the Italian heretics of the sixteenth century he was, by birth, the most prominent… -
Caracciolo, Giambattista
Scholar, mathematician and historian, a Theatine, of the dukes of S. Vito, b. in Naples on 29 Dec. 1695, d. at Aversa in 1765. He professed on 1 Jan. 1712 in… -
Caracciolo, Landolfo
Franciscan theologian, b. in Naples toward the end of the 13th century, d. at Amalfi in 1351. For several years he held the office of justiciar and perhaps… -
Caracciolo, Marino, Cardinal (CARACCIOLO, MARINO, CARDINALE)
B. in Naples in 1468, he spent his early years in Milan at the court of Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, whom he followed to Germany in 1499 and to France, where he… -
Caracciolo, Roberto
Franciscan preacher (more commonly Fra' Roberto da Lecce), b. at Lecce in 1425, d. there on 6 May 1495. Of the noble Caraccioli del Leone, in deference to his… -
Caradosso
Cristoforo Foppa, called il C., was a goldsmith, medallist and sculptor. Born at Mondonico in Brianza c. 1452, died in 1527 probably in Rome, where he carried… -
Carafa, Carlo, Venerable (CARAFA, CARLO, VENERABILE)
Founder of the Congregation of the Pii Operai (v.), born in Naples in 1561 to the dukes of Andria; he died there on 8 September 1633. At the age of 16 he… -
Carafa, Family (CARAFA, FAMIGLIA)
The Carafa family of Naples is a branch of the Caracciolo, and its progenitor was GREGORIO Caracciolo, who lived in the first half of the 12th century and was… -
Carafa, Maria
Sister of Gian Pietro, later Pope Paul IV, b. perhaps in Naples, in 1468, firstborn of Antonio C., baron of S. Angelo della Scala, and of Vittoria Camponeschi… -
Carafa, Maria Maddalena
Duchess of Andria, b. at S. Arcangelo in 1566 to Prince Lodovico, count of Stimigliano, d. at Naples on 29 Dec. 1615. At the age of 14 she married Fabrizio C.… -
Carafa, Rosa dei Duchi di Traetto, Venerable (CARAFA, ROSA DEI DUCHI DI TRAETTO, VENERABILE)
Handmaid of the Sacred Heart, b. in Naples on 6 April 1832, d. there on 2 May 1890. She lived in retirement within her family, until, after her father's death… -
Carafa, Vincenzo
Seventh general of the Society of Jesus, b. at Andria to M. Maddalena Carafa (v. above) on 9 May 1585, d. at Rome on 8 June 1649. Having entered the Order in… -
Caramuel Lobkowitz, Juan de
Spanish theologian and scholar, b. in Madrid on 23 May 1606, d. in Vigevano on 8 Sept. 1682. His first teacher was his father, Count Lorenzo, a cultivator of… -
Caratinga, Diocese of (CARATINGA, DIOCESI DI)
In the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, it extends across the so-called zona da mata, the eastern part of the state, very rich in mountains and forests and… -
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi (Amerighi), known as (CARAVAGGIO, MICHELANGELO MERISI (AMERIGHI), DETTO IL)
Painter, son of the mason Fermo Merisi, b. at Caravaggio near Bergamo, probably on 28 Sept. 1573, d. at Porto Ercole on 18 July 1610. He is the founder of the… -
Caravaggio, Sanctuary of the Madonna of (CARAVAGGIO, SANTUARIO DELLA MADONNA DI..)
From Caravaggio's activity, three periods can be established (very approximately, and without any claim to rigor): the youthful one, which runs from his first… -
Caravaggio, Sanctuary of the Madonna of (CARAVAGGIO, SANTUARIO DELLA MADONNA DI)
The greatest Marian sanctuary in Lombardy, about 2 km. from C. (province of Bergamo), to which it is joined by a grand avenue. It owes its origin to an… -
Carayon, Auguste
French Jesuit and historian, b. at Saumur on 31 March 1813, d. at Poitiers on 15 May 1874. Having entered the Society in 1841 when already a priest, he held… -
Carazzi, Davide
Zoologist, embryologist, b. at Sambonifacio (Verona) on 27 Jan. 1858, d. 18 Jan. 1923 in Florence. Of interest is his stance of criticism of evolution… -
Carbon (CARBONIO)
Chemical element with atomic number 6 and atomic weight 12, one of the most important in nature as an essential component of living organisms, although it… -
Carbone, Giovanni Bernardo
Painter, b. in Genoa in 1614. As a young man he frequented the workshop of G. A. de Ferrari. Later, probably around 1650, he went to Venice. He then returned… -
Carbonelli (Carbonell), Poncio
Franciscan, b. around 1260, d. in 1350 at Barcelona. In 1278 he entered the Franciscan Order, and was later guardian of the convent of St. Francis at… -
Carboneria
CARBONERIA.- A secret political and pseudo-religious society which, having appeared at the beginning of the 19th century, had a vast expansion and a notable… -
Carbonnelle, Ignace
Jesuit, b. at Tournai on 1 February 1829 and d. at Brussels on 4 March 1889. He was a devotee of the mathematical and physical sciences, to which he devoted… -
Carcano, Giulio
Writer, b. in Milan on 7 Aug. 1812, d. on 29 Aug. at Lesa in 1884. Having graduated at Pavia, he took part in the political life of '48 as envoy to Paris of… -
Carcano, Michele
Born in Milan in 1427, died in Lodi on 20 March 1484. While still a boy, he was an assiduous listener together with his father Donato (ducal councillor) to St.… -
Carcassonne, Diocese of (CARCASSONA, DIOCESI DI)
In the department of the Aude, in France. It is mentioned by Pliny under the name Carcaso Volcarum Tectosagum, and later became the Colonia Iulia Carcaso; it… -
Carcereri, Stanislao
Of the Ministers of the Sick, missionary in Central Africa. Born at Cerro Veronese on 19 January 1840, died at Bovolone (Verona) on 5 March 1899. He entered… -
Cardahi (Qardāhi), Gabriele
Born in Fajtrūn (Lebanon) on 20 February 1845, died in Rome on 7 November 1931. He entered the Aleppine Maronite Order in 1861, and completed his higher… -
Cardano, Girolamo
Physician and philosopher, b. at Pavia on 24 Sept. 1501, d. at Rome on 21 Sept. 1576. A typical representative of the versatility and curiosity of the Italian… -
Cardaveraz, Agustín
Spanish Jesuit, b. at Hernani (Guipúzcoa) on 28 Dec. 1703, entered the novitiate of Loyola in 1724. After completing his studies and teaching grammar and… -
Cárdenas, Bernardín
Friar Minor, missionary bishop of Asunción in Paraguay; born at Chuquaca (today Sucre in Bolivia). He received the Franciscan habit at Lima. He subsequently… -
Cardiel, José
Missionary in Paraguay and geographer, b. at La Guardia (in Rioja, Spain) on 13 March 1704, d. at Faenza on 6 Dec. 1782. In 1720 he followed his brothers… -
Cardiff, Archdiocese of (CARDIFF, ARCIDIÓCESI DI)
In southeast Wales (England). In the Middle Ages the dioceses of Llandaff and Hereford occupied almost the same territory as the present archdiocese, which… -
Cardi, Ludovico
CARDI, LUDOVICO: v. CIGOLI. -
Cardim, Antonio Francisco
Portuguese missionary, b. at Viana do Alemtejo in 1595 or 1596, d. at Macao on 20 April 1659. Having entered the Society of Jesus at Evora on 24 February 1611… -
Cardim, Fernão
Portuguese missionary, b. at Viana de Alvito (Alemtejo) in 1550, entered the Society of Jesus at Evora on 8 February 1567. In 1582 he was chosen to accompany… -
Cardinal (CARDINALE)
Cardinals are the highest collaborators and counselors of the pope in the government of the universal Church. The body of cardinals is called the Sacred… -
Cardinal Protector (PROTETTORE CARDINALE)
He is the cardinal who, at the request of a religious society, is designated by the Roman Pontiff as helper, counselor and moral assistant of that same… -
Cardinal’s Plate (PIATTO CARDINALIZIO)
It is an annual allowance that the pope grants to cardinals, resident in Rome or employed elsewhere in the service of the Holy See, who lack sufficient income… -
Cardona, Caterina di
Mystic of noble Catalan lineage, related to the royal family of Aragon, natural daughter of don Ramón de Cardona, b. in Barcelona (not in Naples, as authors… -
Cardoso, Jorge
Portuguese priest and hagiographer, b. in Lisbon on 31 Dec. 1606, d. on 3 Oct. 1669. A disciple of Fr. Francisco de Macedo, he left us the Agiológio lusitano… -
Carducci, Giosuè
Poet, b. at Val di Castello (Pietrasanta) on 28 July 1835, d. at Bologna on 16 Feb. 1907. He spent his childhood in Versilia and his adolescence in the Tuscan… -
Carem
CAREM: v. 'AJN KÄRIM. -
Carey, William
Protestant missionary, b. at Paulerspury in England, in the county of Northampton, in 1761, d. at Serampore in India in 1834. Of an Anglican family, at the age… -
Cariani, Giovanni de' Busti (CARIANI, GIOVANNI, DE' BUST)
Born probably in Venice to a father from Bergamo, he studied in that city, where he was living in 1509, and where he is found again in 1547. In his paintings… -
Cariathaim (CARIATHAIM)
A city northeast of the Dead Sea, belonging to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:19; Num. 32:37). At the time of the prophet Jeremiah, during the period of the… -
Cariathiarim (CARIATHIARIM)
A city also called Qirjāth ba'al, a recent name for the ancient Ba'alāh (Josh. 15, 9), a border city between the tribe of Ephraim and that of Judah. For… -
Cariati, Diocese of (CARIATI, DIOCESI DI)
C. is a small city on the Ionian coast, between the point of Fiume Freddo and Cape Trionto in the province of Cosenza. As a diocese it was founded in 1438 by… -
Carillon
Perhaps from Low Latin quadrilio (group of four bells). A set of bells, generally small, tuned to a scale; used from as early as the 13th century in Flanders… -
Carimini, Luca
Architect, b. in Rome in 1830, d. on 14 Dec. 1890. He practiced in Rome a vast activity both in the field of religious buildings and in that of civil ones… -
Carini
City in Sicily, 27 km. from Palermo; it seems that it was the C. to which Gregory the Great alludes as an episcopal see (Jaffé-Wattembach, 1389, 1880, 1881).… -
Carini, Isidoro
Priest, paleographer and historian, b. in Palermo on 7 Jan. 1845, d. in Rome on 25 May 1895. Ordained in 1868, he set out with passion upon those paleographic… -
Cariocinesi
CARIOCINESI: v. RIPRODUZIONE CELLULARE. -
Cariofille, Giovanni Matteo
Greek-Catholic theologian b. at Chania (Crete) around 1565-1566 and d. at Rome in 1635. He rests in the church of the Greek College, where he had completed his… -
Carioni, Giovanni Battista
CARIONI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA: v. BATTISTA da CREMA. -
Carioth (CARIOTH)
1) A city in the tribe of Judah on the border of Edom, probably Hirbet el-Qarjatçin, 20 km south of Hebron. But the text (Josh. 15:25) is uncertain: the… -
Carissimi, Giacomo
Musician, b. at Marino on 18 April 1605, d. at Rome on 12 Jan. 1674. Despite the fame he enjoyed in his own time, notices and direct testimonies about his life… -
Caritate Christi Compulsi
Encyclical of Pius XI, of 3 May 1932, on the painful calamities that continued to press upon the human family (AAS, 24 [1932], pp. 177-94). Shortly before… -
Carletti, Angelo
CARLETTI, ANGELO: v. ANGELO da CHIVASSO. -
Carletti, Terenzio
Prelate and magistrate, b. at Pesaro on 24 Sept. 1807, d. at Rome on 19 Dec. 1896. He held the offices of ponente of the S. Congregazione del Buon Governo, of… -
Carli, Dionigi
CARLI, DIONIGI: v. DIONIGI da PIACENZA. -
Carli, Gian Rinaldo
Born at Capodistria on 11 April 1720, died at Milan on 22 February 1795, he is one of the most distinctive personalities of the Milanese cultural milieu that… -
Carlini, Alberico
Franciscan, painter, b. at Pescia in 1705, d. in 1775. A pupil in his native town of Ottaviano Dandini; in Rome he attended the studio of Sebastiano Conca.… -
Carloman (CARLOMANNO)
Mayor of the palace of Austrasia, son of Charles Martel, b. ca. 715. On the death of his father, who had been mayor of the palace for the entire Frankish… -
Carlone (Carloni)
A Lombard family of architects, sculptors, painters, and decorators, active from the 15th to the 19th century in northern Italy, between Milan and Genoa, in… -
Carlow
CARLOW: v. KILDARE. -
Carlstadt (Karlstadt, Karolstadt), Andreas (CARLOSTADIO (CARLSTADT, KARLSTAD, KAROLSTADT), ANDREA)
Famous German reformer, b. probably in 1481, and d. at Basel on 24 Dec. 1541. His real name was Andreas Rudolf Bodenstein; but he was called C. from the city… -
Carlyle, Thomas
Scottish writer, b. at Ecclefechan on 4 Dec. 1795 and d. in London on 4 Feb. 1881. After failed attempts to devote himself to an ecclesiastical career and… -
Carmati (CÀRMATI)
In a generic and improper sense, "C." is one of the various names (Ismailis, Bāṭinites, etc.) by which, both in the East and in Europe, a sectarian tendency of… -
Carmeia
The information available about the city and the diocese is scanty and uncertain. C. was a city of Apulia near the Gargano. Among the 24 episcopal sees of… -
Carmeli, Michelangelo
Franciscan philologist, b. Sept. 27, 1705 at Cittadella (Venice), d. at Padua on Dec. 15, 1766. On Oct. 25, 1723 he embraced the rule of the Order of Friars… -
Carmelites (CARMELITANE)
Female branch of the Carmelite Order. Around 1400 some Beguines of Guelders, Holland, came together for monastic life, and in 1452 they asked Bl. John Soreth… -
Carmelites (CARMELITANI)
Religious order that takes its name from Mount Carmel, in Palestine, where in the 12th century the existence of a group of ascetics is historically attested… -
Carmenta
C., or Carmentis, is an ancient Roman goddess: her two festivals, the Carmentalia, on January 11 and 15, appear in the oldest Roman calendar. She had a special… -
Carmina Burana
A collection of poems mostly in Latin (some in German, others mixed in the two languages) compiled in the 12th-13th centuries, rediscovered at Benediktbeuren… -
Carminati, Antonio
Sculptor, b. at Brembate di Sotto (Bergamo) on 2 June 1859, d. at Milan on 11 May 1908. Besides some good portraits he left numerous works characterized by a… -
Carna
C. is a Roman goddess who had a sanctuary on the Caelian Hill; her festival fell on June 1st, a day sacred to Juno and popularly called kalendae fabariae: in… -
Carneiro, Melchior
Born in Coimbra in 1515 or 1519, a Jesuit in 1543, died in Macao on 19 Aug. 1583. He was (1551) the first rector of the college of Evora, then for a few months… -
Carnelivari, Matteo
Architect, b. at Noto, he worked in Palermo at the end of the 15th century and in the early years of the 16th. He is the representative artist of the last… -
Carnesecchi, Pietro
Heretic, b. in Florence on 24 Dec. 1508, beheaded in Rome on 1 Oct. 1567. Son of a noble Florentine merchant, knowledgeable in Greek and Latin letters, he soon… -
Carnevali, Giovanni, called Il Piccio (CARNEVALI, GIOVANNI, DETTO IL PICCIO)
Painter, b. at Montegrino near Luino on 29 Sept. 1806, d. at Caltaro on the Po on 10 July 1873. One of his early works, Deposition from the Cross (1820), won… -
Carnipri(v)ium (Carnispricium, Privicarnum) (CARNIPRIVIUM (CARNISPRICIUM, PRIVICARNIUM))
This was the name given, in many places, to Quinquagesima Sunday, because on it, and more precisely on the following Monday, people began to abstain from the… -
Carnival (CARNEVALE)
A period of revelry and amusements before the beginning of Lent. The most common etymology derives the term carnival from: carnem levare "to remove the flesh,"… -
Carnuntum
City of Upper Pannonia (Austria) in the Danube valley, a very ancient road center of great commercial and strategic importance for communications with the… -
Caro, Annibale
Born at Civitanova in the Marche in 1507. He flourished at a moment particularly favorable to his genius as a refined assayer of words. An aristocrat, learned… -
Carocci, Orazio
Missionary and linguist, b. in Florence in 1579, d. at Tepozotlán on 14 July 1662. Having entered the Society of Jesus in Rome in 1601, he passed in 1605 to… -
Caro, Edmé-Marie (CARO, EDME-MARIE)
Philosopher, b. at Poitiers on 4 March 1826, d. at Paris on 13 July 1887. A brilliant mind and a forceful polemicist, he was one of the most listened-to… -
Caro, Joseph (CARO, JÓSEPH)
Rabbi, b. in Toledo in 1488. After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain his family settled in Adrianople. Here C. began his greatest work, the Bèth Jósèph, a… -
Carolina Script (CAROLINA, SCRITTURA)
Characteristic letters in the various types of pre-Caroline script. added in the upper crossbar of the t (v. table III). The most important centers were… -
Caroline and Marshall, Apostolic Vicariate of the Islands (CAROLINE E MARSHALL, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLE ISOLE)
The evangelization of the C. began in the 18th century, through the work of the Jesuits. Annexed in 1883 to the vicariate of Western Oceania, they were in 1884… -
Caroline Islands (CAROLINE)
Archipelago of numerous mostly coral islands, arranged in parallel series between the Philippines and the Marshalls over 30° of longitude (133-163 E.… -
Carolingian, Art (CAROLINGIA, ARTE)
It comprises the art of Western Europe under the rule of the Carolingians (751-911), especially the art of the court of Charlemagne (768-814) and of his… -
Carolingian Books (CAROLINI, LIBRI)
This is the name now given to a voluminous work, written by order of Charlemagne, against the cult of images, originally called Capitulare de imaginibus. The… -
Caroni, Apostolic Vicariate of (CARONI, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
The evangelization of the territory of C. (Venezuela) was begun in 1687 by a group of Capuchins from the island of Trinidad, where the Spanish colonial… -
Caronni, Felice
Barnabite, b. at Monza in 1747, d. at Milan on 15 April 1815. A professor of rhetoric at Arpino and Livorno, he cultivated eloquence; but above all the study… -
Caro, Rodrigo
Spanish priest, scholar and poet, b. at Utrera in 1573 and d. at Seville on 10 Aug. 1647. Particularly devoted to the study of history, archaeology and… -
Caroselli, Angelo
Painter, b. in Rome on 10 Feb. 1585, d. there on 8 Apr. 1652. Son of an antiquarian, he tempered Caravaggesque innovations with the traditional… -
Caroto
Two painters of this name. GIOVANNI FRANCESCO (Verona 1480?-1555?) was the best pupil of Liberale da Verona, and was influenced by Mantegna, by Raphael and… -
Carpaccio, Vittore
Venetian painter, b. around 1455, d. in 1525 or 1526. According to tradition, C. was a pupil of Gentile Bellini; later he was claimed as a disciple of Lazzaro… -
Carpani, Melchiorre
Barnabite missionary. Born at Lodi in 1726, and died there on 8 July 1797. He entered the Barnabites in 1744, and set out for the kingdoms of Ava and Pegu in… -
Carpegna
A comital family of ancient origin, which took its name from the like-named land of Montefeltro; it was illustrious in the time of Dante, who recalls a Guido… -
Carpenter, Alexander
English writer, author of a Destructorium vitiorum, begun in 1429, in which the life of the clergy is severely censured, as in so many writings of that time.… -
Carpentras, Diocese of (CARPENTRAS, DIOCESI DI)
Small town and ancient diocese in the department of Vaucluse, from the Celtic name Carpentoracte. Its first bishop of whom there is record is Constantius, who… -
Carpi, Diocese of (CARPI, DIOCESI DI)
An episcopal see in the province of Modena, Carpi was originally a possession of Countess Matilda, passed under the dominion of the Holy See (1115-1225) and… -
Carpi, Pio di
CARPI, Pio di: v. PIO di CARPI. -
Carpi, Ugo da
Painter and woodcutter, b. at Carpi (Modena) ca. 1480 and d. at Parma in 1532. As a painter he was judged mediocre already by Vasari and by Michelangelo (he… -
Carpocrates and Carpocratians (CARPOCRATE E CARPOCRAZIANI)
Egyptian Gnostic. He bears the name of the Egyptian god Harpocrates, in later times also written Karpokrates (cf. R. Harder, Karpokrates von Chalkiis, in… -
Carpus, Papylus and Agathonice, Saints (CARPO, PÀPILO E AGATONICE, SANTI)
Martyred at Pergamum (Asia Minor), probably during the persecution of Decius (250-51). The acts of their interrogation and death are authentic: C. was a bishop… -
Carpzov, Benedikt
Protestant jurist, b. in Wittenberg on 25 May 1595, d. in Leipzig on 30 Aug. 1666. He completed his studies in his homeland, in Leipzig and in Jena, and… -
Carpzov, Johann Gottlieb (CARPZOV, JOHANN GOTTLB)
Lutheran biblical scholar, b. in Dresden on 26 Sept. 1679 and d. in Lübeck on 4 Apr. 1767. Of the learned Saxon family of the C., which produced between 1600… -
Carraca
CARRACA: v. ANTONIO dello SPIRITO SANTO. -
Carracci
Family of Bolognese artists. Faced with the need to overcome Mannerism (v.) in its extreme and debased aspects of exasperated intellectualism and poverty of… -
Carranza, Bartolomeo
Learned theologian, b. at Miranda (Navarre) in 1503, d. at Rome on 2 May 1576. A Dominican from 1520, he taught in the studium of the Order at Valladolid… -
Carrara, Camillo
Born at Albino on 14 March 1871, died at Cheren on 15 June 1924. He became a religious among the Lombard Friars Minor Capuchin on 7 Sept. 1887, and was their… -
Carrara, Francesco
Italian criminalist, b. at Lucca on 18 Sept. 1805, d. there on 15 Jan. 1888. He graduated in law at the University of Pisa, after having followed the courses… -
Carrara, Ubertino
Born at Sora in 1642, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1656 and taught rhetoric for 23 years at the Roman College, where he died in 1716. A member of the… -
Carre de Malberg, Caroline-Barbe, Venerable (CARRÉ DE MALBERG, CAROLINE-BARBE, VENERABILE)
Born de Colchen, in Metz on 8 April 1829, at the age of 20 she married Captain, later Colonel, Paul C. de M., by whom she had 4 children, 3 of whom died in… -
Carrel, Alexis
Surgeon and biologist, b. at Ste-Foy-les-Lyon (France) on 28 June 1873, d. at Paris on 5 Nov. 1944. He earned his degrees in science and in medicine at the… -
Carrera, Rafael
President of the Republic of Guatemala, b. in Guatemala on 24 Oct. 1814, d. there on 14 Apr. 1865. The son of an Indian and a black woman, he received no… -
Carrer, Luigi Arminio
Born in Venice on 12 February 1801; in his youthful years he improvised tragedies in the manner of Sgricci; he then devoted himself to philological studies; he… -
Carrière, Joseph
Sulpician, moralist, b. at La Panouse-de-Cernon (diocese of Rodez) on 19 Feb. 1795, d. at Lyon on 23 Apr. 1864. In 1818 he began his courses in moral theology… -
Carroccio
A special war chariot, used in the Middle Ages, whose primary purpose was to carry the banner of the city. Some cities gave it a name of its own (Regelium… -
Carroccio (The) (CARROCCIO (IL))
Monthly magazine of "formation and action" for young people; it was founded in Milan in October 1922 by the then nascent Society of St. Paul, which Cardinal… -
Carroll
Under this surname two Catholic and patriotic families of Maryland of the 18th and 19th centuries should be remembered, united by a certain kinship through the… -
Carron, Guy-Toussaint-Julien
Priest, ascetical writer, b. at Rennes on 23 February 1760, d. at Paris on 13 March 1821. He was, above all, a man of great action; in fact he founded at… -
Cartagena, Archdiocese of (CARTAGENA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
In the Republic of Colombia, department of Bolivar. Erected as a diocese by Clement VII on 24 April 1534, elevated to a metropolitan see by Leo XIII on 20 June… -
Cartagena, Diocese of (CARTAGENA, DIOCESI DI)
C., which comprises almost the whole of the provinces of Murcia and Albacete (Spain) as well as some towns of those of Alicante and Almeria, has an area of… -
Carteglo(r)ia (CARTEGLORIA)
To aid the celebrant's memory, from as early as the 16th century a tablet was customarily placed in the middle of the altar, containing certain prayers of the… -
Cartel (CARTELLO)
The cartel (or consortium) is an agreement among industrial firms in the same branch of production for the purpose of regulating the market. It differs from… -
Cartesio, Renato
CARTESIO, RENATO: v. DESCARTES, BENÈ. -
Carthage, Archdiocese of (CARTAGINE, ARCIDIÓCESI DI)
I. HISTORY. - The origins of the Carthaginian Church, as indeed those of the African Church in general, are still obscure: the hypothesis of a direct apostolic… -
Carthagh (Carhach, Mo-Chuta), Saint (CARTHAGH (CARHACH, MO-CHUTA), SANTO)
He was first abbot of the ancient monastery of Rathan (now Rahan), in the center of Ireland. As the Paschal controversy raged between the Celtic Church and the… -
Carthusians (CERTOSINI)
Religious order founded by St. Bruno in 1084 at Chartreuse (Certosa), a deserted place in the diocese of Grenoble, where an oratory dedicated to the Most Holy… -
Cartoon (CARTONE)
Painters call c. the preparatory drawing carried out at the very dimensions that the painting will have. Extremely useful in any technique, it is indispensable… -
Cartulary (CARTOLARIO (CARTOLARIO))
The name c. (chartularium, instrumentarium, liber memorialis, pancharta, codex diplomaticus) designates the volumes in which, in systematic or chronological… -
Caruaru, Diocese of (CARUARÙ, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese of Brazil, in the State of Pernambuco, suffragan of Olinda and Recife, erected by Pope Pius XII on 7 Aug. 1948 with the apostolic constitution… -
Carucci, Iacopo
CARUCCI, IACOPO: V. PONTORMO. -
Carusi, Evaristo
Distinguished Romanist and Orientalist, consistorial advocate, b. at Celano (Abruzzo) on 21 March 1866, d. at Rome on 13 April 1940. A disciple of Vittorio… -
Carus, Karl Gustav
German anatomist and biologist, b. in Leipzig on 3 Jan. 1789, d. in Dresden on 28 July 1869, a follower of the philosophy of nature. He is to be remembered for… -
Carvajal, Bernardino López de
Cardinal, b. at Plasencia in Extremadura in 1456, d. at Rome on 16 Dec. 1523. A master in theology and papal cubicularius, he was successively bishop of… -
Carvajal, Juan de
Cardinal, b. at Trujillo in Extremadura around 1400, d. at Rome on 6 Dec. 1469. As auditor of the Apostolic Chamber he was charged by Eugene IV with… -
Carvajal, Luís
Franciscan theologian, b. in Andalusia around 1500, probably at Jodar, where he d. in Aug. 1552. Sent by Paul III to the Council of Trent, he took part in many… -
Carvalho, Diego and Miguel, Blessed (CARVALHO, DIEGO E MIGUEL, BEATI)
CARVALHO, DIEGO e MIGUEL, beati: v. GIAPPONESI, MARTIRI. -
Carve, Thomas
Irish prelate and historian, b. at Mobeman in County Tipperary in 1590, d. around 1672. Initially chaplain of an Irish regiment in the service of Ferdinand II… -
Casale Monferrato, Diocese of (CASALE MONFERRATO, DIOCESI DI)
In Piedmont, province of Alessandria, on the right bank of the Po. It is of Roman origin, according to some the Industria of Pliny; in the Middle Ages, from… -
Casal, Gaspar
Distinguished Portuguese theologian, b. at Santarém ca. 1510, d. at Coimbra on 9 Aug. 1584. Having entered the Augustinian order, he studied and taught at… -
Casali, Giovanni Battista
He was chiefly a composer of sacred music. Born in Rome in 1715, he was appointed there in 1759 maestro di cappella at St. John Lateran, a post he held until… -
Casanare, Apostolic Vicariate of (CASANARE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
The first evangelizers of the region of C. in Colombia were the Augustinian Recollects, who had to leave the territory during the war of independence against… -
Casanate, Girolamo
Dominican cardinal, b. in Naples on 13 Feb. 1620 to an ancient and noble Spanish family, d. in Rome on 3 March 1700. In 1635 he took his degree in utroque iure… -
Casanova, Giacomo
Adventurer, b. in Venice on 2 April 1725, d. on 4 June 1798 at Dux (Bohemia), where he had retired to the castle of the Count of Waldstein in the capacity of… -
Casanovas, Ignasi
Jesuit, b. at Santpedor (Catalonia) on 13 Aug. 1872, he entered the novitiate of Veruela in 1888. After his years of formation (1888-1905), he spent his whole… -
Casarano (CASARANELLO)
A locality in Apulia, on the Salento peninsula, birthplace of Pope Boniface IX (Pietro Tomacelli: 1389-1404); after falling into decline and finally being… -
Casarstan, Republic of (CASARSTAN, REPUBBLICA DEL)
CASARSTAN, REPUBLIC OF: v. U.R.S.S. -
Casartelli, Lodovico Carlo
Bishop and Orientalist, b. in London on 14 Nov. 1852, d. in Manchester on 18 Jan. 1925. He studied at the University of Louvain and was ordained a priest in… -
Casati, Felice
Capuchin, he is Father Felice of the plague of Milan, made famous by Manzoni. Born in 1583 to Count Alfonso, he took the Capuchin habit at the age of… -
Casazze
Grandiose figured processions, living relics of the sacred drama. Their origin is Genoese, and the name derives, it seems, from certain old and large buildings… -
Casciolini, Claudio
Musician, b. in Rome in 1670, d. there ca. 1740. A singer and choir master in the chapel of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in Rome, he wrote various masses, psalms… -
Case (CASO)
Those rare events are attributed to chance which, although unforeseen and unforeseeable, nevertheless display a certain finalistic value in their outcome. It…