S
1,671 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Simon of Cramaud (SIMONE DI CRAMAUD)
Bishop and cardinal, b. before 1360 in the diocese of Limoges, d. 15 Dec. 1422. He studied law at Orléans; a doctor of law in Paris, he held offices at court.… -
Simon of Cyrene (SIMONE IL CIRENEO)
A Jew originally from Cyrene (v.), a city of the Pentapolis of Libya, where a flourishing Jewish colony was in continuous relations with Jerusalem (Flavius… -
Simon of Heintun (SIMONE DI HEINTUN)
English Dominican theologian of the 13th century. He held the chair of theology at Oxford (1248-54), succeeding R. Fishacre, of whom he was probably a… -
Simon of Lipnica, Blessed (SIMONE DA LIPNICZA, BEATO)
Franciscan priest, disciple of St. John of Capistrano, b. at Lipnicza (Cracow), d. 18 July 1482. A student at Cracow, thanks to the preaching of St. John of… -
Simon of Trier, Saint (SIMONE DI TREVIRI, SANTO)
A native of Syracuse and, after various wanderings, a monk at Mount Sinai, he settled in France after escaping many dangers. He first stayed in Aquitaine, then… -
Simon, Richard
French biblical scholar, b. at Dieppe on 13 May 1638, d. there on 11 April 1712. In October 1659 he entered the Oratory, leaving it about a year later to… -
Simon the Zealot (SIMONE IL CUOTATO)
A Christian who for many days offered hospitality to St. Peter in his own house in Joppa or Jaffa (Acts 9:43). There St. Peter had the symbolic vision of the… -
Simony (SIMONIA)
The term and the concept of s. derive their origin from the sacrilegious market proposed to the Apostles by Simon Magus, with the aim of obtaining from them… -
Simor, Johann
Cardinal, b. 23 Aug. 1813 at Székesfehérvár (Stuhlweissenburg), d. 24 Jan. 1891 at Esztergom. A priest in 1856, in 1839 professor of theology at the University… -
Simple (SEMPLICE)
It is that which has no parts and is therefore not divisible. Since indivisibility is unity ("nihil enim est aliud unum quam ens indivisum": St. Thomas, De… -
Simplicity (SEMPLICITÀ)
In the abstract, it expresses the absence of complexity. In the moral order it contrasts with duplicity or hypocrisy, and involves two degrees: one obligatory… -
Simplicius (SIMPLICIO)
Neoplatonic philosopher of the 6th century AD. Biographical information is scarce. He was a native of Cilicia, and had as his teacher in Alexandria Ammonius… -
Simplicius, Faustinus and Viatrix, Saints, Martyrs (SIMPLICIO, FAUSTINO E VIATRICE, SANTI, MARTIRI)
They are commemorated in the Martyrologies on 29 July; they are also still remembered on the same date in the Sacramentaries; the Itineraries of the 7th… -
Simplicius, Saint, Pope (SIMPLICIO, PAPA, SANTO)
A native of Tivoli, son of Castinus, he succeeded Hilary on 3 March 468. He died on 10 March 483. Despite his long pontificate, little information has come… -
Simulation (SIMULAZIONE)
In general it is any attitude whose purpose is to create a false judgment in others. In legal language, simulation consists in performing an action, normally a… -
Sin (PECCATO)
Here it means the moral fall or ruin, the evil human act, indicated in the Greek of the New Testament by various other expressions: ἀμαρτία or ἀμάρτημα, that… -
Sin
Name of three biblical localities. 1. Desert (Heb. Sin) crossed by the Israelites on their itinerary from Elim and the Red Sea to Raphidim (v.) and to Sinai… -
Sinai
Mountainous region, also called Horeb (v.), where the Israelites, three months after their departure from Egypt (Ex. 19:1), encamped for about a year (Num.… -
Sinaitic Inscriptions (SINAITICHE, ISCRIZIONI)
Inscriptions found in 1905 by Flinders Petrie at Serâbît al-Hâdim (Sinai), in the turquoise mines near the temple of Hathor. Further discoveries, made by the… -
Sinaloa, Diocese of (SINALOA, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese of the state of the same name in Mexico (North America). Over an area of 58,488 sq km it comprises a population of 550,000 inhabitants, of… -
Sincero, Luigi
Cardinal, b. at Trino Vercellese on 26 March 1879, d. at Rome on 7 Feb. 1936. He studied at Vercelli and at Rome, taking degrees in philosophy, theology and… -
Sinclair, Margaret
In religion Maria Francesca of the Five Wounds, b. in Edinburgh on 25 March 1900, d. in London on 24 Nov. 1925. Her devotion to the Eucharist was… -
Sinforosa, Saint, Martyr (SINFOROSA, SANTA, MARTIRE)
Fr. Delehaye held that seven saints buried nearby or venerated on the same day were turned into brothers and attributed to St. Symphorosa as her sons… -
Singular (SINGOLARE)
In the metaphysical sense, a singular is the subsistent individual, that is, the "primary substance" (οὐσία πρώτη, as opposed to "secondary substance" (οὐσία… -
Sining [Xining], Apostolic Prefecture of (SINING, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It comprises the entire civil province of Tsinghai or Kokonor, in central-western China. It was erected, with the name of S. from the capital city, residence… -
Sinistrari, Ludovico Maria
Canonist, b. in Ameno (island of S. Giulio di Orta, Novara) on 26 January 1632, d. at Giardini on 6 March 1701. He studied letters at the University of Pavia… -
Sinkiang, Apostolic Prefecture of (SINKIANG, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It comprises the civil province of the same name, also called Chinese Turkestan or Eastern Turkestan, in northwestern China. It was erected as a mission sui… -
Sinnada of Phrygia (SINNADA DI FRIGIA)
It is the present-day Çifitkasaba, formerly a metropolitan see of Phrygia Salutaris, now a titular archiepiscopal see (Ann. Pont. 1952, p. 594). During the… -
Sinsiang [Xinxiang], Apostolic Prefecture of (SINSIANG, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
In the northern part of the province of Honan, in central China. It was erected on 7 July 1936 with 12 civil sub-prefectures of the mission of Weihwei (v.) and… -
Sintang, Apostolic Prefecture of (SINTANG, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It comprises the whole and only the civil province of the same name, in the central part of what was formerly Dutch Borneo. This territory was erected into an… -
Sinyang [Xinyang], Diocese of (SINYANG, DIOCESI DI)
In the southeastern part of the province of Honan, in central China. It was erected as an apostolic prefecture on 15 Dec. 1927 with 14 civil sub-prefectures… -
Sion (SION)
Indigenous name of the Jebusite fortress, situated in the southern part of the eastern hill (v. OPHEL) of Jerusalem (v.), captured by King David and, in his… -
Sion (Sitten), Diocese of (SION (SITTEN), DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese, capital of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Its area is 5,235 sq. km. with a population of 150,000 inhabitants, of whom 145,000 are… -
Sioux City, Diocese of (SIOUX CITY, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese and city of the State of Iowa (U.S.A.). The diocese of S. C., a suffragan of Dubuque, was created by Leo XIII on 15 Jan. 1902 by the partition of… -
Sioux Falls, Diocese of (SIOUX FALLS, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese and city in the State of South Dakota (U.S.A.). The diocese of S. F. (Siouxormensis) comprises the part of the State of South Dakota situated east of… -
Siphrā, Siphrē
Midrashic commentaries on Leviticus and on Numbers-Deuteronomy. Siphrā' (= the book) is a midrash (v.) of a preceptive character on Leviticus. Probably based… -
Sipos, István
Hungarian canonist, b. at Mohács in 1875, d. at Paris on 2 Dec. 1949. A priest in 1898, he taught canon law from 1906 to 1931 at the Seminary of the diocese of… -
Sirach, Book of (SIRACH, SIRACIDA)
SIRACH, SIRACIDA : v. ECCLESIASTICO. -
Sirens (SIRENE)
From the Greek Σειρήν, Σιρήν (Latin siren, sirena), mythological monsters whose song, accompanied by musical instruments, seduced and attracted men who… -
Siricius, Pope, Saint (SIRICIO, PAPA, SANTO)
Of Roman origin, son of Tiburtius, he was a lector and deacon under Pope Liberius and then under Damasus, whom he succeeded in the pontificate at the end of… -
Sirigo, Melezio
Byzantine orator and anti-Protestant polemicist, b. at Candia (Crete) in 1586, d. at Galata (Constantinople) on 13 April 1664. He began his studies at Candia… -
Sirleto, Guglielmo
Cardinal, b. at Guardavalle (Squillace in Calabria) to a certain Tommaso in > (from Phot. Enc. Catt.) > SIRLETO, GUGLIELMO - Portrait, engraving by T. Galleo… -
Sirmium, Diocese of (SIRMIO, DIOCESI DI)
In Bosnia. It has an area of 10,078 sq km with a population of 400,000 inhabitants, of whom 380,978 are Catholics, distributed in 4 archdioceses, 6 deaneries… -
Sirmond, Jacques
Patrologist, b. at Riom (Puy-de-Dôme) on 12 Oct. 1559, d. at Paris on 7 Oct. 1651. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1576, he taught literature and… -
Sisara (SISARA)
1. Military commander under Jabin, king of the Canaanite city of Hazor, who had his headquarters at Harosheth-hagoyim (el-Harijijh, southeast of Carmel), from… -
Siscia
SISCIA. DIOCESI di: v. ZAGABRIA, DIOCESI di. -
Sisinnius II (SISINNIO II)
He was patriarch of Constantinople (996-998). Two synodal acts concerning marriage legislation and one concerning the metropolitan Nicholas of Alania are… -
Sisinnius I, Saint (SISINNIO I, SANTO)
Archbishop of Constantinople, d. 24 Dec. 427. First a priest in the suburb of Elia, on 28 February 426 he was elected to the Byzantine see instead of Philip of… -
Sisinnius, Martyrio and Alexander, Saints, Martyrs (SISINNIO, MARTIRIO ED ALESSANDRO, SANTI, MARTIRI)
They are commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on May 29. The details of their martyrdom are narrated by Bishop Vigilius of Trent in two letters written… -
Sisinnius, Pope (SISINNIO, PAPA)
A Syrian by origin, he succeeded John VII (d. 18 Oct. 707) on 15 Jan. 708, after a vacancy of almost three months. In order to guarantee the safety of the… -
Sisith
"Fringes" which, together with the gèdhilim ("tassels"), the Israelites attach to the corners of their outer garments (Num. 15:37-41); the blue cord, with… -
Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde de (SISMONDI, JEAN-CHARLES SIMONDE DO)
Historian and economist, b. at Geneva on 9 May 1773, d. there on 25 June 1842. A philosopher still in the Enlightenment sense, both for the breadth of his… -
Sisteron, Diocese of (SISTERON, DIOCESI DI)
SISTERON, DIOCESI di: v. DIGNE, DIOCESI di. -
Sisters (SUORE)
General designation, common to many female religious Congregations, followed by other titles that hint at their distinctive characteristics. 1. S. ADORERS OF… -
Sisters of Mercy (SORELLE DELLA MISERICORDIA)
Fondate nella diocesi di Verona nel 1840, da Vincenza Poloni. Il decreto di lode è dell'8 luglio 1931 e l'approvazione definitiva delle Costituzioni del 5 ag.… -
Sisters of the Apostolic Carmel (CARMELO APOSTOLICO, SUORE DEL)
Congregation founded in France at Bayonne in 1868. In 1870 it sent a first group of sisters to Mangalore (India). After the house of Bayonne was closed in… -
Sisters of the Assumption of Trebisonda (ASSUNZIONE DI TREBISONDA, SUORE DELL')
Congregation, founded in 1887, of Armenian sisters who devoted themselves to the education of youth and to works of assistance. The congregation remained… -
Sisters of the Poor of Saint Catherine of Siena (SORELLE DEI POVERI DI SANTA CATERINA DA SIENA)
Fondate in Siena, l'8 dic. 1873, da Savina Petrilli (v.). Il decreto di lode è del 5 sett. 1899. Le Costituzioni furono definitivamente approvate il 30 giugno… -
Sistine Chapel Choir (SISTINA, CAPPELLA)
SISTINA, CAPPELLA: v. CAPPELLA MUSICALE. -
Sisto, Sienese (SISTO DI SIENA)
Biblicist, b. in Siena in 1520 to Jewish parents, d. in Genoa in 1569. As a young man S. converted and entered the Franciscan order. Accused of heresy or of… -
Siwantze [Chongli], Diocese of (SIWANTZE, DIOCESI DI)
A suffragan of Suiyüan, it is located in the northern part of the civil province of Chagar (Mongolia), has an area of 250,000 sq. km. and a population of… -
Sixtus III, Pope, Saint (SISTO III, PAPA, SANTO)
He reigned from 432 to 440. It is not established that he was venerated in antiquity; he was included by Ado in his Martyrology, from which he passed into the… -
Sixtus II, Pope, Saint (SISTO II, PAPA, SANTO)
He reigned as pontiff from 257 to 258. He is commemorated in the Depositio martyrum on August 6 as buried in the cemetery of Callixtus; on the same date and in… -
Sixtus I, Pope, Saint (SISTO I, PAPA, SANTO)
The sixth successor of the Apostles, his pontificate can be approximately placed between 115 and 125. Florus was the first to include him in his Martyrology… -
Sixtus IV, Pope (SISTO IV, PAPA)
Born at Celle near Savona in 1414 to Leonardo della Rovere and Luchina Monleone, of very modest condition. He became a Friar Minor quite young, studied at… -
Sixtus V, Pope (SISTO V, PAPA)
B. at Grottammare (Ascoli Piceno) on 13 Dec. 1520, d. at Rome on 27 Aug. 1590. I. BEFORE THE PONTIFICATE. - Felice Peretti, of a very poor family from Montalto… -
Skanderbeg, Giorgio Castriota, called (SCANDERBEG, GIORGIO CASTRIOTA DETTO)
Albanian national hero, b. ca. 1404, d. 17 January 1468, several times described by the Popes of his time with the title of athleta Christi. Son of John, lord… -
Skarga, Piotr
Preacher, b. at Grojec (Masovia) in February 1536, d. at Kraków on 27 September 1612. He was one of the noblest figures in the religious and political history… -
Skelton, John
English satirical poet, b. perhaps at Diss around 1460, d. at Westminster on 21 June 1529. He belongs to an age of transition between the Middle Ages and the… -
Skepticism (SCETTICISMO)
From the Greek σκέπτομαι, I look, observe, reflect, meditate, investigate, it is the attitude — and the systematic position — that does not admit, in general… -
Skopje, Diocese of (SCOPIA (SKOPLJE, USKUB), DIOCESI DI)
Immediately subject to the Holy See, and situated in southern Yugoslavia between Albania, Greece and Bulgaria. A very ancient diocese, already represented at… -
Slander (MALDICENZA)
MALDICENZA: V. DETRAZIONE. -
Slater, Thomas
Moral theologian, b. at Dinckley (Lancashire) on 16 Sept. 1855, d. at Liverpool on 3 Dec. 1928. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1874, he was professor… -
Slavery (SCHIAVITÙ)
From the ancient German slav, a word applied by the Germans to the Slavic peoples whom they took captive, and it may be defined as the state of a person who… -
Slave Trade (TRATTA DEI NEGRI)
TRATTA DEI NEGRI: v. SCHIAVITÙ. -
Slavophilism (SLAVOFILIA)
I. LITERATURE. - The Slavophile movement represents in Russian culture a reaction of a national and spiritual character against eighteenth-century… -
Slavs (SLAVI)
Collective name of a large Indo-European family. The prehistoric homeland of the Slavs was probably located between the Baltic and the Carpathians. The Slavic… -
Sleep (SONNO)
From a biological point of view, sleep reveals itself as an aspect of a phenomenon common to all living beings, in the animal and plant kingdoms, which have… -
Sleeping Saints, Martyrs (DORMIENTI, SANTI, MARTIRI)
DORMIENTI, santi, martiri: v. SETTE DORMIENTI. -
Sleidanus, Johann
He was the most celebrated annalist of the German Reformation, born probably in 1506 at Schleiden in the Eifel, of the Philippi family; he was educated at… -
Slotanus (Sloten), Johann
Dominican theologian, b. at Geffen (Brabant) at the beginning of the 16th century, d. at Cologne on 9 July 1560. He studied at Cologne and was promoted master… -
Sloth (ACCIDIA)
(From the Greek ἀκῆδία = carelessness, from α privative and κῆδομα). Commonly the term a. is used to indicate that vice by which one neglects to do good; hence… -
Sloth (IGNAVIA)
"It is a tendency to idleness or at least to negligence and torpor in acting" (A. Tanquerey, Compendio di teologia ascetica e mistica, 7th ed., Rome 1927, no.… -
Slovakia (Slovensko) (SLOVACCHIA (SLOVENSKO))
Historical region of Central Europe, formerly part of Hungary (906-1918), then of Czechoslovakia (1918-39), then an independent State (1939-45), now, once… -
Slovenia
It is the northernmost of the historical regions of the Yugoslav state, in which it occupies a place of its own, given the originality of its population, which… -
Sluter, Claus
Sculptor, probably b. in Haarlem during the first half of the 14th century, d. at Dijon between Sept. 1405 and Jan. 1406. He appears as one of the masters of… -
Smalcaldic, Articles (SMALCALDICI, ARTICOLI)
SMALCALD ARTICLES. They were drawn up in the city of Smalcald in an intransigent and aggressive tone by Luther himself (unlike the conciliatory "Confessio… -
Smallpox and Vaccination (VAIOLO E VACCINAZIONE)
Smallpox is a specific acute contagious disease, characterized by high fever and by an eruption of maculopapules that rapidly turn into vesicles and pustules… -
Smaragdus (SMARAGDO)
Benedictine writer, active in the first decades of the 9th century, perhaps of Irish origin, a monk at Castellio on the Meuse; as abbot, in 819 he transferred… -
Smaragdus, Saint (SMARAGDO, SANTO)
SMARAGDO, santo: v. CIRIACO, LARGO E SMARAGDO, saints. -
Smith, Adam
Philosopher and economist, b. at Kirkcaldy (Scotland) on 5 June 1723, d. at Edinburgh on 17 July 1790. He entered the Glasgow High School at the age of… -
Smits, Willem
Flemish exegete, b. 27 Jan. 1704 at Kevelaer (Belgium), d. 1 Dec. 1770 at Antwerp. In 1722 he entered the Franciscan Order, and distinguished himself in the… -
Snare (INSIDIA)
The ambush (from the Latin insidiae and insideo) is the deceit secretly prepared against someone, and it takes different names according to the different ends… -
Soave, Francesco
Scholar and philosopher, b. at Lugano on 10 June 1743, d. at Pavia on 17 Jan. 1806. A Somascan religious, he dedicated his life to teaching and study. A… -
Soba (SOBA)
An Aramaic kingdom (more precisely Aram [v.] of S.) to the northwest of Damascus, in the valley of the Nahr el-Litānī, between Mount Hermon and Lebanon… -
Sobna (SOBNA)
Steward of the royal house of Judah and prime minister (cf. 2 Chron. 26:21 etc.) in the time of Hezekiah (721-693 B.C.). Anticipating war with the Assyrians… -
Sobrai, Diocese of (SOBRAI, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese in the State of Ceará, in Brazil. It has an area of 48,200 sq km with a population of 783,981 inhabitants, of whom 755,342 are Catholics. It… -
Social Assistance (ASSISTENZA SOCIALE)
It is difficult to find a satisfactory definition of s.a. or social service. The definition is either too broad and ends up embracing all social, educational… -
Social Economic Union (UNIONE ECONOMICA SOCIALE)
Italian Catholic institution, coordinator of many economic and social works among Italian Catholics, arisen after the encyclical Il fermo proposito (11 June… -
Social Insurance (ASSICURAZIONI SOCIALI)
The complex activity through which the State exercises its function of protecting the interests of workers unfolds along two distinct lines: on the one hand it… -
Socialism (SOCIALISMO)
"S.", "collectivism", "communism" indicate a set of socio-economic systems that assign to the community, to the exclusion of private individuals, the ownership… -
Socialization (SOCIALIZZAZIONE)
A generic term used to designate the aims and method proper to socialist and communist economic schools, directed toward the practical abolition of private… -
Social Justice (GIUSTIZIA SOCIALE)
A new and very frequent term, born of the vague unease that derives from something lacking in modern society and from the feverish aspiration to seek it out.… -
Social Legislation (LEGISLAZIONE SOCIALE)
Social legislation, in the conventional and narrow sense (since in the broad sense every legislation, by its very nature, can be called social), is commonly… -
Social Medicine (MEDICINA SOCIALE)
It is that part of medicine which aims to remedy the harmful consequences that factors of a physical, chemical, biological, and cultural nature exert on the… -
Social Modernism (MODERNISMO SOCIALE)
Similar to dogmatic modernism, social modernism can be called that movement of ideas and activities which, with regard to political and professional society… -
Social Psychology (PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE)
It is the branch of general psychology that studies predominantly two orders of phenomena: 1) the interferences and conflicts between social groups; 2) the… -
Social Questions (QUESTIONI SOCIALI)
"Social" is a term in common use, always employed to indicate what pertains to society. In the Middle Ages people spoke of the pactum sociale. When, however… -
Social Security (SICUREZZA SOCIALE)
It is the establishment of a series of plans and measures aimed at maintaining social peace and the common welfare. The meanings of the term vary according to… -
Social Weeks (SETTIMANE SOCIALI)
A characteristic type of conference for the study and diffusion of social Catholicism, first realized in 1903 in France, through the merit of Eugène Duthoit… -
Society (SOCIETÀ)
From the Latin socius, the term s. was initially used by Roman law to indicate the universitas personarum (also called ordines, sodalicia, collegia, corpora)… -
Society for Foreign Missions of Quebec (SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI QUÉBEC)
It was founded on 2 February 1921 by the episcopate of the province of Québec. It is a society without vows whose purpose is to send its members on mission. On… -
Society for the Foreign Missions of the United States of America (SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DEGLI STATI UNITI D'AMERICA)
Founded on 27 April 1911 by the episcopate of the United States of America and authorized by Bl. Pius X on 29 June of the same year. The co-founders were Fr.… -
Society of African Missions (SOCIETÀ DELLE MISSIONI AFRICANE)
It was erected on 8 Dec. 1856 in Lyon by Msgr. Melchiorre de Marion-Brésillac, who from 1846 to 1855 had been vicar apostolic of Coimbatore in India. The… -
Society of Biblical Studies (BIBLICHE, SOCIETÀ)
The most important are the following: I. BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY (B.F.B.SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL STUDIES). - Before 1804, several Protestant societies had… -
Society of Christian Archaeology Scholars in Rome (CULTORI DELLA ARCHEOLOGIA CRISTIANA IN ROMA, SOCIETÀ DEI)
Founded by Fr. Luigi Bruzza and G. B. De Rossi on 12 Dec. 1875 to prepare, train and spur on, through periodic meetings, friendly discussions and observations… -
Society of Christian Retreat (Nîmes) (SOCIETÀ DEL RITIRO CRISTIANO (NIMES))
Founded in 1789 in the diocese of Besançon, as a society without vows, by the Ven. Antonio Silvestro Receveur. Approved by the Holy See on 23 July 1912, it was… -
Society of Friends (AMICI, SOCIETÀ DEGLI)
AMICI, SOCIETÀ degli: v. QUACCHERI. -
Society of Friends (FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF)
FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF: v. QUACCHERI. -
Society of Jesus (COMPAGNIA DI GESÙ)
Religious order of Regular Clerics, founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola (v.) and approved by the Holy See in 1540. Its members are commonly called Jesuits. The… -
Society of Mary (Marianists) (SOCIETÀ DI MARIA (MARIANISTI))
Religious congregation founded in 1817 in Bordeaux by G. G. Chaminade (v.). The first seven members of the Institute: two clerics, three lay teachers and two… -
Society of Mary (Marists) (SOCIETÀ DI MARIA (MARISTI))
Religious congregation founded at Belley by the ven. Jean-Claude Colin (v.) on 22 June 1825 for the work of parish missions, encouraged in this by Pope Pius… -
Society of Mary Reparatrix (SOCIETÀ DI MARIA RIPARATRICE)
Religious institute founded in Paris in 1855 by the servant of God Mary of Jesus (Émilie d'Oultremont) under the guidance of the Jesuit Father Adolphe Petit.… -
Society of Saint Columban for the Chinese Missions (SOCIETÀ DI SAN COLOMBANO PER LE MISSIONI CINESI)
It was founded by the Rev. Edward Galvin and by Fr. Blowick in 1918 at Dalgan Park (Ireland). Its purpose is to send missionaries to China. The Constitutions… -
Society of Saint Joseph of Mill Hill for Foreign Missions (SOCIETÀ DI SAN GIUSEPPE DI MILL HILL PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE)
It was begun on 19 March 1866 by Herbert Vaughan (v.) at Mill Hill near London, with the purpose of preparing priests for the missions. The first missionaries… -
Society of Saint Paul (PIA SOCIETÀ SAN PAOLO)
Clerical religious congregation with simple vows, comprising two classes of members: clerics and laymen. It arose in Alba (Cuneo) on 20 Aug. 1914 through the… -
Society of the Catholic Apostolate (Pallottines) (SOCIETÀ DELL'APOSTOLATO CATTOLICO (PALLOTTINI))
A priestly society, exempt, without vows, founded in Rome on 4 April 1835 by Bl. Vincent Pallotti. Incorporation is effected by means of a public consecration… -
Society of the Daughters of Saint Francis de Sales (Paris) (SOCIETÀ DELLE FIGLIE DI SAN FRANCESCO DI SALES (PARIGI))
Founded in Paris in 1872 by the abbé Chaumont and the venerable Carré de Molberg. It received pontifical approval on 18 April 1911, and its special purpose is… -
Society of the Divine Heart of Jesus (Breslau) (SOCIETÀ DEL DIVIN CUORE DI GESÙ (BRESLAVIA))
Founded in Breslau in 1907 by Gabriella Klausa, as a society without vows. The special purpose of the Institute is works of charity, especially toward small… -
Society of the Divine Saviour (S.D.S.) (SOCIETÀ DEL DIVIN SALVATORE (S. D. S.))
Religious congregation of simple vows, founded in Rome by Fr. Francis Mary of the Cross Jordan (v.) on 8 Dec. 1881. Its purpose is to form priest-apostles, for… -
Society of the Divine Word (Verbits) (SOCIETÀ DEL DIVIN VERBO (VERBITI))
A religious congregation composed of priests and coadjutor brothers, founded at Steyl (Holland) on 8 September 1875 by Arnold Janssen. It received the approval… -
Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (SOCIETÀ DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ)
It arose at Amiens at the beginning of the 18th century, but soon the General House, which is currently in Rome, was established in Paris. Its foundress and… -
Society Without Public Vows (SOCIETÀ SENZA VOTI PUBBLICI)
I. NOTION. - They are thus defined by the CIC in can. 637 § 1: "Societies of men or of women, in which the members imitate the manner of life of religious… -
Socini (Sozzini), Lelio and Fausto (SOCINI (SOZZINI), LELIO E FAUSTO)
Heretics of Siena, who gave their name to the Protestant-radical current of the "anti-Trinitarians" or "Unitarians," which indeed takes from them the name of… -
Sociologism (SOCIOLOGISMO)
SOCIOLOGISMO: V. SOCIETÀ. -
Sociology (SOCIOLOGIA)
The term s. was used for the first time by A. Comte (Cours de philos. posit., IV, lesson 47, Paris 1839, p. 252) to indicate the positive study of the laws of… -
Socrates (SOCRATE)
One of the greatest philosophers of ancient Greece and one of the greatest personalities of all time. Born in Athens in 469 B.C., to the sculptor Sophroniscus… -
Socrates (SOCRATE)
Ecclesiastical historian, born and lived in Constantinople, where he practiced the profession of legal procurator (scholasticus). In his youth he had been a… -
Sodality of Saint Peter Claver (SODALIZIO DI SAN PIETRO CLAVER)
It is a pious auxiliary society for the African missions. It was founded by the servant of God Mary Theresa Ledóchowska (v.) in 1894 and approved by the Holy… -
Soden, Hermann Freiherr von
New Testament critic, b. in Cincinnati (United States) on 16 Aug. 1852, d. in Berlin on 15 Jan. 1914. He attended the University of Tübingen; he was an… -
Söderblom, Nathan
Lutheran bishop of Uppsala and primate of the Swedish Lutheran Church, b. at Trönö (Söderhamn) on 15 January 1866, d. at Uppsala on 12 July 1931. He began his… -
Soderini, Edoardo
Italian politician, b. in Rome on 22 Nov. 1853, d. there on 15 May 1934. Deeply devoted to the Holy See, he was among the most authoritative members of that… -
Soderini, Francesco
Cardinal, b. in Florence in 1453, d. in Rome on 17 May 1524. He was a familiar of Sixtus IV when, at the age of 24, he was appointed bishop of Volterra on 11… -
Sodoma, Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, called Il (SODOMA, GIOVANNI ANTONIO BAZZI, DETTO IL)
Painter, b. at Vercelli in 1477, d. at Siena on 15 February 1549. At the age of thirteen he was placed by his father to learn the art under Martino Spanzotti… -
Sodom and Gomorrah (SODOMA E GOMORRA)
Names of the first two cities of the Pentapolis (v.) destroyed by divine justice for the lust and unnatural vices of their inhabitants (Gen. 13:13… -
Soglia Ceroni, Giovanni
Cardinal, b. at Casola Valsenio on 11 Oct. 1779, d. at Osimo on 12 Aug. 1856. While still young, he was secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Studies. He… -
Sohag (SOHÄG)
A locality in Middle Egypt, near which there still stand, still fairly well preserved in their essential parts, the two most important monuments of Christian… -
Sohm, Rudolf
Protestant jurist, b. 29 Oct. 1841 in Rostock, d. 16 May 1917 in Leipzig. As an extraordinary professor at the University of Göttingen in 1870, he was called… -
Soissons, Diocese of (SOISSONS, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese in the department of the Aisne in France. S. is the ancient Noviodunum, center of the tribe of the Gallic Suessiones, then Augusta Suessionum… -
Sojo de Anguera, Carmen de
Of the secular Third Order of Carmel, b. at Reus (province of Tarragona) on 15 Oct. 1856, d. at Barcelona on 15 Aug. 1890. After an adolescence spent in works… -
Solages, Henri de
Missionary of St. Vincent de Paul, b. in France in 1786, d. in Madagascar in 1832. Appointed apostolic prefect of the island of Bourbon or Réunion (St-Denis)… -
Solar Cycle (CICLO SOLARE)
È il nome dato impropriamente a un periodo di 28 anni solari (latino circulus solis, francese cycle solaire, tedesco Sonnenzyklus), trascorso il quale la… -
Solari, Benedetto
Dominican bishop, b. at Chiavari on 9 March 1742, d. at Genoa on 13 April 1814. He entered the Dominican Order at a young age, was professor of dogmatic… -
Solari, Luigi Maria
Servant of God, b. at Chiavari of an illustrious family, on 13 May 1795, d. at Benevento on 17 Aug. 1829. He studied at Savona in the College of the Lazarists… -
Solario, Andrea
Painter, b. in Milan between 1458 and 1460, younger brother of Cristoforo, whom he followed to Venice around 1490. The earliest works of S. are especially… -
Solario, Antonio detto Lo Zingaro
Painter, active in the last decade of the 1400s and the first years of the 1500s. In his works he blends Venetian, Umbrian, Marche and Lombard elements, while… -
Solari, Pietro Antonio
Son of Guiniforte, Lombard architect and sculptor. There is evidence of him from 1446; he died in Moscow in 1493. In 1476 he entered the service of the Opera… -
Solari (Solario), Cristoforo detto Il Gobbo
Milanese sculptor and architect, b. around 1460, d. according to some at Vigevano in 1525, according to others at Mantua in 1527. After a stay in Venice (1489)… -
Solaro della Margarita, Clemente
Piedmontese politician and diplomat, b. 21 Nov. 1792 at Cuneo, d. 12 Nov. 1869 at Turin. From Oct. 1803 to 1806 he was at the Tolomei College of Siena, then… -
Solar System (SOLARE, SISTEMA)
It is the whole of the Sun and of the celestial bodies (planets and their satellites, minor planets, comets and certain numerous swarms of meteors) that… -
Solar Theology (TEOLOGIA SOLARE)
Solar theology is the last form that the religious thought of Greek-Roman paganism assumes before its definitive decline. In it converge the four fundamental… -
Solesmes, Abbey of Saint Peter of (SOLESMES, ABBAZIA DI SAN PIETRO DI)
Monastery founded in 1010 in Maine (in France), by Geoffrey of Sablé, with the assistance of Benedictine monks sent by the abbey of "la Couture du Mans". At… -
Solicitation (SOLLECITAZIONE)
In its generic meaning, in the ethical field, it is synonymous with seduction (v.) or with instigation (v.), for which the principles of cooperation (v.) in… -
Solidarity (SOLIDARIETÀ)
A term deriving from Roman law, where a solidary obligation, or in solidum, denoted an obligation with a plurality of subjects (creditors or debtors) and an… -
Solimena, Francesco
Called the abbot Ciccio, painter and architect, b. at Canale di Serino (Avellino) on 4 Oct. 1657, d. at Barra near Naples on 5 Apr. 1747. Head of the… -
Soljarskij, Paul
Dissident theologian, b. at Vladimir on the Klyazma in 1803 and d. at St. Petersburg on 4 May 1890. He is the author of the most voluminous Russian work on… -
Solmi, Arrigo
Legal historian, b. at Finale Emilia on 27 Jan. 1873, d. at Rome on 5 March 1944. A supporter of the sociological approach with a praised and debated youthful… -
Solminihac, Alain de, Venerable (SOLMINIHAC, ALAIN DE, VENERABILE)
Bishop of Cahors, one of the restorers of French Catholic life in the 17th century, b. 25 Nov. 1593 in the ancestral castle of Belet, d. 31 Dec. 1659 in the… -
Solomon (SALOMONE)
Third king of Israel (between 970 and 932 B.C.) of the united period, remembered in popular memory as the type of the wise and lavish king. The history of his… -
Solomon Islands Northern Apostolic Vicariate (SALOMONE SETTENTRIONALI, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLE ISOLE)
It comprises the islands of Bougainville, Choiseul, Shortland and Buka with the few adjacent islets. The apostolic prefecture of the German Solomon Islands was… -
Solomon, Son of Isaac (SALOMONE, FIGLIO DI ISACCO)
SALOMONE, figlio di ISACCO: v. RAŠI. -
Solothurn (SOLETTA, SOLOTHURN)
SOLETTA, SOLOTHURN : v. BASILEA. -
Solovki
Name by which the famous Russian monastery is ordinarily called, once "stauropegiac," in the Solovetsky archipelago (White Sea, north of Archangelsk), founded… -
Solovyov, Vladimir Sergeevich (SOLOV'EV, VLADIMIR SERGHĚEVIČ)
The greatest Russian philosopher, b. January 16 (28), 1853 in Moscow, d. July 31 (Aug. 13), 1900 near Moscow. He studied at the University and at the… -
Solsona, Diocese of (SOLSONA, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese of Spain. It extends through the civil provinces of Lerida and Barcelona with an area of 4,000 sq km.; it has 200,000 inhabitants, all… -
Somaglia, Giulio della
SOMAGLIA, GIULIO della: v. DELLA SOMAGLIA, GIULIO MARIA. -
Somalia
Somalia corresponds to the triangular projection of East Africa bounded by the Gulf of Aden, the Indian Ocean and the course of the Juba. I. GEOGRAPHY. - The… -
Somaschi
Religious order founded for the care of orphans by the Venetian patrician St. Jerome Emiliani (or Miani [v.]) in 1528, in the parish of St. Basil in Venice… -
Sombart, Werner
Protestant sociologist, b. at Ermsleben (Harz) on 19 Jan. 1863, d. at Berlin on 18 May 1941. He studied at the Universities of Pisa, where he had Toniolo as… -
Somigli, Teodosio
Franciscan friar, born Scipione, on 18 July 1864 in the parish of Sandetole in the municipality of Dicomano (Florence). He entered the Franciscan Order on 22… -
Sommervogel, Charles
Jesuit, bibliographer, b. in Strasbourg on 8 Jan. 1834, d. in Paris on 11 May 1902. Having entered the Order in 1853 and been ordained a priest in 1866, from… -
Somnambulism (SONNAMBULISMO)
SONNAMBULISMO: v. IPNOTISMO. -
Somno refectis artubus (SOMMO REFECTIS ARTUBUS)
Hymn of Matins on Monday, by an unknown author; it is found in manuscripts of the 9th century (G. M. Dreves, Anal. hymn., III, Leipzig 1888, p. 27 ff.). Once… -
Soncino (Soncini, Soncinati)
A first name derived from a locality in the Cremona area and assumed by a Jewish family of itinerant printers, whose activity is placed, with various… -
Song of Songs (CANTICO DEI CANTICI)
A poetic book of the Bible, included in the third class known as the Kethōbhim, or Hagiographa; in the Hebrew Bible, it is part of the group called the "Five… -
Sonis, Louis-Gaston de
General, b. at Pointe-à-Pitre (island of Guadeloupe in the French Antilles) on 25 Aug. 1825, d. at Paris on 15 Aug. 1887. Educated at the College of Saint-Cyr… -
Sonnenschein, Carl
German sociologist, b. July 15, 1876 in Düsseldorf, ordained a priest in 1900, d. Feb. 20, 1929 in Berlin. The son of artisans, S. showed from the time of his… -
Sonnino, Sidney
Statesman, b. at Pisa on 11 March 1874, d. at Rome on 24 Nov. 1922. After a seven-year period (1867-73) spent in the diplomatic service, he settled in Rome… -
Son of God (FIGLIO DI DIO)
This term, in current usage, can designate every creature insofar as it is produced by God and watched over by his providence; or the rational creature insofar… -
Son of Man (FIGLIO DELL'UOMO)
A Semitic expression normally meaning "man." In Hebrew ben 'ādhām ("s. of m.") is found in parallelism with 'ādhām or 'ēnās ("man"): Job 25:6; Ps. (Heb.)… -
Sonora, Diocese of (SONORA, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese of the state of the same name in Mexico (North America). It has an area of 180,000 sq km with a population of 400,000 inhabitants, almost all… -
Sons of Charity of Issy (FIGLI DELLA CARITÀ D'ISSY)
Congregation founded in Paris in 1918 by Fr. Jean-Emil Anizan (b. 1853, d. 1928) for the evangelization of the working classes, for the exercise of the… -
Sons of Mary Immaculate (FIGLI DI MARIA IMMACOLATA)
Institute founded in Brescia in 1849 by the Ven. Lodovico Pavoni. In 1819 he had already opened an institute for apprentices to receive poor and needy youths… -
Sons of Saint Mary Immaculate (FIGLI DI SANTA MARIA IMMACOLATA)
Giuseppe Frassinetti, prior of St. Sabina in Genoa, had founded in 1861 the "Pious Union of the Sons of St. Mary Immaculate." The members, while living in the… -
Sons of the Holy Family (FIGLI DELLA SACRA FAMIGLIA)
Religious congregation founded at Tremp in Spain by G. Mañanet y Vives in 1864, for the spread of devotion to the Holy Family and for the safeguarding of the… -
Sons of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (FIGLI DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ)
This Congregation, dependent on the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, is also known by the name of Institute of the African Missions of Verona. In 1867 Msgr.… -
Soochow [Suzhou], Diocese of (SOOCHOW, DIOCESI DI)
In the southern part of the province of Kiangsu, in central-eastern China. It was erected on 9 June 1949 from 5 civil sub-prefectures of the diocese of… -
Sophar (SOPHAR)
One of the three friends of Job (v.); he is called the Naamathite, or of Naamah, in which some see a region inhabited by Arameans or by Idumeans, while others… -
Sophia (SOFIA)
Capital city of Bulgaria (v.), thus named after the ancient Basilica dedicated to St. Sofia (Sveta Sofija), it is the most populous center of the country… -
Sophia, Pistis, Elpis and Agape, Saints, Martyrs (SOPHIA, PISTIS, ELPIS E AGAPE, SANTE, MARTIRI)
Unknown to the most ancient Roman liturgical documents, they were inserted by Ado in his Martyrology, whence they passed into the Roman one, Sophia on Sept.…