SUORE

NUNs. — General designation common to many women’s religious congregations, followed by other titles indicating their distinctive characteristics.

1. S. ADORATRICI DEL PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE (Rome): V. ADORATRICI DEL PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE.

2. S. ADORATRICI DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO (Rivolta d’Adda). — Founded in Bergamo in 1882 by the Servant of God Francesco Spinelli, later transferred to Rivolta d’Adda (diocese of Cremona). Purpose: adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and all works of charity according to the needs of the times and places. Temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1926, definitive in 1932. They number 1,200 sisters in 145 houses in Italy and the United States. Generalate in Rivolta d’Adda (Arch. d. Casa gener.; P. G. Borgonovo, Il p. Franc. Spinelli, Milano 1938).

3. S. ALCANTARINE DEL TERZ’ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO (Rome): V. TERZIARIE FRANCESCANE ALCANTARINE.

4. S. AMANTI DI GESÙ E FIGLIE DI MARIA IMMACOLATA (Plasencia). — Founded in 1874 at Béjar (diocese of Plasencia, Spain) by Matilde Teller Robles. Purpose: care of orphans and the sick, management of orphanages and hospitals. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1930, definitive in 1941. They number 150 sisters in 21 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. dei Relig., P. 72).

5. S. ANCELLE DELLA SANTA INFANZIA DI GESÙ (Oberzell): V. SERVI DELLA CARITÀ. INFANZIA DI GESÙ.

6. S. ANCELLE DEL SANTUARIO (Rome): V. ANNECLLE DEL SANTUARIO.

7. S. ANGELICHE (Milan): V. ANGELICHE DI SAN PAOLO. PAOLO.

8. S. ARMENE DELL’IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE (Rome). — Founded in 1847 in Constantinople by Miss Hagianndonian Serpuhi. Purpose: education of poor Armenian girls in colleges, orphanages, elementary and secondary schools. During the Turkish persecution of Armenians in 1915–18, many houses were destroyed and many sisters martyred or deported. In 1922 they were welcomed by Pius XI with 480 orphans at Castel Gandolfo, where the generalate was also transferred. Decree of praise in 1847; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1932. They number 150 sisters in 28 houses in Italy, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, and Iraq (cf. Servizio informaz. della Chiesa orient., 11 [1947], fol. 6–7; Arch. d. Casa gener.).

9. S. AUSILIATRICI DELLE ANIME PURGANTI (Paris): V. AUSILIATRICI DELLE ANIME PURGANTI.

10. S. BENEDETTINE DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA (Voghera):

V. BENEDETTINE DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA

Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1936, definitive in 1943. They number 508 sisters in 68 houses in Italy and Brazil. Generalate in Voghera (Arch. d. Casa gener.; anon., Un cammino di cento anni. Celebras. centen. 1949, Pavia 1949).

11. S. BETLEMITE DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ (Bogotá): V. BETLEMITI.

12. S. BIGIE (GRAUEN) DI SANTA ELISABETTA (Breslau). — So called from the color of their habit. Founded in Neisse (Upper Silesia) in 1842 by four young ladies: Clara Wolff, Mathilde and Maria Merket, and Franziska Werner. Purpose: care of the sick at home and in hospitals and clinics, homes for the elderly, day nurseries and kindergartens for children, schools. Decree of praise in 1871; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1898, definitive in 1924. They number 4,500 sisters in 481 houses (cf. O. Cohausz, Die Kongregat. der grauen Schwester von der hl. Elisabeth, zum 80 Jahr. Bestehen [1842–1922], Breslau 1922; M. Heimbucher, Die Orden u. Kongreg. II, Paderborn 1934, pp. 481–83).

13. S. CELESTINE (Meaux). — Founded in 1839 at Provins (diocese of Meaux) by Verrina Chantal. Purpose: education of girls, care of poor sick, soup kitchens. Decree of praise in 1902 (Arch. d. S. Congr. di Relig., M. 72).

14. S. CIECHE DI SAN PAOLO (Paris). — Founded in Paris in 1852 by A. F. Villemain, Anna Bergunion, and Abbot Juge. Purpose: assistance to the blind in hospitals, residences, workshops, and orphanages. Some of the sisters themselves are blind. Decree of praise in 1876; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1937, definitive in 1948. They number about 100 sisters (cf. anon., La Congrég. des Sœurs aveugles de St-Paul pendant son premier demi-siècle, Paris 1903).

15. S. CLARISSE FRANCESCANE. MISSIONE DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO DI BERTINORO (Rome). — Founded in 1898 at Bertinoro by the Venerable Mother M. C. Serafina di Gesù (in the world Francesca Farolfi). Purpose: education of young women, with preference for the poorest and most abandoned girls; care of the sick in hospitals, clinics, and sanatoria. Definitive approval in 1907. They number 885 sisters in 80 houses in Italy and abroad. Generalate in Rome (cf. L. Cambise, Mondo cattolico, Roma 1952, p. 270).

16. S. COMPASSIONISTE SERVE DI MARIA (Castellammare di Stabia): V. PASSIONISTE, SUORE, SERVE DI MARIA.

17. S. CROCIFISSE ADORATRICI DI GESÙ SACRAMENTATO (Naples): V. CROCIFISSE ADORATRICI DI GESÙ SACRAMENTATO.

18. S. DEGLI ANGELI (Faicchio, Cerreto Sannita). — Founded in 1891 at Casola (diocese of Caserta) by Clotilde Micheli (in religion: Sister M. Serafina del S. Cuore). Purpose: instruction and education of girls and care of the sick. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1928, definitive in 1936. They number 387 sisters in 60 houses in Italy. Generalate in Naples (Arch. d. Casa gener.).

19. S. DEGLI ANGELI (Vilnius). — Founded in Vilnius by a diocesan priest. Purpose: to assist in catechetical instruction, prepare the dying to receive the Sacraments, spread good literature, and instruct young women. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1913, definitive in 1921. Their number is unknown after the Second World War (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., V, 74).

20. S. DEGLI ANGELI CUSTODI (Vitoria). — Founded in 1894 at Bilbao (diocese of Vitoria) by Raffaella Ibarra de Villalonga. Purpose: to gather fallen or at-risk young women and care for them in special colleges. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1929, definitive in 1940. They number 349 sisters in 20 houses (Archivio d. S. Congr. d. Relig., V, 75).

21. S. DEI MALATI DI SAINT-MAURIA (St-Flour): V. PICCOLE SUORE DEI MALATI DI ST-MAURIA.

22. S. DEI POVERI (Zamora). — Founded in Zamora (Mexico) in 1884 by Margaret Jones. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1907; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1931, definitive in 1939. They number 144 sisters in 17 houses, all in Mexico (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., L, 2).

23. S. DEI POVERI (Rennes): V. PICCOLE SUORE DEI POVERI.

24. S. DEI POVERI DI MAIQUETIA (Caracas): V. PICCOLE SUORE DEI POVERI.

25. S. DEI SACRI CUORI DI GESÙ E DI MARIA (Brentwood). — Congregation formed by the English houses of the “Serve del Cuore di Gesù” (q.v.), which in 1902 became an independent institute at Chigwell (diocese of Brentwood) under the present name. Purpose: care of orphans and mentally deficient children; management of hospitals and refuges for penitent women. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1927, definitive in 1936. They number 315 sisters in 29 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., B, 197).

26. S. DEI SACRI CUORI DI GESÙ E MARIA (Rennes). — Founded at Paramé (diocese of Rennes) in 1853 by Amelia Virginia Fristel. Purpose: they run homes for the elderly, hospitals, and parish schools. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1930, definitive in 1948. They number 550 sisters in 100 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., R, 53).

27. SISTERS OF THE HOLY NAMES OF JESUS AND MARY (Outremont, Canada)

Founded in 1843 at Longueuil (diocese of Montréal) by Eulalia Durocher, Melodia Dufresne, and Henrietta Léré. Purpose: education of youth. Decree of praise in 1863; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1886, definitive in 1925. They have 228 houses with 3,735 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 16).

28. LITTLE SISTERS OF THE ELDERLY ABANDONED (Valencia)

Founded at Barbastro in 1872 by the Servant of God Teresa of Jesus Jorenet Ibars. The following year the motherhouse was transferred to Valencia. Purpose: moral and material assistance to abandoned elderly persons. Decree of praise in 1876; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1887, definitive in 1897. They have 452 sisters in 22 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, V, 47).

29. SISTERS OF THE "RETREAT" OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS (Angers)

Founded in 1682 at Quimper (diocese of Rennes) by Teresa de Kermens. Purpose: to promote special retreats for women. Dispersed by the French Revolution, they resumed in 1820, adding also the educational activity of girls in schools, boarding schools, patronages, etc. In 1907 the Sisters of Quimper united with the Sisters of the Society of Mary of Angers, founded in 1662 by the Venerable Catherine de Francheville. The new Institute received temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1909, definitive in 1926. They have 556 sisters in 70 houses. Generalate at Angers (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, Q, 1).

30. SISTERS OF TOUR PITRAT (Lyon): V. SISTERS OF ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI OF TOUR PITRAT.

31. SISTERS OF THE CHILD JESUS (Le Puy)

Founded at Aiguille (diocese of Le-Puy-en-Velay) in 1667 by Anne Marie Martel, who in 1776 took the name of "Les demoiselles de l’instruction" and later that of "Sisters of Instruction." Purpose: intellectual and moral formation of girls of every social class. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1867, definitive in 1931. They have 47 houses with 550 sisters (cf. M. Douglas, Les Soeurs de l’Instruction, Paris 1865).

32. SISTERS OF THE CHILD JESUS (Rome)

Founded in 1846 at Derby (England) by Mrs. Cornelia Connelly, an American convert from Protestantism in 1835. Purpose: education and instruction of girls of every social class in colleges, boarding schools, orphanages, according to every grade of school; instruction of converts and visits to the poor and sick. Decree of praise in 1887; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1893. They have 40 houses with 747 sisters (cf. M. Mary St. Peter, Holy Child Jesus Society, in Cath. Enc., VII, p. 400).

33. SISTERS OF THE CHILD JESUS OF CHAUFFAILLES (Autun)

A group separated in 1846 under the direction of Sister Augustine (Reine Antier) from the aforementioned Society of the "Demoiselles de l’Instruction," which settled at Chauffailles and became an autonomous Institute in 1859. Purpose: education of girls with schools, boarding schools, orphanages, workshops; care of the poor and sick in hospitals and shelters. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1921, definitive in 1931. They have 34 houses with 281 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, A, 48).

34. SISTERS OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD (Milan)

Founded at Milan in 1845 by Fr. Luigi Speroni, Oblate of St. Charles, and Carolina del Carretto. Purpose: to receive and educate wayward girls. Decree of praise in 1852; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1859, definitive in 1912. They have 4 houses with 50 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 8).

35. SISTERS OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD (Pittsburg): V. SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF CHARITY OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD.

36. SISTERS OF THE GOOD SAVIOUR (Bayeux)

Founded at Caen in 1720 by Anne Leroy. Dispersed by the French Revolution, they regrouped in 1820 through the efforts of Fr. Jamet (v.). Purpose: education of girls, parish catechesis, care of the deaf-mute, etc. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1913, definitive in 1928. They have 500 sisters in 12 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 84).

37. SISTERS OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN (Sydney)

Founded in 1857 at Sydney (Australia) by Bp. Spalding, first bishop of the city. Purpose: care of wayward women and the sick, instruction and education of children. Decree of praise in 1903; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1920, definitive in 1932. They have 68 houses with more than 600 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, S, 32).

38. SISTERS OF GOOD HELP (Paris)

Founded at Paris in 1872 by Archbishop Msgr. de Quélen. Purpose: home and clinic care of the sick; youth work: patronages, workshops, schools, shelters, etc. Decree of praise in 1875; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1877, definitive in 1933. They have 579 sisters in 35 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, P, 18).

39. SISTERS OF THE APOSTOLIC CARMEL (Mangalore)

A branch separated from the Apostolic Carmel of Bayonne, established at Mangalore (India) in 1870 and transformed into an independent Congregation, aggregated to the Order of Discalced Carmelites in 1921. Purpose: education of youth. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1926, definitive in 1949. They have 620 sisters in 44 houses (Arch. of the Propagation of the Faith, file no. 2136-2149).

40. SISTERS OF THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY, also called SERVANTS OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD OF QUÉBEC

Founded at Québec in 1850 by G. Manly Muir, secretary of the Conference of St. Vincent, as a society of pious women dedicated to the conversion and rehabilitation of penitents and those in danger; erected as a religious Congregation in 1856. Decree of praise in 1880; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1918; definitive in 1921. They have 82 houses with 1,152 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, Q, 3).

41. SISTERS OF THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS (Częstochowa). — Founded at Zakroczym (diocese of Płock, Poland) in 1888 by Fr. Onorato, Capuchin, and soon transferred to Nowe Miasto (diocese of Częstochowa). Purpose: to foster Christian life among the working class, home care of the sick, instruction and education of girls. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1929, definitive in 1938. They have 35 houses with 268 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, V, 76).

42. SISTERS OF DIVINE LOVE (Rome)

Founded by a sister from the dispersed monastery of Montefiascone, who took refuge in Rome; approved by the Cardinal Vicar in 1828 and erected as an independent Institute in 1908. Purpose: education of young women; workshops, kindergartens, schools, spiritual exercises, and preparation for First Communion. Temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1908, definitive in 1916. They have 22 houses with more than 200 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, R, 31).

43. SISTERS OF THE DIVINE MASTER AND OUR LADY OF MERCY (Buenos Aires)

Founded in 1887 at Buenos Aires (Argentina) by Bp. Antonio Rasore and Sofia Bunge. Purpose: instruction of youth in schools, kindergartens, boarding schools. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1950. They have 12 houses with about 130 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 142).

principle of the “soup of the poor and the little schools,” they grew remarkably in number and in houses throughout Europe, France, Switzerland, and Italy. In 1810 they were offered by Letizia Bonaparte in Naples the house of Regina Coeli, which soon became a center of great expansion; in 1844 they were called by Gregory XVI to the islands of the Ionian Sea. Their purpose: assistance in civil and military hospitals for all illnesses; in lunatic asylums, orphanages, and day nurseries; education of youth through schools of every grade. Decree of praise and approval of the Constitutions in 1819. They number 8,000 sisters in 830 houses, divided into 6 religious provinces in Italy, Europe, America, and the missions of Laos and Indochina. Generalate in Rome (cf. F. Trochu, *S. Giovanna Antida Thouret*, Italian version, Rome 1934).

54. **S. DELLA CARITÀ (St Hyacinth)**: *V. S. DELLA CARITÀ*, vulgo *S. GRIGIE*.

55. **S. DELLA CARITÀ (Daughters of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception) (Paderborn)**: — Founded in 1849 at Paderborn by Pauline von Mallinckrodt. Purpose: assistance and instruction for the blind and Christian education of youth. Decree of praise in 1859, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1888. They number 2,500 sisters (cf. M. E. Pietromarchi, *M. Paolina di Mallinckrodt, fondatrice delle S. della carità cristiana*, Rome 1951).

56. **S. DELLA CARITÀ Cristiana Daughters of the Precious Blood (Ruremonde)**: — Founded at Sittard (Holland) in 1862 by Maria Serafina Spickermans. Purpose: Christian education of girls and, in part, care for the sick. Pontifical approval in 1890. They number 273 sisters.

57. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of the Blessed Virgin of Mercy (Mercedarian Sisters of Charity) (Madrid)**: — Founded at Málaga (Spain) in 1878 by Juan Nepomuceno Zegri y Moreno. Purpose: instruction of girls and charitable works. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1900, definitive in 1901. They number 1,150 sisters in 113 houses in Italy, Spain, and Latin America. Generalate in Madrid (*Arch. d. Casa gener.*).

58. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Sydney)**: — Initially founded in Dublin in 1831 by five Irish ladies who, in a spirit of sacrifice, left their homeland and chose Philadelphia (United States) as their field of work. Welcomed by Fr T. J. Donnughoe, they engaged in parochial works, formed themselves into a religious community, and from him, considered as their founder, received their Constitutions and their present name. Purpose: education of youth and assistance in parochial works. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1871, definitive in 1885. They number 1,900 sisters in 150 houses. Generalate in Dubuque (Iowa) (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, D, 8; M. C. Dougherty, *Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary*, in *Cath. Enc.*, III, p. 609).

59. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of the Mercy of St Vincent de Paul (Vienna)**: — Founded in Vienna in 1833 by the Empress of Austria Carolina Augusta as a special institution of Austria. Purpose: care of children and poor sick, including home care. Approval in 1835. They number 48 houses with 947 sisters (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, V, 60).

60. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Tours)**: — Founded at Joinville (France) in 1684 by the Venerable Marie Poussepin. Purpose: education of youth and charitable activities: hospitals, clinics, day nurseries, homes for the elderly, leper hospitals, etc. Decree of praise in 1885, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1887, definitive in 1928. They number 3,500 sisters in 360 houses (cf. A. Reimbert, *Guide de vocation religieuse*, II, Paris 1924, pp. 403–408).

61. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of the Teutonic Order (Vienna)**: — Founded in 1299 at Kunitz (near Bern). Of the many other houses of the Teutonic Order, none survived the secularization imposed on them in 1803. The Order was revived in 1841 by Archduke Maximilian Joseph of Austria-Este. Purpose: care of the sick and instruction of girls in schools and institutes. They number 552 sisters (cf. M. Heimbucher, *Die Orden und Kongregationen*, I, 3rd ed., Paderborn 1933, p. 614).

62. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of the Incarnate Word (St Anthony)**: — Originally founded in 1624 by Jeanne Chezard de Matel, reconstituted after the French Revolution, transplanted to Mexico, and erected as a new Congregation under the present name. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick. They number 1,500 sisters in 72 houses (cf. anon., *L’Ordre du Verbe Incarné et du St Sacrement*, Fribourg in Br. 1929).

63. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of Jesus and Mary (Ghent)**: — Founded in 1803 at Lovendeghem by Fr Peter Joseph Triest. Purpose: care of the sick, orphans, and those in need of every kind; instruction in schools, colleges, and boarding schools in Europe, the Congo, and India. Definitive pontifical approval in 1816. They number 1,900 sisters (cf. M. Heimbucher, *Die Orden und Kongregationen*, II, Paderborn 1934, p. 504).

64. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of Nazareth (Louisville)**: — Founded in 1812 at Louisville (Kentucky, United States) by Fr John David. Purpose: care of the sick in hospitals and infirmaries, education of girls in schools of every grade, colleges, and academies. Definitively approved in 1910. They number 1,198 sisters (M. Menard, *Nazareth, Sisters of Charity of*, in *Cath. Enc.*, X, pp. 724–25).

65. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of Our Lady of Evron (Laval)**: — Founded at Chapelle-au-Riboul (diocese of Mans) in 1682 by Perrine Brulet, widow Thulard. Purpose: education of youth, assistance to the poor and elderly in orphanages, poorhouses, refuges, and to the sick in hospitals and at home. At the beginning of the French Revolution they had 89 houses. Napoleon I gave them as their generalate the Benedictine convent of Evron (diocese of Laval), later transferred to Laval. They number 810 sisters in 114 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, L, 37).

66. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of St Charles (Nancy)**: — Founded in 1652 at Nancy by Emmanuel Chauvenel, lord of Xoudailles, to carry out the will of his son Joseph, who had died in 1651 a victim of his charity toward plague victims. Co-foundress was Barbe Thouvenin. Purpose: assistance to the poor and sick in hospitals and at home; education of abandoned children, re-education of the handicapped, assistance in lunatic asylums, prisons, homes for the elderly, blind, etc. Apostolic approval in 1859, confirmed in 1892; approval of the Constitutions in 1924. They number 110 houses with 1,092 sisters (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, N, 11; various authors, *Bilder aus der Geschichte der katholischen Charitas*, Trier 1900).

67. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of St Louis (Vannes)**: — Founded at Vannes in 1803 by Mme Molé de Champlâtreux. Purpose: instruction of youth; later also care of the sick in hospitals. Approval of the Constitutions in 1840. They number 1,071 sisters in 100 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, V, 61).

68. **S. DELLA CARITÀ of St Anne (Saragossa)**: — Founded at Saragossa in 1805 by María Rafols, initially as a religious association, gathering under her direction companions who assisted her in the service of the hospital of Nuestra Señora de Gracia, and then in 1825 as a religious institute with vows. They number 1,404 sisters.

69. **S. DELLA CARITÀ and of Mercy (Hildesheim)**: — In 1852 Bishop Eduard Jakob Wedekind called to Hildesheim a group of sisters of St Vincent de Paul from the house at Paderborn, who in 1857 constituted themselves as an autonomous Congregation. Purpose: education of youth. Definitive approval in 1886. They number 603 sisters in 58 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, I, 2).

70. **S. DELLA CARITÀ and of Christian Instruction (Nevers)**: — Founded in 1680 at St-Saulge (France) by the Benedictine Dom de Laveryne. Purpose: charitable works toward one’s neighbor through poorhouses, boarding schools, day nurseries, schools of every grade, hospitals, clinics, sanatoria, etc. Decree

lode in 1852, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1870, definitive in 1883. There are 1,164 sisters in 51 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, N, 5).

71. S. DELLA CARITÀ E DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO, called DI MONTORE (Bourges): *v.* S. DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO E DELLA CARITÀ.

72. S. DELLA CARITÀ OSPITALIERE DI S. PAOLO (Birmingham). — A group of Hospitaller Sisters of St Paul of Chartres, who moved to the diocese of Birmingham in 1847 at the invitation of Cardinal Wiseman, later becoming an autonomous Institute. They number 671 sisters.

73. S. DELLA CARITÀ, commonly called S. GRIGIE (Montréal). — Founded in 1737 at Montréal (Canada) by the Venerable Mother Marie Du Frost de La Jammerais, widow of Youville. Purpose: charitable and educational activities. Civil approval on 3 June 1753 and canonical approval on 15 June 1755. From this foundation six independent branches have separated, though they tend to reunite with the Mother House in Montréal: SOEURS GRISES DE ST-HYACINTHE (1840), SOEURS GRISES DE LA CROIX DE OTTAWA (1845); S. DELLA CARITÀ DI QUÉBEC (1848); SOEURS GRISES DE NICOLET (1886); reunited in Montréal in 1941; GREY NUNS OF THE SACRED HEART of Philadelphia (United States, 1920); GREY SISTERS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION of Pembroke (Ontario, Canada, 1926). Altogether they number about 7,000 sisters spread through central North America, Africa and China (*cf.* P. Helyot, *Dict. des Ordres religieux*, IV, Paris 1859, cols. 1410-14; M. E. Ward, *Grey Nuns*, in *Cath. Enc.*, VII (1913), pp. 31-32 and bibliography under the heading DU FROST DE LA JAMMERAI).

74. S. DELLA CASA DI MARIA (St James). — Founded at San Giacomo del Cile in 1870 by Fr Biagio Carras. Purpose: to receive and assist abandoned girls and women. Definitive approval of the Institute and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1929. There are 55 sisters in 6 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, G, 16).

75. S. DELLA COMPAGNIA DI SANTA TERESA DI GESÙ (Barcelona). — Founded in Barcelona in 1876 by Fr Enrico de Ossó y Cervelló. Purpose: education and instruction of girls. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1888, definitive in 1908; updated to the 1917 Code in 1925 and 1938. There are 72 houses with over 1,000 sisters (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, T, 28).

76. S. DELLA CONGREGAZIONE DI SAN DOMENICO (Granada). — Founded in Granada in 1815 by Sr Teresa (Titos). Originally a beaterio of Tertiary Sisters of St Dominic, founded in 1539, it changed from a contemplative to an active life because of the circumstances of the time. Purpose: education of youth in schools and colleges. Approval by the Holy See in 1931. There are 118 sisters in 9 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, G, 57).

77. S. DELLA CROCE (Annecy). — Founded in 1838 at Chavano (diocese of Annecy) by Claudine Echermier. Purpose: instruction and education of youth, care of the sick in hospitals and private homes, missionary work, domestic services in seminaries and ecclesiastical colleges. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1924, definitive in 1932. There are 77 houses with about 500 sisters (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, A, 64).

78. S. DELLA CROCE (Seville). — Founded in Seville in 1875 by Fr Giuseppe De Fornes Povitta. Purpose: care of the sick at home and of orphans, day and evening schools. Decree of praise in 1891. There are 450 sisters in 35 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, S, 19).

79. S. DELLA CROCE (Strasbourg). — Founded in 1848 at Neudorf by Adèle de Glanbitz. Purpose: care of the blind, deaf-mutes and epileptics in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1932. There are 85 houses with 738 sisters (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, S, 55).

80. S. DELLA CROCE DEL S.MO CUORE DI GESÙ (Mexico). — Founded in Mexico in 1897 by Sr Anna del S. Cuore. Purpose: reparation for offences against the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Decree of praise in 1910. There are 18 houses with 187 sisters (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, M, 94).

81. S. DELL’ADDOLORATA O S. DELLA MADRE DOLOROSA (Rome). — Founded in Rome in 1883 by Mother Francesca (Amelia) Streitel under the name ‘Catholic Institute of Teaching’, changed to the present title in 1885. Purpose: instruction of girls; care of the sick in hospitals, refuges and at home. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1899, definitive in 1911. There are 904 sisters in 69 houses in Italy, the United States, Germany and Austria. Generalate in Rome (*Arch. of the Generalate; A. Reichert, La serva di Dio m. Francesca Streitel, Rome 1946*).

82. S. DELL’ADDOLORATA SERVE DI MARIA (Nocera de’ Pagani). — Founded in 1872 at Nocera Superiore by Sr Maria Consiglio dello Spirito Santo. Purpose: to receive and educate orphan girls. Decree of praise in 1950; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1951. There are 6 houses with about 200 sisters (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, N, 47).

83. S. DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA (Indianapolis). — A colony of 6 Sisters of Providence (founded at Ruillé-sur-Loire in 1806 by Fr Jacques-François Dujarié) who moved in 1840, under the guidance of Mother Théodore Guérin, into the territory of the State of Indiana (United States); augmented by new arrivals and local recruits, they became an independent Congregation. Purpose: instruction in parish schools and academies. Definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1887. There are 1,295 sisters (*Sr M. Theodosia, Sisters of Providence, St Mary-of-the-Woods, in Cath. Enc., XII, pp. 507-508*).

84. S. DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA (Lviv). — Founded in 1854 at Lviv by Archbishop Luka Baranicki. Purpose: education of abandoned families. Decree of praise in 1867. There are about 85 sisters in 15 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, L, 52).

85. S. DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA (Mainz). — Founded in 1852 at Flörchen (diocese of Mainz) by Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1923. There are 1,474 sisters in 295 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, M, 40).

86. S. DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA (San Antonio, Texas). — Organised in 1930 as an auxiliary group of the house of Our Lady of Divine Providence in Houston under Mother Marie-Philothée Thiry. Purpose: instruction and education of youth. Approval of the Institute and of the Constitutions in 1939. There are 725 sisters in 82 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, A, 42).

87. S. DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA (Strasbourg). — Founded in 1783 at Molsheim (diocese of Strasbourg) by Fr Kremp. Purpose: religious instruction of families. Approval of the Institute in 1869; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1909, definitive in 1928. There are 1,094 sisters in 304 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, S, 11).

88. S. DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA (Alessandria): *v.* PICCOLE SUORE DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA.

89. S. DELLA DIVINA VOLONTÀ (Bassano, Vicenza). — Founded at Bassano del Grappa in 1873 by Gaetana Sterni. Purpose: care of the sick at home, in clinics and hospitals. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1934, definitive in 1942. There are 400 sisters in 60 houses, all in Italy. Generalate in Bassano (Arch. of the Generalate).

90. S. DELL'ADORAZIONE PERPETUA DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ (Lyon). — Founded at Grandris (archdiocese of Lyon) in 1821. Purpose: reparation for outrages against Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament and apostolate of instruction and education of youth. Decree of praise in 1877, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1900 and adaptation to the 1917 Code in 1929. There are 120 sisters in 4 monasteries (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, L, 36).

91. SISTERS OF PERPETUAL ADORATION OF THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT, ASSIGNED TO THE WORKS OF POOR CHURCHES (Males)

Founded in Brussels in 1857 by Anna de Meeus, developing from a pre-existing association to provide for the needs of poor churches. Purpose: perpetual adoration, retreats, provision for poor churches. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1867, definitive in 1872. There are 257 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 20).

92. SISTERS OF PERPETUAL ADORATION OF THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY OF GUADALUPE (Mexican)

Founded in Mexico City in 1808 by Maria Maddalena dell'Incarnazione. Purpose: perpetual adoration of the Most Holy Sacrament; charitable works for the sick poor. Decree of praise in 1818; approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1828. There are 311 sisters in 15 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 106).

94. SISTERS OF REPARATIVE ADORATION (Paris)

Founded in Paris in 1848 by Teodolinda Dubouche (in religion Mother Maria Teresa). Purpose: contemplative life, assiduous prayer for the Church, perpetual adoration of the Most Holy Sacrament in reparation for the injuries against II. Temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1885, definitive in 1930. There are 10 houses with 300 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, P, 10; Mons. d'Hulst, Vie de mère Marie Thérèse Dubouche, Paris 1886).

95. SISTERS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE (Bordeaux)

Founded in 1835 in Bordeaux by Abbé Supre under the title of "Christian Association," which in 1838 became the current one. Purpose: education of children and young women, care of the sick and elderly in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise in 1855; approval of the Institute in 1875, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1947. There are 116 sisters in 30 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 9).

96. SISTERS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE (Nancy)

Founded ca. 1700 in Toul by Canon Vatelot under the title of "Sisters of the Little Schools of Charity," changed to the current one in 1929. Purpose: teaching, care of the sick in hospitals and at home, social works, missions. Decree of praise in 1886; definitive approval of the Institute and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1912, definitive in 1929. There are 2,064 sisters in 321 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, N, 17).

97. SISTERS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE (Seville)

Founded in Seville in 1878 by Fr. Francesco Garcia Fejero. Purpose: instruction and education of youth and teaching catechism in parishes. Decree of praise in 1913; approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1926. There are 119 sisters in 15 houses, all in Spain (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, S, 29).

98. SISTERS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE, known as OF THE HOLY CHILDHOOD (Digne)

Founded in Manosque (diocese of Digne) in 1836 by a group of pious women under the guidance of the parish priest. Purpose: care of the sick at home and in care facilities. Decree of praise in 1887; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1896, definitive in 1911. There are 123 sisters in 22 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, D, 4).

99. SISTERS OF THE FAITH (Dublin)

Founded in Dublin in 1857 by Miss Aulward and a group of ladies as a "charitable association," later transformed into a religious congregation in 1860. Purpose: to shelter orphans and abandoned children in danger due to parental neglect or Protestant proselytism. Decree of praise in 1897, definitive approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1902 (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, D, 5).

100. SISTERS OF THE AGONY OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST (Albi)

Founded in Albi in 1868 by the Lazarist A. I. Nicolle. Purpose: apostolate for the dying, education of children in catechesis, workshops, oratories, orphanages, etc. Decree of praise in 1870; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1934. There are 182 sisters in 26 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, A, 26).

101. SISTERS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD (Tournai)

Founded in the 17th century by J. J. Olier. Dispersed by the Revolution of 1789, they were revived by Sister Maria M. de Lezeau with some survivors. Purpose: instruction of youth. Decree of praise in 1869; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1880, definitive in 1903. There are 8 houses with 150 sisters (A. Raimbert, Guide de vocation relig., II, Paris 1924, pp. 409-12).

102. SISTERS OF THE MOTHER OF SORROWS (Rome): V. SISTERS OF THE SORROWFUL MOTHER.

103. SISTERS OF MERCY (Dublin)

Founded in Dublin in 1831 by Mother Mary Catherine McAuley. Purpose: education of abandoned youth, care of the sick, rehabilitation of fallen women, protection of those in danger. Decree of praise in 1835, approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1841. The Institute is now divided into many distinct and autonomous Congregations, all tracing their direct or indirect origin to the original Dublin foundation, arising either from the merger of existing houses or from sisters sent elsewhere for new foundations. The various Congregations arose in ARDAGH (1920) with, now, 28 sisters; AUCKLAND (1923) with 155 sisters; BALTIMORE (1929) with 5,504 sisters; BATHURST (1908) with 162 sisters; BORDEAUX (1880) with 37 sisters; DROMORE (1878) with 53 sisters; DUNEDIN (1890) with 89 sisters; GLASGOW (1903) with 36 sisters; GOULBURN (1831) with 272 sisters; KILMORE (1915) with 60 sisters; MAITLAND (1831) with 171 sisters; MELBOURNE (1906) with 411 sisters; MONTREAL (1845) with 345 sisters; PITTSBURGH (1831) with 418 sisters; SAN FRANCISCO (1854) with 321 sisters; SAINT JOHN OF NEWFOUNDLAND (1915) with 157 sisters; TRANSVAAL (1913) with 39 sisters (cf. anon., Mother Mary Catherine McAuley, Chicago 1926; Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, D, 12; S, 52, C).

104. SISTERS OF MERCY (Séez)

Founded in 1823 in Séez by Fr. Giovanni Bazin. Purpose: charitable works for the sick poor and abandoned children. Approval by the Holy See in 1943. There are 80 sisters in 50 houses (cf. L. Grenet, Au service des membres souffrants du Christ, Montlingen 1946; D. Aubry, Un bienfaiteur de l'humanité, Coutances 1949).

105. SISTERS OF MERCY (Dijon)

Following the model of the Sisters of Mercy founded in 1607 in Louviers (diocese of Dijon), many other autonomous Institutes of the same name arose in the 18th and 19th centuries, all dedicated to the instruction of girls and the care of the sick: SISTERS OF MERCY OF PÉRIGUEUX (1747); OF MOISSAC (1804); OF BILLON (1806); OF PARAMATTA (Sydney 1888). Others added different qualifications to the common name: SISTERS OF MERCY OF JESUS (Isigny 1644; Tréguier, 1654; Eu, 1655; Château-Gontier 1655); SISTERS OF MERCY OF THE HOLY HEART OF MARY (Blon 1842); SISTERS OF MERCY OF SAINT VINCENT DE PAUL (Paderborn 1842, with, now, 2,021 sisters).

106. SISTERS OF MERCY OF THE THIRD ORDER OF SAINT FRANCIS (Luxembourg)

Founded in 1847 in Luxembourg by Mrs. Dufaing d'Aigremont. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick, especially the poor, in hospitals and at home; management of orphanages. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1912. There are 567 sisters in 44 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 58).

107. SISTERS OF MERCY OF THE THIRD ORDER OF SAINT FRANCIS (Olomouc)

Founded in Opava (diocese of Olomouc) in 1884. Purpose: care of the sick in hospitals and at home, management of orphanages, education of youth. Decree of praise and approval of the Institute in 1912. There are 805 sisters in 36 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, O, 8).

108. **SISTERS OF MERCY OF ST CHARLES BORROMEO** — These are a branch of the Sisters of Charity of St Charles Borromeo of Nancy, founded in 1652 for the care of the sick. The houses existing in the diocese of Prague, where they had been invited by Archbishop Luigi Giuseppe von Schrenk, were constituted as an autonomous Congregation in 1837, and now number 1,282 sisters in 128 houses. The houses in the diocese of Breslau, where they had been invited by Cardinal Archbishop Melchior von Diepenbrock, were erected as an autonomous Congregation in 1857 and now number 3,154 sisters in 289 houses. The houses in the diocese of Trier, where the Sisters of Nancy had been invited in 1811, became an autonomous Congregation in 1872; they now number 1,390 sisters in 66 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, B, 11).

109. **SISTERS OF MERCY, DAUGHTERS OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY (Satu Mare)** — Founded in 1837 at Satu Mare (Hungary) by Monsignor Ham. Purpose: care of the sick in hospitals and at home; education of children in schools and orphanages. Approved in 1835. They number 1,200 sisters in 84 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, S, 65).

110. **HOSPITALLER SISTERS OF MERCY (Rome)** — Founded in 1821 by Princess Teresa Orsini Doria of the Dukes of Gravina. Purpose: care of the sick. They began their apostolate in the hospital of St John Lateran and later in the hospital of St Gallicano. In 1934 they inaugurated a professional school-convent for religious nurses at the hospital of St John. Definitive approval in 1827. They number 12 houses, all in Italy.

111. **SISTERS OF THE LOVE OF GOD (Zamora)** — Founded in 1864 at Zamora by Canon Girolamo Mariano Usera y Alarcon. Purpose: teaching children, assisting poor sick and elderly, service in seminaries and ecclesiastical colleges. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1938. They number about 300 sisters in 20 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, Z, 74).

112. **SISTERS OF THE NATIVITY OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN (Versailles)** — Founded in 1818 by Anne Périer. Purpose: instruction of girls. They now number 66 sisters.

113. **SISTERS OF THE NATIVITY OF OUR LORD OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Barcelona)** — Originally an “Association of Ladies,” founded in Barcelona in 1731 by Dr. Dender to distribute soup to the sick in hospitals; later to serve the sick at home. In 1856 the association was constituted as a religious Institute, aggregated in 1907 to the Franciscan Order. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1909. They number 238 sisters in 25 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, B, 75).

114. **SISTERS OF THE NATIVITY OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST (Ventimiglia)** — Founded in 1813 at Crest (diocese of Valence, France) by Fr. Bartholomew Enfantin and Jeanne de Croquoison de la Cour de Fiel. Purpose: education of girls of all social classes, but especially the poor, through kindergartens, colleges, orphanages, workshops, etc. Decree of praise in 1855, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1874, definitive in 1888, revised according to the *Codex Iuris Canonici* in 1933. They number 200 sisters in 12 houses in Italy, France, and England. The Generalate is at Ventimiglia (*Arch. d. Casa gener.*).

115. **SISTERS OF THE GUARDIAN ANGEL (Madrid)** — Founded at Tuillan (diocese of Carcassonne) in 1839 by Fr. Luigi Ormères. Purpose: education of girls, especially of the working class, care of poor sick at home and in hospitals. Decree of praise in 1895; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1934, definitive in 1942. They number 321 sisters in 30 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, M, 58).

116. **SISTERS OF PENANCE OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Pasto)** — Originating from the monastery of the Franciscan Tertiaries of Altstetten, invited by the Bishop of Portoviejo in Ecuador, then transferred to Colombia, becoming an active order. Purpose: perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, education of young women, care of the sick in hospitals. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1922. They number 340 sisters in 35 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, P, 81).

117. **SISTERS OF PENANCE AND CHRISTIAN CHARITY OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Roermond)** — Founded in 1835 at Heythuisen (near Roermond) by Catherine Daemen (in religion Sister Maddalena). Purpose: instruction of girls, management of orphanages, etc. Approval of the Constitutions in 1869. They number 4,093 sisters.

118. **SISTERS OF CATHOLIC APOSTOLATE (Pallottines)** — A title applied to various Institutes established according to the needs of places and times, which follow more or less faithfully the rules laid down by Bl. PALLOTTA, ANTONIO (v.). Some are congregations, others secular institutes. The two main congregations are:

1. **Roman Branch** — Founded in 1843 at Rome by Bl. Pallotti. Until 1905 it was a congregation without vows. Purpose: education of young women, cooperation with Catholic Action, charitable works. It is spread throughout Italy, the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. They number 426 sisters in 53 houses (*IM. Raimondi*). The Congregation of the Sisters of the Catholic Apostolate...

1543

**SISTERS — Generalate of the Sisters of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ — Rome.**

2. **Limburg Branch** — Established at Limburg (Germany) in 1895 as an exclusively missionary Congregation. Spread throughout Central Europe, England, the United States, British Honduras, and South Africa. They number 572 sisters in 66 houses (cf. anon., *Von Leben und Wirken... der Pallottinerinnen*, Limburg 1930; id., *In den Spuren des Meisters*, ibid. 1936).

119. **SISTERS OF THE APOSTOLATE OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS, known as SISTERS OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS OF HAVANA (Havana)** — Founded in Havana (Cuba) in 1891 by five zealous promoters of the Apostleship of Prayer. Purpose: education of youth and propagation of devotion to the Sacred Heart. Decree of praise in 1908, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1912. They number 150 sisters in 11 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, A, 35).

120. **SISTERS OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN** — Originated in Cork (Ireland) in 1775 through the work of Nano (Honora) Nagle. Purpose: care of poor and abandoned youth through schools and orphanages. Pius VII approved the Institute in 1791; in 1800 the Constitutions were approved and the Institute was elevated to a Regular Order with solemn vows and papal enclosure. Temporary approval of the new Constitutions in 1924, definitive in 1934. Over time, houses in other regions separated from the original foundation and formed new independent institutions with their own Superior Generals: Kildare (1932) with 183 sisters in 16 houses; Madras (1921) with 121 sisters and 12 houses; Dubuque (1875) with 167 sisters and 70 houses; Kerrville (1932) with 237 sisters; Melbourne (1889) with 235 sisters and 12 houses; St. Francisco (1888) with 147 sisters and 12 houses; Sioux Falls (1890) with 235 sisters and 28 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, D, 11).

121. **SISTERS OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN — Maria (Viviers)** — Founded in 1796 at Montpéza by Marie Rivier. Purpose: teaching and other works of spiritual and material assistance. Decree of praise in 1836. Generalate at Bourg-St-Andéol (diocese of Viviers). They number 1,791 sisters in 105 houses in France and America (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, V, 66).

122. **SISTERS OF THE PRESENTATION OF OUR LADY OF CASTRES (Albi)** — Founded at Castres (diocese of Albi) in 1760 by Monsignor Jean Sébastien de Bassal as a religious association; later erected as a true religious Congregation with vows in 1840. Purpose: education of girls and care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1855; definitive approval in 1861. They number 90 sisters in 10 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, A, 10).

123. **SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE (Gap)** — A Congregation derived from a colony of Sisters of Providence of Por

123. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE (Tieux)

Invited in 1823 to Plan de Vitrolle (diocese of Gap), they became an autonomous Institute in 1838, and a true Congregation with vows in 1843. Purpose: education of girls and care of poor sick. They number 622 sisters.

124. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE (Gorizia)

Founded at Udine in 1845 by the Oratorian Luigi Scrosoppi. Purpose: exercise of charity toward one’s neighbor. Decree of praise in 1862; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1871, definitive in 1891. They number 1,212 sisters in 85 houses in Italy, Brazil, and Paraguay. Generalate at Gorizia (Arch. of the Generalate; P. Colombera, Un apostolo della Carità. P. Luigi Scrosoppi, Bergamo 1929).

125. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE (Langres)

Founded at Langres in 1802 by Abbé Leclerc and Mademoiselle Roger. They enjoyed remarkable growth and in 1900 numbered 700 sisters in 214 houses; but the subversive laws of 1901–1903 led to the closing of many houses and the secularization of many sisters. Purpose: education of youth and care of the poor and sick in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise in 1844, definitive approval in 1858. They number 160 sisters in 37 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, L, 6).

126. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE (Le Mans)

Founded at La Flèche (diocese of Le Mans) in 1804 by Mademoiselle Françoise Jamin, first as a religious association, which was then erected in 1828 as a true Congregation with vows. Purpose: education of girls and care of the poor and sick. They number 156 sisters.

127. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE (Santiago, Chile)

Derived from a colony of Sisters of Divine Providence from Montréal (Canada) that moved to Santiago, Chile, in 1853 and then became an independent Institute in 1855. Purpose: education of youth and charitable works, both spiritual and temporal. They number 151 sisters.

128. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE (Troyes)

Founded in 1819 at Pargue (diocese of Troyes) by Abbé Boigegrain, transferred in 1835 to Troyes. Purpose: instruction of youth and care of poor sick, especially in rural areas. Approval of the Institute in 1870. They number 88 sisters in 11 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, T, 14).

129. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION (Namur)

Founded at Namur in 1833 by Canon J. B. Viktor. Purpose: education of youth in schools, kindergartens, and orphanages; care of the sick and prisoners. They number 1,479 sisters.

130. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE OF PORTIEUX (St-Dié)

Founded in 1762 at Portieux (diocese of St-Dié) by the Venerable Jean Martin Moyë. Purpose: Christian education and care of poor sick, especially in rural areas. Decree of praise in 1859, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1922, definitive in 1930. They number 1,663 sisters in 24 houses (cf. Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, D, 22).

131. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE OF ST-JEAN-DE-BASSE (Metz)

Founded at St-Jean in 1762 by the Venerable Jean Martin Moyë; after dispersal caused by the French Revolution they reorganized in 1827, not only at Portieux but also at St-Jean-de-Basse, though as an independent Institute. Purpose: education of youth, especially in rural areas, and care of the sick. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1931. They number 1,500 sisters in 300 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, M, 110).

132. SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE FOR ABANDONED CHILDHOOD (Piacenza)

Founded in 1921 at Piacenza by Monsignor Francesco Torta. Purpose: care and education of needy children. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1945. They number 130 sisters in 10 houses in Italy. Generalate at Piacenza (Arch. of the Generalate).

133. SISTERS OF PURITY OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY (Majorca)

Founded in 1809 at Majorca by Bishop Monsignor Bernardo Nadal. Purpose: education of youth and social apostolate for women, especially working women. Decree of praise in 1901; definitive approval in 1925. They number 200 sisters in 20 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, M, 67).

134. SISTERS OF REPARATION (Milan): V. REPARATRICES OF THE HOLY HEARTS OF JESUS AND MARY.

135. SISTERS OF THE RESURRECTION OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST (Rome)

Founded in Rome in 1891 by the Servants of God Celina Chludzinska, widow Borzęcka, and her daughter Hedwig. Purpose: education of youth, parish works, schools of all levels, care of the sick in hospitals. Decree of praise in 1905, definitive approval of the Institute and its Constitutions in 1923. They number about 1,000 sisters in 62 houses in Italy, Europe, America, and Australia. Generalate in Rome (Arch. of the Generalate; cf. T. Kalkstein, Madre Celina Borzęcka, Warsaw 1939, Italian ed., Rome 1941; id., Madre Edvige Borzęcka, Warsaw 1939, Italian ed., Rome 1942).

136. SISTERS OF THE REUNION OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS (Bordeaux)

Founded in 1790 at Bordeaux by some pious women, in reparation for the outrages against the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Purpose: propagation of devotion to the Sacred Heart, education of girls, boarding schools for ladies. Approved by Pius VII in 1829 and by Pius IX in 1875. They number 98 sisters in 8 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, B, 33).

137. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY (Verona): V. LITTLE SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY.

139. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY (Bergamo)

Founded at Comonte (diocese of Bergamo) in 1856 by the Blessed Paola Elisabetta Cerioli, widow Buzzecchi Tossis. Purpose: to train orphans of peasant families for agricultural work, with schools and boarding facilities. The work is supported by the religious of the Holy Family, founded at Villacampagna di Soncino in 1865 by the same Blessed. Decree of praise in 1896, definitive approval in 1902. They number 292 sisters (cf. Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, B, 56; E. Federici, Suor Paola E. Cerioli, Comonte 1948).

140. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY (Bordeaux)

Founded at Bordeaux in 1820 by the Servant of God Pierre-Bienvenu Noailles and approved by the Holy See in 1831. Originally consisted of seven distinct congregations differing in habit and duties, united only by a common rule. Decree of praise in 1841; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1902. In 1903, when they received definitive approval, the seven original branches were reduced to four: Sisters of St Joseph, Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, Sisters of Hope, Missionary Sisters. They number 4,500 sisters in 260 houses in Italy and abroad (Arch. of the Generalate).

141. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY (Spoleto)

Founded at Cannaiola di Trevi (diocese of Spoleto) in 1888 by Monsignor Pietro Bonilli. Purpose: education of youth, especially the blind, deaf-mute, and orphans; care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1911; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1932, definitive in 1941. They number 672 sisters in 115 houses in Italy and Cyrenaica. Generalate at Spoleto (Arch. of the Generalate).

142. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY (Verona)

Founded in 1816 at Verona by Leopoldina Naudet. Purpose: Christian instruction of young women. Definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1948. They number about 100 sisters in 23 houses (cf. Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, V, 7).

143. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY OF THE SACRED HEART (Paris)

Founded at Annecy in 1889 by Fr Louis Étienne Rabussier and Sister Marie-Ignace Melin. Purpose: catechetical apostolate in parishes. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1907, definitive in 1928 (cf. F. Casolini, Profilo della madre I. Melin, Rome 1947).

144. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS, INSTITUTE AND LEAGUE (Modigliana)

Founded in 1871 at Modigliana by Sister Teresa Lega. Purpose: Christian education of poor girls and care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1888 (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, M, 50).

145. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY OF HELMET (Malines)

Founded in 1856 at Thielt (diocese of Bruges, Belgium) by some pious women, who later transferred the motherhouse to Helmet (diocese of Malines). Purpose: Christian education of young women. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1904, definitive in 1926. They number 120 sisters in 8 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, M, 47).

146. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY OF NAZARETH** (Rome). — Founded in Rome in 1875 by Francesca Siedliska. Purpose: reparation, charitable works in favor of abandoned children in hospitals and orphanages, education of youth in boarding schools, schools, kindergartens, etc. Decree of praise in 1896, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1909, definitive in 1923. There are 2,194 sisters in 126 houses in Italy, Europe, the United States, and Australia (cf. V. CAMISARDI, *Francesca Siedliska*, Rome 1903; anon., *La Congr. delle S. F. di N. nel primo novantennio*, Rome 1925).

147. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY OF OUR LADY OF DELIVERANCE** (Bayeux). — Founded in 1850 at Délivrance (diocese of Bayeux) by Fr. Saulet. Purpose: Christian formation and protection of young women, especially workers. Decree of praise in 1899; definitive approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1928. There are 10 houses with 150 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., B, 58).

148. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY OF VILLEFRANCHE** (Rodez). — Founded in 1816 at Villefranche (diocese of Rodez) by St. Émilie de Rodat. Purpose: Christian instruction of the poor and assistance to orphans and the sick. Decree of praise in 1869, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1875. There are 1,250 sisters in 120 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., R, 20).

149. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY CROSS** (Fort Wayne). — Derived from a colony of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, founded at Le Mans in 1841 by Fr. Basil Moreau, which moved to the United States in 1843 and became an independent Congregation in 1869 through the intervention of the Bishop of Fort Wayne.

**NUNS**

1547

(courtesy of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Villefranche)

**Nuns — St. Émilie de Rodat, foundress of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Villefranche.** Canvas by Vauchelet — Villefranche-de-Rourgue. Motherhouse of the Sisters of the Holy Family.

Purpose: education of youth in schools, colleges, orphanages, and care of the sick in hospitals. There are 1,268 sisters.

150. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY CROSS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS OF INGENBOHL** (Chur). — Founded in 1844 at Altdorf (diocese of Chur, Switzerland) by Fr. Teodosio Fricini. Purpose: religious instruction and assistance to the poor and the sick. In 1856 it divided into two branches: 1) that of Metzingen; 2) that of Ingenbohl. The latter received papal approval in 1862. It has more than 11,000 sisters in 1,500 houses divided into 12 religious provinces (cf. M. C. Rutishauser, *M. Teresa Scherer*, Rome 1941).

151. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY CROSS AND THE SEVEN SORROWS** (Montreal). — Derived from a colony of Sisters of the Holy Cross founded at Le Mans in 1841 by Fr. Basil Moreau, which moved to Canada at the request of the Bishop of Montreal in 1847. The houses operating in Canada became an independent Institute in 1883. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick. There are 1,636 sisters.

152. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY INFANCY** (Digne): V. **SISTERS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE**.

153. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY INFANCY OF JESUS AND MARY** (Metz). — Founded in Metz in 1807 by Bishop Mons. Jauffret and Mrs. Méyánes. Purpose: to restore religious principles in France, exercise spiritual and corporal works of charity. Decree of praise in 1857, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1888. There are 1,000 sisters in 53 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., M, 49).

154. **SISTERS OF HOLY HUMILITY OF MARY** (Davenport). — Founded at Dommartin-sous-Amance (France) in 1854 by Fr. Giovanni Giuseppe Begal and transferred to Ottumwa, Iowa (diocese of Davenport, United States) in 1877. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick in hospitals. Decree of praise in 1931; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1944. There are 220 sisters in 30 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., D, 16).

155. **SISTERS OF THE HOLY VIRGIN** (Bois-le-Duc). — Also called Sisters of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, founded at Engelen (diocese of Bois-le-Duc) in 1822 as an “Institute of Christian pedagogy.” Purpose: education of youth with boarding schools and schools, charitable works with hospitals, dispensaries, homes for the elderly, home visits to the sick, missionary work. Definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1925. There are 2,306 sisters in 83 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., B, 98).

156. **SISTERS OF THE HOLIEST CROSS AND PASSION** (Salford). — Founded in 1851 in the diocese of Salford (England) by some pious women devoted to St. Paul of the Cross. Purpose: apostolate especially in industrial areas and near factories; assistance to young working women. Approval of the Constitutions by the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda in 1887. There are 550 sisters in 50 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., S, 38).

157. **SISTERS OF THE HOLIEST PASSION AND OF THE IMMACULATE MARY** (Mexico). — Founded in Mexico City in 1895 by the Passionist Fr. Diego di S. Francesco. Purpose: to promote devotion to the Passion of Jesus, education of girls, service in colleges. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1941. There are 20 houses with 150 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., M, 140).

158. **SISTERS OF THE HOLIEST TRINITY** (Madrid). — The Institute, which arose in Italy at the beginning of the 19th century and was approved by the Holy See in 1828, spread widely in Spain, where it formed an autonomous congregation. Purpose: education of poor and ignorant girls. Definitive approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1909. There are 22 houses with 130 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., V, 110).

159. **SISTERS OF THE HOLIEST TRINITY** (Valence). — Founded in Lyon in 1659 by Abbot de Morange with the motherhouse from 1685 in Valence and reconstituted in 1824. Purpose: education of girls and care of the sick in civil and military hospitals. There are now 936 sisters.

160. **SISTERS OF THE ASSUMPTION** (Augustinian Sisters of the Assumption) (Ligugé). — Founded in Paris in 1839 by Anne Eugénie Milleret de Bovis. Purpose: female education: boarding schools, orphanages, schools of all levels, retreats. Active and contemplative life together, nourished by liturgical prayer and Eucharistic worship. Decree of praise in 1855, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1888, definitive in 1920. There are 1,000 sisters in 37 houses (cf. anon., *Une fondatrice de Congr. Relig., M. Marie Eugénie de Jésus*, St-Étienne 1922).

161. **SISTERS OF THE ASSUMPTION OF THE HOLY VIRGIN** (Nicolet). — Founded in 1853 at St-Grégoire de Nicolet (Canada) by the parish priest Giovanni Harper and four young ladies of the parish: Leocadia Bourgedis, Giulia Héon, Matilde Leduc, Edvige Buisson. Purpose: Christian education of girls in schools and colleges. There are 1,234 sisters.

162. **SISTERS OF THE FAITHFUL VIRGIN** (Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Orphan Girls) (Bayeux). — Founded at La Délivrance (diocese of Bayeux) in 1831 by Countess Enrichetta de la Forestier d'Asseville. Purpose: to gather and educate poor girls in orphanages, boarding schools, patronage centers, and places of care. Decree of praise in 1870, approval of the Institute and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1890, definitive in 1904. There are 290 sisters in 12 houses (cf. A. Raimbert, *Guide de vocat. relig.*, II, Paris 1924, pp. 500-505).

163. **SISTERS OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION** (Tournai). — Founded in 1817 at St-André d'Echauffour (diocese of Séez, France) by Fr. Luigi Martin Lafosse. Purpose: religious and civil formation of youth. The motherhouse was moved to Tournai. Decree of praise in 1893; definitive approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1921. There are 565 sisters in 32 houses (cf. A. Raimbert, *Guide de vocation relig.*, II, Paris 1924, pp. 463-569).

164. **SISTERS OF THE POOR** (Bergamo). — Founded in Bergamo in 1869 by Fr. Luigi Palazzolo and Teresa Gabrielli. Purpose: care of orphans, the elderly, the sick, the mentally ill; assistance to emigrants; schools

(per courtesy of the S. della S. Famiglia di Villefranche) SOPAS — S. Emilia di Rodas, foundress of the S. della S. Famiglia di Villefranche. Painting by Vauchelet — Villefranche-de-Rourgue, Mother House of the S. della S. Famiglia.

Purpose: education of youth in schools, colleges, orphanages and professional institutes, kindergartens, oratories. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1912, definitive in 1919. They number 1202 sisters in 203 houses in Italy, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgian Congo. Generalate in Bergamo (Arch. of the Generalate; G. Belloli, Don L. M. Palazzolo, Bergamo 1936; L. Frigeni, Vita di S. M. T. Gabrieli, ibid. 1928).

165. S. DELLE SCUOLE CRISTIANE DELLA MISERICORDIA (St-Sauveur le Vicomte). — Founded at Cherbourg in 1866 by St. Mary Magdalen Postel with the Mother House from 1832 at St-Sauveur le Vicomte (diocese of Coutances). Parallel institute to that of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, sharing its rules. Purpose: Christian instruction of girls through kindergartens, schools of all grades, orphanages, boarding schools, workshops. Definitive approval in 1901.

166. S. DELLE SCUOLE DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO D'ASSISI: V. S. FRANCESCANE INSEGNANTI.

167. S. DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (Budweis): V. POVERTÀ. DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (Budweis).

169. S. DELL'ESPIAZIONE (ATONEMENT) (New York). — Founded at Graymoor (New York) on 3 Oct. 1909 by Laurana Maria White, a convert from Anglicanism and former superior of an Anglican monastery. Purpose: to promote the conversion of non-believers and the reunion of Protestants with the Catholic Church. In 1921 aggregated to the Franciscan Order. Decree of praise in 1935. They number 125 houses (cf. ann., The Graymorian, Graymoor 1925; Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, N. 34).

170. S. DELL'IMMACOLATA (Genoa). — Founded at Genoa in 1876 by Fr. Agostino Roscelli. Purpose: instruction and religious formation of youth. Decree of praise in 1913, approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1942. They number 75 houses with 550 sisters (Arch. of the Congr. of Religious, G. 38).

171. S. DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE (Annecy). — Founded at Annecy in 1855 by Sister Maria de Mallient. Purpose: initially for the care of little Black girls, then for the instruction and religious formation of youth. Decree of praise in 1873; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1883, definitive in 1926. They number 105 sisters in 14 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, A. 51).

172. S. DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE (Poitiers). — Founded at Niort (diocese of Poitiers) in 1854 by Fr. Francesco Donaziano Pécot. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1879, approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1902. They number 275 sisters in 19 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, P. 36).

173. S. DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE (S. Paulo). — Founded in 1890 at Vigolo (State of S. Catarina, Brazil) by the young Tyrolean Amabile Wisenmeister, under the guidance of the Jesuit Luigi M. Rossi. In 1895 they were constituted as an autonomous Congregation with their own Constitutions by the Bishop of Parana. Purpose: initially, care of lepers, from 1895 care of the sick and orphans. Decree of praise in 1933. They number 298 sisters in 40 houses, with the Mother House in S. Paulo (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, P. 103).

174. S. DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DELLA SANTA VERGINE E DI SAN FRANCESCO D'ASSISI (Veghel). — Founded at Veghel (diocese of Bois-le-Duc, Holland). Purpose: instruction of youth and care of the sick. Approval of the Constitutions in 1870. They number 36 houses with 1025 sisters (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, B. 95).

175. S. DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DI LOURDES (Monreale). — Founded at Cinisi (diocese of Monreale) by Carolina Santocanale. Purpose: education of youth in schools, workshops, university residences; hospital assistance. Decree of praise in 1942. They number 20 houses with 200 sisters (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, M. 151).

176. S. DELL'IMMACOLATA VERGINE MARIA (Breslau): V. POVERTÀ. DELL'IMMACOLATA VERGINE MARIA.

177. S. DELL'OPERAIO (Lille): V. S. DELL'OPERAIO.

178. S. DELLO SPIRITO SANTO (Ariano Irpino). — Founded at Ariano Irpino in 1877 by Bishop Mons. Francesco Trotta and Mother Ernestina Giuseppina Arcucci. They derive from an ancient monastery of Cassinese Benedictines, suppressed under the anti-clerical laws of 1866, which later requested and obtained permission to be transformed into an active Congregation. Purpose: to promote the cult of the Holy Spirit; instruction through kindergartens and schools; assistance in orphanages, hospices, insane asylums, clinics, hospitals, and dispensaries. They number 120 sisters in 17 houses in Italy. Generalate in Ariano Irpino (Arch. of the Generalate).

179. S. DELLO SPIRITO SANTO (Trevi). — Founded at Marienhof (diocese of Trevi) in 1857 by Fr. Filippo De Lorenz. Purpose: care of the sick, including those with contagious diseases, in hospitals and at home; care of orphans; instruction of girls in domestic arts and the direction of kindergartens. Decree of praise in 1910, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1920. They number 643 sisters in 48 houses (Arch. of the Congr. of Religious, T. 48).

180. S. DEL PATROCINIO DI S. GIUSEPPE (Perugia). — Founded in Rome in 1884 by Mother Josepha Le Dieu de la Ruandière. Purpose: education and assistance of poor and abandoned children. Decree of praise in 1908, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1923, definitive in 1933. They number 618 sisters in 70 houses. Generalate in Perugia (Arch. of the General House).

181. S. DEL POVERO BAMBINO GESÙ (Ruremonde). — Founded at Aix-la-Chapelle, initially as a pious association in 1837, then as a true religious Congregation in 1848 by Clara Pey. Purpose: instruction of children and youth in kindergartens, colleges, boarding schools, orphanages, elementary, middle, and high schools; definitive approval in 1888. They number 2066 sisters.

182. S. DEL PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE (Cincinnati). — Founded in Graubünden (Switzerland) in 1835 by the widow Anna Maria Brunner and her son, Fr. Francesco. Purpose: to propagate devotion to the Precious Blood of Jesus; care of the poor, the sick, and abandoned girls. In 1850 the Institute moved to America. Approval of the Institute and decree of praise in 1936. They number 620 sisters in about 60 houses (Arch. of the S. Congr. of Religious, C. 107).

183. S. DEL PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE DI MONZA (Milan). — Founded in Monza in 1876 by Maria Bucchi and several companions, who entered the Canossian Sisters and were constituted by the superior as a group of Third Order Canossians. After 20 years they became an autonomous congregation under the present title. Purpose: education of girls in colleges, public and private schools, day and evening work schools, summer camps, and retreats. Decree of praise in 1942, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1934, definitive in 1942. They number 550 sisters in 82 houses in Italy, Switzerland, and Brazil. Generalate in Monza (Arch. of the General House).

184. S. DEL PURISSIMO CUORE DI MARIA (Portalegre). — Founded in 1843 in Vienna by M. Barbara Maix and transferred by her to Brazil in 1848, where the Mother House of Portalegre was established. Purpose: education of youth, especially orphans. They number 311 sisters.

185. S. DEL RITIRO (Vannes): V. FIGLIE DELLA BEATA MARIA VERGINE ADDOLORATA. DEL RITIRO (Vannes).

186. S. DEL ROSARIO DI GERUSALEMME (Jerusalem). — Founded in 1880 by Fr. D. Tannus of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Purpose: to assist the priests of the patriarchate in parishes and stations, including through schools, colleges, and orphanages. They number over 100 sisters in about 25 houses.

187. S. DEL SACRO CUORE DEL VERBO INCARNATO (Rome). — Founded in Palermo in 1884 by Sister Carmela di Gesù (Francesca Paola Prestigiacomo). Purpose: instruction and education of young women: colleges,

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pensioners, orphanages, schools, etc. Decree of praise in 1901, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1941. There are 29 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., P, 56).

188. S. DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ (Cracow): V. PICCOLE SERVE DEL SACRATISSIMO CUORE DI GESÙ.

190. S. DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ DI RAGUSA (Siracusa). — Founded in Ragusa in 1889 by Sister Maria Schianina. Purpose: assistance to youth in orphanages, schools, workshops, nurseries, etc.; shelters for the disabled and hospitals. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1936, definitive in 1946. They number 35 sisters in 40 houses, all in Italy. Generalate in Ragusa (Arch. d. Casa general).

191. S. DEL SACRO CUORE DI MARIA VERGINE IMACOLATA (Montpellier). — Founded in 1831 in Béziers (diocese of Montpellier) by Abbé J. Gailhac, revived in 1849 by the widow Cure. Purpose: education of youth in boarding schools, orphanages, schools, etc. They number 950 sisters in about 50 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., M, 30).

192. S. DEL SALVATORE E DELLA SANTA VERGINE (Limoges). — Founded in La Souterraine-Creuse (diocese of Limoges) in 1834 by Giuseppina du Bourg (in religion Mother Maria of Jesus). Purpose: education of young women in schools, workshops, and orphanages; care of the sick in clinics and hospitals. Decree of praise in 1872, approval of the Institute and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1891, definitive in 1904. They number 273 sisters in 27 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., L, 31).

193. S. DEL SANTISSIMO BAMBINO GESÙ E DELLA SACRA FAMIGLIA (Palermo). — Congregation formed in 1931 by the union of the “Collegi di Maria” of Sicily (almost all founded in the 1700s) through the efforts of H.E. Cardinal Luigi Lavitrano, Archbishop of Palermo. Purpose: education of girls. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1934, definitive in 1944. They number 930 sisters in 45 houses in Italy. The generalate is in Palermo (Arch. d. Casa gener.).

194. S. DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO (Autun). — Founded in Mâcon in 1732 by Fr. Luigi Agut. Purpose: care of the sick and education of youth. Decree of praise in 1914; definitive approval of the Institute in 1918 and of the Constitutions in 1919. They have 51 houses with 210 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., A, 44).

195. S. DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO (Budweis). — Founded in 1887 in Budweis by C. M. Sebasta. Purpose: education of youth, care of the sick and the poor. Decree of praise in 1933, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1948. They have 10 houses with 120 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., B, 127).

196. S. DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO (Lafayette). — Sisters originally belonging to the Congregation of Perpetual Adoration founded in Paris in 1658 by the Servant of God Catherine de Bar, who moved to Louisiana (United States) in 1827 and constituted themselves as an autonomous Congregation in Lafayette (diocese of New Orleans) in 1892 under the present title. Purpose: education of youth in colleges, schools, academies. Decree of praise in 1928, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1935. They have 13 houses with 190 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., L, 79).

197. S. DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO (Valence). — Founded in 1815 in Romans (diocese of Valence) by Fr. Vigne. Purpose: adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, Christian education of girls, and assistance to the poor and the sick. Decree of praise in 1863, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1905; they have 21 houses with 180 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., V, 18).

198. S. DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO E DELLA CARITÀ (Bourges). — Founded in Bourges in 1662 by Fr. Antonio Moreau. Purpose: education of youth. Decree of praise in 1863; aggregated to the Augustinian Order in 1730. They number 204 sisters in 35 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., B, 17).

199. S. DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO PER GL'INDIANI E I NEGRI (Philadelphia). — Founded at the end of the 19th century. Purpose: from the beginning they had a particular missionary character, working to spread the Catholic faith among the Indians and Negroes of America. Decree of praise in 1897, approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1907. They have 45 houses with 450 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., F, 19).

200. S. DEL S.MO SALVATORE (Strasbourg). — Founded in 1849 in Niederbronn (diocese of Strasbourg) by Elisabeth Spinger. Purpose: assistance to poor sick persons in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise in 1924. They number 5300 sisters in 686 houses, divided into 5 religious provinces (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., S, 4).

201. S. DEL S.MO SALVATORE DI SANTA BRIGIDA (Rome). — Founded in Rome in 1911 by Maria Elisabetta Hesselblad, adopting the ancient Rule and restoring, with modern adaptations, the Order of the Most Holy Saviour founded by St. Bridget ca. 1340. Purpose: contemplative life for the conversion of non-Catholics. Decree of praise in 1940. They number 171 sisters in 7 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., R, 88).

202. S. DEL SANTO BAMBINO GESÙ E DI SAN MAURO (Paris). — Founded in 1662 in Paris by Fr. Nicolas Barré of the Minims as an association of lay teachers (since institutes of unenclosed sisters were not yet permitted) and constituted as a religious Congregation in 1866. Purpose: instruction of the children of the common people in schools of every mission. They number over 3000 sisters in 61 houses (cf. H. de Grèzes, Hist. de l'Inst. des Écoles charitables du St-Enfant Jésus, Paris 1894; id., Congr. des Soeurs du St-Enfant Jésus, dites Dames de St-Maur, Lyon 1950).

203. S. DEL S. NOME DI GESÙ (Warsaw). — Founded in 1887 in Nowa Miłosna (diocese of Warsaw) by Francesca Witkowska. Purpose: assistance to factory workers through schools, family homes, nurseries, dormitories, etc. Decree of praise in 1923. They now number, after the political events of the war, 215 sisters in 16 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., V, 84).

204. S. DEL SANTO NOME DI GESÙ DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN DOMENICO (Toulouse). — Founded in Toulouse in 1804 by a religious of a suppressed institute, approved by the Holy See in 1870 and passed in 1886 to the Third Order of St. Dominic. Purpose: education of young women. They have 8 houses with 180 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. R. Belg., T, 15).

205. S. DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN DOMENICO: V. TERZIARIE DOMENICANE DI NANCY.

206. S. DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN DOMENICO DELLA CONGREGAZIONE DI SANTA CATERINA DA SIENA (Louisville). — Founded in 1822 in Louisville by Fr. Thomas Wimsatt, a Dominican. Purpose: instruction and education of youth. Decree of praise in 1915. They have 68 houses with 700 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., L, 62).

207. S. DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO (Peoria). — Founded in the diocese of Saint Louis (Missouri) in 1888 by Sister Maria Pacifica Forrestal of the Institute of the Franciscan Tertiaries of Dubuque. Purpose: care of children, orphans, and the elderly. Decree of praise and papal approval in 1934. They number 367 sisters in 12 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., P, 9).

208. S. DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO (Pittsburgh). — Sisters originally of the Institute of the Tertiary Sisters, founded in Philadelphia in 1855 by the bishop, who, upon moving to Pittsburgh, constituted themselves as an autonomous Congregation. Purpose: instruction of youth, care of the sick and elderly in shelters. Definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1890. They have 32 houses with 611 sisters (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., P, 73).

209. S. DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO DELLA CARITÀ CRISTIANA (Vienna). — Founded in Vienna in 1848 by a group of young ladies engaged in hospital service and affiliated with the Third Order of St. Francis. Purpose: care of the sick in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise in 1914; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1934. They number 830 sisters in 17 houses (Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig., V, 69).

210. **SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS OF PENANCE AND CHARITY (Milwaukee).** — Founded in 1849 at St Francis (archdiocese of Milwaukee) by some young women who had emigrated to the United States from Germany. Purpose: education of children, including the blind, mute and disabled. In 1900 they were aggregated to the Third Order of St Francis; decree of praise and approval of the Institute in 1911. There are 86 houses with 830 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 85).

211. SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS OF DILLINGEN. — The monastery of Dillingen dates back to 1241, and the Sisters there had a kind of conservatory, albeit with papal enclosure. In 1446 the monastery was destroyed, but the Sisters rebuilt it and expanded their purpose, dedicating themselves to the education of youth, without derogating from enclosure. They were released from enclosure after the *Kulturkampf* and thus were able to expand elsewhere. Approval of the Constitutions in 1950 (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, A, 85).

212. **SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS OF OLDENBURG (Indianapolis).** — Founded in 1851 at Oldenburg (archdiocese of Indianapolis) by Sister Maria Teresa Genevieve Hackelmeyer. Purpose: education of children and young women in kindergartens, orphanages and parish schools. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1891, definitive in 1899. In 1898 the Institute was aggregated to the Order of Friars Minor. There are 93 houses with 842 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, I, 8).

213. **SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS IN CLINTON (Davenport).** — Founded in 1868 by the Bishop of Louisville (Kentucky) with five young ladies sent first to the Franciscan Sisters of Oldenburg to begin their religious life. Purpose: Christian education of youth. In 1907 they were aggregated to the Third Order of St Francis; decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1923, definitive in 1931. There are 273 sisters in 31 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, D, 14).

214. **SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS IN GLENDALE (Philadelphia).** — Founded in 1855 at Glen Riddle (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) by Abp. John Nepomucene Neumann, Bishop of Philadelphia. Purpose: education of youth in schools of every grade and hospitality. Aggregation to the Third Order of St Francis in 1914, approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1907. There are 1,600 sisters in 123 houses, divided into four religious provinces (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, F, 21).

215. **SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS UNDER THE TITLE OF ST BERNARDINE OF SIENA (Reading, Philadelphia).** — Founded in 1894 at Reading (archdiocese of Philadelphia) by Sister Veronica Grzadowka of the Franciscans of Zaklin in Galicia, who came to America. Purpose: education of youth in schools and orphanages; aggregation to the Third Order of St Francis; decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1933, definitive in 1941. There are 800 sisters in 90 houses, divided into three provinces and one vice-province (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, F, 34).

216. **SISTERS OF THE REGULAR THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Augsburg).** — Founded at Dillingen (diocese of Augsburg) in 1241 by Count Hartmann IV of Dillingen-Kyburg and his son Hartmann V, Bishop of Augsburg. Only in 1628 were they constituted as a Regular Order; transformed in 1923 into a religious Congregation. Purpose: instruction of youth in schools of every grade, direction of institutes and care of the sick, training since 1937 of teachers for service in churches. Decree of praise in 1943. There are 2,334 sisters in 199 houses (M. Lioba Schreyer, *Die Gesch. der Franziskanerinnen*, Dillingen s.d.).

217. **SISTERS OF THE REGULAR THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS OF THE CONGREGATION OF OUR LADY OF LOURDES (Winona).** — Institute formed in 1877 by the Sisters of St Francis of the Congregation of the Immaculate Mary, existing in Minnesota, who separated from the original stock and constituted themselves as an autonomous body. Purpose: education of youth, care of orphans and assistance to the sick. Decree of praise and definitive approval in 1912. There are 603 sisters in 55 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, V, 71).

218. **SISTERS OF THE INCARNATE WORD AND MOST HOLY SACRAMENT (Corpus Christi).** — The Institute, as a Congregation of pontifical right, arose only in 1931 from the union of two monasteries of the nuns of the Incarnate Word and of the Most Holy Sacrament, existing in the diocese of Corpus Christi. Purpose: education of youth and conversion of the infidels. There are 11 houses with 114 sisters (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, C, 115).

219. **SISTERS OF CHARITY (Dublin).** — Founded in Dublin in 1816 by Mary Aikenhead. Purpose: care of the sick and assistance to the poor. Definitive approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1833. There are 560 sisters in 35 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, D, 18; *La rév. mère Mary Aikenhead*, Tours 1927).

220. **SISTERS OF CHARITY (Leavenworth).** — Founded in 1812 near Kansas City (diocese of Leavenworth). Purpose: Catholic education and care of the sick and orphans. Decree of praise and approval of the Constitutions in 1915. There are 650 sisters in 72 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 60).

221. **SISTERS OF CHARITY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF IVREA (Ivrea).** — Founded at Rivarolo Canavese (diocese of Ivrea) in 1817 by the Servant of God Antonia Maria Verna. Purpose: education of girls and boys in schools, boarding schools, orphanages; assistance to the poor and sick; other works of social assistance, including missions. Decree of praise in 1901; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1835, definitive in 1904. There are 2,500 sisters in 293 houses, in Italy and abroad. Generalate in Ivrea (Arch. of the Generalate; A. Perotti, *La vita e l'opera della serva di Dio, madre A. M. Verna*, Florence 1938).

222. **SISTERS OF CHARITY OF THE INCARNATE WORD (Galveston).** — Founded in 1866 by Bp. Dubuis, Bishop of Galveston, and three young ladies who had begun religious life with the Sisters of the Incarnate Word in Lyons and departed for America in 1867. Purpose: care of the sick in hospitals. Decree of praise in 1912, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1916. There are 21 houses with 475 religious (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, G, 37).

223. **SISTERS OF CHARITY OF THE IMMACULATE MARY (St John’s, Canada).** — Founded in 1845 at St John’s (Canada) by the Most Holy Eucharist and perpetual adoration, with special charitable activities towards prisoners and working women. Decree of praise and approval of the Constitutions in 1934. There are 300 sisters in 50 houses in Italy and abroad. Generalate in Turin (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, T, 75).

228. **SISTERS OF CHARITY OF ST VINCENT DE PAUL (Cincinnati).** — Founded in 1808 at Emmitsburg by Elizabeth Ann Seton. Purpose: instruction of youth in schools of every grade, especially in the parish schools she founded, and charitable activities in hospitals, refuges, etc. After the founder’s death in 1821 they divided into seven distinct and independent branches, though bound by common traditions. Decree of praise in 1930, definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1939. There are 1,075 sisters (cf. R. Ricciardelli, *Vita della Serva di Dio Elisabetta Seton*, Rome 1929; *V. also* SETON).

229. **SISTERS OF CHARITY OF ST VINCENT DE PAUL (Halifax).** — A branch separated from the Sisters of Charity, which, after founding a house in Halifax, formed an autonomous Congregation. Purpose: instruction of youth. Pontifical approval in 1856. There are 1,359 sisters in 79 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, H, 1).

230. **SISTERS OF JESUS CRUCIFIED (Meaux).** — Founded in 1928 by Abbot J. Guichenon with Susanna Wrotonowska. Purpose: to foster and assist religious vocations. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1950. There are 94 sisters in 4 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 167).

231. **SISTERS OF JESUS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Lyons): V. LITTLE SISTERS OF JESUS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS.**

232. **SISTERS OF JESUS AND MARY** (Rome). — Founded in Lyons in 1818 by Claudine Thevenet. Purpose: instruction and education through schools of all levels, including vocational schools for the masses and working women, workshops, boarding schools, and cooperation with parish works. Approval of the Institute and its Constitutions in 1848. There are 2,100 sisters in 75 houses (Lar. Gamas, *M. Maria di S. Ignazio*, Rome 1929).

233. **SISTERS OF JESUS, MARY, AND JOSEPH** (Bois-le-Duc) — *See* **SISTERS OF THE HOLY VIRGIN** (Bois-le-Duc).

234. **SISTERS OF JESUS REPARATRIX** (Lyons). — Founded in 1915 in Lyons by Jane Rousset. Purpose: education of young women on a scientifically modern basis. Decree of praise in 1923. There are 17 houses with 200 sisters (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, L. 84).

235. **SISTERS OF LORETO AT THE FOOT OF THE CROSS** (Louisville). — Founded in 1812 near Louisville (United States). Purpose: Christian education of young women, particularly in parish schools, and spiritual and material assistance to the sick and poor. Approval of the Constitutions in 1907. There are 67 houses with 1,050 sisters (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, L. 65).

236. **SISTERS OF MARY OF NAZARETH** (Palencia). — Originated within the Pious Union known as *Los Sagrados Calvarios* and more commonly as *Las Tres Marías*, founded in the diocese of Seville in 1910 at the initiative of Bishop Mons. Emmanuel González-García. Upon his death, the Institute was established as a religious Congregation without vows, within which the Association of Mary’s Helpers lives, composed of women living in the world as religious. Purpose: adoration of the Most Holy Sacrament in abandoned and dilapidated churches and the promotion of good press. There are 100 sisters in 10 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, P. 128).

237. **SISTERS OF MARY AND JOSEPH** (Limoges). — Founded in 1805 at Dorat (diocese of Limoges) by Elizabeth Dupleix. Purpose: assistance to female prisoners and those released from prison. There are 279 sisters in 22 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, L. 19).

238. **SISTERS OF THE HOLIEST MARY CONSOLER** (Milan). — Founded in 1893 by Fr. Arsenio, a Capuchin, and Mother Maria Cecilia Bruni. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1915; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1929; definitive approval in 1943. There are 1,234 sisters in 124 houses in Italy, France, China, and North Africa (*Arch. d. Casa gener.*).

239. **SISTERS OF MERCY** (Perth). — Founded in Perth (Ireland) at the beginning of the 19th century. Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick. The individual houses were independent, and in 1841 the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide granted approval. The Archbishop of Perth united the four existing groups in his diocese (Victoria Square, Burbury, Coolgardy, St. Brigid) into a single Congregation, which received approval of its Constitutions in 1940. There are 20 houses with 266 sisters (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, P. 6).

240. **SISTERS OF NAZARETH** (Westminster) — *See* **POOR SISTERS OF NAZARETH**.

241. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY** (Namur). — Founded in the diocese of Amiens in 1804 by Bl. Julia Billiart. Purpose: free religious and civil education of poor girls. Decree of praise in 1844; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1921. There are 389 sisters in 161 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, N. 4).

242. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY** (Rome). — A branch separated from the Sisters of Our Lady of Namur, founded in 1804 by Bl. Julia Billiart, which became an autonomous Congregation in 1850 in Coesfeld (Germany). Purpose: education of youth and works of spiritual and corporal mercy. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1855; definitive approval in 1900. There are 3,238 sisters in 282 houses in Italy, Europe, America, India, and Indonesia. Generalate in Rome (*Arch. d. Casa gener.*; *Unter dem Banner Unserer Lieben Frau*, Herausg. von den Schwestern U. L. Frau, Kühlen 1925).

243. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY AT AMERSFOORT** (Utrecht). — Founded at Amersfoort (diocese of Utrecht) in 1822 by Fr. Matthias Wolff, S.J. Purpose: exercise of spiritual and corporal works of mercy, especially the education of youth. Definitive approval of the Institute and its Constitutions in 1870. There are 1,154 sisters in 50 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, U. 6).

244. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF THE APOSTLES** (Venissieu, Rhône). — Founded in Lyons in 1875 by Fr. Augustine Planque. Purpose: cooperation with the missionary apostolate of the Fathers of the African Missions through schools, hospitals, and clinics. Decree of praise in 1904; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1912; definitive approval in 1928. The Institute is very flourishing and has numerous missions, especially in Africa (*G. Goyau, Les Soeurs de Notre-Dame des Apôtres*, Paris 1936).

245. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF GOOD HELP** (Lyons). — Founded in 1835 in Lyons. Purpose: care of the sick in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise in 1891; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1933. There are 11 houses with 182 sisters (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, L. 48).

246. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF CALVARY** (Cahors). — Founded in 1835 at Granat (diocese of Cahors) by Fr. Peter Bonhomme. Purpose: care of the poor and sick in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise in 1911; definitive approval in 1927. There are 387 sisters in 38 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, C. 58).

247. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF MOUNT CARMEL** (Florence). — Founded in Florence in 1852 by Maria Scrilli (in religion Mary Teresa of Jesus). Purpose: reparation to the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, education of girls from the working class, and works of mercy: hospitals, prisons, etc. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1933; definitive approval in 1940. There are 168 sisters in 31 houses in Italy and the United States. Generalate in Florence (*Arch. d. Casa general.*).

248. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF CHARITY OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD** (Angers). — Founded in 1835 by St. Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, superior of the Refuge of Angers, who obtained from Gregory XVI that all houses dependent on Angers and those to be founded thereafter would have a Superior General. There are approximately 10,000 sisters in more than 360 houses (*cf. G. Bernoville, Ste M. E. Pelletier*, Paris 1945).

249. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF CHARITY KNOWN AS OF THE REFUGE** (Bayeux) — *See* **ORDER OF OUR LADY OF CHARITY OF THE REFUGE**.

250. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF COMPASSION** (Margilie). — Founded in 1843 in Marseilles by Fr. Barthès, S.J. Purpose: care of the sick and elderly, education of youth through asylums for wayward girls. Decree of praise in 1880; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1924. There are 138 sisters in 14 houses.

251. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF COMPASSION** (Toulouse). — Founded in 1817 in Toulouse by Abbé Ganigan and Mother Jeanne-Marie Deschaux, former superior of the Good Shepherd. The various houses, initially independent, were united in 1912. Purpose: education of youth in colleges, orphanages, and workshops. Decree of praise and approval of the Constitutions in 1935. There are 167 sisters in 20 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, T. 74).

252. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF CONSOLATION** (Tortosa). — Founded in Tortosa in 1849 by a group of pious women under the guidance of Fr. G. B. Gil. Purpose: education of youth in schools and colleges, care of the sick in clinics and hospitals. Decree of praise in 1888; approval of the Institute and its Constitutions in 1907. There are 708 sisters in 78 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, T. 29).

253. **SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF THE CROSS** (Grenoble). — Founded in 1833 at Murinais (diocese of Grenoble) by Adele de Murinais. Purpose: education of girls, especially the poor, and care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1911; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1920. There are 195 sisters in 25 houses (*Arch. d. S. Congr. d. Relig.*, G. 35).

254. **S. OF OUR LADY OF MERCY** (Bois-le-Duc). — Founded in Tilburg in 1832 by three pious young women under the guidance of Fr. Giovanni Zurwijsen, later Bishop of Bois-le-Duc. Aim: education of youth and care of the sick. Approval of the Constitutions in 1844, of the Institute in 1848. They number 4,129 sisters in 110 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 106).

255. **S. OF OUR LADY OF MERCY** (Cloyne). — Founded in Cloyne, Ireland, in 1827, approved by the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda in 1841. The various houses, initially independent, were united in 1916 into a single Institute, approved in 1924. Aim: care of the sick, the poor, and the elderly. They number 240 sisters in 7 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, C, 77).

256. **S. OF OUR LADY OF MERCY** (Laval). — Founded in Laval in 1816 by Thérèse Agathe Roudeaux and Fr. C. Lauon, S.J. Aim: rehabilitation of fallen women. Decree of praise in 1878. The houses in Poland separated in 1922 to form an independent Institute with its generalate in Warsaw. They number 134 sisters in 6 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 38).

257. **S. OF OUR LADY OF THE PRESENTATION OF MANOSQUE** (Digne). — Founded in Manosque (diocese of Digne) in 1818 by Fr. I. Courbon as a pious association, transformed into a religious Congregation by Fr. G. Preval. Aim: reparation for offenses against the Church; contemplative life and educational activity for youth in colleges. They number 38 sisters in 2 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, D, 3).

258. **S. OF OUR LADY OF PROVIDENCE** (Blois). — Founded in Blois in 1829 by the city’s bishop, Msgr. A. Fabre, and Mademoiselle Delille. In 1836, this Congregation merged with the *Quatre Jeunes Économes*, directed by Fr. Thoré, dedicated to the art of embroidery. The House was established as a regular religious Community in 1939. Aim: education of youth in kindergartens, orphanages, and schools; care of the sick at home and in clinics; and of the elderly in hospices. Decree of praise and approval of the Constitutions in 1936. They number 86 sisters in 11 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 129).

259. **S. OF OUR LADY OF THE ROSARY** (Buenos Aires). — Founded in Buenos Aires in 1895 by Fr. Giuseppe Americo Orzali. Aim: education of the poor youth of rural populations; care of the sick in hospitals; management of prisons and protective homes for women. Decree of praise in 1931. They number 366 sisters in 26 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 126).

260. **S. OF OUR LADY OF THE ROSARY OF PONT DE BEAUVOISIN** (Grenoble). — Founded in Le Pont de Beauvoisins (diocese of Grenoble) in 1831 by Élisabeth Giraud. Aim: instruction and education of youth through schools of all levels and care of the sick in clinics and hospitals. Decree of praise in 1897; approval of the Institute and its Constitutions in 1937. They number 315 sisters in 39 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, G, 25).

261. **S. OF OUR LADY OF THE SACRED HEART** (Moncton). — In 1923, the Sisters of Charity of the Immaculate Conception, founded in Saint-Jean (Canada), obtained permission to constitute themselves as an autonomous Congregation under the present name. They number 183 sisters in 15 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, G, 61).

262. **S. OF OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY** (Rimouski). — Founded in Rimouski in 1874 by Élisabeth Turgeon. Aim: Christian instruction in parish schools. Initially without vows, they adopted the form of a religious Institute with vows in 1879. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1927, definitive in 1935. They number 659 sisters in 68 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, R, 64).

263. **S. OF OUR LADY OF SION** (Paris). — Founded in Paris in 1843 by Théodore and Alphonse Ratisbonne and Madame Stoulhen. Aim: education of young women, preferably converts; expiation and prayer for Israel. Since 1936, the branch of the Handmaids of Our Lady of Sion has existed, dedicated to direct apostolate among the Jews. Approved in 1874. They number 2,000 sisters in 50 houses (cf. *Les religieuses de N.-D. de Sion*, Paris 1923; M. de Sion, *Un désir de Marie*, ibid. 1946).

264. **S. OF SAINT-AIGNAN** (Orléans): *v.* GUARDIANE ADORATRICI DELL'EUCARESTIA, known as *SOEURS DE SAINT-AIGNAN*.

265. **S. OF SAINT BERNARDINE OF SIENA IN READING** (Faldefia): *v.* S. OF THE THIRD ORDER OF SAINT FRANCIS UNDER THE TITLE OF SAINT BERNARDINE OF SIENA (Reading, Philadelphia).

266. **S. OF SAINT CHARLES** (Lyon). — Founded in 1860 in Lyon by Fr. Charles Demia. Aim: education of youth and care of the sick at home. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1921, definitive in 1930. They number 1,095 sisters in 110 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 70).

267. **S. OF SAINT DOMINIC OF THE CONGREGATION OF SAINT CECILIA** (Nashville). — Founded in Nashville (United States) in 1860 by five Dominican sisters of the Institute of Saint Mary of Somerset (Ohio). Aim: education of white and black youth. Affiliated with the First Dominican Order in 1913. Decree of praise in 1939. They number 132 sisters in 12 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, N, 49).

268. **S. OF SAINT FELIX OF THE THIRD ORDER OF SAINT FRANCIS** (Cracow). — Founded in Warsaw in 1855 by Fr. Beniamino Szimanski, Capuchin. Aim: education of youth. In 1864, the motherhouse moved to Cracow due to persecution by the Russian government. Decree of praise in 1874; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1899, definitive in 1907. They number 4,360 sisters in 315 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, C, 28).

269. **S. OF SAINT PHILIP NERI** (Barcelona). — Founded in Mataró (diocese of Barcelona) in 1859 by Fr. Mario Castaner. Aim: education of young women, especially the poor, in colleges, Sunday catechism classes; houses of spiritual exercises for ladies. Decree of praise in 1870; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1914, definitive in 1929. They number 138 sisters in 11 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 37).

270. **S. OF SAINT FRANCIS** (Aquignana): *v.* POVERE S. OF SAINT FRANCIS.

271. **S. OF SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI**, commonly known as *DE LA TOUR PITRAT* (Lyon). — Founded in 1813 in Lyon by Anne Rollet, under the name of the “Congregation of the Lyonese Sisters of the Third Order of Saint Francis.” Aim: education of girls, management of orphanages and kindergartens; care of the sick in hospitals, clinics, dispensaries, maternity homes, etc. Decree of praise in 1891; approval of the Constitutions in 1934. They number over 300 sisters in 32 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 47).

272. **S. OF SAINT FRANCIS OF PERPETUAL ADORATION** (Paderborn): *v.* POVERE S. OF SAINT FRANCIS OF PERPETUAL ADORATION.

273. **S. OF SAINT FRANCIS DE SALES** (Padua). — Founded in Ponte di Brenta (diocese of Padua) in 1740 by Fr. Domenico Leonato. Aim: perpetual adoration and education of poor families. In 1751, they moved to Padua in a locality called Vanzo by order of Cardinal Rezzonico, later Pope Clement XIII, whence the name “Conservatory of the Virgins of Vanzo”; then, in 1811, to Santa Croce, also in Padua. Decree of praise in 1911; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1917, definitive in 1933. They number 515 sisters in 88 houses, all in Italy. Generalate in Padua (Arch. of the Generalate).

274. **S. OF SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST** (*Battistine*) (Rome). — Founded in 1878 in Angri by the Servant of God Alfonso Maria Fusco and Maddalena Caputo. Aim: education of youth and care of the poor sick. Decree of praise in 1917; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1927, definitive in 1935. They number 664 sisters in 65 houses (cf. anon., *Il servo di Dio A. M. Fusco*, Rome 1939; anon., *La Congr. delle S. di S. Giovanni Battista*, ibid. 1948).

275. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST AND SAINT CATHERINE OF SIENA, called VIRGINS OF MEDEA** (Genoa). — Founded in Genoa in 1594 by Medea Ghiglina Patelani, under the direction of Fr. Bernardino Lannoni, SJ. Until 1920, the members of the Institute took only the vow of chastity; in that year, the Institute was raised to the status of a religious congregation with the three vows. Purpose: education of youth of civil status in schools, kindergartens, and boarding schools; recently also the management of hospitals. They number 82 sisters in 10 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, G, 68).

276. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOHN OF GOD** (Ferns). — Founded in Wexford (Ireland) in 1871 by Bishop Tommaso Furlong of Ferns. Purpose: instruction of girls and care of the sick. They number 503 sisters.

277. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH**. — They arose in Le Puy-en-Velay on 15 October 1650 through the efforts of the Jesuit G. P. Medaille and Bishop Mons. H. Maupas, for the purpose of religious instruction. They spread rapidly to other dioceses in France, were dispersed by the Revolution, then reconstituted themselves, continuing their initial work and adapting to new needs by opening schools of all levels, not only in France but also in other regions. The various independent houses later united into autonomous religious congregations with the approval of the Holy See, and under the name of Saint Joseph, new religious congregations also arose: at Annecy (1883) with 630 sisters; Buenos Aires (1882) with 261 sisters; Chambéry (1812) with 2248 sisters; Clermont-Ferrand (1810) with 559 sisters; Concordia (1884) with 565 sisters; Philadelphia (1836) with 1671 sisters; Gap (1853) with 205 sisters; Gerona (1865) with 326 sisters; Goulburn (1888) with 131 sisters; Lansing (1889) with 504 sisters; Lyon (1808) with 1718 sisters; Maitland (1856) with 345 sisters; Pinerolo (1828) with 373 sisters; Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (1822) with 900 sisters; Tarbes (1843) with 524 sisters; Turin (1821) with 510 sisters; Toronto (1851) with 426 sisters; Trier (1889) with 171 sisters; Bordeaux (1840) with 146 sisters.

278. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH** (Aosta). — A branch of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Lyon, which moved to Aosta in 1831 at the request of the bishop and was established as an autonomous congregation in 1845. Purpose: education of youth in schools, boarding schools, orphanages, colleges, refuges for at-risk girls, workshops, and factories; care in hospitals and shelters. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1928; definitive approval in 1934.

They number 202 sisters in 37 houses. Generalate in Aosta (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, A, 63; S.-B. Vuillermin, *Les soeurs de St-Joseph d'Aoste*, Aosta 1891).

279. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH** (Cuneo). — Founded in Cuneo in 1831 by Canon Giov. Batt. Manassero. Purpose: education and instruction of youth in schools, boarding schools, and kindergartens; instruction of the deaf and mute; care of the sick; also in mission work. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1938, definitive in 1948. They number 594 sisters in 80 houses in Italy, Switzerland, and the Belgian Congo. Generalate in Cuneo (Arch. of the General House).

280. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH** (Mexico). — Founded on 19 December 1872 by Fr. José Vilaseca. On 25 May 1903, the Holy See granted the decree of praise and approval. On 21 December 1907, the Constitutions were approved *ad tempus*, and definitively on 27 February 1920. Purpose: Christian instruction and education of girls, especially in mission areas. They number 650 sisters in 62 houses. The Generalate is in Mexico (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 56).

281. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH** (Susa). — Founded in 1871 at Ulzio (and transferred to Susa in 1875) by Rosalia Renacco, in religion Mother Giovanna Francesca di Chantal. Purpose: education of girls; care of the sick, including in mission work. Decree of praise in 1939; definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1940. They number over 100 sisters in 25 houses, all in Italy. Generalate in Susa (Arch. of the General House).

282. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH** (Fort Wayne): *V. SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF SAINT FRANCIS* (Fort Wayne).

283. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH OF THE APPEARANCE** (Marseille). — Founded at Gaillac (diocese of Marseille) in 1832 by St. Émilie de Vialar. Purpose: education of youth and charitable activities, especially care of the sick. Decree of praise in 1842; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1862; definitive in 1910. In Burma, the Karen Sisters Congregation consists of about a hundred indigenous religious belonging to the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Appearance. They number 1600 sisters in 130 houses (*cf.* L. Pecchiani, *S. Émilie de Vialar*, Rome 1951, pp. 192-202; A. Stocchetti, *S. Émilie de Vialar*, ibid. 1951).

284. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH called OF THE HOLY FAMILY** (Montpellier): *V. SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY* (Montpellier).

285. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH OF THE THIRD ORDER OF SAINT FRANCIS** (Leopoldi). — Founded at Leopoldi in 1882 by four pious tertiary Franciscan women. Purpose: care of the sick, shelters for the elderly, education of youth in schools and kindergartens. Aggregated to the Order of Capuchins in 1922. Approval of the Institute in 1925. They number 272 sisters in 27 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 49).

286. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH OF CARONDELET** (Saint Louis). — In 1936, at the request of Bishop Rosati of Saint Louis (United States), six sisters from the Institute of Saint Joseph of Le Puy went to found the first American house of the Institute, which became the center of a new institution and gave rise to other houses, which later became independent: Buffalo (1854), Rochester (1864), Concordia (1883), La Grange (1889). In 1912, at the request of the bishop of Sacramento, nine sisters from the house of La Grange founded a new house in Eureka, which became the motherhouse of the group located in the dioceses of Los Angeles and San Diego, later transferred to Orange. Main purpose: teaching and education of youth in schools of all types. They number 3143 sisters in 185 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 81).

287. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH OF CLUNY** (Paris). — Founded at Chalon-sur-Saône in 1806 by Bl. Anne Javouhey (*v.*). Purpose: education of youth and care of the sick, including lepers, tuberculosis patients, and those with contagious diseases. Decree of praise in 1899. They number 3160 sisters in 275 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 8; F. De La Place, *Vie de la vén. mère A.-M. Javouhey, Apôtre des Noirs*, Paris 1929).

288. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH OF MOÛTIERS** (Tarentaise). — In 1827, a community of Sisters of Saint Joseph from Le Puy, established in Moûtiers (diocese of Tarentaise) and spread to other dioceses, constituted itself as an autonomous group. Purpose: education of youth, care of the poor at home and in hospitals. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1911, definitive in 1922. They number 815 sisters in 85 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, T, 49).

289. **SISTERS OF SAINT JOSEPH OF SAINT-VALLIER** (Valence). — After the French Revolution, some surviving sisters of the Institute founded in 1883 at Le Puy took refuge in Saint-Vallier (diocese of Valence), opening a pharmacy there to aid the poor. As the number of sisters grew, a new Institute was created in 1827. Purpose: teaching and care of the sick. Definitive approval of the Institute in 1875. They number 205 sisters in 22 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, V, 36).

290. **SISTERS OF SAINT LOUIS OF MANAGHAN** (Clogher). — Founded near Toulouse in 1842. In 1921, the Irish houses united into a single autonomous congregation with the Generalate in Managhan (diocese of Clogher). Purpose: education of girls in schools of all levels. Decree of praise and approval of the Constitutions of the new Irish congregation in 1926, definitive in 1934. They number 416 sisters in 19 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, C, 82).

291. **SISTERS OF ST LOUIS GONZAGA** (Alba). — Founded at La Morra (diocese of Alba) in 1815 by Fr Giovanni Rubino. Aim: to offer themselves in a spirit of immolation for the Pope, the needs of the Church and the salvation of souls. Some of these sisters separated in 1870 and founded another congregation at Maramana (diocese of Acqui); however, in 1938 the two institutions merged into one and Pius XI approved their Constitutions. They number 56 sisters in 4 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, A, 73).

292. **SISTERS OF ST PAUL THE ANGELIC** (Milan): V. ANGELIC SISTERS OF ST PAUL.

293. **SISTERS OF ST BRIGID** (BRIGIDINES) (Kildare). — Founded at Kildare (Ireland) in 1807 by the bishop of the diocese, Delany. Aim: the education of youth and charitable works. Decree of praise in 1858; temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1895, definitive in 1907. They number about 600 sisters in 37 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, K, 2).

294. **SISTERS OF ST CATHERINE OF SIENA OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST DOMINIC** (Evreux). — Founded in the diocese of Autun in 1854 by Mother St Dominic and transferred in 1878 to the diocese of Evreux. Aim: a life of contemplation and action for the apostolate among souls. Decree of praise in 1864; approval of the Constitutions in 1879. They number 268 sisters in 23 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, A, 13).

295. **SISTERS OF ST CLOTILDE** (Paris). — Founded in Paris in 1821 by Fr J. B. Rauzan with the sisters of the suppressed monastery of St Aura. Aim: the education of youth. Decree of praise in 1877; approval of the Constitutions in 1925. They number 164 sisters in 8 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, P, 34; P. Leflon, Qu'est qu'une religieuse st Clotilde?, Paris 1947).

296. **SISTERS OF ST DOROTHEA OF THE FRASSINETTI** (Rome): V. TEACHERS OF ST DOROTHEA.

297. **SISTERS OF ST DOROTHEA OF CEMPO DI CAPO DI PONTE** (Brescia). — Founded in 1842 at Cempo di Capo di Ponte (diocese of Brescia) by Mother Annunciata Cocchetti of Rovato. Aim: the education of youth of every social class. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1934, definitive in 1941. They number 300 sisters in 63 houses, all in Italy. Generalate at Cempo di Capo di Ponte (Arch. of the Generalate).

298. **SISTERS OF ST HEDWIG** (Breslau). — Founded at Breslau in 1848 by Fr Roberto Spike. Aim: care for endangered youth. Decree of praise in 1872. They number 735 sisters in 85 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 21).

299. **SISTERS OF ST AGNES** (Milwaukee). — Founded in 1870 at Fond du Lac (diocese of Milwaukee) by Mother Maria Agnese Hozotte, under the guidance of Fr Francesco

306. **SISTERS OF ST MARTHA** (Rome). — Founded at Ventimiglia in 1895 by Bishop Mons. Tommaso Reggio. Aim: care for the sick in hospitals, clinics and at home; education of youth in schools, orphanages, rehabilitation centres; assistance in parish works, management of services in seminaries. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1928, definitive in 1935. They number 429 sisters in 56 houses in Italy and Chile. Generalate in Rome (Arch. of the Generalate).

307. **SISTERS OF ST ANDREW** (Tournai). — They trace their origins to the Hospital Sisters of St Andrew, founded at Cambrai in the 12th century; gathered in 1837 after the French Revolution at Tournai, where they possessed a house, by Mother Serafina Hanvallet and reconstituted as a new congregation. Aim: care for the sick. Approval of the Institute in 1857. They number 314 sisters.

308. **SISTERS OF ST ANDREW** (Poitiers): V. DAUGHTERS OF THE CROSS, also called SISTERS OF ST ANDREW.

309. **SISTERS OF ST ANNE OF THE PROVINCE** (Turin). — Founded in Turin in 1834 by the Marquise of Barolo. Aim: education of girls from the working class through schools, refuges and workshops. Approval of the Constitutions in 1841. They number 569 sisters in 110 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, T, 5).

310. **SISTERS OF ST ANNE OF LACHINE** (Montreal). — Founded at Vaudreuil (diocese of Montreal) in 1850 by Esther Sureau (Mother Marie Anne). Aim: education of youth, care for the sick in hospitals and refuges. In 1864 the Generalate moved to Lachine. Decree of praise in 1863; approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1884. They number 3500 sisters in 127 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 18; Le Canada ecclésiastique, Montreal 1950, pp. 914-22).

311. **SISTERS OF ST ANTHONY OF PADUA** (Mercedes). — Founded at Mercedes (Argentina) in 1889 by Maria Antonina Cerini. Aim: care for the sick and education of youth. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1937, definitive in 1945. They number 142 sisters in 19 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, P, 109).

312. **SISTERS OF ST ZITA** (Lucca). — Founded in 1882 by the Servant of God Elena Guerra. Aim: education of poor youth. Decree of praise in 1911; approval of the Institute and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1923. They number 102 sisters in 12 houses (cf. P. Scavizzi, Elena Guerra, Apostola dello Spirito Santo, Lucca 1939).

313. **SISTERS OF ST THOMAS OF VILLANOVA** (Paris). — Founded at Lamballe in 1658 by Fr Angelo Le Proust, Augustinian. However, it was only in 1670 that the sisters took the religious habit, made their vows and adopted their own Constitutions. Aim: to assist poor patients and to care for abandoned children. Decree of praise in 1860; approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1873. They number 809 sisters in 110 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, P, 9).

314. **SISTERS OF ST VINCENT DE PAUL**, also called **SERVANTS OF THE POOR** (Ghent). — Founded at Ghent in 1823 by the Baroness de Gysgen, and erected as a religious congregation in 1829. Aim: education of youth in the missions, care for lepers and contagious patients. Decree of praise in 1860; approval in 1875. They number 712 sisters in 115 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, G, 5).

315. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE CHILD JESUS** (Orleans): V. LITTLE SISTERS OF ST DOMINIC OF THE CHILD JESUS.

316. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE LITTLE HOUSE OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE** (Genoa): V. DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE LITTLE HOUSE OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE.

317. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE PERPETUAL ROSARY** (Camden): V. DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE PERPETUAL ROSARY.

318. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS** (Tournai): V. DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS.

319. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE MOST HOLY ROSARY** (Mondovi). — Founded at Mondovi in 1844 by Bishop Mons. Tommaso Ghilardi and Mother Angelica Manfredini. Aim: education of girls; care for the sick and the poor. Decree of praise and definitive approval in 1933. They number 300 sisters in 34 houses, in Italy, Turkey and Argentina. Generalate at Mondovi (Arch. of the Generalate).

320. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF ST SIXTUS THE ELDER** (Rome): V. ELDER.

321. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF ST CATHERINE OF SIENA** (Guardamalati) (Auch): V. DOMINICAN SISTERS OF ST CATHERINE OF SIENA (Guardamalati).

322. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF ST MARY** (New Orleans): V. DOMINICAN SISTERS OF ST MARY.

323. **DOMINICAN SISTERS OF WEST MAITLAND** (Maitland): V. DOMINICAN SISTERS OF WEST MAITLAND.

324. **DOMINICAN SISTERS, TEACHERS AND NURSES OF ST CATHERINE OF SIENA** (Rome): V. DOMINICAN SISTERS, TEACHERS AND NURSES OF ST CATHERINE OF SIENA.

325. **DAUGHTERS OF THE MOST HOLY HEART OF JESUS** (Yokohama). — Founded in 1920 by Sister Teresa Illerhaus, formerly a member of the Congregation of the Servants of the Holy Spirit, in the Apostolic Prefecture of Niigata (Japan). Aim: to gather Japanese girls who assist the apostolate of missionaries through social, charitable and educational works. Temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1949.

326. **S. Francescane (Montpellier).** — Founded in 1860 in the diocese of Montpellier by J. V. Jalbert and M. Jvares de Signalac, and aggregated to the Order of Friars Minor in 1920. Purpose: education of young girls and care of the sick in hospitals and clinics. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1930. They number 160 sisters in 20 houses, all in France (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M., 113).

327. **S. Francescane Angeline (Turin):** *V. Francescane Angeline.*

328. **S. Francescane degli Afflitti (Warsaw):** *V. FRANCESCANE DEGLI AFFLITTI (VARSAVIA).*

329. **S. Francescane della Beata Maria Vergine Aiuto dei Cristiani (Cartagena, Colombia).** — Founded by seven Franciscan tertiary sisters of Mary Help of Christians from Alstätten (Switzerland), invited by Monsignor Pietro Schumacher, Bishop of Portoviejo (Ecuador) in 1888, who took refuge in Cartagena (Colombia) in 1895 due to persecution and constituted themselves as an autonomous Institute. Purpose: education of youth and care of the elderly and sick. Approval of the Institute in 1926. They number 294 sisters in 25 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, C., 81).

330. **S. Francescane della Famiglia di Maria (Leopoldi).** — Founded in 1856 in Leopoldi by Archbishop Monsignor Sigmund Felinski and immediately aggregated to the Order of Friars Minor. Purpose: education of youth; care of the sick in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1913. They number 756 sisters in 127 houses, all in Poland (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L., 53).

331. **S. Francescane della Sacra Famiglia (Dubuque):** *V. Sacra Famiglia.*

333. **S. Francescane dell'Immacolata (Palagano-Modena):** *V. Francescane dell'Immacolata.*

334. **S. Francescane dell'Immacolata Concezione di Lons-Le-Saunier (St-Claude):** *V. Francescane dell'Immacolata Concezione di Lons-Le-Saunier.*

(Kindly provided by the S. Francescane Insegnanti – Rome, Sisters – Mother House of the S. Francescane Insegnanti – Rome.)

335. **S. Francescane del Santissimo Cuore di Gesù di Joliette (Chicago):** *V. Francescane del Santissimo Cuore di Gesù di Joliette.*

336. **S. Francescane di Nostra Signora del Perpetuo Soccorso (St. Louis):** *V. FRANCESCANE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DEL PERPETUO SCOCORSO.*

337. **S. Francescane di San Giorgio Martire in Thuine (Osnabrück):** *V. Francescane di San Giorgio Martire in Thuine.*

338. **S. Francescane di Santa Cunegonda (Chicago):** *V. FRANCESCANE DI CRISTO RE.*

339. **S. Francescane di Santa Maria degli Angeli di Walddreitbach (Trier):** *V. Francescane di Santa Maria degli Angeli di Walddreitbach.*

340. **S. Francescane d'Ognissanti (Florence):** *V. Francescane d'Ognissanti.*

341. **S. Francescane Insegnanti (Rome).** — Founded in 1888 in Slatfany u Chrudimě (Czechoslovakia) by Bishop Roman Sebastian Zängler. Purpose: education of youth in colleges, schools, workshops, orphanages; care of the sick in hospitals, etc. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1932, definitive in 1950. They number 629 sisters in 59 houses in Italy and abroad (27 others confiscated by the communist government). Generalate in Rome (Arch. of the General House).

342. **S. Francescane Missionarie di Maria (Rome):** *V. FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DI S.*

343. **S. Francescane Missionarie di San Giuseppe (Salford):** *V. FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DI S.*

344. **S. Francescane dette Piccole Suore degli Orfani (Belley):** *V. Francescane dette Piccole Suore degli Orfani.*

345. **S. Giapponesi della Visitazione (Tokyo).** — Founded by Fr. Alberto Breton, who, having gone from Japan to California, called there in 1915 some young Japanese women to assist their compatriots who had emigrated. After returning to Japan with the priest and the young women, they established the Congregation of the Visitation in Tokyo in 1925, and in 1937 transferred its motherhouse to Fukuoka. Temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1942, definitive in 1950. They number over 100 sisters.

346. **S. Giuseppine della Carità (Vich).** — Founded in Vich (Spain) in 1877 by Caterina Corominas y Augustin. Purpose: care of the sick in hospitals and at home. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1901, definitive in 1909. They number 227 sisters in 21 houses, all in Spain (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, V., 80).

347. **S. Giuseppine della Santissima Trinità (Plasencia).** — Founded in 1866 in Plasencia by Fr. Eladio Mozas Santamera. Purpose: education of youth and assistance in orphanages and shelters. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1933. They number 99 sisters in 15 houses, all in Spain (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, P., 57).

348. **S. GRIGIE (Montreal):** *V. S. DELLA CARITÀ* vulgo *S. GRIGIE.*

349. **S. GUARDAMALATI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA AUSILIATRICE (Montpellier).** — Founded in Montpellier in 1845 by Fr. Andrea Soulas. Purpose: care of the sick at home. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1868, definitive in 1882. They number 459 sisters in 52 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M., 28).

350. **S. Infermiere dell'Addolorata (Como).** — Founded in Como in 1850 by Giovanna Franchi. Purpose: care of the sick in nursing homes and clinics, and, during the day, at home. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1935, definitive in 1942. They number 200 sisters in 9 houses, all in Italy. Italian Generalate in Como (Arch. of the General House).

351. **S. Insegnanti della Santa Croce del Terz'Ordine di San Francesco in Menzingen (Basel):** *V. Insegnanti della Santa Croce del Terz'Ordine di San Francesco in Menzingen.*

352. **S. Insegnanti di Nostra Signora Colocense (Colossa):** *V. S. Insegnanti di Nostra Signora Colocense.*

353. **S. Maddalene (Penitents of St. Mary Magdalene) (Turin).** — Founded in 1833 in Turin by the Marchioness Giulia Falletti di Barolo, née Colbert. Purpose: reparation and re-education of at-risk young women. Definitive approval of the Constitutions in 1846. They number 33 sisters in 7 houses in Italy. Generalate in Turin (Arch. of the General House); A. Biancotti, *Un'eroina della carità, la Marchesa Giulia di Barolo*, Turin 1939).

354. **S. Maestre di Santa Dorotea (Venice):** *V. Maestre di Santa Dorotea.*

355. **S. Maestre di Santa Dorotea Figlie dei Sacratissimi Cuori (Vicenza):** *V. Maestre di Santa Dorotea, Figlie dei Sacratissimi Cuori.*

356. **S. Marcelline (Milan):** *V. Marcelline.*

357. **S. Mariste or of the Congregation of Mary.** Founded by the Servant of God C. J. Colin in Belley in 1856. Purpose: education of young women, shelter for at-risk girls, and spiritual exercises for women. Decree of praise in 1864, approval of the Institute in 1884, temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1931, definitive in 1951. They number 542 sisters in 38 houses, many of which are in mission territories, where they assist the Marist Fathers. The Generalate is in Belley (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B., 19; L. Falletti, *Il ven. G. C. Colin*, Rome 1913).

358. **S. Mercedarie (Aix):** *V. S. della Beata Maria Vergine della Mercede.*

359. **S. Mercedarie del Santissimo Sacramento.** — Founded in Mexico City in 1910 by Sister Maria del Refugio de Aguilar. Purpose: education of youth and their formation in Eucharistic devotion. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1948. They number 263 sisters in 52 houses, all in Mexico. The Generalate is in Mexico City (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M., 142).

360. **S. Minime dell'Addolorata (Bologna):** *V. Minime dell'Addolorata.*

361. **S. Minime del Sacro Cuore di Maria (Rodez):** *V. Cuore di Maria.*

362. **S. Minime di Nostra Signora del Suffragio (Turin):** *V. Minime di Nostra Signora del Suffragio.*

363. **SISTERS OF MERCY OF ST GERARD (Milan)**. Founded in 1891 at Monza by Fr Luigi Talamoni and Maria Biffi, widow of Levati. Purpose: care of the sick, especially the poor, in their homes; other educational and welfare works in clinics, shelters, orphanages; parish works. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1942, definitive in 1949. They number 260 sisters in 45 houses in Italy and Switzerland. Generalate in Monza (Arch. of the Generalate).

with 25 houses, all in Argentina (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, B, 61).

379. **SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Linz)**. Founded at Voelakbruck (diocese of Linz) in 1842 by Fr Sebastiano Schwarz. Purpose: care of the sick in clinics and hospitals, education of youth in schools and colleges. Decree of praise in 1929; approval of the Institute and Constitutions in 1938. They number 973 sisters in 62 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 77).

380. **SISTERS REPARATRICES OF THE SACRED HEARTS OF JESUS AND MARY (Milan)**: V. REPARATRICES OF THE SACRED HEARTS OF JESUS AND MARY.

381. **SISTERS REPARATRICES OF THE SACRED HEART (Naples)**: V. REPARATRICES OF THE SACRED HEART.

382. **SACRAMENTINE SISTERS (Bergamo)**: V. SACRAMENTINE.

383. **SALESIAN SISTERS OF THE SACRED HEARTS (Lecce)**: V. SALESIAN SISTERS OF THE SACRED HEARTS.

384. **SALESIAN SISTERS OF THE MOST HOLY HEART OF JESUS (Cartagena)**: V. SALESIAN SISTERS OF THE MOST HOLY HEART OF JESUS.

385. **SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Hallein)**. Founded at Hallein (diocese of Salzburg) in 1723 by Maria Teresa Zechner, initially as a pious hospice with common life, then constituted as a true religious Congregation with vows in 1754. Purpose: education of girls in elementary, secondary and higher schools and in boarding schools; charitable works with orphanages and institutes for the deaf and mute. Papal approval in 1819. Among the various branches, some became independent Institutes.

386. **SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Vienna)**. Branch of the School Sisters of the Third Order of St Francis, founded in 1723 by M. Teresa Zechner, called from Hallein to Vienna in 1845 by Empress Carolina Augusta. The various houses subsequently founded in the archdiocese of Vienna became an independent Congregation in 1853, taking the present name. The Institute was aggregated to the Order by the Friars Minor in 1904. Purpose: education of girls. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1923, definitive in 1931. They number 218 sisters in 18 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, V, 79).

387. **SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Milwaukee)**. Founded at Milwaukee in 1873 by Mother Maria Alessia, from the Linz house of the same Congregation, brought to the United States at the invitation of Bp M. Henny, bishop of Milwaukee. Purpose: schools and hospitals. Approval by the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda in 1900, definitive by the Sacred Congregation of Religious in 1908. They number 2128 sisters in 35 houses (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, M, 83).

388. **SCHOOL SISTERS OF GRAZ OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Eggenberg)**. Founded at Eggenberg near Graz (diocese of Seckau) in 1841 by Bp Romano Sebastiano Zaengerle, bishop of Seckau, and by Miss Antonina Lampel. Purpose: education and instruction of youth. Temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1929, definitive in 1937. They number 494 sisters in 46 houses (Arch. of the Congregation of Religious, S, 1).

389. **SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS (Rome)**. Founded in 1888 at Slatiňany, near Chrudim (diocese of Hradec Králové, Czechoslovakia) by Sr M. M. Giacinta Zahalka, from the homonymous Congregation of Graz. Purpose: education of youth through all types of schools, including specialized ones; institutes for the blind and disabled, orphanages, mission stations; hospitals and shelters for the elderly. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1932, definitive in 1950. They number 629 sisters in 59 houses in Italy, Europe, North and South America (in addition, 27 houses confiscated by the communist regime). The Generalate was transferred to Prague in 1910, then to Rome in 1945 (Arch. of the Generalate).

390. **SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS OF MARIBOR (OF CHRIST THE KING) (Rome)**. Branch of the School Sisters of the Third Order of St Francis of Heggenberg, called to Maribor (diocese of Lavant) in 1864 by Bp Antonio Martino Slomšek, then erected as an independent Congregation in 1869 by Bp Giacomo Massimiliano Stepischnegg. Purpose: education of girls in schools of all levels; care of the sick in hospitals and at home; domestic services in colleges and seminaries. Decree of praise and temporary approval of the Constitutions in 1922, definitive in 1931. They number 951 sisters in 55 houses (in addition to 65 in Yugoslavia) in Italy and abroad (Arch. of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, L, 78).

391. **SISTERS SERVANTS OF THE POOR OF THE MOUTH OF THE POOR (Palermo)**: V. MOUTH OF THE POOR, SISTERS OF THE.

392. **SISTERS SERVANTS OF MARY REPARATRIX (Adria)**: V. SERVANTS OF MARY REPARATRIX.

393. **SISTERS SERVANTS OF MARY MOST SORROWFUL (Florence)**: V. SERVANTS OF MARY MOST SORROWFUL.

394. **SISTERS ESTABLISHED IN THE CHARITY OF JESUS THE GOOD SHEPHERD (Florence)**. Founded in Florence in 1589 by Fr Vittorio dell’Ancia and Maria Triboli. In 1612 they adopted strict enclosure; suppressed in 1810, they were reunited in 1816 by Mother Sandrucci in the Conservatory of Monticelli. From 1878 they adopted an active life. Purpose: education of youth in boarding schools, kindergartens, schools, workshops. Definitive approval in 1951. They number 70 sisters in 10 houses in the dioceses of Florence and Pisa. Generalate at Monticelli (Arch. of the Generalate).

395. **VINCENTINE SISTERS OF THE IMMACULATE MARY (Turin)**. Founded at Lanzo Torinese in 1858 by the Venerable Federico Albert. Purpose: education in kindergartens, orphanages, schools; hospitals. They number 200 sisters in 15 houses in Italy. Generalate at Lanzo Torinese (Arch. of the Generalate).