Salomon louing and marying manie wemen of diuers nations, is drawen by them to idolatrie. 9. God therfore offended suffereth Adad an Idumean, 23. Razon king of Damascus, 26. and Hieroboam his owne seruant to make warre against him. 29. Ahias the prophet fortelleth Hieroboam, that he shal reigne ouer tenne tribes, leauing but tvvo to Salomons heyres, 38. VVith promise to prosper, if he serue God. 42. Salomon dieth.
1And king Solomon loved many strange women, besides the daughter of Pharao, and women of Moab, and of Ammon, and of Edom, and of Sidon, and of the Hethites:Ma il re Salomone amò grandemente molte donne straniere, e anche la figliuola di Faraone, e delle donne di Moab, e di Ammon, e dell'Idumea, e di Sidone, e del paese di Heth,AND king Salomon loued manie wemen strangers, the daughter also of Pharao, and Moabites, and Ammonites, Idumeians, and Sidonians, and Hetheians:Rex autem Salomon adamavit mulieres alienigenas multas, filiam quoque Pharaonis, et Moabitidas, et Ammonitidas, Idumæas, et Sidonias, et Hethæas: 2Of the nations concerning which the Lord said to the children of Israel: You shall not go in unto them, neither shall any of them come into yours: for they will most certainly turn away your hearts to follow their gods. And to these was Solomon joined with a most ardent love.Nazioni, delle quali avea detto il Signore a' figliuoli d'Israele: Voi non prenderete delle lor donne, e non darete loro delle vostre; perocché infallibilmente elleno pervertiranno i vostri cuori, per farvi seguire i loro dei. A tali donne adunque si unì Salomone con ardentissimo affetto.of the nations, wherof our Lord sayd to the children of Israel: You shal not goe in vnto them, neither shal anie of them come in vnto yours: for they wil most certainly turne away your hartes to folow their goddes. To these therfore was Salomon copled in most seruent loue.de gentibus super quibus dixit Dominus filiis Israël: Non ingrediemini ad eas, neque de illis ingredientur ad vestras: certissime enim avertent corda vestra ut sequamini deos earum. His itaque copulatus est Salomon ardentissimo amore. 3And he had seven hundred wives as queens, and three hundred concubines: and the women turned away his heart.Ed ebbe settecento mogli quasi regine, e trecento concubine: e queste, donne gli pervertirono il cuore.And he had wiues as it were queenes seuen hundred, and concubines three hundred: and the wemen turned away his hart.Fueruntque ei uxores quasi reginæ septingentæ, et concubinæ trecentæ: et averterunt mulieres cor ejus. 4And when he was now old, his heart was turned away by women to follow strange gods: and his heart was not perfect with the Lord his God, as was the heart of David, his father.Ed essendo egli già vecchio, fu per opera delle donne depravato il cuore di lui sino a farlo andar dietro a dei stranieri; e il cuore di lui non fu sincero col Signore Dio suo, come fu il cuore di Davidde suo padre.And when he was now old, his hart was depraued by wemen, that he folowed strange goddes: neither was his hart perfect with our Lord his God, as the hart of Dauid his father.Cumque jam esset senex, depravatum est cor ejus per mulieres, ut sequeretur deos alienos: nec erat cor ejus perfectum cum Domino Deo suo, sicut cor David patris ejus.
5But Solomon worshipped Astarthe, the goddess of the Sidonians, and Moloch, the idol of the Ammonites.Ma Salomone rendea culto ad Astarte dea de' Sidonj, e a Moloch idolo degli Ammoniti.But Salomon worshipped Astarthee the goddesse of the Sidonians, and Moloch the idol of the Ammonites.Sed colebat Salomon Astarthen deam Sidoniorum, et Moloch idolum Ammonitarum. 6And Solomon did that which was not pleasing before the Lord, and did not fully follow the Lord, as David, his father.E fece Salomone quello, che non piaceva al Signore, e non perseverò in seguire il Signore, come fece Davidde suo padre.And Salomon did that which was not liked before our Lord, and he accomplished not to folow our Lord, as Dauid his father.Fecitque Salomon quod non placuerat coram Domino, et non adimplevit ut sequeretur Dominum sicut David pater ejus. 7Then Solomon built a temple for Chamos, the idol of Moab, on the hill that is over against Jerusalem, and for Moloch, the idol of the children of Ammon.Allora fu, che Salomone eresse un adoratorio a Chamos, idolo di Moab, sul monte, che sta dirimpetto a Gerusalemme, e a Moloch, idolo de' figliuoli di Ammon.Then built Salomon a temple to Camos the idol of Moab, in the mount that is agaynst Ierusalem, and to Moloch the idol of the children of Ammon.Tunc ædificavit Salomon fanum Chamos idolo Moab in monte qui est contra Jerusalem, et Moloch idolo filiorum Ammon. 8And he did in this manner for all his wives that were strangers, who burnt incense, and offered sacrifice to their gods.E la stessa cosa fece per tutte le sue mogli straniere, le quali bruciavano incensi, e sagrificavano agli dei loro.And in this maner did he to al his wiues that were strangers, which burnt frankencense, and immolated to their goddes.Atque in hunc modum fecit universis uxoribus suis alienigenis, quæ adolebant thura, et immolabant diis suis. 9And the Lord was angry with Solomon, because his mind was turned away from the Lord, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice;Il Signore pertanto si sdegnò contro Salomone, perchè l'animo di lui si era alienato dal Signore Dio d'Israele, il quale eragli apparito per due volte,Therfore our Lord was wrath with Salomon, because his minde was turned away from our Lord the God of Israel, who had appeared vnto him the second tyme,Igitur iratus est Dominus Salomoni, quod aversa esset mens ejus a Domino Deo Israël, qui apparuerat ei secundo, 10And had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not follow strange gods: but he kept not the things which the Lord commanded him.E lo avea ammonito intorno a questo di non andar dietro agli dei stranieri; ma egli non osservò il comando del Signore.and had commanded him concerning this word, that he should not folow strange goddes, & he kept not the thinges which our Lord commanded him.et præceperat de verbo hoc ne sequeretur deos alienos: et non custodivit quæ mandavit ei Dominus.
11The Lord therefore said to Solomon: Because thou hast done this, and hast not kept my covenant, and my precepts, which I have commanded thee, I will divide and rend thy kingdom, and will give it to thy servant.Disse adunque a Salomone il Signore: Perchè tale (peccato) è in te, e non hai mantenuto il mio patto, e gli ordini, ch'io ti ho dati, io squarcerò, e spezzerò il tuo regno, e darollo ad un tuo servo.Our Lord therfore sayd to Salomon: Because thou hast done this, and hast not kept my couenant, and my preceptes, which I haue commanded thee, breaking I wil rent asunder thy kingdom, and wil geue it to thy seruant.Dixit itaque Dominus Salomoni: Quia habuisti hoc apud te, et non custodisti pactum meum, et præcepta mea quæ mandavi tibi, disrumpens scindam regnum tuum, et dabo illud servo tuo. 12Nevertheless, in thy days I will not do it, for David thy father’s sake: but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son.Ma nol farò io vivente te, per amor di Davidde tuo padre: io lo spezzerò tralle mani del tuo figliuolo,Neuerthelesse in thy dayes I wil not doe it, because of Dauid thy father: out of the hand of thy sonne I wil rent it,Verumtamen in diebus tuis non faciam propter David patrem tuum: de manu filii tui scindam illud, 13Neither will I take away the whole kingdom; but I will give one tribe to thy son, for the sake of David, my servant, and Jerusalem, which I have chosen.E non torrò a lui tutto il regno, ma una tribù darò al tuo figliuolo, per amor di Davidde mio servo, e di Gerusalemme eletta da me.neither wil I take away the whole kingdom, but one tribe I wil geue to thy sonne for Dauid my seruant, and Ierusalem. Which I haue chosen.nec totum regnum auferam, sed tribum unam dabo filio tuo propter David servum meum, et Jerusalem, quam elegi. 14And the Lord raised up an adversary to Solomon, Adad, the Edomite, of the king’s seed, in Edom.Or il Signore suscitò un nemico a Salomone, Adad Idumeo della stirpe reale, che era nell'Idumea.And our Lord raysed vp an aduersarie to Salomon, Adad an Idumeite of the kinges seede, who was in Edom.Suscitavit autem Dominus adversarium Salomoni Adad Idumæum de semine regio, qui erat in Edom. 15For when David was in Edom, and Joab, the general of the army, was gone up to bury them that were slain, and had killed every male in Edom,Imperocché essendo Davidde nell'Idumea, ed essendo andato Gioab capitano delle genti da guerra a dar sepoltura a quelli, che eran rimasti uccisi, e ad uccidere tutti i maschi dell'IdumeaFor when Dauid was in Idumea, and Ioab the general of the warfare was gone vp to burie them that were slayne, and had slayne al malekind in Idumea, (Cum enim esset David in Idumæa, et ascendisset Joab princeps militiæ ad sepeliendum eos qui fuerant interfecti, et occidisset omnem masculinum in Idumæa 16(For Joab remained there six months with all Israel, till he had slain every male in Edom,)(Conciossiachè per sei mesi ivi si trattenne Gioab, e tutto Israele, affine di porre a morte tutti i maschi dell'Idumea),for Ioab taried there six monethes and al Israel, til he slew al malekind in Idumea,)(sex enim mensibus ibi moratus est Joab, et omnis Israël, donec interimeret omne masculinum in Idumæa), 17Then Adad fled, he and certain Edomites of his father’s servants, with him, to go into Egypt: and Adad was then a little boy.Lo stesso Adad se ne fuggì accompagnato da altri Idumei servi del padre suo, per andar in Egitto: e Adad era di poca età.Adad him self fled, and men of Idumea of his fathers seruantes with him, to goe into Aegypt: and Adad was a litle boy.fugit Adad ipse, et viri Idumæi de servis patris ejus cum eo, ut ingrederetur Ægyptum: erat autem Adad puer parvulus.
18And they arose out of Madian, and came into Pharan, and they took men with them from Pharan, and went into Egypt, to Pharao, the king of Egypt: who gave him a house, and appointed him victuals, and assigned him land.E questi partitisi da Madian, giunsero a Pharan, e preser seco gente di Pharan, ed entrati in Egitto si presentarono a Faraone re dell'Egitto, il quale diede a lui casa, e vitto, e gli assegnò de' terreni.And when they rose out of Madian, they came into Pharan, and they tooke with them men of Pharan, and entered into Aegypt to Pharao the king of Aegypt: who gaue him a house, and appoynted him meates, and assigued him land.Cumque surrexissent de Madian, venerunt in Pharan, tuleruntque secum viros de Pharan, et introierunt Ægyptum ad Pharaonem regem Ægypti: qui dedit ei domum, et cibos constituit, et terram delegavit. 19And Adad found great favour before Pharao, insomuch that he gave him to wife the own sister of his wife, Taphnes, the queen.E Adad s'ingrazianì talmente con Faraone, che questi gli diede per moglie una sorella germana della regina Taphnes sua moglie.And Adad found grace before Pharao excedingly, in so much that he gaue him to wife, the germane sister of his wife Taphnes the queene.Et invenit Adad gratiam coram Pharaone valde, in tantum ut daret ei uxorem sororem uxoris suæ germanam Taphnes reginæ. 20And the sister of Taphnes bore him his son, Genubath; and Taphnes brought him up in the house of Pharao: and Genubath dwelt with Pharao among his children.E dalla sorella di Tuphnes ebbe egli il figliuolo Genubath, il quale da Taphnes fu allevato nella casa di Faraone; onde Genubath abitava in casa di Faraone co' figliuoli del re.And the sister of Taphnes bare him a sonne Genubath, and Taphnes brought him vp in the house of Pharao: and Genubath was dwelling at Pharaoes house with his children.Genuitque ei soror Taphnes Genubath filium, et nutrivit eum Taphnes in domo Pharaonis: eratque Genubath habitans apud Pharaonem cum filiis ejus. 21And when Adad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab, the general of the army, was dead, he said to Pharao: Let me depart, that I may go to my own country.Or avendo Adad sentito in Egitto, come Davidde si era addormentato co' padri suoi, e che Gioab capitano delle milizie era morto, disse a Faraone: Dammi licenza, ch'io men vada al mio paese.And when Adad in Aegypt had heard, that Dauid slept with his fathers, and that Ioab the general of the warefare was dead, he sayd to Pharao: Dismisse me, that I may goe into my countrie.Cumque audisset Adad in Ægypto dormisse David cum patribus suis, et mortuum esse Joab principem militiæ, dixit Pharaoni: Dimitte me, ut vadam in terram meam.
22And Pharao said to him: Why, what is wanting to thee with me, that thou seekest to go to thy own country? But he answered: Nothing; yet I beseech thee to let me go.E Faraone gli disse: Che ti manca in mia casa, onde tu abbi da cercare di andartene al tuo paese? E quegli rispose: Niente; ma ti prego di darmi licenza.And Pharao sayd to him: For what lackest thou with me, that thou seekest to goe into thyne owne countrie? But he answered: Nothing: yet I besech thee that thou dismisse me.Dixitque ei Pharao: Qua enim re apud me indiges, ut quæras ire ad terram tuam ? At ille respondit: Nulla: sed obsecro te ut dimittas me. 23God also raised up against him an adversary, Razon, the son of Eliada, who had fled from his master, Adarezer, the king of Soba.Suscitò ancora Dio a lui un altro nimico, Razon figliuolo di Eliada, il quale avea abbandonato Adarezer re di Soba suo signore.God also raysed vp to him an aduersarie, Razon the sonne of Eliada, who had fled Adarezer the king of Soba his lord:Suscitavit quoque ei Deus adversarium Razon filium Eliada, qui fugerat Adarezer regem Soba dominum suum: 24And he gathered men against him, and he became a captain of robbers, when David slew them of Soba: and they went to Damascus, and dwelt there, and they made him king in Damascus.Ed egli adunò gente contro di lui, e diventò capitano di ladroni, ai quali Davidde faceva aspra guerra; ed egli no se n'andarono a Damasco, e ivi abitarono, e a Razon diedero il regno di Damasco.and he gathered men agaynst him, and he became the captayne of theues, when Dauid killed them: and they went to Damascus, and dwelt there, and they made him king in Damascus,et congregavit contra eum viros, et factus est princeps latronum cum interficeret eos David: abieruntque Damascum, et habitaverunt ibi, et constituerunt eum regem in Damasco: 25And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon: and this is the evil of Adad, and his hatred against Israel; and he reigned in Syria.Ed egli fu nemico d'Israele per tutto il tempo di Salomone: e questo oltre il flagello di Adad, e l'odio di lui contro Israele: egli regnò nella Siria.and he was an aduersarie to Israel al the dayes of Salomon: and this is the euil of Adad, and hatred agaynst Israel, and he reigned in Syria.eratque adversarius Israëli cunctis diebus Salomonis: et hoc est malum Adad, et odium contra Israël: regnavitque in Syria. 26Jeroboam also, the son of Nabat, an Ephrathite, of Sareda, a servant of Solomon, whose mother was named Sarua, a widow woman, lifted up his hand against the king.Parimente Geroboam figliuolo di Nabath, Ephratheo, di Sareda, servo di Salomone, di cui la madre vedova chiamavasi Sarva, si ribellò contro il re.Ieroboam also the sonne of Nabath, an Ephratheite of Sareda, the seruant of Salomon, whose mother was called Serua, a woman widow lifted vp his hand agaynst the king.Jeroboam quoque filius Nabat, Ephrathæus, de Sareda, servus Salomonis, cujus mater erat nomine Sarva, mulier vidua, levavit manum contra regem.
27And this is the cause of his rebellion against him; for Solomon built Mello, and filled up the breach of the city of David, his father.E la causa, per cui si ribellò contro di lui, ella è questa, perchè Salomone edificò Mello, e colmò la voragine della città di Davidde suo padre.And this is the cause of his rebellion agaynst him, because Salomon built Mello, and filled vp the breache of the citie of Dauid his father.Et hæc est causa rebellionis adversus eum, quia Salomon ædificavit Mello, et coæquavit voraginem civitatis David patris sui. 28And Jeroboam was a valiant and mighty man: and Solomon seeing him a young man ingenious and industrious, made him chief over the tributes of all the house of Joseph.Or Geroboam era uom valoroso, e possente, e Salomone veggendolo giovane di buona indole, e attivo, gli avea data la soprintendenza de' tributi di tutta la casa di Giuseppe.And Ieroboam was a strong man and mightie: and Salomon seing the youngman of a good witte & industrious, had made him chief ouer the tributes of al the house of Ioseph.Erat autem Jeroboam vir fortis et potens: vidensque Salomon adolescentem bonæ indolis et industrium, constituerat eum præfectum super tributa universæ domus Joseph. 29So it came to pass at that time, that Jeroboam went out of Jerusalem, and the prophet Ahias, the Silonite, clad with a new garment, found him in the way: and they two were alone in the field.Or in quel tempo egli avvenne, che uscendo Geroboam da Gerusalemme, si imbattè per istrada in Ahia di Silo, profeta, il quale era coperto di un mantello nuovo: ed erano loro due soli nella campagna.It came to passe therfore at that tyme, that Ieroboam went out of Ierusalem, and the prophete Ahias the Silonite found him in the way, couered with a new cloke: and they two onlie were in the field.Factum est igitur in tempore illo, ut Jeroboam egrederetur de Jerusalem, et inveniret eum Ahias Silonites propheta in via, opertus pallio novo: erant autem duo tantum in agro. 30And Ahias taking his new garment, wherewith he was clad, divided it into twelve parts:E Ahia preso il suo mantello nuovo, che aveva addosso, lo spezzò in dodici parti.And Ahias taking his new cloke, wherwith he was couered, cut it into twelue partes.Apprehendensque Ahias pallium suum novum quo coopertus erat, scidit in duodecim partes. 31And he said to Jeroboam: Take to thee ten pieces: for thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel: Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give thee ten tribes.E disse a Geroboam: Prendi per te dieci pezzi; perocché così dice il Signore Dio d'Israele: Ecco, che io spezzerò tralle mani di Salomone il regno, e daronne a te dieci tribù.And he sayd to Ieroboam: Take vnto thee ten pieces: for thus sayth our Lord the God of Israel: Behold I wil rent the kingdom out of the hand of Salomon, and wil geue thee ten tribes.Et ait ad Jeroboam: Tolle tibi decem scissuras: hæc enim dicit Dominus Deus Israël: Ecce ego scindam regnum de manu Salomonis, et dabo tibi decem tribus.
32But one tribe shall remain to him for the sake of my servant, David, and Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel:Ma una tribù resterà a lui per amor di Davidde mio servo, e la città di Gerusalemme eletta da me fra tutte le tribù d'Israele:But one tribe shal remayne to him for my seruant Dauid, and Ierusalem the citie, which I haue chosen of al the tribes of Israel:Porro una tribus remanebit ei propter servum meum David, et Jerusalem civitatem, quam elegi ex omnibus tribubus Israël: 33Because he hath forsaken me, and hath adored Astarthe, the goddess of the Sidonians, and Chamos, the god of Moab, and Moloch, the god of the children of Ammon: and hath not walked in my ways, to do justice before me, and to keep my precepts, and judgments, as did David, his father.Perchè egli mi ha abbandonato, e ha renduto culto ad Astarte dea de' Sidonj, e a Chamos dio di Moab, e a Moloch dio de' figliuoli di Ammon; e non ha camminato nelle mie vie, per adempire quello, che è giusto dinanzi a me, e i miei comandamenti, e le mie leggi, come Davidde suo padre.because he hath forsaken me, and hath adored Astarthee the goddesse of the Sidonians, & Chamos the god of Moab, and Moloch the god of the children of Ammon: and hath not walked in my waies, to doe iustice before me, and my preceptes, and iudgementes as Dauid his father.eo quod dereliquerit me, et adoraverit Astarthen deam Sidoniorum, et Chamos deum Moab, et Moloch deum filiorum Ammon: et non ambulaverit in viis meis, ut faceret justitiam coram me, et præcepta mea et judicia, sicut David pater ejus. 34Yet I will not take away all the kingdom out of his hand, but I will make him prince all the days of his life, for David my servant’s sake, whom I chose, who kept my commandments, and my precepts.Ma nulla parte del regno terrò dalle mani di lui; ma farò, che egli il governi per tutto il tempo di sua vita, per amor di Davidde mio servo eletto da me, il quale osservò i miei comandamenti, e le mie leggi.Neither wil I take away al the kingdom out of his hand, but I wil make him prince al the daies of his life, for Dauid my seruant, whom I chose, who kept my commandmentes and my preceptes.Nec auferam omne regnum de manu ejus, sed ducem ponam eum cunctis diebus vitæ suæ, propter David servum meum quem elegi, qui custodivit mandata mea et præcepta mea. 35But I will take away the kingdom out of his son’s hand, and will give thee ten tribes:Ma terrò il regno dalle mani del suo figliuolo, e a te darò dieci tribù:But I wil take away the kingdom out of his sonnes hand, and wil geue thee ten tribes:Auferam autem regnum de manu filii ejus, et dabo tibi decem tribus:
36And to his son I will give one tribe, that there may remain a lamp for my servant, David, before me always in Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen, that my name might be there.E al figliuolo di lui darò una tribù, affinchè resti pel mio servo Davidde un piccol lume in perpetuo dinanzi a me in Gerusalemme, città eletta da me, per chè ivi si onorasse il nome mio.and to his sonne I wil geue one tribe, that there may remayne a lampe to Dauid my seruant at al times before me in Ierusalem, the citie which I haue chosen, that my name might be there.filio autem ejus dabo tribum unam, ut remaneat lucerna David servo meo cunctis diebus coram me in Jerusalem civitate, quam elegi ut esset nomen meum ibi. 37And I will take thee, and thou shalt reign over all that thy soul desireth, and thou shalt be king over Israel.E io prenderò te, e regnerai sopra tutto quello, che tu più ami, e sarai re sopra Israele.And thee wil I take, and thou shalt reigne ouer al thinges, that thy soule desireth, and thou shalt be king ouer Israel.Te autem assumam, et regnabis super omnia quæ desiderat anima tua, erisque rex super Israël. 38If then thou wilt hearken to all that I shall command thee, and wilt walk in my ways, and do what is right before me, keeping my commandments and my precepts, as David, my servant, did: I will be with thee, and will build thee up a faithful house, as I built a house for David, and I will deliver Israel to thee:Se tu adunque sarai attento a tutto quello, ch'io ti ordinerò, e camminerai nelle mie vie, e farai quello, che è giusto dinanzi a me, osservando i miei comandamenti, e le mie leggi, come fece Davidde mio servo, io sarò con te, e ti edificherò una casa permanente, come edificai la casa di Davidde, e ti farò signore d'Israele.If therfore thou wilt heare al thinges, that I shal command thee, and wilt walke in my waies, and doe that which is right before me, keeping my commandmentes and my preceptes, as Dauid my seruant did: I wil be with thee, and wil build thee a faythful house, as I built a house to Dauid, and I wil deliuer Israel to thee:Si igitur audieris omnia quæ præcepero tibi, et ambulaveris in viis meis, et feceris quod rectum est coram me, custodiens mandata mea et præcepta mea, sicut fecit David servus meus: ero tecum, et ædificabo tibi domum fidelem, quomodo ædificavi David domum: et tradam tibi Israël: 39And I will for this afflict the seed of David, but yet not for ever.E umilierò in questo la stirpe di Davidde, ma non per sempre.and I wil afflict the seede of Dauid vpon this, but yet not alwaies.et affligam semen David super hoc, verumtamen non cunctis diebus.
40Solomon, therefore, sought to kill Jeroboam: but he arose, and fled into Egypt, to Sesac, the king of Egypt, and was in Egypt till the death of Solomon.Salomone adunque tentò di far uccidere Geroboam; ma egli andò a rifugiarsi in Egitto presso di Sesac re dell'Egitto, e stette in Egitto fino alla morte di Salomone.Salomon therfore would haue killed Ieroboam: who arose, and fled into Aegypt to Sesac the king of Aegypt, and was in Aegypt vntil the death of Salomon.Voluit ergo Salomon interficere Jeroboam: qui surrexit, et aufugit in Ægyptum ad Sesac regem Ægypti, et fuit in Ægypto usque ad mortem Salomonis. 41And the rest of the words of Solomon, and all that he did and his wisdom: behold they are all written in the book of the words of the days of Solomon.Or tutte le altre geste di Salomone, e tutto quello, che egli operò, e la sua sapienza, tutto sta scritto nel libro dei Giorni di Salomone.And the rest of the wordes of Salomon, and al that he did, and his wisedom: behold they are al written in the Booke of the wordes of the daies of Salomon.Reliquum autem verborum Salomonis, et omnia quæ fecit, et sapientia ejus, ecce universa scripta sunt in libro verborum dierum Salomonis. 42And the days that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem, over all Israel, were forty years.E il tempo, che Salomone regnò in Gerusalemme sopra tutto Israele, fu di quarant'anni.And the daies, that Salomon reigned in Ierusalem ouer al Israel, are fourtie yeares.Dies autem quos regnavit Salomon in Jerusalem super omnem Israël, quadraginta anni sunt. 43And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David, his father; and Roboam, his son, reigned in his stead.E Salomone si addormentò co' Padri suoi, e fu sepolto nella città di Davidde suo padre; e succedette a lui nel regno Roboam suo figliuolo.And Salomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the citie of Dauid his father, and Roboam his sonne reigned for him.Dormivitque Salomon cum patribus suis, et sepultus est in civitate David patris sui: regnavitque Roboam filius ejus pro eo.
11:1
Haydock
Strange women, who had been brought up in the service of idols, and were not sincerely converted. (Haydock)
Haydock
He began with the spirit, but ended in the flesh, Galatians 3:3., and Ecclesiasticus 47:21. He was aware of the dangerous conversation of women, Ecclesiasticus 19:2. Yet he has left us in his own person an example of that dreadful truth, that it is difficult to love with discretion. (Haydock)
Calmet
Amare et sapere vix cuiquam conceditur. Nothing could be more beautiful than the commencement of his reign, nor more terrible than the latter part of it. Thou hast stained thy glory, etc., Ecclesiasticus 47:22. Hence we may apply to him, How are thou fallen from heaven? (Isaias 14:12.) (Calmet)
Salien
Pharao. This marriage seems to be blamed, as the source of Solomon's misfortunes; though it is probable, that she had pretended to embrace his religion. (Menochius) (Salien)
Tirinus
He ought to have repudiated her as soon as she relapsed. (Tirinus)
11:2
Haydock
Gods. See Exodus 34:16., and Deuteronomy 7:4. The law only forbids expressly the marrying of the women of Chanaan. But it was easy to discern, that the spirit of the law equally prohibited connexions with others who were addicted to idol-worship. See 1 Esdras 10:3. Such alliances are always dangerous, and generally prove fatal; (Calmet) unless there be good reason to believe that the parties are sincerely converted: in which case the prohibition ceases. (Haydock)
Love. Thus, nitimur in vetitum semper, cupimusque negata; and, stolen waters are sweeter, says impure love; but her guests are in the depths of hell, Proverbs 9:17, 18.
11:3
Haydock
Concubines, or secondary wives. (Haydock)
Salien
Those who have any sense of modesty, can hardly read this without blushing. (Salien)
Solomon was guilty not only of intemperance, but also of a transgression of the precept. (Menochius) (Deuteronomy 17:17.)
Haydock
He shall not have many wives: though as that command is indefinite, and David had eighteen, without blame, (2 Kings 3:3.) it is difficult to say how many a person might have, at that time, without exceeding the bounds of moderation. (Haydock)
Calmet
But a thousand wives for one man, is certainly too great a number. When Solomon wrote the Canticles, he had only sixty queens and eighty concubines, Canticle of Canticles 6:8. The Rabbins allow the king eighteen wives. But it is probable that most of the kings indulged themselves in a greater latitude. Darius, of Persia, took along with him to the wars 350 concubines, when he was overcome by Alexander. (Atheneus 13:1.) Priam had also many wives, besides Hecuba, the queen. The inferior wives looked upon those who had this title with a degree of respect, bordering on adoration. (Calmet)
11:4
Year of the World 3023, Year before Christ 981.
Calmet
Old; about fifty. (Salien) (Calmet)
Haydock
This is an aggravation of his guilt. (Haydock)
Haydock
Solomon spent the first thirty years of his reign in virtue: but towards the termination of it, he gave into idolatry, and into such excesses, that he deserves to be ranked with Henry VIII, who began well, but ended with dishonour. (Haydock)
Tirinus
Heart, and mind also, ver. 9. He sacrificed to idols, not only externally, but gave them internal worship; (Salien) so much was his understanding darkened, unless (Haydock) he acted against his better knowledge, Ecclesiastes 2:9. (Tirinus)
Du Hamel
Father who did not continue long in sin. (Du Hamel)
St. Gregory
"The wisdom, which had been given to him, entirely abandoned his heart, which the discipline even of the smallest tribulation had not guarded." (St. Gregory, Pastoral. p. 3.)
St. Augustine
"He had commenced his reign with an ardent desire of wisdom, and when he had obtained it by spiritual love, he lost it by carnal affections." (St. Augustine, Doct. 3:21.)
St. Augustine
"Prosperity, which is a severe trial for the wise, was more disadvantageous to him than wisdom herself had been profitable." (St. Augustine, City of God 17:20.)
Calmet
The Fathers do not attempt to palliate the guilt of Solomon; and those aggravate his crime, who endeavour to excuse him by saying, that his mind was still convinced that there could be but one God, and that his adoration of idols was merely external, and out of complaisance to his wives. See Santius,etc. (Calmet)
11:5
Haydock
Astarthe. Hebrew Hashtoreth, "ewes," is in the plural form, as if to denote many idols. But the moon, or the queen of heaven, (Jeremias 7:18.) is particularly designated, Judges 2:12. (Haydock)
Moloch. Hebrew Molciom, (their king) "the abomination;" (Haydock) supposed to be the sun, (Sanctius) or saturn. (Tirinus) See 4 Kings 23:10.
11:7
Tirinus
Chamos. Bacchus or Priapus, called Komos, by the Greeks, as he presided over "feasting." His worship was most shameful, and therefore performed in the night. The temples erected by Solomon, were not entirely demolished till the reign of Josias. (Tirinus)
Calmet
Hill. Hebrew, "Then Solomon erected a high place (temple, altar, or grove) to Chamos, the abomination of Moab, on the, etc., hill;" it is supposed of olives, (Haydock) to the east of Jerusalem, which was hence called, the mount of offence, 4 Kings 23:13. (Calmet)
Menochius
Yet no place was consecrated to idols within the city. (Menochius)
Haydock
The idols of Egypt are not specified, though the daughter of Pharao would, probably, interest herself in their favour. The Jews were more prone to those of Chanaan. We find, however, that they were addicted to the worship of Adonis, who was highly revered in Egypt; (Ezechiel 8:14.; Calmet) and the golden calves were an imitation of Apis. (Haydock)
Salien
Six temples were probably built, as wives of so many different nations are specified, ver. 1. (Abulensis) (Salien)
11:9
Haydock
Twice, or repeatedly. See 3 Kings 9:2. (Haydock)
Abulensis
He had appeared to him at Gabaon, and after the consecration of the temple, (Menochius) besides sending a prophet to him while he was building, 3 Kings 6:12. (Abulensis)
Calmet
God was not content with giving him the general commandments: he had condescended to caution him in a most particular and earnest manner: (Haydock) so that his transgression is more horrible and ungrateful. (Calmet)
Salien
No doubt the priests and prophets had often besought him to alter his conduct; but the sinner is deaf, till God speak to his heart. (Salien, the year of the world 3054.)
11:11
Haydock
This. Literally and Hebrew, "Because thou hast this with thee." (Haydock)
Salien
Since this is thy conduct, and fixed determination, to abandon my service, I will also reject thee. The Lord spoke to him in a third vision, (Calmet) or by the mouth of Ahias, (Abulensis) who was likewise appointed to inform Jeroboam of his election to a part of the kingdom. (Salien, the year of the world 3059.)
11:12
Menochius
Sake. As David placed this son upon the throne, the disgrace would seem to revert on him. (Menochius)
Haydock
Here we behold the reward of piety, and how desirable a thing it is to have saints for our parents. (Haydock)
11:13
Challoner
One tribe. Besides that of Juda, his own native tribe. (Challoner)
Tirinus
That of Benjamin had been so reduced, that it scarcely deserved the name of a tribe. It was also invariably connected with the adjoining tribe of Juda; as many of the other tribes, after the captivities of Assyria and Babylon, went by the common title of Jews. (Tirinus)
Calmet
The Levites, and many of the Israelites, came to inhabit in the land of Juda, for the sake of the true religion, 3 Kings 12:17., and 2 Paralipomenon 11:13, 16. Jeroboam banished the tribe of Levi from his dominions, that he might more easily introduce a change of religion among his subjects. The two kingdoms were thus almost equal in strength. (Calmet)
Salien
Chosen for the abode of holiness, and the seat of government. (Salien)
Worthington
One tribe....and Jerusalem; which latter may denote the tribe of Benjamin. (Worthington)
11:14
Adversary. Hebrew Satan. Nothing of this kind could molest him, while he continued faithful, 3 Kings 5:4. But now he sees the arm of God stretched out, pressing him to repent.
Salien
Adad. Septuagint Ader. Josephus says that this prince solicited Pharao to let him return into his own country, after the death of Joab: but was prevailed upon to desist from the attempt, till the affairs of Solomon began to decline. He then endeavoured to get possession of the country; but, being repelled by the strong garrisons of the Hebrews, he went and joined Razar, (Hebrew Razon) who had revolted against Aderezer; and made inroads into the dominions of Solomon consented, at the entreaty of Pharao, that Adad should reign over Idumea, on his paying tribute; and that the latter attempted to throw off the yoke. (Salien)
Calmet
But these particulars are uncertain, and Idumea was subject to the kings of Juda till the days of Joram, 2 Paralipomenon 21:8. (Calmet)
11:15
Salien
In Edom, in the 15th year of his reign. (Salien)
Abisai was the general in this expedition, 2 Kings viii., and 1 Paralipomenon 18:12.
11:17
Pineda
Boy. About five (Salien) or 12 years of age. (Pineda)
11:18
Land, to maintain him (Josephus) out of the royal domains, (Calmet) of which the kings were possessed. (Didor. 1:p. 46.)
Vatable
He appointed him governor of some part of the country. (Vatable)
11:19
Haydock
Full. Septuagint, "elder sister of his wife Thekemina." (Haydock)
11:23
Menochius
Razon. He must have been now about 94 years old; unless this was the son of Aderezer's general. (Salien) (Menochius)
11:24
Haydock
Robbers, or (Hebrew and Septuagint) "a band" with whom he made depredations. (Haydock)
Calmet
Damascus, with David's consent, on their admitting a garrison, (2 Kings 8:6,) and consenting to pay tribute; (Menochius) or Razon might make himself master of this place, only after the apostacy of Solomon. His successors became very formidable to the Jews, particularly Razin, (4 Kings xv., and xvi.) who was slain by Theglathphalassar, 4 Kings 5:9. (Calmet)
11:25
Haydock
Solomon, after he once began. (Haydock)
Menochius
Adad. Hebrew, "and with the evil of Adad, and he detested Israel." (Menochius)
Haydock
Razon and Adad conspired to attack Solomon. (Haydock)
Calmet
Adad may be the common name of the kings of Damascus. Some copies of the Septuagint do not speak of Razon, but continue the history of Adad, ver. 14. They also read Edom here instead of Aram, or Syria, which would remove the confusion. (Calmet)
Worthington
Adad, Razon, and Jeroboam always oppugn Solomon after his fall; and signify the flesh, the world, and the devil. (Worthington)
11:26
Haydock
King, attempting to draw the people into rebellion, as he perceived that they were discontent with the buildings at Mello. He had a command over them; and though he was, for the present, obliged to save himself by flight, he had sown the seeds of rebellion by his discourses, in such a manner, that the imprudent answer of Roboam (Calmet) easily brought them to maturity. (Haydock)
11:28
Salien
He was of the former tribe. (Salien)
Haydock
At first Solomon employed none of the Israelites to work, 3 Kings 9:22. But he afterwards oppressed them grievously. The king's right was to make his subjects cultivate his lands, etc., 1 Kings 8:11. They did not pay money, (Matthew 17:24,) but wrought for the king. Hebrew, "he made him ruler over all the charge," (or levy.) (Haydock)
Haydock
The Vulgate often uses the word tribute (Calmet) for sebel. Josephus believes that Jeroboam had the command over the forces of the house of Joseph: but he had rather the superintendency over the workmen. (Haydock)
11:29
Kennicott
Garment. Salma occurs 16 times in this sense, and simlee 27. The latter, we may presume, is the true reading, as it is in the Samaritan Pentateuch invariably; Exodus 22:26, 27, both words are printed in the Hebrew Bible. But it is not probable that Moses should have written them so; no more than a Latin author would use both vestinentum and vestimentum. Shamal, in Arabic, signifies "he clothed himself all over." (Kennicott)
Calmet
Way leading to Ephraim, (Menochius) his department. (Calmet)
Haydock
Field. Septuagint, "he drew him aside out of the road: and Ahias had on a new cloak, and both were in the field." (Haydock)
Haydock
Jeroboam would not probably go unattended; (Menochius) and it seems this transaction soon transpired, and came to the ears of Solomon. (Haydock)
11:30
Calmet
Parts. He speaks by his actions, (Menochius) thus foretelling what should happen, as was customary with the prophets, Osee 1:2., Jeremias 27:2., Ezechiel 12:7., and Acts 21:11. (Calmet)
Worthington
This tended to make a deeper impression on the mind, (Haydock) and convince all, that what was spoken, was not in jest. (Worthington)
11:34
Menochius
Make, or permit him to reign. (Menochius)
11:36
A lamp. Posterity, (2 Kings 21:17.) power, and glory, 4 Kings 8:19.
11:37
Calmet
Desireth. It seems he was already disposed to revolt. (Calmet)
11:38
Calmet
Faithful house, which shall not be destroyed, nor lose the kingdom, for a long time. Jeroboam never complied with the condition. (Calmet)
11:39
Menochius
For this infidelity of Solomon, (Haydock) afflict, by raising up a rival. (Menochius)
Calmet
For ever. Notwithstanding the wickedness of many of its princes, this family was to subsist, in a distinguished rank, till the coming of the Messias; that the completion of the promises might be more observable. (Calmet)
Menochius
After 250 years, the throne of Israel was subverted. (Menochius)
11:40
Haydock
Therefore, being apprized of what had passed, as well as to prevent the farther attempts of Jeroboam. (Haydock)
Calmet
Sesac. He is the first, whose proper name is given in Scripture. Whether he was of the same family, as the Pharao, whose daughter Solomon had married, cannot be ascertained. Marsham makes Sesac the same with the renowned Sesostris, the Sethosis of Manetho. But Usher thinks that Sesostris reigned immediately after the Israelites left Egypt; while Pezron, etc., suppose that Amenoplis, who was drowned, was even his grandson. (Calmet)
11:41
Haydock
Words, or transactions. (Haydock)
Challoner
Book. This book is lost, with divers others mentioned in holy writ. (Challoner)
Haydock
Nathan, Ahias, and Addo, composed these journals, 2 Paralipomenon 9:29. (Haydock)
Calmet
Similar works were kept at the courts of Persia and of Babylon, Esther 6:1., and 1 Esdras 6:2. Plutarch quotes the journal of Alexander; and Tacitus (An. iii.) informs us, that the smallest occurrences were specified in journals, at Rome, while things of greater importance were recorded in the annals. The books of days, are cited in the Paralipomenon, so that we cannot suppose that these journals are the same with that work. (Calmet)
Salien
God was pleased that those writings should not come down to us; so that we can only speak from conjecture of the repentance of Solomon. (Salien, the year of the world 3058.)
11:42
Haydock
Forty. Josephus says eighty; and some suppose, that the Scripture only specifies the years during which Solomon reigned virtuously. Pezron is of the same opinion as Josephus. (Haydock)
Calmet
Others contend that it is a manifest mistake. Immoderate pleasures hastened his old age and death, when he was about fifty-eight years old. All in him was great, whether we consider the virtues of his early days, or the vices of his old age. He falls from heaven into the abyss. His repentance is a problem. (Calmet)
11:43
Year of the World 3029, Year before Christ 975.
Challoner
Solomon slept, etc. That is, died. He was then about fifty-eight years of age, having reigned forty years. (Challoner)
Calmet
St. Chrysostom, at different times, seems to have entertained opposite opinions on this head, (Haydock) which has been a matter of controversy among the Fathers, as it is at present with us. We ought to adore and imitate, with trembling, the silence of Scripture. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint seem favourable to Solomon: (Proverbs 24:32.) "At last I did penance, and looked forward, to embrace discipline." (Haydock)
Calmet
But the Hebrew, Chaldean, and Vulgate have nothing similar. (Calmet)
Haydock
Some think that the Book of Proverbs, as well as that of Ecclesiastes, was composed by him after his repentance; and that he expresses his sentiments of affliction and self-condemnation, (Proverbs 30:2.) and his opinion of all earthly gratifications, Ecclesiastes 1:2., etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
Yet this dreadful uncertainty may serve to keep us all in humble fear, and teach us to work out our salvation with trembling. (Calmet)
Pineda
If Solomon really repented, (Haydock) he might not have time or power to remove all the vestiges, and the very foundations of the idolatrous temples, which Ezechias also neglected in ruins, as no longer dangerous, and as so many monuments of the folly of Solomon. But Josias caused them to be entirely removed, 4 Kings 23:13. (Salien, the year of the world 3059.) The daughter of Pharao would probably imitate her beloved husband. (Pineda)
Chron. Min. Heb. Salien
Sadoc seems to have departed this life about the same time with Solomon; as his son Achimaas, who had married Basemath, the king's daughter, succeeded him in the pontificate, at the commencement of Roboam's reign. (Chron. Min. Heb. Salien)
11:13
One tribe.... Besides that of Juda, his own native tribe.
11:41
The book of the words, etc.... This book is lost, with divers others mentioned in holy writ.
11:43
Solomon slept, etc.... That is, died. He was then about fifty-eight years of age, having reigned forty years.
11:3
Though pluralitie of wiues was then alowed, yet it was forbid to multiplie manie. Deut.
11:13
The tribe of Iuda.
By Ierusalem is vnderstood the tribe of Beniamin, wherin it stood. so there remained two tribes to Salomons heyres.
11:15
Concordanza 2. Reg. •.
11:23
Concordanza ••. Reg. 10.
11:25
From the time that Salomon fel to idolatrie, he was more impugned by three perpetual aduersaries, Adad, Razon, and Hieroboam; mystically signifying the flesh, the world, and the diuel.
11:30
This fact cō firmed his wordes. that he spoke seriously & fained not.
11:43
VVhether he repented and was saued or no, is vncertaine.
11:1
sant'Ireneo di Lione † 202 d.C. Against Heresies 4.27.1
… And the foreign women turned away his heart after strange gods. And Solomon did evil in the sight of the Lord: he did not walk after the Lord, as did David his father. And the Lord was angry with Solomon; for his heart was not perfect with the Lord, as was the heart of David his father.”
Afraate † 346 d.C. Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 6.3
… Amnon was beautiful and fair in countenance, yet (the adversary) took him captive by desire for his sister, and Absalom slew him on account of the humbling of Tamar. Solomon was greater than all the kings of the earth, yet in the days of his old age his wives led his heart astray.
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 22.12
… “Against thee, thee only, have I sinned and done this evil in Thy sight.” Being a king he feared no one else. So, too, with Solomon. Wisdom used him to sing her praise, and he treated of all plants “from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall;” and yet he went back from God because he was a lover of women.
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Reply to Faustus the Manichæan 22.5
… or how David, after having a number of wives, seduced the wife of his soldier Uriah, and caused Uriah himself to be killed in the battle; or how his son Solomon had three hundred wives, and seven hundred concubines, and princesses without number;
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 89.33
… “From the fruit of thy body,” saith the Lord unto David, “shall I set upon thy sea.” He promised from his seed something for evermore: and, Solomon, born to him, became master of such wisdom, that the promise of God respecting the fruit of David’s body was believed to have been fulfilled in him; but Solomon fell,
11:3
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. An Exhortation to Theodore After His Fall 2.2
… For the son of this David, Solomon by name, was caught by the same snare as his father, and out of complaisance to women fell away from the God of his fathers.
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. Against Jovinianus 1.24
… He passes on to Solomon, through whom wisdom itself sang its own praises. Seeing that not content with dwelling upon his praises, he calls him uxorious, I am surprised that he did not add the words of the Canticles: “There are threescore queens, and fourscore concubines, and maidens without number,” and those of the First Book of Kings;
11:4
Tertulliano † 220 d.C. The Prescription Against Heretics 3
… Saul, who was good beyond all others, is afterwards subverted by envy. David, a good man “after the Lord’s own heart,” is guilty afterwards of murder and adultery. Solomon, endowed by the Lord with all grace and wisdom, is led into idolatry, by women.
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.63
… “Be not joined together with unbelievers. For what participation is there between righteousness and unrighteousness? or what communication hath light with darkness?” Also concerning Solomon in the third book of Kings: “And foreign wives turned away his heart after their gods.”
11:7
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 127.1
… Solomon himself was a lover of women, and was rejected by God: and this lust was so great a snare unto him, that he was induced by women even to sacrifice to idols,
11:11
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. An Exhortation to Theodore After His Fall 1
… Nevertheless I will not do this in thy days.” Wherefore? “For David thy father’s sake, I will take it out of the hand of thy son.”
11:12
Afraate † 346 d.C. Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 21.13
… and Jesus wept over Jerusalem, His persecutor, which was to be laid waste. David handed over the kingdom to Solomon, and was gathered to his people; and Jesus handed over the keys to Simon, and ascended and returned to Him who sent Him. For David’s sake, sins were forgiven to his posterity; and for Jesus’ sake sins are forgiven to the nations.
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. An Exhortation to Theodore After His Fall 2.2
… This same Solomon then, who was formerly righteous and wise but who ran a risk of being deprived of all the kingdom on account of his sin, God permitted to keep the sixth part of the government on account of the renown of his father.
11:13
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. On the Catechising of the Uninstructed 20
… In the service of prefiguring this King in that earthly kingdom of the people of Israel, King David stood forth pre-eminent,
11:14
Tertulliano † 220 d.C. The Five Books Against Marcion 3.20
… Then, again, the throne for ever with the kingdom for ever is more suited to Christ than to Solomon, a mere temporal king. From Christ, too, God’s mercy did not depart, whereas on Solomon even God’s anger alighted, after his luxury and idolatry. For Satan
Origene † 254 d.C. A Letter from Origen to Gregory 2
… Now the sacred Scripture is wont to represent as an evil the going down from the land of the children of Israel into Egypt, indicating that certain persons get harm from sojourning among the Egyptians, that is to say, from meddling with the knowledge of this world, after they have subscribed to the law of God, and the Israelitish service of Him. Ader
Origene † 254 d.C. Letter of Origen to Gregory 2
… and in this a great truth is wrapped up. For some it is of evil that they should dwell with the Egyptians, that is to say, with the learning of the world, after they have been enrolled in the law of God and in the Israelite worship of Him. Ader the Edomite,
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. On the Lord's Prayer 25
… Did not the Lord, against whom they sinned, and would not walk in His ways, nor hear His law? and He has brought upon them the anger of His wrath.” And again, when Solomon sinned, and departed from the Lord’s commandments and ways, it is recorded, “And the Lord stirred up Satan against Solomon himself.”
san Gregorio Nazianzeno † 389 d.C. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 43.55
… Such was his conduct in these cases, such its result. Did he then treat others in a different way, and engage in petty disputes about trifles, or fail to rise to the heights of philosophy in a course of action which merits no praise and is best passed over in silence? By no means. He who once stirred up the wicked Hadad against Israel,
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 108.18
… It is not surprising that I declare this of men and women, when the jealousy of the Pharisees succeeded in crucifying our Lord Himself. All the saints have had illwishers, and even Paradise was not free from the serpent through whose malice death came into the world. So the Lord stirred up against Paula Hadad the Edomite
11:23
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.81
In the Gospel according to John: “Jesus said, Thou couldest have no power against me, unless it were given thee from above.” Also in the third of Kings: “And God stirred up Satan against Solomon himself.”
11:28
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 78.34
34. “And He rejected,” he saith, “the tabernacle of Joseph, and the tribe of Ephraim
11:29
Tertulliano † 220 d.C. The Five Books Against Marcion 4.35
… But the believer knows that there is a profounder reason. Consider, therefore, the true motives. The miracle was performed in the district of Samaria, to which country also belonged one of the lepers. Samaria, however, had revolted from Israel, carrying with it the disaffected nine tribes, which, having been alienated by the prophet Ahijah,
11:30
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. On the Holy Trinity 3.10
… just as he, for instance, bore that person who divided his garment into twelve parts, and gave ten of them to the servant of King Solomon, to the future king of Israel.
11:31
sant'Ireneo di Lione † 202 d.C. Against Heresies 1.18.3
… The arrangement also made by Sarah when, after ten years, she gave her handmaid Hagar to him, that by her he might have a son, showed the same thing. Moreover, the servant of Abraham who was sent to Rebekah, and presented her at the well with ten bracelets of gold, and her brethren who detained her for ten days; Jeroboam also, who received the ten sceptres
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. On the Unity of the Church 7
… for thus saith the Lord, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and I will give ten sceptres unto thee; and two sceptres shall be unto him for my servant David’s sake, and for Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen to place my name there.”
11:33
san Gregorio Nazianzeno † 389 d.C. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 16.19
… What shall we say to these things who know no limit to our getting, who worship gold and silver, as those of old worshipped Baal, and Astarte and the abomination Chemosh?
11:34
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 2.7
… “I have found David according to My heart”? Who ever walked in holiness of heart and in justice as he did, so as to fulfil the will of God; for whose sake pardon was granted to his children when they sinned, and their rights were preserved to his heirs?
11:1
1. REX AUTEM SALOMON ADAMAVIT MULIERES ALIENIGENAS MULTAS, Gentiles scilicet et Chananaeas, quae suos deos et idola colebant, et ad eadem colenda Salomonem maritum suum induxerunt. Vide hic quam periculosum sit uxores ducere infideles, vel haereticas. 2. DE GENTIBUS SUPER QUIBUS DIXIT DOMINUS FILIIS ISRAEL: NON INGREDIEMINI AD EAS. Lex ista exstat Exod. xxxiv, 16, loquiturque duntaxat de Chananaeis, ut ibidem patet, quales erant Sidoniae et Hethaeae: quare peccavit Salomon contra legem eas ducendo. Alias aliarum gentium feminas in uxores duci lex permittebat Hebraeis, dummodo illae prius abjuratis idolis, ad Deum verum et religionem Hebraeorum converterentur. In hoc quoque peccavit Salomon, quia duxit eas persistentes in sua idololatria; unde ab eis ad idola colenda pertractus est. Ita Abulensis.
11:3
3. FUERUNTQUE EI UXORES QUASI REGINAE SEPTINGENTAE ET CONCUBINAE TRECENTAE, id est universim mille. «Reginae» vocantur primariae uxores, quae regum et principum erant filiae, ideoque regio cultu et nomine utebantur: «concubinae» erant secundariae uxores, utpote plebeiae. Licet S. Hieronymus, epistola 132, eas vocet «scorta.» Miserabilis fuit hic lapsus Salomonis viri sapientissimi et sanctissimi, quo in sex gravia scelera prolapsus est. Primum, ejus scelus fuit, quod contra legem duxerit alienigenas et idololatras. Secundum, quod nimis multas, puta mille. Lex enim Deut. cap. xvii, vers. 17, jubebat regi dicebatque: «Non habebit uxores plurimas.» Tertium, quod eis potestatem fecerit colendi sua idola, imo eis delubra in monte Oliveti aedificarit. Quartum, quod ipse eadem adorarit. Quintum, quod suo exemplo multos Hebraeos ad eadem colenda impulerit. Sextum, quod immania tributa populo indixerit, quia ad tot reginas ornandas et magnifice alendas, immensis opibus erat opus. Et hoc est grave jugum, de quo capite sequenti, apud Roboam filium queruntur Hebraei, ideoque ab eo schisma faciunt. In Salomone videre est, quam verum sit illud vetus dictum: Vestis pulchra, jocus, potus, cibus, otia, somnus, Enervant mentem luxuriamque fovent. ET AVERTERUNT MULIERES COR EJUS; a Deo vero ad idola mentem et voluntatem ejus deflexerunt. 4. CUMQUE JAM ESSET SENEX, DEPRAVATUM EST COR EJUS PER MULIERES, UT SEQUERETUR DEOS ALIENOS. Hinc patet Salomonem vere coluisse idola, quare mirum est id ipsum hic negare Robertum Stephanum. Nam id ipsum affirmat S. Irenaeus, lib. IV, cap. xlv, Justinus, dial. Contra Tryphon., Tertullianus, lib. V Contra Marcion., S. Basilius, epist. ad Chelidon., S. Augustinus, lib. XIV De Civit. Dei, cap. xi. Adoravit ea autem, non quod in eis aliquid inesse divinitatis censeret, sed ut suis concubinis morem gereret. Audi S. Augustinum, lib. XI De Genesi ad litteram, cap. XLII: «Ita Salomon vir tantae sapientiae, numquidnam credendum est quod in simulacrorum cultu credidit esse aliquid utilitatis? sed mulierum amori ad hoc malum trahenti resistere non evaluit, faciens quod sciebat non esse faciendum, ne suas, quibus deperibat atque diffluebat, mortiferas delicias contristaret.» Confirmat idipsum exemplo Adae, dum subdit: «Ita et Adam, posteaquam de ligno prohibito seducta mulier manducavit, eique dedit ut simul ederent, noluit eam contristari, quam credebat posse sine suo solatio contabescere; si ab ejus alienaretur animo, et omnino illa interire discordia. Non quidem carnis victus concupiscentia, quam nondum senserat in resistente lege, membrorum legi mentis suae: sed amicali quadam benevolentia, qua plerumque fit, ut offendatur Deus, ne homo ex amico fiat inimicus; quod eum facere non debuisse, divinae sententiae justus exitus indicavit.»
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5. SED COLEBAT SALOMON ASTARTHEN DEAM SIDONIORUM. Haec erat Venus de qua dixi Judic. cap. II, vers. 13. ET MOLOCH, sive «Melchom,» cui filios concremando immolabant, de quo dixi Levit. xviii, 21. Unde et Salomonem eidem filium vel filios suos immolasse et concremasse censet Pineda et Salianus.
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7. TUNC AEDIFICAVIT SALOMON FANUM CHAMOS. «Chamos» est κῶμος, deus temulentiae, puta Bacchus; unde ab eo dicta est comessatio. Vide dicta Rom. XIII, 13, ad illa: «Non in comessationibus.» Causa tanti lapsus fuit nimia Salomonis prosperitas, opulentia, deliciae et libidines. Proxima causa fuere uxores, quas ardentissime amabat: hae enim eum dementarunt juxta illud: «Vinum et mulieres faciunt apostatare sapientes.» Disce hic, quam cavendae sint feminae; amor earum enim est insuperabilis, et quidvis licet pretiosissimum et scelestissimum ab amasiis extorquet: fuge ergo illas, quia nec sapientior es Salomone, nec fortior Samsone, nec sanctior Davide; qui omnes per feminas ceciderunt. Sapienter Eucherius hic: «Admonendi sunt, inquit, quibus hoc saeculum prosperatur, qui nullis adversitatibus hujus mundi feriuntur, quod Salomon post acceptam sapientiam usque ad idololatriam cecidisse describitur, quia nihil in hoc mundo, priusquam caderet, adversitatis habuisse memoratur: sed concessa sapientia cum funditus deseruit, eo quod eum nulla saltem minima tribulationis disciplina custodivit, nisi postquam Deum deseruit, et se a Deo desertum esse cognovit.» Et S. Bernardus, lib. II De Consideratione ad Eugenium, sub finem: «Adverte, ait, quam rarus semper exstiterit, qui non vel modice in prosperitate animum relaxaverit a sui custodia et disciplina. Quando hoc incautis non fuit ad disciplinam quod ignis ad ceram, quod solis radius ad nivem vel glaciem? Sapiens David, sapiens Salomon fuit: sed blandientibus nimis secundis rebus alter ex parte, alter ex toto desipuit. Magnus qui incidens in adversa, non excidit vel parum a sapientia. Nec minor cui praesens felicitas arrisit, non irrisit. Quanquam facilius inveneris qui sapientiam retinuerunt contraria sibi fortuna, quam qui propitia non perdiderunt.»
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11. Quia habuisti hoc apud te, quia in animum tuum induxisti a me apostatare et colere idola. Aut, quia in te inventum est scelus apostasiae et idololatriae. SCINDAM REGNUM TUUM (in duo; scilicet in regnum Juda et Israel, sive decem tribuum); ET DABO ILLUD SERVO TUO. Jeroboam, quem creabo regem Israelis, cap. xii. 13. Tribum unam dabo filio tuo, «unam,» scilicet praeter suam, q. d. Praeter tribum Juda, ex qua quia ortus est David, hinc ipsa nepotum ejus propria censetur, adjiciam et unam aliam tribum, scilicet Benjamin. Ita Abulensis, vel, ut Cajetanus, tribus Juda et Benjamin censebantur una eademque, et vocabantur «regnum Juda.» Porro Abulensis, Torniellus et Salianus censent Deum haec dixisse Salomoni, non per se nec per Angelum, eo quod eo indignus esset Salomon, sed per Ahiam Silonitem, de quo vers. 29. Pinedae tamen, lib. III, cap. ii, num. 5, censet Deum hic per se tertio apparuisse Salomoni; hoc enim simpliciter verba significant, cum dicitur vers. 11: «Dixit itaque Dominus Salomoni.» Denique Salomon nil Deo respondit, unde videtur in suo scelere perstitisse. Quaeres, an Salomon sit damnatus an salvatus? Problema hoc est priscum. Damnatum censent Tertullianus, lib. II De Praescript. cap. ii; Cyprianus, epist. 7; S. Augustinus, lib. XVII De Civit. Dei, cap. viii et xx; S. Chrysostomus, serm. De Paenitentia; Beda in lib. III Reg. cap. vi; Rabanus in IV Reg. cap. xxiii; Isidorus, De Vita et morte Proph. cap. xxiv; Lyranus, Abulensis, et alii hic. Ratio est prima, quia Scriptura commemorans ejus lapsum tam gravem, non adjicit ejus poenitentiam, sicut adjicit in lapsu Davidis. Secundo, quia ipse sua delubra idolis aedificata non destruxit: nam ea destruxit tandem Josias. Respondent aliqui, ipsum ea obserasse, vel destruxisse usque ad rudera, quae ab impiis reaedificata, vocantur «excelsa Salomonis;» sed id dicunt, non probant. Tertio, quia ad hoc videtur Deus Salomonem in hac vita cumulasse omnibus bonis, ut ejus merita remuneraretur in hac vita, et scelera puniret in futura, juxta illud Abrahae ad divitem epulonem: «Fili, recordare quia recepisti bona in vita tua, et Lazarus similiter mala: nunc autem hic consolatur, tu vero cruciaris.» Quarto, quia amor ardens feminarum longa consuetudine roboratus pene est insuperabilis: talis autem fuit amor Salomonis, qui tot suis amasiis perdite amatis undique cingebatur, ut etiamsi poenitere vellet, non posset. Huc facit, quod ante paucos annos in Italia uni e nostra Societate contigit. Vocabatur ille ut concubinario cuidam in morte adesset. Adfuit, et totis viribus eum ad poenitentiam hortatus est, ut amoribus illicitis valediceret, nunc blandiendo, nunc minando instans Dei judicium et gehennam. Sed et concubina flens rogabat eum ut poeniteret, et moriendo animae saluti consuleret: omnia frustra surdo cecinerunt. Ille enim dixit, se nec velle nec posse amicam tamdiu dilectam abdicare. Quare impoenitens miseram exhalavit animam. Ex adverso cum poenitentiam et salvatum esse opinantur Rabbini veteres, et ex eis S. Hieronymus, S. Gregorius Thaumaturgus, Rupertus, Pineda, Salianus, Barradius, Serarius, Sanchez, Bellarmininus et alii, qui asserunt eum post lapsum scripsisse Ecclesiasten, in quo quasi poenitens se vanis amoribus et idolis vacasse exclamat: «Vanitas vanitatum, et omnia vanitas.» Hoc argumentum foret validum, si constaret Ecclesiasten a Salomone scriptum post lapsum, non ante, qua de re dixi prooemio in Ecclesiasten: nam dicta et scripta ejus recensita sunt initio libri hujus cap. iv et v, ante lapsum: lapsus vero ejus in senio demum hoc cap. xi narratur. Probant primo, quia Deus, II Reg. vii, promiserat Davidi se Salomonem, si peccaret, correpturum «in virga virorum,» qua scilicet homines castigari solent ut emendentur. Secundo, quia Proverb. cap. xxiv, 23, Septuaginta addunt: Novissime ego quoque egi poenitentiam, respexique ut eligerem disciplinam. Tertio, quia Salomon fuit Ididia, id est dilectus Deo, Christi typus et scriptor canonicus tot sacrorum librorum. Pluribus id probat Pineda, lib. VIII De Rebus Salomon, cap. 1, sect. 6. Meam sententiam aperui Eccli. xlvii, 22, ad illa: «Dedisti maculam in gloria tua.» Romae concionator quidam insignis, publice inter concionandum asseruit, nuper cuidam sanctae personae revelatum esse, Salomonem ad haec usque tempora acres poenas in purgatorio subiisse, at jam iis absolutum abiisse in coelum. Sed hae revelationes examinandae sunt, nec feminis eas asserentibus facile credendum.
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14. SUSCITAVIT AUTEM DOMINUS ADVERSARIUM SALOMONI ADAD IDUMAEUM, ab Austro, sicut ab Aquilone hostem ei suscitavit Razon, vers. 23. Haec poena a Deo inflicta fuit Salomoni adhuc viventi; prior, scilicet regni scissio, eidem irrogata est post mortem. Quomodo Deus suscitet Israeli et fidelibus hostes, exposui Judic. III, 8. Porro Pineda, lib. VII, cap. xviii, num. 7, censet has Dei minas de regni scissione Salomoni intentatas anno regni ejus 32, ut reliquis octo annis maximas molestias et animo et corpore sustineret. Idem tamen in sua Chronologia, hanc objurgationem ad finem anni 37 Salomonis refert. Trigesimo octavo vult suscitatos Salomoni adversarios, trigesimo nono ipsum resipuisse, quadragesimo denique defunctum esse: quae videtur plurimum rationi consentanea distributio, ait Salianus.
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15. ET ASCENDISSET JOAB AD SEPELIENDUM EOS QUI FUERANT INTERFECTI. Probabile est, quod censet Cajetanus, tunc accidisse, ut praesidiarii Davidis relicti in Idumaea a se subacta, post ejus obitum caesi sint ab Idumaeis: itaque Joab ivisse eo ad illos sepeliendos, et ad vindicandam illorum necem: unde omnes Idumaeorum masculos occidisse, exceptis forte parvulis, qui excipiuntur lege Deuter. xx, 14.
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21. DIXIT PHARAONI: DIMITTE ME UT VADAM IN TERRAM MEAM. Hic videtur fuisse series historiae quam Scriptura hic paucis convolvit. Adad ex semine regio Idumaeae puer fugit, vel potius a servis abductus est in Aegyptum, cum David vastaret Idumaeam. In Aegypto gratiam invenit apud Pharaonem, adeo ut Pharao ei sororem conjugis suae dederit uxorem. Hic audiens Davidem vastatorem Idumaeae mortuum, petiit a Pharaone veniam redeundi in suum Idumaeae regnum, quam Pharao tandem concessit. Anno ergo Salomonis tertio in Idumaeam rediit, trigesimum circiter, ut ait Abulensis, agens annum, ubi cum bona venia Salomonis, interventu Pharaonis, qui utrumque sibi affinitate conjunxerat, videtur in Idumaea regnasse tributarius eadem lege ac conditione tributi, quam imposuerat David; nihil enim ab eo tempore in Idumaea mutatum aut turbatum invenitur. Hic ultimis Salomonis annis, videns eum effeminatum, infatuatum et contemptibilem factum, tributum ei negavit, ac rebellans se suamque Idumaeam in libertatem vindicavit. Ita Abulensis, Salianus et alii (1).
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23. Suscitavit quoque ei Deus adversarium Razon, qui, ut sequitur, factus princeps latronum, constituit se regem Damasci. Justa congruaque fuit haec poena, ut Salomoni Deo rebellanti rebellarent pariter tam subditi quam bello subacti. Sic Deus peccatori suscitat adversarios, qui eum stimulent, et ad Deum redire cogant.
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25. ERATQUE (Razon) ADVERSARIUS ISRAELI CUNCTIS DIEBUS SALOMONIS: ET HOC EST MALUM ADAD, ET ODIUM CONTRA ISRAEL, REGNAVITQUE IN SYRIA. Josephus, Cajetanus et alii sic exponunt, q. d. Adad junxit se cum Razon, ac ejus ope roboratus rebellavit Salomoni, fecitque se regem Syriae. Sed aberrant: nam Syriae, puta Damasci, regem se fecit Razon, ut dictum est vers. praecedenti. Adad vero ut filius regis Idumaeae, in sua Idumaea regnavit. Sensus ergo est, q. d. Razon fuit adversarius Israelis et Salomonis, sicque adauxit malum hostilitatis Adad contra Israel, «regnavitque in Syria,» scilicet ipse Razon, non autem Adad. Unde Chaldaeus vertit, et fuit (Razon) adversarius Israeli cunctis diebus Salomonis, et cum malo quod fecit Hadad, rebellavit in Israel, et regnavit super Aram, id est Syriam, q. d. Razon cum Hadad rebellavit Salomoni, et afflixit Israelem, fecitque se regem Syriae. Ita Vatablus, Pineda et Salianus. Id clare significant Septuaginta Romana, quae haec verba transponunt junguntque vers. 22, ubi sic legunt: Et reversus est Ader in terram suam, hoc est malum quod fecit Ader, et aggravavit, sive afflixit Israelem, et regnavit in terra Edom: Pro Aram nonnulli legunt, Edom: litterae enim ד et ר sunt persimiles, ut una saepe pro alia substituatur; sicut hic pro Adad Septuaginta legunt Ader. Concludit ergo Scriptura jungendo duos Salomonis hostes, Adad scilicet et Razon, ac tertium maximumque addendo vers. sequenti, nimirum Jeroboam. Denique utraque sententia conciliari potest, dicendo Adad primo regnasse in Idumaea, deinde ex ea, utpote montosa ac sterili migrasse in Syriam, utpote divitem et fertilem, ac mortuo Razon rebellionis socio successisse ei in regno Syriae. Nam ejus filius Benadad fuit rex Syriae, ut patet III Reg. xx, 1, imo ab Adad caeteri reges Syriae post eum dicti sunt Benadad, id est filii et successores Adad, ideoque infesti Israeli. Ita S. Hieronymus in cap. I Amos, Rabbini et Vatablus, lib. IV Reg. cap. vi, vers. 28. 26. JEROBOAM QUOQUE FILIUS NABATH, EPHRATAEUS. Hic tertius fuit hostis Salomonis. Hebraei apud S. Hieronymum in Tradit. censent «Nabath» esse Semei, qui maledixit Davidi, ideoque occisus est a Salomone, quare ejus filium Jeroboam grave, et quasi ex patre ingenitum in Davidem et Salomonem odium concepisse, ideoque ei rebellasse. Verum errant: nam Semei erat ex tribu Benjamin, Jeroboam vero erat «Ephrathaeus» id est ex tribu Ephraim, quae tribus fuit arrogans, aemula Judae, et avida imperii. Unde in Jeroboamo illud occupavit, tenuitque pene toto tempore regum Israel. Pluribus exemplis Ephraimitarum arrogantiam et turbulentum ingenium ostendit Salianus anno mundi 3057, num. 22. MULIER VIDUA. Ita Hebraeus, Chaldaeus, Septuaginta hic; sed cap. seq. Septuaginta Romana habent, mulier fornicaria, sive meretrix: et sic legit Lucifer Calaritanus, lib. De Regibus Apostaticis. LEVAVIT MANUM CONTRA REGEM, postquam ab Ahia propheta decem pallii scissuras, et per eas regni decem tribuum promissionem a Deo accepit, ut sequitur; tunc enim videtur sollicitasse decem tribus per revelationem hujus prophetiae, ut a Salomone tam duro tributorum exactore ad se quasi mitiorem futurum deficerent: forte etiam aperte rebellavit Salomoni, et regnum invasit, uti haec verba insinuant. Ita Josephus, Pineda et Salianus; licet etiam ante Ahiae prophetiam Jeroboam rebellasse censeant Abulensis et Torniellus. Qua in re peccavit: Deus enim hic ei tantum per Ahiam promisit regnum decem tribuum, non autem illud reipsa ipsi nunc dedit, sed demum post mortem Salomonis sub Roboam. Quare inique et injuste Jeroboam contra Salomonem regem suum insurrexit. Ita Abulensis. Sicut cum Samuel secreto unxit Davidem in regem, non eo ipso dedit ei jus ad regnum, sed ut regnaret post mortem Saulis: unde David, vivente Saule, nihil circa regnum attentavit. Denique opinatur Salianus Jeroboam pariter nil contra Salomonem attentasse, sed tantum dici «levasse manum contra regem,» eo quod ab Ahia designatus sit rex contra Salomonem, et designationem hanc Ahiae acceptarit. Vulgi enim sermone qui regnum alicujus, licet sibi oblatum, acceptat, dicitur regi rebellare; Serarius vero ait eum «levasse manum» contra Salomonem, quia eam levavit contra Roboam Salomonis filium. Verum cum aliquid mox contra Salomonem molitum esse, hac phrasi proprie significat Scriptura, idque confirmat subdens: «Et haec est causa rebellionis adversus eum.» Rebellavit ergo ipse Salomoni. Unde Josephus, lib. VIII, cap. ii: «His, ait, Prophetae verbis erectus ad spes magnas Jeroboamus, cum esset alioqui inquieto et ambitioso ingenio, quamprimum in suam provinciam pervenit, non immemor praesagii prophetici, sollicitare populum coepit, ut a Salomone deficeret: sique principatum deferret.» Josephum sequuntur Torniellus, Pineda, Abulensis et alii.
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31. Tolle tibi decem scissuras, ut per hoc cognoscas te sub Roboam e duodecim tribubus Salomonis regno sublaturum, et tibi arrogaturum decem tribus Israel, ut mox explicat Ahias. Symbolice, hae decem scissurae significabant regnum decem tribuum in decem familias sibi invicem succedentes, fore scindendum, ac decies dividendum, ait Rupertus. Hic enim fuit ordo et successio regum Israel sive decem tribuum. Primam scissuram decem tribuum a duabus fecit Jeroboam. Hujus filium, ait Rupertus, lib. V, cap. IV, nomine Nadab percussit Baasa. Haec secunda Israel scissura regni est. Ejusdem Baasa filium Hela occidit Zambri, regnavitque pro eo. Zambri se in palatio incendit obsidente Amri, qui et pro eo regnavit. Post hunc regnavit Achab, et post eum filius ejus Ochozias, et post eum frater ejus Joram. Sed istum occidit Jehu, regnavitque pro eo usque ad quartam generationem. Quintum ab illo percussit Sellum, regnavitque pro eo. Sed et istum percussit Manahem, regnavitque pro eo. Filium quoque hujus Phaceiam percussit Phacee filius Romeliae, regnavitque pro eo, sed et contra istum conjuravit Osee, percussitque eum et interfecit, regnavitque pro eo. Contra istum ascendit rex Assyriorum et transtulit Israel in Assyrios. Haec decima fuit scissura. Nam in Jeroboam prima, in Baasa secunda, in Zambri tertia, in Amri quarta, in Jehu quinta, in Sellum sexta, in Manahem septima, in Phacee filio Romeliae octava, in Osee nona, in rege Assyriorum, qui divisos a Deo et David rege suo, divisit etiam loco, transferendo in Assyrios, recte computatur decima.» Tropologice, Jeroboam primus schismaticus notat haereticos, qui Ecclesiam suam haeresi discindunt: ac praesertim principes, qui ut regnum sui regis orthodoxi invadant, haeresim inducunt ac haereticos in auxilium vocant, uti fecit Jeroboam (idem factum vidimus in Belgio) qui idcirco regnum perdidit, uti Deus hic ei praedicendo comminatur. Hinc apposite, ait Angelomus, «Jeroboam Hebraice interpretatur dijudicans populum. Nam et haeretici dijudicare populum videntur, cum erroris sui sequacem faciunt.» Tunc enim fit illud: «Tolle tibi decem scissuras.» Sic et Rupertus, lib. V, cap. v, Eucherius, Beda et alii.
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32. Porro una tribus (Juda cum Benjamin sibi associata) REMANEBIT EI, scilicet Salomoni, puta Roboam Salomonis filio et successori. 36. UT REMANEAT LUCERNA DAVID SERVO MEO. «Lucerna» vocatur Davidis regis posteritas, non qualiscumque, sed regalis, splendida et gloriosa. Sicut enim lux solis se propagans, novam in aere spargit lucem, et sicut candela vel lucerna una accendit aliam, et haec aliam et aliam; sic pariter David rex genuit Salomonem regem, et Salomon genuit Roboam regem, et ita de ceteris ejus posteris. «Lucerna» ergo appellatur hic successio regia posterorum Davidis, quae erat quasi lucerna et quasi residuum quoddam lucis, id est splendoris et gloriae Davidis refulgens in Jerusalem. Ita Cajetanus.
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37. Te autem assumam, et regnabis super omnia quae desiderat anima tua, erisque rex super Israel. 38. Si igitur audieris omnia quae praecepero tibi, et ambulaveris in viis meis, et feceris quod rectum est coram me, custodiens mandata mea, et praecepta mea, sicut fecit David servus meus: ero tecum, et aedificabo tibi domum fidelem quomodo aedificavi David domum, et tradam tibi Israel. 39. Et affligam semen David super hoc, verumtamen non cunctis diebus. 40. Voluit ergo Salomon interficere Jeroboam: qui surrexit et aufugit in Aegyptum ad Sesac regem Aegypti, et fuit in Aegypto usque ad mortem Salomonis. 41. Reliquum autem verborum Salomonis, et omnia quae fecit, et sapientia ejus: ecce universa scripta sunt in Libro verborum dierum Salomonis. 42. Dies autem, quos regnavit Salomon in Jerusalem super omnem Israel, quadraginta anni sunt. 43. Dormivitque Salomon cum patribus suis, et sepultus est in civitate David patris sui, regnavitque Roboam filius ejus pro eo.
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38. AEDIFICABO TIBI DOMUM FIDELEM, id est familiam regalem, continuam et stabilem, ut scilicet posteri tui in regno decem tribuum continua serie succedant. Mirum est, quod Jeroboam et Principes ei similes non credant hisce Dei, qui prima est veritas, verbis et promissis; sed contrariis modis per impietatem, fraudes et scelera conentur sibi parare regni regiaeque sobolis stabilitatem; quo fit, ut Deum contra se concitent, itaque ab eo funditus evertantur, uti contigit Jeroboam, omnibusque regibus Israel ejus successoribus.
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39. ET AFFLIGAM SEMEN DAVID SUPER HOC, id est propter hoc, scilicet propter te, si mihi fueris fidelis, q. d. Si mihi fideliter servieris, te exaltabo, et posteros Davidis aemulos tuos humiliabo et deprimam. VERUMTAMEN NON CUNCTIS DIEBUS. Rabbini in Seder-Olam, cap. xv, hoc referunt ad regnum Asa regis Juda, qui valde regnum Juda evexit. Salianus et alii referunt ad Ezechiam; nam ejus anno sexto decem tribus abductae sunt in Assyriam, tuncque desiit regnum, et reges decem tribuum aemuli regum Juda. Mystice, hoc maxime impletum est a Messia, puta a Christo, qui quasi Davidis filius rursum regnavit super totum Israel, universumque orbem, ab eoque colitur ut Deus, Messias et Rex regum. Ita Cajetanus, Abulensis, Serarius et alii. Unde a Christo in coelum ascensuro querebant discipuli: «Domine, si in tempore hoc restitues regnum Israel?» Actor. 1. Porro Deus tam serio Jeroboam inculcat veram sui religionem et cultum, quia praevidebat eum schisma facturum a Deo et templo propter regnum, cum tamen Deus vellet per eum schisma a Salomone in Dei cultu factum resarcire. At cur Deus id praesciens nihilominus eum regem constituit? Respondeo, ut puniret populum, eique impio similem, scilicet impium daret regem, aeque ac jam ante eidem dederat impium Saulem, ait Rupertus, et ex eo Salianus. Populus enim jam magna ex parte erat corruptus, tam regis imitatione, quam propria malitia, ad quam eum pellexit otium, deliciae, et rerum omnium abundantia. Volens ergo Deus castigare populum impium, dedit regem Jeroboam, qui populi cupidinibus et desideriis ad idola colenda obsequeretur, itaque tot calamitatum, et tandem extremi excidii eidem fieret causa, juxta illud Job xxxiv, 30: «Qui regnare facit hypocritam (id est impium) propter peccata populi.»
11:40
40. VOLUIT ERGO SALOMON (re intellecta, quod scilicet Ahias Jeroboamo detulisset regnum decem tribuum) INTERFICERE JEROBOAM, quasi regni sui aemulum et invasorem. Addit Chaldaeus, Cant. cap. viii, vers. 12, eum quoque voluisse occidere Ahiam, eo quod ipse regnum detulisset, ideoque Ahiam pariter fugisse in Aegyptum: sed de Ahia nil habet hic Scriptura; est tamen id probabile. Nam delicati sunt reges, et quoslibet etiam sanctos, qui alios reges inducere satagunt, persequuntur, ut perduellionis reos; qui enim tangit regnum, tangit pupillam eorum. Verum haec magna, ait Dionysius, fuit Salomonis excaecatio, ambitio et impatientia, quasi vellet et posset impedire propositum Dei de regni divisione.
11:41
41. In Libro verborum (id est factorum vel gestorum) Salomonis, puta in Diariis, Chronicis et Annalibus Salomonis. 43. DORMIVITQUE (somno mortis) SALOMON CUM PATRIBUS SUIS, anno aetatis 60, aiunt Lyranus, Abulensis, etc. Narrant Zonaras et Cedrenus, ejus sepulcrum sub Hadriano Imperatore dissiliisse ac concidisse, eamque rem motus et tumultus Judaicos portendisse. Sic et Dio in Hadriano, lib. LXIX, de Judaeorum desertione tractans, ob quam omnes fere ab eo interempti sunt, et tota Judaea desolata: «Id eis, inquit, antequam bellum gereretur, fuerat denuntiatum ex eo quod monumentum Salomonis, quem illi summa reverentia colunt, sua sponte divisum corruerat.» Figuram et formam Salomonis ex Cant. v, 10: «Dilectus meus candidus et rubicundus,» etc. Ita colligit Pineda, lib. VI, cap. iv, et ex eo Salianus. Salomon fuit colore candido et rubicundo, natura calida et humida, sed paulo calidiore, caesarie densa; capillis aurescentibus, et modice crispantibus, sicut elatae palmarum; oculi justae magnitudinis, implentes orbem suum, splendentes ac caesii, leni placidoque intuitu; genae efflorescentes atque hilares, sicut lilia mixta rosis: labia ejus tenuia et mollia, ut rubentia Syriae lilia; os ipsum afflans suavis odoris halitum; manus delicatae, molles, articulatae, quasi torno politae; digiti longiores, deductiora brachia; pectus et thorax candida, velut pixis eburnea, moderatae magnitudinis et formae; crura illius quasi columnae marmoreae, vel Pariae candidissimae; pedes sicut bases aureae elaboratissimae, mediocri magnitudine; incessus firmus et constans; statura procera et erecta; vox suavissima: dignus qui speciosum forma prae filiis hominum repraesentaret. Sed pleraque horum supervenientes anni vitiaque Salomoni ademerunt: ac praesertim effusa libido atque morbi, moerores et angores ob idololatriam illi a Deo in senio immissi: unde Ecclesiasticus, cap. xlvii, ejus elogia hac flebili catastrophe threnoque concludit: «Et inclinasti femora tua mulieribus: potestatem habuisti in corpore tuo, dedisti maculam in gloria tua, profanasti semen tuum inducere iracundiam ad liberos tuos, et incitari stultitiam tuam, ut faceres imperium bipartitum.» Vide ibi dicta. Sub annum regni Salomonis vigesimum natus est Homerus, poeta Graecorum sapientissimus, quem passim imitatus et Latino versu consectatus est Virgilius, Latinorum poetarum princeps. Quare de Homeri natali loco certant septem Graeciae urbes, nimirum «Smyrna, Rhodus, Colophon, Salamin, Chios, Argus, Athenae:» Imo Ietas, id est incolae insulae Io, Homero aram excitasse, eique quasi deo sacrificasse, testatur Gellius, lib. III, cap. xi. Homero coaevus et suppar fuit Hesiodus. Ita decuit ut sub Salomone Hebraeorum, imo mortalium omnium, sapientissimo, sapientia apud Graecos nasceretur, indeque ad Latinos transferretur. Ita ex S. Cyrillo, lib. VII Contra Julian. et aliis Salianus anno Salomonis vigesimo, qui fuit ab excidio Trojae annus 168, ante Romam conditam 460, tunc quoque regnabat in Latio sextus rex Sylvius, Aeneae Sylvii filius, ac Dido condidit Carthaginem, ait Eusebius in Chronico. Denique Josephus, lib. VIII, cap. iii, hoc Salomoni epitaphium ponit: «Moritur Salomon regum omnium felicissimus, opulentissimus et prudentissimus, excepto peccato, ad quod a mulieribus jam senescens pertractus est.» Jam ante proclamarat, totique mundo concionatus erat Salomon: «Vanitas vanitatum et omnia vanitas,» et tamen vanitas vanaque species mulierum eum in senio dementavit, vanumque reddidit, ut seipsum fecerit summum vanitatis speculum. Evanuit enim ejus sapientia, evanuit ejus sanctitas, evanuit ejus potentia, evanuit ejus felicitas et gloria, evanuit denique sanitas et vita praesens, utinam non aeterna. Quid est homo etiam sapientissimus, ditissimus, potentissimus, si Deum deserat, et a Deo deseratur? utique non est aliud quam mancipium vanitatis, imago stultitiae, praeda mortis, aerumnarum abyssus. Oh! si Salomoni liceret ad vitam redire, qualem ageret poenitentiam, qualem institueret vitam, quid mortalibus inclamaret! utique illud S. Salvii a morte ad vitam revocati apud Gregorium Turonensem, lib. VII Histor. cap. 1: «Audite, filii Adae, et intelligite, quia nihil est quod cernitis in hoc mundo; sed omnia vanitas. Omnia ergo ut vana contemnite, ut veram gloriam Dei mereamini adipisci in coelo.» Vana sunt sceptra, vanae tiarae, vana Venus, vanae opes, vana vina, vanus orbis universus. «O curas hominum, o quantum est in rebus inane!» Nil verum, nil bonum, nil magnum, nisi aeternum. Aeterna cogitate, aeterna ambite: ut Deus vos beet in aeternum, per omnia saeculorum saecula. Amen.
11:1
… talvolta simbolo del Messia, non tutti i singoli tratti della sua vita si prestavano a questo impiego simbolico, e meno di tutti si prestavano le sue vicende muliebrì dal momento che il suo traviamento muliebre gli era rimproverato dalla Bibbia stessa (I Reg. 11, 1-4; Eccl. [Volg.] 42, 21-22). E in realtà né il suo matrimonio con l'egiziana, né tanto meno i suoi presunti amori con la Sulamite o altre donne, ebbero tale risonanza da assurgere …
… Il re Salomone ebbe delle mogli straniere; la figlia del faraone d'Egitto, moabite, sidonie, hittite (I Reg. 11, 1). Molti secoli prima, Esaù figlio di Giacobbe sposò Giuditta figlia di Beeri hittita, e Basemath figlia di Elon hittita (Gen. 26, 34). Iudc. 1, 22 sgg. racconta di un anonimo cacciato …
Si insiste anche nel riprovare il m. con straniere quale causa di sincretismo religioso e di corruzione morale (cf. Gen. 28, 6-9; Iud. 3, 5 sg.; I Reg. 11, 1 sg.; Mal. 2, 11 sg.; Eid. 9, 1 sgg.; Neh. 10, 30; 13, 23-25). In modo particolare la proibizione valeva per le varie popolazioni cananee della Palestina o delle regioni limitrofe …
… Si continua a descrivere la potenza straordinaria di questo Re contro le forze occulte; infine si rileva come egli perdette ogni potere sovrumano a causa dei suoi amori con donne straniere (cf. I Reg. 11, 1 sgg.).
… E deriva spesso da « matrimoni misti »; il re Salomone ce ne offre un esempio tipico (III Reg. 11, 1-18). Nell'ambito di una stessa religione, la rivalità tra santuari indipendenti li spinge ad appropriarsi gli uni gli altri concezioni e pratiche che incontrano il favore dei loro clienti. …
11:3
… S. si formò un harem con un numero esagerato di donne (I Reg. 11, 3; cf. Cant. 6, 8), molte straniere e idolatriche, verso le quali il re teocratico, costruttore del tempio di Jahweh, fu tanto debole, da costruire in Gerusalemme e nei dintorni dei …
11:4
… In esso i Settanta traducono con τέλειον la parola ebraica tāmim che indicava perfezione (Deut. 18, 13; I Reg. 8, 61; 11, 4; Sap. 9, 6) più nel senso di perfezione legale, esteriore che intimo, pur non escludendolo (cf. Fr. Platt, Perfection, in Enc. of Rel. and Eth., IX, 728 sgg.).
11:5
… Melchom è il babilonese Malkum, venerato dai Semiti orientali fin dal sec. XXIV a. C. Salomone eresse a Melchom un altare a destra del monte degli Ulivi (I Reg. 11, 5.7.33; II Reg. 23, 13).
… La Volgata usa il nome in I Reg. 11, 5, 33. Il plurale si trova in Iudc. 2, 13; 3, 7, ecc., e viene spiegato analogamente al plurale di Baal. …
11:7
CHAMOS (ebr. Kéméf). - Dio nazionale e principale dei Moabiti (Iudc. 11, 24; I Reg. 11, 7, 33; II Reg. 23, 13), chiamati perciò « popolo di C. » (Num. 21, 29; Ier. 48, 46). Il re Mesa si chiama « figlio di C. », e a lui, come a dio della guerra, per essere liberato …
… valle di Gē-Hinnōm o Gehenna (v.), ove erano stati offerti a Moloch sacrifici umani (II Reg. 23, 10); rovesciò l'altare dei šē'īrīm (Volg. satiri), che era presso la porta della città; dissacrò le alture (maššēhōth) fatte erigere da Salomone (I Reg. 11, 7) presso il Monte Oliveto in onore di Astarte, Chamos e Moloch: quivi erano innalzati cippi e pali sacri a Baal e 'Āšērāh, che I. fece demolire, riempiendo i luoghi di ossa umane …
Nel Vecchio Testamento M. è sempre messo in relazione con i sacrifici umani, particolarmente dei bimbi (Lev. 18, 21; 20, 2-5; I Reg. 11, 7; II Reg. 23, 10; Ier. 32, 35); essi venivano sgozzati (Ez. 16, 21) e quindi posti su una griglia (tōpheth) a bruciare, secondo la tipica espressione ebraica: ha-ābhīr... bā'ēl lam-mōlekh …
11:14
… 4 [ebr. 18], e cf. 11, 14.23.25), è tradotto ἐπίβουλος «insidiatore». Διάβολος traduce šār e šōrēr («nemico»: Aman) in Esth. 7, 4 e 8, 1. Mentre la Volgata del Vecchio Testamento traslittera 5 volte satan, i Settanta accolgono oṇrā solo in I Reg. 11, 14, 23. Διάβολος ricorre anche in Sap. 2, 24 (origine de «la morte nel mondo») e I Mach. 1, 36.
20, 14 sgg.; Iude. 5, 4; 11, 17 sg.; II Sam. 8, 14; I Reg. 9, 26; 11, 14 sgg.; II Reg. 3, 8 sg.; 8, 20-22, ecc.). …
IOAB (EBR. JÔ'ÂBH « JAHWEH È PADRE »)
… impresa di I. ne determinò la caduta: ciò gli meritò la carica di generale supremo (II Sam. 5, 6-8; I Par. 11, 4-6). Si distinse nelle guerre contro gli Ammoniti, gli Aramei e specialmente contro gli Edomiti, che quasi sterminò (II Sam. 10-11; Ps. 59, 2; I Reg. 11, 14-21).
Gen. 26, 21, «accusa» Esd. 4, 6) ricorre nella Bibbia ebraica nove volte come nome comune: «avversario» in guerra (I Sam. 29, 4; I Reg. 5, 18; 11, 14, 23, 25) o in tribunale (Ps. 108, 6) o colui che sbarra la via: II Sam. 19, 23; cf. Mt. 16, 23 e Mt. 8, 33: Gesù respinge Pietro che gli ostacola la strada verso la croce; I Mach. …
11:17
si rifugi Geroboamo inseguito dalla collera di Salomone (I Reg. 11, 40), come aveva fatto Adad al tempo di David (I Reg. 11, 17-22). Nel 927 il re Šešonk si intromette anzi direttamente negli affari della Siria e saccheggia Gerusalemme (I Reg. 14, 25 sg.), invadendo poi anche il regno di Geroboamo, suo protetto; …
David, perseguitato da Saul, vi si rifugiò dopo la morte di Samuele (I Sam. 25, 1); anche l'idumeo Adad, fuggendo da Ioab verso l'Egitto, attraversò il deserto e condusse seco molti abitanti del paese (I Reg. 11, 17 sg.).
11:20
… connesse vicende della nazione, il messaggio profetico si sussegue ininterrottamente come ministero costante (I Sam. 3,1; Act. 3,24; Hebr. 11,32). Al tempo di David: Gad (I Sam. 22,5; ecc.) e Nathan (II Sam. 7,2; ecc.); sotto Salomone: Ahia (I Reg. 11,20; ecc.); Semeia sotto Roboam; un « uomo di Dio » sotto Ieroboam; Iehu sotto Baasa (ibid. 12,22; 13; 16,1); Hanani sotto Asa; Iehu, Iahaziel, Eliezer sotto Iosaphat (II Par. 16, …
11:23
… David sottomise l'Aram (v.) di D.; però sotto il regno di Salomone D., per opera di Razon, ridiventò indipendente (II Sam. 8, 5-9; I Reg. 11, 23-26). Asa, re di Giuda, chiese e ottenne di stringere alleanza contro Bassa (v.), re d'Israele, con Benadad, figlio di Tabremon, figlio di Hezion (nei Settanta: Εὐρῶμ), che incorporò allora …
(I Reg. 11, 23 sgg.).
SOBA (EBR. ṢĀBHĀH, ṢĀBHĀ', SETTANTA ΣΟΦΆ,-ἈΛ)
Ebbero a difendersi contro il Regno di S., per lo più perché impegnato in piccole coalizioni antisraelitiche, Saul (I Sam. 14, 47), David (II Sam. 8, 3; 10, 6 sgg.) e Salomone, che lo sottomise (II Par. 8, 3; cf. I Reg. 11, 23-25). Dopo l'età di Salomone non viene più menzionato: probabilmente fu assorbito da Damasco e ne seguì le sorti fino alla conquista assira. …
11:26
Già durante il Regno di Salomone si era distinto come intelligente lavoratore ed era stato soprintendente degli operai del casato di Giuseppe (I Reg. 11, 26 sgg.). …
11:27
Mediante un grande terrapieno o millō' (I Reg. 11, 27) fu riunita la città di David alla nuova città e con un nuovo muro (detto « il primo muro » da Fl. Giuseppe, Bell. …
… L'etimologia del nome (= « riempitura ») e lo scopo prefissosi dal monarca « di chiudere la breccia della città di David » (I Reg. 11, 27) fanno pensare a un baluardo o terrapieno, la cui natura esatta rimane però ignota, per proteggere un qualche punto debole fra la « città di David » e le costruzioni del Tempio e dei …
11:29
AHIA (VOLGATA AHIAS; EBR. 'ABIJJAH, COME ACHIA, V.)
… (tagliando il suo mantello nuovo in 12 parti e consegnandogliene 10) la volontà del Signore di scindere il regno, dando a lui 10 tribù da governare, e di lasciare ai discendenti di Salomone, per loro peccati una tribù (Giuda con buona parte di Beniamino; cf. I Reg. 11, 29-40). Ormai vecchio e cieco, alla moglie di Jeroboam, venuta da Thersa ad interrogarlo in Silo pel figlio Abia (v.) ammalato, predisse la morte di questo e la distruzione della loro casa …
… In quel periodo il profeta Ahia gli significò con un'azione simbolica (stracciando il pallio in 12 parti) che sarebbe divenuto capo di 10 tribù (I Reg. 11, 29-39). Perseguitato quindi da Salomone, cercò rifugio in Egitto presso il faraone Sesac. …
… Già al tempo di Salomone, Ahia, per vaticinare la scissione del Regno, divise il suo mantello nuovo in 12 parti e ne diede 10 a Ieroboam (I Reg. 11,29 sgg.; cf. Is. 20; ma specialmente Geremia, Ezechiele, con 4 visioni e 11 azioni simboliche: F. Spa-
SILO (EBR. ŠILŌ O ŠILŌH, GR. ΣΗΛΏ, ΣΗΛΏΝ)
… 13-23). Caduta l'Arca in potere dei Filistei e distrutto il Santuario dove dal sacerdote Eli era stato accolto Samuele fanciullo (I Sam. 4; Ier. 7,12; 26,16; Ps. 38,60), la città andò perdendo la sua primitiva importanza, quantunque fosse ancora popolata (I Reg. 11,29). Riacquistò splendore nel tempo dei Seleucidi fino all'epoca bizantina; cristiani, giudei e musulmani sino al sec. XIV ne venerarono i sacri ricordi.
… simboliche si trovano pure in diversi libri storici, p. es., quelle compiute da Samuele (I Sam. 11, 5-7), da Ionathan (ibid. 20, 20-22), dal profeta Ahia di Silo (che dividendo il mantello in dodici parti simboleggiò la divisione del Regno di Salomone: I Reg. 11, 29-39), da un figlio dei profeti (ibid. 20, 35-43), dal falso profeta Sedecia (ibid. 22, 11), da Eliseo (II Reg. 14-19), da Neemia (Neh. 5, 12-13). Nel Nuovo Testamento si possono considerare …
11:40
si rifugi Geroboamo inseguito dalla collera di Salomone (I Reg. 11, 40), come aveva fatto Adad al tempo di David (I Reg. 11, 17-22). Nel 927 il re Šešonk si intromette anzi direttamente negli affari della Siria e saccheggia Gerusalemme (I Reg. 14, 25 …
SESAC (EBR. ŠĪŠAQ, SETTANTA ΣΟΝΟΑΧΊΑ)
Avendo Salomone perseguitato Ieroboam, questi si rifugiò presso S. e vi rimase fino alla morte di Salomone (I Reg. 11, 40), sicché si fece l'ipotesi che Ieroboam stesso fosse l'istigatore di S. ad invadere la Palestina; ma il Faraone, dopo aver invaso il Regno di Giuda, saccheggiò anche notevole parte …
11:41
… Quando l'agiografo cita fonti letterarie si deve supporre che in linea di massima le approvi (p. es., I Reg. 11, 41; 14, 29; 15, 31 ecc.). …
RE, I E II (III E IV) LIBRO DEI
Sono citate esplicitamente le seguenti fonti: il Libro delle gesta di Salomone (I Reg. 11, 41); gli Annali dei Re di Giuda (15 volte, la prima per Roboam [I Reg. 14, 29], l'ultima per Ioachin [II Reg. 24, 5]); gli Annali dei Re d'Israele (18 volte, la prima per Ieroboam [I …
11:43
… ebraici, ricavati in pareti rocciose, ma anche artificiali (cf. per Abramo e Sara: Gen. 23, 4-20; per Debora: ibid. 35, 8; per Giacobbe, ibid. 49, 29-30; per Mosè: Deut. 34, 6; per Giosuè: Ios. 24, 30-33; per Davide: I Reg. 2, 10; per Salomone: ibid. 11, 43; ecc.). …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.