C
2,386 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Corippus, Flavius Cresconius (CORIPPO, FLAVIO CRESCONIO)
Formerly a grammar teacher in a town in Africa, he later went to Carthage. In 549 or 550 he published an epic poem in 8 books, entitled Iohannis or De bellis… -
Cork, Diocese of (CORK, DIOCESI DI)
In Eire (Ireland), a suffragan of Cashel. The name derives from the Gaelic corcach (market). The origin of the diocese goes back to the first decades of the… -
Cormier, Hyacinthe-Marie (CORMIER, HYACVNTHE-MARIE)
Dominican, b. at Orléans on 8 Dec. 1832, d. at Rome on 17 Dec. 1916. A religious from 1856, after making his profession in Rome at St. Sabina (1859), he was… -
Cornacchini, Agostino
Sculptor, b. at Pescia in 1685 and d. at Rome shortly after 1740. A pupil of G. B. Foggini, he embraced the Baroque in its pictorial and somewhat academic… -
Cornaggia-Medici Castiglioni, Carlo Ottavio
Senator, born in Milan on 6 Dec. 1851, died there on 10 Apr. 1905. A deputy for Milan in the 22nd and 23rd legislatures, he was appointed senator in 1904.… -
Cornaro, Luigi (Alvise)
He belonged to the illustrious Corner family. Born in Venice in 1475 and died in Padua on 8 January 1566. Passionate about agriculture and hydraulics, he… -
Corneille, Pierre
Tragic poet, b. at Rouen on June 6, 1606, d. at Paris on Sept. 30, 1684. His biography, with few external events, offers the vigorous profile of an intense… -
Cornejo Pedrosa, Pietro de
Carmelite theologian, b. in 1566 at Salamanca, d. there on 31 March 1618. Appointed to one of the chairs of philosophy at the University of Salamanca in 1566… -
Cornelisse, Doroteo
Franciscan theologian, b. at Steenbergen (Holland) on 21 Sept. 1865, d. at Nijmegen on 31 Dec. 1940. He completed his studies successfully at the Athenaeum of… -
Cornelius (CORNELIO)
A Roman centurion, stationed at Caesarea in Palestine, converted to Christianity through the direct intervention of God and admitted to baptism by St. Peter… -
Cornelius a Lapide (Cornelis Cornelis-Sen van den Steen) (CORNELIO A LAPIDE (CORNELIS CORNELIS-SEN VAN DEN STEEN))
Celebrated exegete, b. at Bocholt (Belgian province of Limburg) on 18 Dec. 1567, d. at Rome on 11 or 12 March 1637. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1592… -
Cornelius, Karl Adam
German historian, b. at Würzburg on 12 March 1819, d. at Munich on 10 Feb. 1903. After having taught for some time at the lyceum of Braunsberg, he was… -
Cornelius, Pope (CORNELIO, PAPA)
The Lib. Pont. (I, p. 150), in its biography, calls him "natione Romanus"; G. B. De Rossi considered him a relative rather than a client > CORNELIUS, POPE -… -
Cornely, Karl Joseph Rudolph
Distinguished Jesuit exegete, b. at Breyell in the Rhineland on 19 April 1830, d. at Trier on 3 March 1908. He lived for 3 years in Lebanon, in 1865-66 he… -
Cornice
The frame, besides being a decorative complement to an object and particularly to a painting, is also, according to a more strictly aesthetic purpose, an… -
Cornoldi, Giovanni
Jesuit, one of the principal restorers of Thomism in Italy, b. in Venice on 29 Sept. 1822, d. in Rome on 18 Jan. 1892. Disgusted with the philosophical… -
Cornomania (CORNOMÀNIA)
A Roman popular festival that took place on the afternoon of Low Saturday (sabato in albis) at the Lateran in the presence of the pope and which then continued… -
Cornouailles, Diocese of (CORNOUAILLES, DIOCESI DI)
CORNOUAILLES, DIOCESI di: v. QUIMPER, DIOCESI di. -
Cornubiensis, Iohannes (John of Cornwall) (GIOVANNI DI CORNOVAGLIA (IOHANNES CORNUBIENIS))
Theologian of the 12th century, d. ca. 1176. Little is known of his life; his place of origin is also uncertain, for which reason some consider him French… -
Coro, Diocese of (CORO, DIOCESI DI)
In the Republic of Venezuela. Erected by Pius XI on 1 Oct. 1922, this diocese had already been erected a first time by Clement VII on 21 June 1531, with the… -
Coron
Today Korōnē, a city in the Peloponnese, formerly the seat of a Greek bishopric, mentioned for the first time at the Council of Ephesus (431), and of a Latin… -
Coronated (CORONATO)
Notary, who in the 8th century wrote a legendary life of St. Zeno of Verona, which was shortly afterward abridged by an unknown author into an abecedarian… -
Coronation (INCORONAZIONE)
Ceremony by which a sovereign is put in possession of his dignity, through the imposition of the crown, the symbol of power. The term c. generally also… -
Coronelli, Vincenzo Maria
Cartographer and geographer, b. in Venice on 16 Aug. 1650, d. there on 9 Dec. 1718. He entered the Order of Friars Minor Conventual at a very young age, and… -
Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille
Painter, b. in Paris on 16 July 1796, d. there on 22 Feb. 1875. Encouraged by the painter A. E. Michallon, he studied (1796-1822) with Victor Bertin. In 1825… -
Corozain
A city of Galilee visited several times by the Savior, but which did not receive his message and was, together with Capernaum and Bethsaida, included in the… -
Corpi Santi
By these are meant those bodies that were taken from ancient cemeteries and placed in veneration as the bodies of previously unknown martyrs. This practice… -
Corporal (CORPORALE)
It is a square of linen on which the Eucharistic Species and the sacred vessels are placed. Its name derives from the office of gathering up the Body of… -
Corporation (CORPORAZIONE)
It can be defined as the voluntary and organized union of those who practice the same profession, for the purpose of facilitating its activity from the… -
Corporativism (CORPORATIVISMO)
By corporativism one may understand every theoretical tendency and every legislative and practical implementation aimed at organizing capital and labor in a… -
Corpus Apologetarum
CORPUS APOLOGETARUM: v. PATROLOGIA. -
Corpus Berolinense
CORPUS BEROLINENSE: v. PATROLOGIA. -
Corpus Catholicorum
An ordered and complete collection of the historico-apologetico-dogmatic writings of Catholic authors of the 16th century (1517-1563) in response to the… -
Corpus Christi, Diocese of (CORPUS CHRISTI, DIOCESI DI)
City in the State of Texas (USA) and seat of a diocese suffragan to San Antonio. It comprises a territory of about 22,000 sq km in southern Texas. In 1948, out… -
Corpus Domas Jejuniis
Hymn of Matins for the office of St. John Cantius, by an unknown author, composed for his canonization, which took place in 1757. The virtues of the Saint, the… -
Corpus Inscriptionum
Corpus means a general collection. Many general collections of inscriptions have been made for antiquity. Of those that embrace both Christian and pagan… -
Corpus Juris Canonici (CORPUS IURIS CANONICI)
The term corpus denotes a collection of documents; "corpus iuris" is a collection of legal documents, especially if arranged in systematic order. Sometimes the… -
Corpus Juris Civilis (CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS)
Since the age of the Glossators it has been customary to designate by this expression the various parts of Justinian's legislation, which is thus distinguished… -
Corpus Reformatorum
Since the 19th century this title has designated a grand collection of the works of the writers of the Reformation. Still in the course of publication, it also… -
Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum
CORPUS SCRIPTORUM ECCLESIASTICORUM LATINORUM: v. PATROLOGIA. -
Corpus Scriptorum Orientalium
CORPUS SCRIPTORUM ORIENTALIUM: v. PATROLOGIA. -
Corradini, Antonio
Sculptor, b. at Este toward the end of the 17th century, d. at Naples on 12 Aug. 1752. An excellent decorator, he owed the full flowering of his art and of his… -
Corradini, Pietro Marcellino
Cardinal, b. at Sezze in 1658, d. at Rome on 8 February 1743. Of humble origins, he acquired in the Curia a reputation as an excellent jurist. He was auditor… -
Corrado d'Ascoli, Blessed (CORRADO D'ASCOLI, BEATO)
Franciscan, b. at Ascoli on 18 Sept. 1234 to the nobles Francesco Milani and Agnese Saladini, d. there on 17 Apr. 1289. A companion of Girolamo Massi, later… -
Corrado dell'Assunta
Discalced Carmelite and missionary, in the world Giov. Pietro Dinnard, b. in Vienna on 15 Oct. 1654. He professed the Carmelite religion at Munich in 1674, and… -
Corrado of Brundelsheim (CORRADO DI BRUNDELSHEIM)
Abbot (surname Soccus = perhaps Schul) of the Cistercian monastery of Heilsbronn (v.) or Fons salutis (diocese of Bamberg), d. 31 Oct. 1321. Learned in the… -
Correction of Sentences (CORREZIONE DELLE SENTENZE)
The c. of s. [correction of sentences] is that special procedure offered by law to emend a sentence vitiated by material error. In order for it to take place… -
Correctors (CORRETTORI)
Polemical writings of Franciscans and Dominicans concerning the doctrine of St. Thomas in the 25 years after his death. The Franciscan William de la Mare, in… -
Correggio, Antonio Allegri, Known as Il (CORREGGIO, ANTONIO ALLEGRI, DETTO IL)
B. at Correggio di Reggio Emilia before 30 Aug. 1489, d. there, 5 March 1534. Perhaps he began his artistic education in his native town with his uncle Lorenzo… -
Correr, Antonio
Cardinal, b. in Venice in 1369. He was the nephew of Angelo C., later Pope Gregory XII, and lived with the religious of St. George in Alga together with… -
Corrida
CORRIDA: v. SPORT. -
Corrigan, Michael Augustine
Archbishop, b. in Newark (New Jersey), on 13 Aug. 1839, d. in New York on 5 May 1900. President of Seton Hall College and vicar general of the diocese of… -
Corruption (CORRUZIONE)
CORRUZIONE: v. FUNZIONARI; MINORENNI. -
Corruption of Minors (MINORENNI, CORRUZIONE DI)
By corruption of m. is meant the action of one who performs acts of lust with persons below an average age of around 16 years; and the crime exists whether… -
Corsica
By area it is the fourth island of the Mediterranean, yet it extends over less than half the size of the two largest (8,722 sq km). Geographically it forms a… -
Corsi, Cosimo
Cardinal, b. in Florence on 10 June 1798, d. at Agnano on 7 Oct. 1870. A page of Elisa Bonaparte, he later entered the clergy; appointed auditor of the Rota… -
Corsi, Francesco
Missionary in India, b. at Pistoia in 1568, d. at Agra on 1 August 1636. He entered the Society of Jesus in Rome in 1587, and after the usual studies departed… -
Corsini, Edoardo
Piarist, b. at Fanano, a locality of Felicarolo, on 4 Oct. 1702; d. at Pisa on 30 Nov. 1765. An illustrious polymath, he was one of the most learned men of his… -
Corsini, Family (CORSINI, FAMIGLIA)
It is recorded in Florence as early as 1271 (enrolled in the Arte della Lana), and in the following century it attained great wealth, giving the city… -
Corte (Corti, Curte), Niccolò da
Sculptor b. at Cima di Valsolda (Lugano), it is not known when; d. at Granada in 1552. In Genoa in 1530 he executed the portal of the Doria palace, the… -
Cortenovis, Gherardo
Barnabite missionary, vicar apostolic of Ava and Pegu, b. at Bergamo on 28 Oct. 1729: having become a Barnabite in 1748, he first taught philosophy at Arpino… -
Cortenovis, Marcello
Barnabite missionary and naturalist, b. in Bergamo in 1732. Brother of Gherardo (v.) and of four other Barnabites, he set out for the kingdom of Ava and Pegu… -
Cortese, Gregorio
Cardinal, reformer of the Benedictines and theologian, in the world Giovan Battista Andrea, b. at Modena in 1483 and d. at Rome on 21 Sept. 1548. Sent to… -
Cortese, Paolo
Humanist, b. in Rome in 1465 to a family originally from S. Geminiano, d. in 1510. A friend of Pico della Mirandola and of Poliziano, he was apostolic… -
Cortese, Tiburzio
Bishop, b. in Modena in 1738, d. there on 30 Dec. 1823. Elected bishop of his city in 1786, he attended to the education of the clergy and of the young… -
Cortés, Hernán
Born at Medellín in 1485, died at Seville on 2 December 1547. Ambitious and greedy for glory and adventures, in 1504 he was at Santo Domingo, in 1511 in Cuba.… -
Corti, Bonaventura
Ecclesiastic, naturalist, b. at Scandiano (Emilia) on 26 Feb. 1729, d. at Reggio Emilia on 30 Jan. 1813. He was professor of physics at the college of S.… -
Cortie, Aloysius (CORTIE, ALOVSIUS)
Jesuit, astronomer, b. in London on 22 April 1859, d. at Stonyhurst on 16 May 1925. From 1891 he was a member of the Royal Astronomical Society; from 1896 to… -
Cortivo, Giovanni Battista
Augustinian theologian, b. at Fiume in 1607, d. at Vienna in 1787. A professor of theology and philosophy, an uncommon polyglot, he distinguished himself… -
Corumbà, Diocese of (CORUMBÀ, DIOCESI DI)
Located in the west of the State of Mato Grosso, in Brazil, a suffragan of the archdiocese of Cuiabà, with an area of about 27,000 sq. km., and a population of… -
Corvinus, Matthias (CORVINO, MATTIA)
Born perhaps in 1440 at Cluj, son of John Hunyadi, regent of Hungary; the premature death of his father (1456) opened the way to dynastic and family struggles… -
Corybantes (CORIBANTI)
Minor Greek divinities, perhaps pre-Hellenic, originally from Phrygia. The Greeks called them either autochthonous, or sons of the Idaean Dactyls, or of Cronus… -
Coșbuc, George
Romanian poet, b. 8 Sept. 1866 at Hordău (Năsăud) of Greek-Catholic parents, d. at Bucharest on 9 May 1918; he discerned in popular tradition values worthy of… -
Cosenza, Archdiocese of (COSENZA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
C., an ancient metropolis of Bruttium, on the extreme northern spurs of the Sila, at the confluence of the Crati and the Busento, dominates the historic valley… -
Cosimo I, II, and III de' Medici (COSIMO I, II E III DE' MEDICI)
COSIMO I, II e III de' MEDICI: v. MEDICI, FAMIGLIA. -
Cosma da Carboniano (Der Gomidas Kennmurjian), Blessed (COSMA DA CARBONIANO (DER GOMIDAS KENNMURGIAN), BEATO)
Armenian, b. in Constantinople in 1656; d. in 1707. Married and parish priest of the dissident church of St. George in his native city, he passed with his… -
Cosmas Indicopleustes (COSMA INDICOPLEUSTE)
Byzantine writer of the first half of the 6th century. Born in Egypt, he was first a merchant, and around 520 he traveled in eastern Africa, in Arabia and as… -
Cosmas of Prague (COSMA DA PRAGA)
Bohemian priest and chronicler, b. ca. 1045 in Prague, d. there in 1125. He was in Liège, then in Germany, and then, in 1092, in Rome. He wrote a Chronica… -
Cosmas of Santo Stefano (COSMA DI SANTO STEFANO)
Carmelite, better known under the name Cosma de Villiers, b. at St-Denis (near Paris), 8 September 1683, was professor of philosophy and theology in various… -
Cosmas Presbyter
Bulgarian author of the 10th century. He composed a treatise against the Bogomils (v.) of the first Bulgarian empire, which is our principal source on that… -
Cosmas the Melodist (COSMA IL MELODE)
The date and place of C.'s birth are unknown; it is known only that he was the brother of John Damascene and that in his father's house he had as a teacher a… -
Cosmati
Under this generic denomination are included the marble-workers active in Rome, in various localities of Latium and generally of central Italy, from the 12th… -
Cosmetic Surgery (CHIRURGIA ESTETICA)
In the broad sense it means that part of surgery which is concerned with improving the appearance of patients, correcting the anatomical imperfection or the… -
Cosmo da Castelfranco
COSMO da CASTELFRANCO: v. PIAZZA, PAOLO. -
Cosmogony (COSMOGONIA)
It is the body of doctrines that explain the origin and formation of the universe. The problem of the origin of the world and of man has occupied the human… -
Cosmology (COSMOLOGIA)
From the Greek κόσμος (world) and λόγος (discourse), it is the part of natural philosophy that studies corporeal being in general, and the universe as a whole.… -
Cosmopolitanism (COSMOPOLITISMO)
The etymological derivation of the term (from cósmos and pólis) also expresses its concept. C. is that conception which considers man as a citizen of the whole… -
Cossa (Coscia), Baldassare, Antipope (COSSA (COSCIA), BALDASSARE, ANTIPAPA)
From a noble Neapolitan family. Hostile legends circulated about his youth; it is known for certain that he was a familiar of Cardinal Pietro Tomacelli; when… -
Cossa, Francesco del
COSSA, FRANCESCO del: v. DEL COSSA, FRANCESCO. -
Cossart, Gabriel
Jesuit, sacred orator, poet and canonist. Born at Pontoise on 22 Nov. 1615, died on 18 Sept. 1674, in the college of Clermont in Paris, where he had been… -
Costadoni, Anselmo
Camaldolese scholar (in the world Giovanni Domenico), b. in Venice on 6 Oct. 1714, d. there on 23 Jan. 1785. He professed in the monastery of St. Michael of… -
Costa, Lorenzo
Painter, b. in Ferrara around 1460, d. in Mantua on 3 May 1535. He was a pupil in his native city of Cosmè Tura, as the St. Sebastian in Dresden would… -
Costanzo, Camillo, Blessed (COSTANZO, CAMILLO, BEATO)
Martyr in Japan, b. at Motta Bovalina (diocese of Gerace) in Calabria, in 1572, entered the Society of Jesus in Naples on 8 Sept. 1591, after having taken… -
Costa Rica
I. GEOGRAPHY. - The smallest of the Central American republics, facing both oceans: 50,000 sq km (the relevant figures are not very reliable), with fewer than… -
Costa y Llobera, Miquel (COSTA Y LLOBERA, MIGUEL)
Priest, one of the most representative contemporary Catalan poets, b. at Pollensa (Balearic Islands) on 10 March 1854, d. at Palma on 16 Oct. 1922. His first… -
Coster, Laurens
A Dutchman from Haarlem (his real name was Janszoon), who lived in the middle of the > COSTA RICA - 1) State borders; 2) Borders of ecclesiastical district; 3)… -
Cost of Living Index (SCALA MOBILE)
It is the technical-legal instrument for preserving intact over time the purchasing power of the working and white-collar masses relative to a given period.… -
Côte d'Ivoire (Costa d'Avorio) (COSTA D'AVORIO (CÔTE D'IVOIRE))
French colony of West Africa, bounded by Upper Volta and Sudan, by the Gold Coast, by French Guinea, by Liberia and by the Gulf of Guinea. It comprises only a… -
Cotelier, Jean-Baptiste
Philologist, b. at Nîmes in 1627, d. at Paris on 12 Aug. 1686. From childhood he showed singular aptitudes for study and for poetry and was often chosen to… -
Coton, Pierre
Jesuit, controversialist, b. at Néronde (Loire) on 7 March 1564; d. at Paris on 19 March 1626. First a preacher in southern France, where he converted many… -
Cotta
White tunic used by priests in rites not joined to the Mass, and by clerics. Christian liturgy always willed ecclesiastics to be indistinctly clothed in a… -
Couderc, Marie-Victoire-Thérèse, Venerable (COUDERC, MARIE-VICTOIRE-THÉRÈSE, VENERABILE)
Co-foundress of the Institute of Our Lady of the Retreat at the Cenacle (v. SUORE DEL CENACOLO), born at Weiler-Le-Mas (Viviers) on 1 February 1805; died at… -
Coudrin, Pierre-Marie-Joseph
Born at Coussay-les-Bois (Poitiers) on 1 March 1768, died in Paris on 27 March 1837. After his studies at the college of Châtellerault and at the University of… -
Coulbeaux, Jean-Baptiste
Lazarist missionary in East Africa, b. in 1843 and d. in Paris on 22 Oct. 1921. He reached Africa at only 27 years of age and was one of the first… -
Council (CONCILIO)
I. ORIGIN. - The rise of heresies in the 2nd century A.D. imposed on the bishops the necessity of gathering in assemblies to legislate on the nascent errors… -
Council of State (CONSIGLIO DI STATO)
The C. of S., which passed from the legislation of the Kingdom of Piedmont (itself an imitator of Napoleonic legislation) into that of the Kingdom of Italy… -
Councils of Attigny-sur-Aisne (ATTIGNY-SUR-AISNE, CONCILI D')
Nothing in particular is known of the First Council of A., except that it was held in 765, with the participation of about thirty bishops. More details are… -
Counsel, Gift of (CONSIGLIO, DONO DEL)
One of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. It is classified among the intellectual gifts, since it enlightens the intellect. It is that gift which "perfects… -
Counsellors of Nunciature (CONSIGLIERI DI NUNZIATURA)
CONSIGLIERI DI NUNZIATURA: V. NUNZIATURA. -
Counter-Reformation (CONTRORIFORMA)
CONTRORIFORMA: v. RIFORMA CATTOLICA. -
Count Marcellino (CONTE MARCELLINO)
CONTE MARCELLINO : v. MARCELLINO COMES. -
Count Palatine (of the Sacred Palace) (CONTE PALATINO (DEL SACRO PALAZZO))
An honorary title with which popes, emperors and sovereigns honored meritorious persons. This title traced its origin to an office of great importance held by… -
Couperin, Family (COUPERIN, FAMIGLIA)
Descendants of a MATHURIN C. from the beginning of the 17th century, the C. were, like the Bachs, a family of fervent musical traditions. The most important… -
Couplet, Philippe
Missionary in China, b. at Mechelen (Belgium) on 31 May 1622, entered the Society of Jesus there on 11 Oct. 1640, departed for China in 1656 in the company of… -
Courland (CURLANDIA)
CURLANDIA: V. LETTONIA. -
Courtecuisse (Brièvecuisse, Breviscoxa), Jean
Born at Haleine (Orne) around 1353, he was one of the most active churchmen during the Western Schism; he held benefices in various dioceses; he was an orator… -
Courtois, Jacques, called Il Borgognone (COURTOIS, JACQUES, DETTO IL BORGOGNONE)
Painter and engraver, b. 12 Feb. 1621 at St-Hippolyte in Franche-Comté and d. in Rome on 14 Nov. 1675. A pupil of his father, the painter Jean-Pierre C., he… -
Cousin, Jean, the Elder (COUSIN, JEAN, IL VECCHIO)
French painter, woodcut artist, sculptor: b. ca. 1490 at Sens (?), d. at Paris ca. 1561. From 1538 he is recorded at Paris. > (from F. A. Salvagnini, I pittori… -
Cousin, Victor
Philosopher, b. in Paris on 28 Nov. 1792, d. at Cannes on 14 Jan. 1867. He taught at the École Normale from 1814 to 1820, at the Sorbonne from 1828. After the… -
Coussemaker, Charles-Edmond-Henri de
Musicologist, b. at Beilleul on 19 Apr. 1805, d. at Lille on 10 Jan. 1876. He studied law in Paris and was a judge in the courts of Cambrai, Dunkerque, Lille… -
Coustant, Pierre
Benedictine of the Congregation of St. Maur, b. at Compiègne on 30 April 1657, d. in the abbey of St-Germain-des-Prés near Paris on 18 October 1721. He… -
Coustou, Family (COUSTOU, FAMIGLIA)
Family of French sculptors. NICOLAS, b. in Lyon on 8 Jan. 1658, d. in Paris on 1 May 1773, was a pupil of his uncle A. Coysevox, but he also studied in Rome… -
Cousturier (Sutor), Pierre
Carthusian theologian, b. at Chemiré le Roi ca. 1490, d. at Parc Sainte Marie (Le Mans), on 18 June 1537. Having become a religious, he was prior in various… -
Coutances, Diocese of (COUTANCES, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese and city of France in the department of la Manche. It extends over 5,800 sq. km. It comprises six archpriestries (C., Cherbourg, Valognes, Avranches… -
Covarrubias, Didaco (COVARRUVIAS, DIDACO)
Noted Spanish jurist, b. at Toledo on 25 July 1512 and d. at Madrid on 27 Sept. 1577. After having studied at the school of Martín de Azpilcueta (v.), he… -
Covenanters
This name comes from covenant (pact), and refers to the pact by which the Presbyterians of Scotland united, with the patriotic-religious aim of maintaining the… -
Coverdale, Miles
English religious writer, b. at Coverdale (Yorkshire) in 1488, d. in February 1568. He was an Augustinian friar at Cambridge, where he came into contact with… -
Covington, Diocese of (COVINGTON, DIOCESI DI)
City in the State of Kentucky (USA) and seat of a diocese suffragan of Louisville. Its territory, situated east of the Kentucky River, extends for about 44,600… -
Cowper, William
English poet, b. at Great Berkhamstead in 1731, d. at East Dereham in 1800. He studied at Westminster School (1741) and, in 1750, did legal training with a… -
Cowton (de Couton), Robert
English philosopher, Franciscan. The life and doctrine of C. are too little known for one to have an exact conception of his importance in the history of… -
Coysevox, Charles-Antoine
Sculptor, b. in Lyon on 29 Sept. 1640, d. in Paris on 10 Oct. 1720. He first followed the Berninian manner, then asserted his own personality and contributed… -
Cozza, Lorenzo
Cardinal, noted for his theological learning and his gifts for government, b. 31 March 1654 at S. Lorenzo Vecchio (Viterbo), d. in Rome on 18 Jan. 1729. A… -
Cozza-Luzi, Giuseppe
Italian Basilian monk of great learning, b. at Bolsena on 4 Dec. 1837. He became a Basilian in the abbey of Grottaferrata, where he became a hieromonk (1860)… -
Cozzarelli, Giacomo
Son of Bartolomeo di Marco. Sculptor and architect, b. in Siena on 20 Nov. 1455, d. on 23 March 1515. He resided in Urbino from the time when Francesco di… -
Cozzarelli, Guidoccio
Sienese painter and miniaturist, documented from 1450 to 1516. His first signed work is a panel with the Madonna in trono, St. Jerome and the blessed Giov.… -
Craciun
The name for Christmas in Romanian, of undoubtedly Romance origin, although not yet established (Cristo+ajun, "fast" or "vigil"?). The term penetrated more or… -
Cracow [Kraków], Archdiocese of (CRACOVIA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
In Poland (Kraków), founded in 1000, a metropolis since 1925. Suffragan dioceses: Częstochowa, Katowice, Kielce, Tarnów. First bishop: Poppon. Since 1484 the… -
Craftsmanship (ARTIGIANATO)
Small industry carried on by the owner with the help of a few employees. I. DEFINITION. - Several attempts have been made to give a definition of the artisan… -
Cramer, Wilhelm
Popular ascetical writer, b. at Gescke (Westphalia) on 25 Sept. 1845, ordained priest in 1869, parish priest at Hohenwepel and then at S. Vit (near… -
Cramer, Wilhelm
Author of books on popular education and pastoral theology, b. at Oelde (Westphalia) on 3 March 1815, d. at Münster on 15 March 1903; priest in 1838, parish… -
Crampon, Joseph-Théodore-Augustin
French exegete, b. at Franvillers (diocese of Amiens) on 4 Feb. 1826, d. at Paris on 16 Aug. 1894. At the seminary of St. Sulpice in Paris he had the… -
Cranach, Lucas the Elder (CRANACH, LUKAS IL VECCHIO)
German painter, woodcut artist and draughtsman, b. at Kronach (Franconia) in 1472, d. at Weimar on 16 Oct. 1553, son of a painter Hans C. His artistic training… -
Cranganore (CRANGANOR)
CRANGANOR: v. GOA. -
Cranium (CRANIO)
The bony head is made up of two distinct portions: the cerebral cranium, which contains the brain (v. BRAIN), and the facial cranium, which contains various… -
Cranmer, Thomas
First Anglican archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Aslacton (Nottingham) on 2 July 1489; d. at the stake at Oxford on 21 March 1556. A student at Jesus College… -
Crashaw, Richard
English poet, b. in London in 1612, d. at Loreto on 21 Aug. 1649. Son of an anti-papist preacher, after the victory of the Puritans he converted to the… -
Crasset, Jean
Jesuit, b. at Dieppe on 3 Jan. 1618, d. at Paris on 4 Jan. 1692. He was a professor of letters and philosophy, a preacher and a sought-after spiritual… -
Crato, Diocese of (CRATO, DIOCESI DI)
It occupies the southern part of the State of Ceará in Brazil, a hot and very fertile region, but sometimes struck by terrible droughts. A suffragan of the… -
Cratylus (CRATILO)
CRATILO: v. CINICI. -
Craven, Pauline-Marie
French writer, b. in London on 12 Apr. 1808, from the noble de La Ferronays family, d. in Paris on 1 Apr. 1891. She converted her husband Augustus C., an… -
Creation (CREAZIONE)
Production of a being from absolute nothingness. SUMMARY: I. The Catholic dogma of c. - II. Christian iconography of c. I. THE CATHOLIC DOGMA OF CREATION.… -
Creationism (CREAZIONISMO)
It may indicate the philosophical system that affirms that the universe had its origin through creation (v.); or, in opposition to "evolutionism," the doctrine… -
Creator Alme siderum
Hymn of Vespers for the season of Advent, attributed, with little foundation, to St. Ambrose; its author was, however, inspired by him. It is a threefold… -
Creator of Human Salvation (SALUTIS HUMANAE SATOR)
Hymn of Vespers and Lauds in the Office of the Ascension. Originally « Jesu, nostra redemptio », by an unknown author, it appears in manuscripts of the first… -
Credentials, Letters of (CREDENZIALI, LETTERE)
This is the proper name of the formal act by which a State establishes its own diplomatic agent (v.) with another. Letters of credence are addressed from head… -
Credenza
In its general and broadest meaning, to believe is to accept a proposition, a fact, a doctrine, not on account of their intrinsic evidence, but on account of… -
Credi, Lorenzo di
CREDI, LORENZO di: v. LORENZO di CREDI. -
Credit (CREDITO)
It is an exchange of wealth by means of which wealth available at the present moment is transferred in return for a promise of future repayment of the value… -
Credit Instruments (TITOLI DI CREDITO)
These are the legal symbols of capital lent by contract of loan (bills of exchange, IOUs, bonds, interest-bearing certificates, annuities) or of companies… -
Creed (CREDO)
CREED: V. SIMBOLO APOSTOLICO. -
Crelier, Henry-Joseph
Exegete, b. at Bure near Porrentruy (diocese of Basel) on 16 Nov. 1816, d. parish priest at Bressancourt on 22 Apr. 1889. He taught letters and philosophy at… -
Crema, Diocese of (CREMA, DIOCESI DI)
In Lombardy, province of Cremona; before 1580 the territory of Crema was divided among three dioceses: Cremona, Lodi, Piacenza. The church of Crema has bound… -
Cremation (CREMAZIONE)
The term c. (from Lat. crematio = burning) has been reserved by usage for the act of burning the human corpse. This act, as it is practiced today in our… -
Cremisini, Antonio
Ascetical writer, b. at Poggio Nativo (Rieti) on 13 June 1792, d. at Rome on 27 Oct. 1875. He entered the Congregation of the Mission in Rome in 1809. He was a… -
Cremona, Diocese of (CREMONA, DIOCESI DI)
In Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po, a suffragan of Milan, and the capital of a province (area 943.8 sq. km.). Already a Roman colony founded in 218 B.C.… -
Cremonini, Cesare
Philosopher, b. at Cento in 1550 or 1552, d. in 1631. After having taught at Ferrara, he was a colleague of Galileo at the University of Padua, where he… -
Crepitacolo
From the Latin crepitaculum, crepitaculum: a wooden toy that makes a noise when shaken. It is also called battola, tabella or raganella. The most common types… -
Crepuscular, Poetry (CREPUSCOLARE, POESIA)
The movement of the "crepuscolari" poets (the label was used for the first time by G. A. Borgese), besides immediate motives of an extrinsic and bookish… -
Crescas, Ḥasdai (CRESCAS, ḤASDAJ)
Anti-Aristotelian Jewish philosopher, b. in Barcelona in 1340; d. in Zaragoza in 1412. He enjoyed the favors of the court of Aragon, especially of Juan I and… -
Crescens (CRESCENTE)
Disciple of St. Paul, mentioned in II Tim. 4:10. The Latin name Crescens (Tacitus, Hist., I, 76, the name of a freedman of Nero; Annal., XV, 11, of a… -
Crescens (CRESCENTE)
A Roman Cynic philosopher of the 2nd century. A windbag, immoral and greedy for money, fonder of popular applause than of the truth, he was a bitter enemy of… -
Crescentia, Saint, Martyr (CRESCENZIA, SANTA, MARTIRE)
CRESCENZIA, santa, martire: v. VITO, MODESTO e CRESCENZIA, saints, martyrs. -
Crescenzi, Family (CRESCENZI, FAMIGLIA)
A distinguished Roman house that was preeminent in the affairs of the city between the middle of the 10th century and the beginning of the 11th, subsequently… -
Crescenzio di Anagni
Cardinal, lived between the 11th and 12th centuries. Together with Sasso, also of Anagni, and with a group of clerics from the Campagna, he owed his… -
Crescimbeni, Gian Mario
Man of letters and scholar, b. at Macerata on 9 Oct. 1663, d. at Rome on 8 March 1728. A canon and archpriest of S. Maria in Cosmedin, he lived devoted to his… -
Cresci, Pietro da Foligno, Blessed (CRESCI, PIETRO DA FOLIGNO, BEATO)
Austere ascetic, b. ca. the year 1243, d. July 18, 1323. He was a Franciscan tertiary, an intimate of the b. Angela of Foligno. At the age of thirty he… -
Crescitelli, Alberico, Venerable (CRESCITELLI, ALBERICO, VENERABILE)
Missionary, killed for the faith in the apostolic vicariate of Hanchung (China). Born at Altavilla Irpina (Avellino) on 30 June 1863, he was a student of the… -
Cresconio
African Donatist teacher, who undertook to defend the Donatist bishop Petilian against St. Augustine, with a long letter addressed to the latter himself (ca.… -
Crespi, Daniele
Painter, b. at Busto Arsizio ca. 1600, d. at Milan in 1630. Trained on the examples of Giovan Battista Crespi, Procaccini and Morazzone, he was a strange and… -
Crespí de Valdaura y Borja, Lluís (CRESPÍ DE VALDAURA Y BORJA, LUÍS)
Spanish theologian and bishop, b. at Valencia on 2 May 1607, d. there on 19 April 1663. A priest in 1631, he taught theology at Valencia for 22 years. He… -
Crespieul (Crépieul), François
Missionary in Canada, b. at Arras on 17 March 1638, entered the Society of Jesus at Tournai on 29 Oct. 1658, and went to the mission in 1670. From Oct. 1671… -
Crespi, Giovanni Battista, Known as Il Cerano (CRESPI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, DETTO IL CERANO)
Painter, architect and sculptor, b. at Cerano in 1557, d. at Milan in 1633. He worked not only in Milan but also in Rome and Venice. His paintings are very… -
Crespí, Giuseppe Maria, called Lo Spagnolo (CRESPÍ, GIUSEPPE MARIA, DETTO LO SPAGNOLO)
Painter, b. in Bologna on 16 March 1665, d. there on 16 July 1747. He studied in his native city first with Domenico Maria Canuti, then with the unconventional… -
Crespin, François
CRESPIN, FRANÇOIS: V. FRANCESCO BONAE SPEI. -
Cressy, Hugh (Paulinus Serenus)
English Benedictine theologian, b. at Thorpe-Salvin (Yorkshire) ca. 1605; d. at East Grinstead (Sussex) on 10 Aug. 1674. Having come to Oxford in 1619, he was… -
Crete (CRETA)
Island in the Mediterranean south-east of Greece, also called Candia from the name of its principal city. 250 km long from east to west, on average 35 km wide… -
Crete (Candia) (CANDIA (CRETA))
A Greek island which, even among its many ancient Hellenic memories, also preserves many Christian historical records dating back to the time of the Apostle… -
Creti, Donato
Painter and engraver, b. in Cremona on 24 Feb. 1677, d. in Bologna on 29 Jan. 1749. He worked mostly in the latter city, where he learned the first elements of… -
Crétineau-Joly, Jacques
Catholic historian and publicist, b. 23 Sept. 1803 at Fontenay-le-Comte (Vendée), d. at Vincennes on 1 Jan. 1875. Founder of the Vendéen and contributor to… -
Crétin, Joseph
First bishop of St. Paul (Minnesota), b. at Montluel (Ain) on 19 Dec. 1799, d. at St. Paul on 22 Feb. 1857. In 1820 he entered the seminary of St. Sulpice in… -
Creuzer, Friedrich
Philologist, b. in Marburg on 10 March 1771, d. on 16 Feb. 1858 in Heidelberg, where for over 40 years he taught philology and ancient history. In his… -
Crime (DELITTO)
I. GENERAL NOTIONS. - In canon law, d. is defined by the CIC: "the external and morally imputable violation of a law for which a canonical sanction, at least… -
Crime, Impediment of (CRIMINE, IMPEDIMENTO DEL)
I. Adultery and homicide consummated against the person of a spouse, contemplated by the CIC respectively in cann. 2317 § 2 and 2354, constitute the basic… -
Criminal (CRIMINALE)
CRIMINALE: v. DELINQUENTE. -
Criminal Anthropology (ANTROPOLOGIA CRIMINALE)
It is that branch of anthropology which, with the same naturalistic methods of that science, studies the delinquent man in all his somatic and psychic… -
Criminali, Antonio
Protomartyr of the Society of Jesus, b. at Sissa, near Parma, on 7 Feb. 1520, he was received into the Order by St. Ignatius himself in Apr. 1542 and sent by… -
Criobolium (CRIOBOLIO)
CRIOBOLIO : V. TAUROBOLIO. -
Criophoro (CRIOFORO)
CRIOFORO : v. PASTORE (buono). -
Crisio, Diocese of (CRISIO, DIOCESI DI)
CRISIO, DIOCESI di: v. KRIŽEVCI, DIOCESI di. -
Crisogonus, Saint (CRISOGONO, SANTO)
Martyr, celebrated on November 24. His story, according to the Passio, is linked to that of St. Anastasia. C. is neither Roman nor from Sirmium, but from…