Cornelius, Karl AdamVol. IV, p. 333 CORNELIUS, KARL ADAM. – German historian, born in Würzburg on 12 March 1819, died in Munich on 10 February 1903. After teaching for some time at the Braunsberg…
Cornelius, Pope(CORNELIO, PAPA)Vol. IV, p. 331 CORNELIO, PAPA. - The Lib. Pont. (I, p. 150), in his biography calls him « natione Romanus »; G. B. De Rossi considered him a relative rather than a client…
Cornely, Karl Joseph RudolphVol. IV, p. 333 CORNELY, KARL JOSEPH RUDOLPH. – Distinguished Jesuit exegete, b. at Breyell in the Rhineland on 19 Apr. 1830, d. at Trier on 3 March 1908. He lived for three…
Corner, Luigi (Alvise)(CORNARO, LUIGI (ALVISE))Vol. IV, p. 329 CORNARO, LUIGI (ALVISE). – He belonged to the illustrious Corner family. Born in Venice in 1475 and died in Padua on 8 January 1566. Passionate about…
CorniceVol. IV, p. 333 CORNICE. — In addition to being a decorative complement to an object, and particularly to a painting, the c. is also, according to a more strictly aesthetic…
Cornoldi, GiovanniVol. IV, p. 334 CORNOLDI, GIOVANNI. — Jesuit, one of the principal restorers of Thomism in Italy, born in Venice on 29 September 1822, died in Rome on 18 January 1892.…
Cornomania(CORNOMÀNIA)Vol. IV, p. 334 CORNOMÀNIA. – A Roman popular festival that took place on Saturday afternoon in albis at the Lateran in the presence of the pope and then continued in the…
Cornouailles, Diocese of(CORNOUAILLES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 335 CORNOUAILLES, DIOCESI di: v. QUIMPER, DIOCESI di.
Cornubiensis, Iohannes (John of Cornwall)(GIOVANNI DI CORNOVAGLIA (IOHANNES CORNUBIENIS))Vol. VI, p. 341 GIOVANNI of CORNOVAGLIA (Iohannes Cornubienis). - Twelfth-century theologian, d. ca. 1176. Little is known of his life; even his place of origin is uncertain,…
CoroVol. IV, p. 335 CORO. – With the term χερός, the Greeks originally designated the group of dancers who sang the dithyramb around the altar of Dionysus; later, the term came to…
Coro, Diocese of(CORO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 339 CORO, diocese of. — In the Republic of Venezuela. Erected by Pius XI on 1 October 1922, this diocese had already been erected once before by Clement VII on 21…
CoronVol. IV, p. 340 CORON. - Today Korōnē, a city of the Peloponnese, formerly the seat of a Greek bishopric, mentioned for the first time at the Council of Ephesus (431), and of…
CoronaVol. IV, p. 340 CORONA. — This term refers to a particular form of prayer in which the Pater and the Ave Maria are recited repeatedly, guided by beads strung together on a…
Coronated(CORONATO)Vol. IV, p. 343 CORONATO. – A notary who in the eighth century wrote a legendary life of s. Zenone of Verona, which shortly afterward was abridged by an unknown author into an…
Coronation(INCORONAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1027 CORONATION. — Ceremony by which a sovereign is invested with his dignity through the imposition of the crown, symbol of power. The term c. generally also…
Coronelli, Vincenzo MariaVol. IV, p. 343 CORONELLI, VINCENZO MARIA. - Cartographer and geographer, b. in Venezia on 16 Aug. 1650, d. there on 9 Dec. 1718. He entered the Conventual Minors at a very…
Corot, Jean-Baptiste-CamilleVol. IV, p. 343 COROT, JEAN-BAPTISTE-CAMILLE. - Painter, born in Paris on 16 July 1796, died there on 22 February 1875. Encouraged by the painter A. E. Michallon, he studied…
CorozainVol. IV, p. 343 COROZAIN. – A city of Galilee visited several times by the Savior, but which did not receive his message and was included, together with Cafarnao and…
Corpi SantiVol. IV, p. 343 CORPI SANTI. — These are understood to be those bodies which were taken from ancient cemeteries and placed in veneration as the bodies of previously unknown…
Corporal(CORPORALE)Vol. IV, p. 353 CORPORALE. – It is a square of linen on which the Eucharistic Species and the sacred vessels are placed. Its name derives from the office of gathering up the…
Corporation(CORPORAZIONE)Vol. IV, p. 356 CORPORAZIONE. – It may be defined as the voluntary and organized association of those who practice the same profession, with the purpose of facilitating their…
Corporativism(CORPORATIVISMO)Vol. IV, p. 353 CORPORATIVISM. – The term c. may be understood to mean every theoretical tendency and every legislative and practical implementation aimed at organizing…
Corpus CatholicorumVol. IV, p. 361 CORPUS CATHOLICORUM. – An ordered and complete collection of the historical-apologetic-dogmatic writings of Catholic authors of the sixteenth century…
Corpus Christi, Diocese of(CORPUS CHRISTI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 361 CORPUS CHRISTI, DIOCESE of. - City in the State of Texas (USA) and seat of a diocese suffragan to S. Antonio. It comprises an area of approximately 22,000 sq.…
Corpus Domas Jejunii(CORPUS DOMAS JEJUNIIS)Vol. IV, p. 361 « CORPUS DOMAS JEJUNIIS ». — Hymn of Matins for the Office of s. Giovanni Canzio, by an unknown author, composed for his canonization, which took place in…
Corpus DominiVol. IV, p. 362 CORPUS DOMINI – Procession of Corpus Christi in Paris in the 15th century. Drawing from a miniature in the Missal of the Jouvenel des Ursins (15th century),…
Corpus InscriptionumVol. IV, p. 363 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM. — Corpus means a general collection. Many general collections of inscriptions have been made for antiquity. Of those embracing both…
Corpus Juris Canonici(CORPUS IURIS CANONICI)Vol. IV, p. 365 CORPUS IURIS CANONICI. — The term corpus indicates a collection of documents; “corpus iuris” is a collection of legal documents, especially when arranged in…
Corpus Juris Civilis(CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS)Vol. IV, p. 367 CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS. – Since the time of the Glossators, this expression has been used to designate the various parts of Justinian’s legislation, thereby…
Corpus ReformatorumVol. IV, p. 371 CORPUS REFORMATORUM. — Since the nineteenth century, this title has designated a grand collection of the works of the writers of the Reformation. Still in the…
Corradini, AntonioVol. IV, p. 371 CORRADINI, ANTONIO. - Sculptor, born in Este toward the end of the 17th century, died in Naples on 12 August 1752. An excellent decorator, he owed the full…
Corradini, Pietro MarcellinoVol. IV, p. 371 CORRADINI, PIETRO MARCELLINO. - Cardinal, b. at Sezze in 1658, d. at Rome on 8 Feb. 1743. Of humble origin, he won in the Curia a reputation as an excellent…
Corrado d'Ascoli, Blessed(CORRADO D'ASCOLI, BEATO)Vol. IV, p. 372 CORRADO d'ASCOLI, Blessed. - Franciscan, born at Ascoli on 18 Sept. 1234 to the nobles Francesco Milani and Agnese Saladini, died there on 17 Apr. 1289. A…
Corrado dell'AssuntaVol. IV, p. 372 CORRADO dell'ASSUNTA. - Discalced Carmelite and missionary, in the world Giov. Pietro Dinnard, b. in Vienna on 15 Oct. 1654. He professed the Carmelite…
Corrado of Brundelsheim(CORRADO DI BRUNDELSHEIM)Vol. IV, p. 372 CORRADO di BRUNDELSHEIM. — Abbot (by surname Soccus = perhaps Schul) of the Cistercian monastery of Heilsbronn (v.) or Fons salutis (diocese of Bamberg), died…
Corrado, Saint(CORRADO, SANTO)Vol. IV, p. 372 CORRADO, saint. — Bishop of Constance. His noble parents entrusted him to the clergy of the cathedral of Constance, and Bishop Notingo (920–34) chose him as…
Correction of Sentences(CORREZIONE DELLE SENTENZE)Vol. IV, p. 383 CORRECTION OF JUDGMENTS. — The c. of j. is the special procedure provided by law for correcting a judgment affected by a material error. For it to be available…
Correctors(CORRETTORI)Vol. IV, p. 382 CORRECTORIA. — Polemical writings by Franciscans and Dominicans concerning the doctrine of s. Thomas during the 25 years after his death. The Franciscan…
Correggio, Antonio Allegri, Known as Il(CORREGGIO, ANTONIO ALLEGRI, DETTO IL)Vol. IV, p. 380 CORREGGIO, ANTONIO ALLEGRI, detto il. — Born in Correggio near Reggio Emilia before 30 August 1489, died there on 5 March 1534. He perhaps began his artistic…
Correggio, Giorgio(CORESSION, GIORGIO)Vol. IV, p. 322 CORESSION, GIORGIO. – Dissident Greek theologian, b. at Chios in 1554 and d. around 1654. He attended the Universities of Pisa and Padua, practised medicine in…
Correr, AntonioVol. IV, p. 381 CORRER, ANTONIO. – Cardinal, born in Venice in 1369. He was the nephew of Angelo C., later Pope Gregorio XII, and lived with the religious of S. Giorgio in…
Corrigan, Michael AugustineVol. IV, p. 384 CORRIGAN, MICHAEL AUGUSTINE. - Archbishop, b. at Newark (New Jersey), 13 Aug. 1839, d. at New York, 5 May 1900. President of Seton Hall College and vicar…
Corruption(CORRUZIONE)Vol. IV, p. 384 CORRUZIONE: v. FUNZIONARI; MINORENNI.
Corruption of Minors(MINORENNI, CORRUZIONE DI)Vol. VIII, p. 637 MINORS, CORRUPTION by. — The corruption of minors is understood as the action of one who commits acts of lust with persons below an age averaging around 16…
Corsi, CosimoVol. IV, p. 384 CORSI, COSIMO. — Cardinal, b. at Firenze on 10 June 1798, d. at Agnano on 7 Oct. 1870. A page of Elisa Bonaparte, he later entered the clergy; appointed…
Corsi, FrancescoVol. IV, p. 384 CORSI, FRANCESCO. - Missionary in India, born at Pistoia in 1568, died at Agra on 1 Aug. 1636. He entered the Society of Jesus in Rome in 1587 and, after the…
CorsicaVol. IV, p. 384 CORSICA. — In extent, it is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean, although covering less than half the area of the two largest (8722 sq km).…
Corsini, EdoardoVol. IV, p. 391 CORSINI, EDOARDO. — Piarist, born in Fanano, in the locality of Felicarolo, on 4 October 1702; died in Pisa on 30 November 1765. An illustrious polymath, he…
Corsini, Family(CORSINI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IV, p. 391 CORSINI, FAMIGLIA. — It is recorded in Florence as early as 1271 (enrolled in the Wool Guild); in the following century it attained great wealth, providing the…
Corte (Corti, Curte), Niccolò daVol. IV, p. 394 CORTE (CORTI, CURTE), NICCOLÒ da. - Sculptor, born at Cima di Valsolda (Lugano), at an unknown date; died at Granada in 1552. In Genoa in 1530 he executed the…
Cortenovis, GherardoVol. IV, p. 394 CORTENOVIS, GHERARDO. - Barnabite missionary, apostolic vicar of Ava and Pegu, b. at Bergamo on 28 Oct. 1729. Having become a Barnabite in 1748, he first…
Cortenovis, MarcelloVol. IV, p. 394 CORTENOVIS, MARCELLO. – Barnabite missionary and naturalist, born in Bergamo in 1732. Brother of Gherardo (v.) and of four other Barnabites, he departed for…
Cortese, GregorioVol. IV, p. 395 CORTESE, GREGORIO. - Cardinal, reformer of the Benedictines, and theologian, in secular life Giovan Battista Andrea, born at Modena in 1483 and died at Rome on…
Cortese, PaoloVol. IV, p. 395 CORTESE, PAOLO. - Humanist, born in Rome in 1465 to a family originally from S. Geminiano, died in 1510. A friend of Pico della Mirandola and Poliziano, he was…
Cortese, TiburzioVol. IV, p. 395 CORTESE, TIBURZIO. - Bishop, b. at Modena in 1738, d. there on 30 Dec. 1823. Elected bishop of his city in 1786, he devoted himself to the education of the…
Corti, BonaventuraVol. IV, p. 395 CORTI, BONAVENTURA. – Ecclesiastic and naturalist, born at Scandiano (Emilia) on 26 February 1729, died at Reggio Emilia on 30 January 1813. He was professor…
Cortie, Aloysius(CORTIE, ALOVSIUS)Vol. IV, p. 395 CORTIE, ALOVSIUS. – Jesuit, astronomer, b. in London on 22 April 1859, d. at Stonyhurst on 16 May 1925. From 1891 he was a member of the R. Astronomical…
Cortivo, Giovanni BattistaVol. IV, p. 395 CORTIVO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – Augustinian theologian, b. in Fiume in 1607, d. in Vienna in 1787. Professor of theology and philosophy, and an uncommon…
Cortés, HernánVol. IV, p. 394 CORTÉS, HERNÁN. - B. at Medellín in 1485, d. at Siviglia on 2 Dec. 1547. Ambitious and avid for glory and adventure, in 1504 he was at S. Domingo, and in 1511…
Corumbà, Diocese of(CORUMBÀ, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 396 CORUMBÀ, DIOCESE of. - Situated in the western part of the State of Mato Grosso, in Brazil, suffragan of the archdiocese of Cuiabà, with an area of…
Corvinus, Matthias(CORVINO, MATTIA)Vol. IV, p. 396 CORVINO, MATTIA. — Born perhaps in 1440 at Cluj to Giovanni Hunyadi, Hungarian regent; the premature death of his father (1456) opened the way to dynastic and…
Corybantes(CORIBANTI)Vol. IV, p. 323 CORIBANTI. – Minor Greek divinities, perhaps pre-Hellenic, originating in Phrygia. The Greeks said that they were either autochthonous, or sons of the Idaean…
Cosenza, Archdiocese of(COSENZA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 405 COSENZA, ARCHDIOCESE of. — C., the ancient metropolis of Brutium, on the far northern spurs of the Sila, at the confluence of the Crati and the Busento,…
Cosimo I, II, and III de' Medici(COSIMO I, II E III DE' MEDICI)Vol. IV, p. 406 COSIMO I, II e III de' MEDICI: v. MEDICI, FAMIGLIA.
Cosma da Carboniano (Der Gomidas Kennmurjian), Blessed(COSMA DA CARBONIANO (DER GOMIDAS KENNMURGIAN), BEATO)Vol. IV, p. 406 COSMA da CARBONIANO (Der Gomidas Kennmurgian), blessed. — Armenian, born in Constantinople in 1656; died in 1707. Married and parish priest of the dissident…
Cosmas Indicopleustes(COSMA INDICOPLEUSTE)Vol. IV, p. 406 COSMA INDICOPLEUSTE. – Byzantine writer of the first half of the 6th century. Born in Egypt, he was initially a merchant, and around 520 travelled in East…
Cosmas of Prague(COSMA DA PRAGA)Vol. IV, p. 407 COSMA da PRAGA. - Bohemian priest and chronicler, b. c. 1045 in Praga, d. there in 1125. He was in Liegi, then in Germany, and subsequently, in 1092, in Rome.…
Cosmas of Santo Stefano(COSMA DI SANTO STEFANO)Vol. IV, p. 407 COSMA di SANTO STEFANO. – Carmelite, better known by the name of Cosma de Villiers, born in St-Denis (near Paris) on 8 September 1683, he was professor of…
Cosmas PresbyterVol. IV, p. 408 COSMAS PRESBYTER. - Bulgarian author of the 10th century. He composed a treatise against the Bogomils (v.) of the first Bulgarian empire, which is our…
Cosmas the Melodist(COSMA IL MELODE)Vol. IV, p. 407 COSMA il MELODE. — The date and place of C.’s birth are unknown; it is known only that he was the brother of Giovanni Damasceno and that, in his father’s…
CosmatiVol. IV, p. 408 COSMATI. - This generic designation includes the marble-workers active in Rome, in various localities of Lazio, and generally in central Italy, from the…
Cosmetic Surgery(CHIRURGIA ESTETICA)Vol. III, p. 903 AESTHETIC SURGERY. — In the broad sense, this means that branch of surgery concerned with improving patients’ appearance by correcting anatomical imperfection…
Cosmogony(COSMOGONIA)Vol. IV, p. 410 COSMOGONY. - It is the complex of doctrines that explain the origin and formation of the universe. The problem of the origin of the world and of man has…
Cosmology(COSMOLOGIA)Vol. IV, p. 415 COSMOLOGIA. — From the Greek κόσμος (world) and λόγος (discourse), it is the branch of natural philosophy that studies corporeal being in general and the…
Cosmopolitanism(COSMOPOLITISMO)Vol. IV, p. 419 COSMOPOLITANISM. – The etymological derivation of the term (from cósmos and pólis) also expresses its concept. C. is that conception which regards man as a…
Cossa (Coscia), Baldassare, Antipope(COSSA (COSCIA), BALDASSARE, ANTIPAPA)Vol. IV, p. 420 COSSA (COSCIA), BALDASSARE, ANTIPOPE. — Of a noble Neapolitan family. Hostile legends spread concerning his youth; it is certain that he was a familiar of…
Cossa, Francesco delVol. IV, p. 421 COSSA, FRANCESCO del: v. DEL COSSA, FRANCESCO.
Cossart, GabrielVol. IV, p. 421 COSSART, GABRIEL. — Jesuit, sacred orator, poet, and canonist. Born at Pontoise on 22 Nov. 1615, died on 18 Sept. 1674 at the College of Clermont in Paris,…
Cost of Living Index(SCALA MOBILE)Vol. XI, p. 29 SCALA MOBILE. – This is the legal technical instrument for preserving over time the purchasing power of the working and clerical classes intact with respect to…
Costa RicaVol. IV, p. 458 COSTA RICA. — I. GEOGRAPHY. — The smallest of the Central American republics facing both oceans: 50,000 sq. km (the relevant figures are not very reliable),…
Costa y Llobera, Miquel(COSTA Y LLOBERA, MIGUEL)Vol. IV, p. 459 COSTA Y LLOBERA, MIGUEL. — Priest and one of the most representative contemporary Catalan poets, born in Pollensa (Balearic Islands) on 10 March 1854, died in…
Costa, LorenzoVol. IV, p. 421 COSTA, LORENZO. - Painter, b. in Ferrara around 1460, d. in Mantua on May 3, 1535. He was a pupil in his native city of Cosmé Tura, as the St. Sebastian in…
Costadoni, AnselmoVol. IV, p. 422 COSTADONI, ANSELMO. - Learned Camaldolese monk (in the world Giovanni Domenico), born in Venezia on 6 October 1714, died there on 23 January 1785. He professed…
Costanzo, Camillo, Blessed(COSTANZO, CAMILLO, BEATO)Vol. IV, p. 456 COSTANZO, CAMILLO, blessed. - Martyr in Japan, born at Motta Bovalina (diocese of Gerace) in Cala- bria, in 1572; having taken part, in the troops of Ambrogio…
Coster, LaurensVol. IV, p. 459 COSTER, LAURENS. - Dutch from Haarlem (his real name was Janszoon), who lived in the middle of the COSTA RICA - 1) State borders; 2) Ecclesiastical district…
CostoloneVol. IV, p. 461 COSTOLONE. – This is the name given to the arch generally placed diagonally, which constitutes the load-bearing framework of vaults. This principle was not…
Cotelier, Jean-BaptisteVol. IV, p. 462 COTELIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE. - Philologist, born at Nîmes in 1627, died in Paris on 12 Aug. 1686. From childhood he showed exceptional aptitude for study and…
Coton, PierreVol. IV, p. 462 COTON, PIERRE. - Jesuit, controversialist, b. at Néronde (Loire) on 7 March 1564; d. at Paris on 19 March 1626. First a preacher in southern France, where he…
CottaVol. IV, p. 462 COTTA. – A white tunic worn by priests in rites not associated with Mass, and by clerics. Christian liturgy always required ecclesiastics, without distinction,…
Couderc, Marie-Victoire-Thérèse, Venerable(COUDERC, MARIE-VICTOIRE-THÉRÈSE, VENERABILE)Vol. IV, p. 467 COUDERC, MARIE-VICTOIRE-THÉRÈSE, venerable. - Co-foundress of the Institute of Our Lady of the Retreat at the Cenacle (v. SUORE DEL CENACOLO), b. at…
Coudrin, Pierre-Marie-JosephVol. IV, p. 467 COUDRIN, PIERRE-MARIE-JOSEPH. – Born at Coussay-les-Bois (Poitiers) on 1 March 1768, died in Paris on 27 March 1837. After studying at the college of…
Coulibeaux, Jean-Baptiste(COULBEAUX, JEAN-BAPTISTE)Vol. IV, p. 467 COULBEAUX, JEAN-BAPTISTE. - Lazarist missionary in East Africa, b. in 1843 and d. in Paris on 22 Oct. 1921. He reached Africa at only twenty-seven years of age…
Council(CONCILIO)Vol. IV, p. 118 COUNCIL. — I. ORIGIN. — The rise of heresies in the second century A.D. imposed upon the bishops the necessity of assembling in meetings to legislate…
Council of State(CONSIGLIO DI STATO)Vol. IV, p. 250 CONSIGLIO DI STATO. – The C. di S., which passed from the legislation of the Kingdom of Piemonte (itself an imitator of Napoleonic legislation), with…
Councils of Attigny-sur-Aisne(ATTIGNY-SUR-AISNE, CONCILI D')Vol. II, p. 221 ATTIGNY-SUR-AISNE, CONCILI d'. - Nothing in particular is known of the First Council of A., except that it was held in 765, with the participation of about…
Counsel, Gift of(CONSIGLIO, DONO DEL)Vol. IV, p. 249 COUNSEL, GIFT OF. — One of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. It is classified among the intellectual gifts, since it illumines the intellect. It is the gift…
Counsellors of Nunciature(CONSIGLIERI DI NUNZIATURA)Vol. IV, p. 249 CONSIGLIERI DI NUNZIATURA: V. NUNZIATURA.
Count Marcellino(CONTE MARCELLINO)Vol. IV, p. 260 CONTE MARCELLINO : v. MARCELLINO COMES.
Count Palatine (Of the Sacred Palace)(CONTE PALATINO (DEL SACRO PALAZZO))Vol. IV, p. 267 COUNT PALATINE (OF THE SACRED PALACE). — An honorific title by which popes, emperors, and sovereigns honored deserving persons. This title derived its origin…
Counter-Reformation(CONTRORIFORMA)Vol. IV, p. 281 CONTRORIFORMA: v. RIFORMA CATTOLICA.
Couperin, Family(COUPERIN, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IV, p. 467 COUPERIN, FAMIGLIA. – Descendants of a MATHURIN C. from the beginning of the 17th century, the C., like the Bach family, were a family of fervent musical…
Couplet, PhilippeVol. IV, p. 468 COUPLET, PHILIPPE. – Missionary in China, born at Malines (Belgium) on 31 May 1622; he entered the Society of Jesus there on 11 October 1640 and departed for…
Courland(CURLANDIA)Vol. IV, p. 642 CURLANDIA: V. LETTONIA.
Courtecuisse (Brievcuisse, Breviscoxa), Jean(COURTECUISSE (BRIÈVECUISSE, BREVISCOXA), JEAN)Vol. IV, p. 468 COURTECUISSE (BRIÈVECUISSE, Breviscoxa), JEAN. — Born at Haleine (Orne) around 1353, he was one of the most active ecclesiastics during the Western Schism and…
Courtois, Jacques, detto Il BorgognoneVol. IV, p. 469 COURTOIS, JACQUES, known as the BORGOGNONE. – Painter and engraver, born on 12 February 1621 at St-Hippolyte in Franche-Comté and died in Rome on 14 November…
Cousin, Jean, Il VecchioVol. IV, p. 469 COUSIN, JEAN, the ELDER. - French painter, wood engraver, sculptor: born c. 1490 in Sens (?), died in Paris c. 1561. From 1538 he is documented in Paris. (from…
Cousin, VictorVol. IV, p. 469 COUSIN, VICTOR. – Philosopher, born in Paris on 28 November 1792, died at Cannes on 14 January 1867. He taught at the École Normale from 1814 to 1820, and at…
Coussemaker, Charles-Edmond-Henri deVol. IV, p. 470 COUSSEMAKER, CHARLES-EDMOND-HENRI de. - Musicologist, b. at Beilleul on 19 Apr. 1805, d. at Lilla on 10 Jan. 1876. He studied law in Parigi and served as a…
Coustant, PierreVol. IV, p. 470 COUSTANT, PIERRE. – Benedictine of the Congregation of S. Mauro, born at Compiègne on 30 April 1657, died at the abbey of St-Germain-des-Prés near Paris on 18…
Coustou, Family(COUSTOU, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IV, p. 471 COUSTOU, FAMILY. - A family of French sculptors. NICOLA, born at Lyons on 8 Jan. 1658, died at Paris on 1 May 1773, was a pupil of his uncle A. Coysevox, but…
Cousturier (Sutor), PierreVol. IV, p. 471 COUSTURIER (SUTOR), PIERRE. - Carthusian theologian, b. at Chemiré le Roi around 1490, d. at Parc Sainte Marie (Le Mans), 18 June 1537. Having entered…
Coutances, Diocese of(COUTANCES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 471 COUTANCES, DIOCESE of. - Diocese and city of France in the department of La Manche. It extends over 5,800 sq. km. It comprises six archpriesthoods (C.,…
Covarrubias, Didaco(COVARRUVIAS, DIDACO)Vol. IV, p. 471 COVARRUVIAS, DIDACO. – A renowned Spanish jurist, b. in Toledo on 25 July 1512 and d. in Madrid on 27 Sept. 1577. After studying under Martino de Azpilcueta…
CovenantersVol. IV, p. 471 COVENANTERS. — This name derives from covenant (pact), and refers to the pact by which the Presbyterians of Scotland united for the patriotic-religious purpose…
Coverdale, MilesVol. IV, p. 471 COVERDALE, MILES. - English religious writer, b. at Coverdale (County of York) in 1488, d. in February 1568. He was an Augustinian friar at Cambridge, where he…
Covington, Diocese of(COVINGTON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 472 COVINGTON, DIOCESE of. - A city in the State of Kentucky (USA) and the seat of a diocese suffragan to Louisville. Its territory, situated east of the Kentucky…
Cowper, WilliamVol. IV, p. 472 COWPER, WILLIAM. - English poet, b. at Great Berkhamstead in 1731, d. at East Dereham in 1800. He studied at Westminster School (1741) and, in 1750, served a…
Cowton (de Couton), RobertVol. IV, p. 472 COWTON (de COUTON), ROBERT. - English philosopher, Franciscan. The life and doctrine of C. are too little known for an exact idea to be formed of his…
Coysevox, Charles-AntoineVol. IV, p. 472 COYSEVOX, CHARLES-ANTOINE. — Sculptor, born in Lyons on 29 September 1640, died in Paris on 10 October 1720. He initially followed the Berninian manner, then…
Cozza, LorenzoVol. IV, p. 472 COZZA, LORENZO. — Cardinal, known for theological learning and gifts of governance, born on 31 March 1654 at S. Lorenzo Vecchio (Viterbo), died in Rome on 18…
Cozza-Luzi, GiuseppeVol. IV, p. 473 COZZA-LUZI, GIUSEPPE. - Learned Italian Basilian monk, b. at Bolsena on 4 Dec. 1837. He became a Basilian at the abbey of Grottaferrata, where he became a…
Cozzarelli, GiacomoVol. IV, p. 473 COZZARELLI, GIACOMO. - Son of Bartolomeo di Marco. Sculptor and architect, b. in Siena on 20 Nov. 1455, d. on 23 March 1515. He resided in Urbino from the time…
Cozzarelli, GuidoccioVol. IV, p. 473 COZZARELLI, GUIDOCCIO. — Sienese painter and illuminator, documented from 1450 to 1516. His first signed work is a panel with the Madonna in trong, s. Gerolamo…
CraciunVol. IV, p. 473 CRACIUN. – Name for Christmas in Romanian, undoubtedly of Romance origin, although this has not yet been established (Cristo+ajun, “fast” or “vigil”?). The…
Cracow, Archdiocese of(CRACOVIA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 473 CRACOVIA, ARCIDIOCESI of. In Poland (Kraków), founded in 1000, a metropolitan see since 1925. Suffragan dioceses: Częstochowa, Katowice, Kielce, Tarnów. First…
Craftsmanship(ARTIGIANATO)Vol. II, p. 59 CRAFTSMANSHIP. – Small-scale industry carried on by the owner with the assistance of a few employees. I. DEFINITION. — Repeated attempts have been made to…
Cramer, WilhelmVol. IV, p. 474 CRAMER, WILHELM. — Author of books on popular education and pastoral theology, born in Oelde (Westphalia) on 3 March 1815, died in Münster on 15 March 1903;…
Crampon, Joseph-Théodore-AugustinVol. IV, p. 474 CRAMPON, JOSEPH-THÉODORE-AUGUSTIN. - French exegete, b. at Franvillers (diocese of Amiens) on 4 Feb. 1826, d. in Paris on 16 Aug. 1894. At the seminary of S.…
Cranach, Lukas Il VecchioVol. IV, p. 475 LUCAS CRANACH the Elder. — German painter, woodcut artist, and draftsman, born in Kronach (Franconia) in 1472, died in Weimar on 16 Oct. 1553, son of a painter…
Cranganore(CRANGANOR)Vol. IV, p. 475 CRANGANOR: v. GOA.
Cranium(CRANIO)Vol. IV, p. 475 CRANIUM. – The bony head consists of two distinct portions: the cerebral cranium, which contains the encephalon (v. CERVELLO), and the facial cranium, which…
Cranmer, ThomasVol. IV, p. 480 CRANMER, THOMAS. — First Anglican archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Aslacton (Nottingham) on 2 July 1489; d. at the stake in Oxford on 21 March 1556. A student…
Crashaw, RichardVol. IV, p. 480 CRASHAW, RICHARD. - English poet, born in London in 1612, died at Loreto on 21 Aug. 1649. The son of an anti-papal preacher, after the victory of the Puritans…
Crasset, JeanVol. IV, p. 480 CRASSET, JEAN. - Jesuit, born at Dieppe on 3 Jan. 1618, died at Paris on 4 Jan. 1692. He was a professor of letters and philosophy, a preacher, and a…
Crato, Diocese of(CRATO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 481 CRATO, DIOCESE of. - It occupies the southern part of the State of Ceará in Brazil, a hot and highly fertile region, but one sometimes struck by terrible…
Cratylus(CRATILO)Vol. IV, p. 481 CRATILO: v. CINICI.
Craven, Pauline-MarieVol. IV, p. 481 CRAVEN, PAULINE-MARIE. - French writer, born in London on 12 April 1808, of the noble de La Ferronays family, died in Paris on 1 April 1891. She converted her…
Creation(CREAZIONE)Vol. IV, p. 481 CREATION. - Production of a being from absolute nothingness. CONTENTS: I. The Catholic dogma of creation. - II. Christian iconography of creation. I. THE…
Creationism(CREAZIONISMO)Vol. IV, p. 488 CREATIONISM. — This may indicate the philosophical system that holds that the universe originated through creation (v.); or, in opposition to “evolutionism,”…
Creator Alme siderumVol. IV, p. 481 « CREATOR ALME SIDERUM ». – Hymn of Vespers for the season of Advent, attributed, with little foundation, to s. Ambrogio; its author was nevertheless inspired…
Creator of Human Salvation(SALUTIS HUMANAE SATOR)Vol. X, p. 1013 « SALUTIS HUMANAE SATOR ». – Hymn of Vespers and Lauds in the Office of the Ascension. Originally « Jesu, nostra redemptio », by an unknown author, it appears…
Credentials, Letters of(CREDENZIALI, LETTERE)Vol. IV, p. 489 CREDENTIALS, LETTERS OF. - This is the proper designation of the formal act by which one State appoints its own diplomatic agent (v.) to another. Letters of…
CredenzaVol. IV, p. 488 CREDENZA. — In its general and broader meaning, to believe is to accept a proposition, a fact, or a doctrine, not on account of its intrinsic evidence, but…
Credi, Lorenzo DiVol. IV, p. 489 CREDI, LORENZO di: v. LORENZO di CREDI.
Credit(CREDITO)Vol. IV, p. 493 CREDITO. — This is an exchange of wealth whereby wealth available at the present moment is ceded in return for a promise to repay the value lent in the future.…
Credit Instruments(TITOLI DI CREDITO)Vol. XII, p. 119 CREDIT INSTRUMENTS. - These are the legal tokens of capital lent under a loan contract (bills of exchange, promissory notes, bonds, interest-bearing…
Creed(CREDO)Vol. IV, p. 494 CREDO: V. SIMBOLO APOSTOLICO.
Crellier, Henry-Joseph(CRELIER, HENRY-JOSEPH)Vol. IV, p. 494 CRELIER, HENRY-JOSEPH. – Exegete, born at Bure near Porrentruy (diocese of Basel) on 16 November 1816, died as parish priest at Bressancourt on 22 April 1889.…
CremaVol. IV, p. 495 CREMA — Sanctuary of S. Maria delle Grazie, by G. Battagio da Lodi (15th century). the outrage committed against the corpses of their brethren, and the…
Crema, Diocese of(CREMA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 494 CREMA, DIOCESE of. — In Lombardy, province of Cremona; before 1580 the territory of Cremasco was divided among three dioceses: Cremona, Lodi, and Piacenza. The…
Cremation(CREMAZIONE)Vol. IV, p. 495 CREMATION. — The term c. (from Lat. crematio = burning) has been reserved by usage for the act of burning the human corpse. As this act is practised today in…
Cremisini, AntonioVol. IV, p. 497 CREMISINI, ANTONIO. – Ascetical writer, born at Poggio Nativo (Rieti) on 13 June 1792, died in Rome on 27 October 1875. He entered the Congregation of the…
Cremona, Diocese of(CREMONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 498 CREMONA, DIOCESE of. – In Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po, a suffragan diocese of Milan, and the provincial capital (area 943.8 sq. km.). Formerly a Roman…
Cremonini, CesareVol. IV, p. 499 CREMONINI, CESARE. – Philosopher, b. at Cento in 1550 or 1552, d. in 1631. After teaching at Ferrara, he became Galileo’s colleague at the University of Padua,…
CrepitacoloVol. IV, p. 499 CREPITACOLO. — From the Latin crepitaculum, crepitaculum: a wooden toy which, when shaken, produces a noise. It is also called battola, tabella, or raganella.…
Crepuscular, Poetry(CREPUSCOLARE, POESIA)Vol. IV, p. 500 CREPUSCOLARE, POESIA. – The movement of the “crepuscular” poets (the term was first used by G. A. Borgese), besides immediate motives of an extrinsic and…
Crescas, Ḥasdai(CRESCAS, ḤASDAJ)Vol. IV, p. 500 CRESCAS, ḤASDAJ. – Jewish anti-Aristotelian philosopher, b. in Barcelona in 1340; d. in Saragossa in 1412. He enjoyed the favor of the court of Aragon,…
CrescenteVol. IV, p. 500 CRESCENTE. — A disciple of St Paul, mentioned in II Tim. 4:10. The Latin name Crescens (Tacitus, Hist., I, 76, the name of a freedman of Nero; Annal., XV, 11,…
Crescentia, Saint, Martyr(CRESCENZIA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. IV, p. 502 CRESCENZIA, saint, martyr: v. VITO, MODESTO e CRESCENZIA, santi, martiri.
Crescenzi, Family(CRESCENZI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IV, p. 501 CRESCENZI, FAMIGLIA. – An eminent Roman family that held the leading position from the middle of the tenth century to the beginning of the eleventh in the…
Crescenzio Di AnagniVol. IV, p. 502 CRESCENZIO di ANAGNI. — Cardinal, who lived between the 11th and 12th centuries. Together with Sasso, also from Anagni, and with a group of clerics from the…
Cresci, Pietro Da Foligno, Blessed(CRESCI, PIETRO DA FOLIGNO, BEATO)Vol. IV, p. 502 CRESCI, PIETRO da FOLIGNO, blessed. – Austere ascetic, born circa 1243, died on 18 July 1323. He was a Franciscan tertiary and an intimate of blessed Angela da…
Crescimbeni, Gian MarioVol. IV, p. 502 CRESCIMBENI, GIAN MARIO. — Man of letters and scholar, born at Macerata on 9 October 1663, died at Rome on 8 March 1728. Canon and archpriest of S. Maria in…
Crescitelli, Alberico, Venerable(CRESCITELLI, ALBERICO, VENERABILE)Vol. IV, p. 502 CRESCITELLI, ALBERICO, venerable. – Missionary, killed for the faith in the Apostolic Vicariate of Hanchung (China). Born at Altavilla Irpina (Avellino) on 30…
CresconioVol. IV, p. 502 CRESCONIO. — A Donatist African teacher who undertook to defend the Donatist bishop Petilianus against St. Augustine, in a long letter addressed to the latter…
Crespi, DanieleVol. IV, p. 511 CRESPI, DANIELE. — Painter, born in Busto Arsizio around 1600, died in Milan in 1630. Educated through the examples of Giovan Battista Crespi, Procaccini, and…
Crespi, Giovanni Battista, Known as Il Cerano(CRESPI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, DETTO IL CERANO)Vol. IV, p. 511 CRESPI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, known as CERANO. - Painter, architect, and sculptor, born at Cerano in 1557, died at Milano in 1633. Besides Milano, he also worked…
Crespieul (Crépieul), FrançoisVol. IV, p. 513 CRESPIEUL (CRÉPIEUL), FRANÇOIS. — Missionary in Canada, born at Arras on 17 March 1638, entered the Society of Jesus at Tournai on 29 October 1658, and went on…
Crespin, FrançoisVol. IV, p. 513 CRESPIN, FRANÇOIS: V. FRANCESCO BONAE SPEI.
Crespí De Valdaura Y Borja, Lluís(CRESPÍ DE VALDAURA Y BORJA, LUÍS)Vol. IV, p. 512 CRESPÍ DE VALDAURA Y BORJA, Luís. - Spanish theologian and bishop, born at Valenza on 2 May 1607, died there on 19 Apr. 1663. Ordained priest in 1631, he…
Crespí, Giuseppe Maria, Called Lo Spagnolo(CRESPÍ, GIUSEPPE MARIA, DETTO LO SPAGNOLO)Vol. IV, p. 512 CRESPÍ, GIUSEPPE MARIA, known as lo SPAGNOLO. — Painter, born in Bologna on 16 March 1665, died there on 16 July 1747. He studied in his native city, first…
Cressy, Hugh (Paulinus Serenus)Vol. IV, p. 513 CRESSY, HUGH (PAULINUS SERENUS). – English Benedictine theologian, b. at Thorpe-Salvin (Yorkshire) around 1605; d. at East Grinstead (Sussex) on 10 August…
Crete(CRETA)Vol. IV, p. 513 CRETA. – Island of the Mediterranean south-east of Greece, also called Candia after the name of its principal city. 250 km long from east to west, on average…
Creti, DonatoVol. IV, p. 514 CRETI, DONATO. - Painter and engraver, b. at Cremona on 24 Feb. 1677, d. at Bologna on 29 Jan. 1749. He worked chiefly in the latter city, where he learned the…
Creuzer, FriedrichVol. IV, p. 514 CREUZER, FRIEDRICH. — Philologist, born in Marburg on 10 March 1771, died on 16 February 1858 in Heidelberg, where for more than 40 years he taught philology…
Crime(DELITTO)Vol. IV, p. 797 DELITTO. — I. GENERAL NOTIONS. — In canon law, a delict is defined by the CIC as: “an external and morally imputable violation of a law, for which at least an…
Crime, Impediment of(CRIMINE, IMPEDIMENTO DEL)Vol. IV, p. 514 CRIMINE, IMPEDIMENTO del. — I. Adultery and homicide committed against the person of a spouse, contemplated by the CIC respectively in can. 2317 § 2 and can.…
Criminal(CRIMINALE)Vol. IV, p. 514 CRIMINALE: v. DELINQUENTE.
Criminal Anthropology(ANTROPOLOGIA CRIMINALE)Vol. I, p. 946 CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. – This is that branch of anthropology which, using the same naturalistic methods as that science, studies the delinquent man in all his…
Criminali, AntonioVol. IV, p. 514 CRIMINALI, ANTONIO. – Protomartyr of the Society of Jesus, born at Sissa, near Parma, on 7 February 1520, he was received into the Order by St Ignatius himself…
Criobolium(CRIOBOLIO)Vol. IV, p. 516 CRIOBOLIO : V. TAUROBOLIO.
Criophoro(CRIOFORO)Vol. IV, p. 517 CRIOFORO : v. PASTORE (buono).
Crisio, Diocese of(CRISIO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IV, p. 523 CRISIO, DIOCESI di: v. KRIŽEVCI, DIOCESI di.
Crisogonus, Saint(CRISOGONO, SANTO)Vol. IV, p. 523 CRISOGONO, saint. — Martyr, commemorated on 24 November. His history, according to the Passio, is linked with that of St. Anastasia. C. was neither Roman nor…
Crisologo, Peter, Saint(CRISOLOGO, PIETRO, SANTO)Vol. IV, p. 524 CRISOLOGUS, PETER, saint: v. PIETRO CRISOLOGO, saint.
Crisolora, Manuel(CRISOLÓRA, MANUELE)Vol. IV, p. 524 CRISOLÓRA, MANUELE. — Greek humanist of the 14th–15th century, born in Constantinople around 1350, died at Constance during the Council on 15 April 1415. He…
Crisopoli, Filippo(CRISPOLTI, FILIPPO)Vol. IV, p. 526 CRISPOLTI, FILIPPO. — Born in Rieti on 25 April 1857, died in Rome on 3 March 1942. Journalist, man of letters, senator of the Kingdom. After graduating in…
Crispi, FrancescoVol. IV, p. 524 CRISPI, FRANCESCO. — Statesman, born at Ribera (Girgenti) on 4 October 1818, died at Naples on 11 August 1901. A doctor of law and magistrate, he practised law…
Crispin and Crispinian, Saints, Martyrs(CRISPINO E CRISPINIANO, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. IV, p. 526 CRISPINO and CRISPINIANO, saints, martyrs. - The information concerning them is uncertain and obscure. In the Auxerre recension of the Martyrologium…
Crispin Of Viterbo, Blessed(CRISPINO DA VITERBO, BEATO)Vol. IV, p. 525 CRISPINO da VITERBO, blessed. — Capuchin lay brother of the Roman province, in the world Pietro Fioretti, born at Viterbo on 13 November 1668, died at Rome on…
Crispin, Giuseppe(CRISPINO, GIUSEPPE)Vol. IV, p. 525 CRISPINO, GIUSEPPE. — Canonist and bishop, b. at Roccaguglielma (diocese of Aquino) ca. 1635, d. in 1721. He studied the Filippo Neri school of spirituality in…
Crispina, Saint, Martyr(CRISPINA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. IV, p. 525 CRISPINA, saint, martyr. — Born at Tagora, she suffered martyrdom by beheading on 5 December 304 at Tebessa (Africa), where the ruins of the ancient basilica…
Crispus(CRISPO)Vol. IV, p. 526 CRISPO. - Archisynagogue (v.) of Corinth, converted by St. Paul (Latin names were not infrequently borne by Jews). C. was head of the synagogue or of one of…
Cristaldi, BelisarioVol. IV, p. 527 CRISTALDI, BELISARIO. - Cardinal, b. in Rome on 11 July 1764, d. there on 25 February 1831. Descended from a noble baronial family, he first studied letters…
