C
2,386 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Confessional (CONFESSIONALE)
A church furnishing in which the priest administers the sacrament of Penance. Confessionals in their present form began to appear in the 16th century… -
Confession (Means of Proof) (CONFESSIONE (MEZZO DI PROVA))
Confession, as a means of proof, is distinguished in canon law into judicial confession and extrajudicial confession. I. Judicial confession is a true and… -
Confessor (CONFESSORE (CONFESSOR))
From the Latin confessor (from confiteri = to declare openly, a term proper to Christian Latin; Greek ὁμολογητής) is the title that today, in liturgy, is given… -
Confirmation (CONFERMA)
CONFERMA: v. PROVVISTA CANONICA. -
Confirmation (CONFERMAZIONE)
CONFERMAZIONE: v. CRESIMA. -
Confirmation (CRESIMA)
II. Moral theology and canon law of C. - III. Ascetics of C. I. DOGMATIC THEOLOGY OF CONFIRMATION. SUMMARY: I. Notions - II. History - III. Dogma. I. NOTIONS.… -
Confiscation of Ecclesiastical Goods (CONFISCA DEI BENI ECCLESIASTICI)
CONFISCA DEI BENI ECCLESIASTICI: v. SECOLARIZZAZIONE; USURPAZIONE. -
Confiteor
Formula of the general confession of sins in the Latin liturgy, whose origin goes back to the custom of priests of confessing their own unworthiness before… -
Conforti, Giovanni Francesco
Theologian, b. at Calvanico on 7 Jan. 1743. Ordained a priest, he went to Naples, where he published De variate religionis christianae et theologicis locis… -
Conforti, Guido Maria
Bishop, b. at Ravadese (Parma) on 30 March 1865, d. at Parma on 5 Nov. 1931. He did his studies at Parma, always first or among the first. On 22 Sept. 1888 he… -
Confraternity (CONFRATERNITA)
An ecclesiastical corporation, composed of faithful who are predominantly laypeople, canonically erected and governed by a competent superior, with the purpose… -
Confraternity of the Most Holy Sacrament (COMPAGNIA DEL S.mo SACRAMENTO)
Religious organization founded in Paris in 1630 as a secret society by Henri de Lévis, duke of Ventadour, with the cooperation of the Capuchin Philippe… -
Confucianism (CONFUCIANESIMO)
This is the name given to the whole body of religious, ethical and political doctrines that Confucius (v.) gathered from antiquity, inculcated through his life… -
Confucius (CONFUCI)
Italianized form, from the Chinese Ccomfuze [K'ung Fu-tzu] meaning "The Master (or Philosopher) Ccom," later accepted by almost all Western languages, under… -
Congregationalists (CONGREGAZIONALISTI)
A designation for Protestants who profess absolute independence from any community (congregation) of the faithful. The pseudo-Reformation in England developed… -
Congregation for the Abundance of the Ecclesiastical State (ABBONDANZA DELLO STATO ECCLESIASTICO, CONGREGAZIONE DI)
ABBONDANZA DELLO STATO ECCLESIASTICO, CONGREGAZIONE di: v. CONGREGAZIONI PONTIFICIE. -
Congregation of Ancona (ANCONA, CONGREGAZIONE DI)
ANCONA, CONGREGAZIONE di: v. CONGREGA- ZIONI PONTIFICIE. -
Congregation of Benedictine Virgins (VERGINIANI, CONGREGAZIONE BENEDETTINA DEI)
Founded at Montevergine (v.) by St. William of Vercelli (v.), between 1114 and 1126. At the death of the founder (25 June 1142) the monasteries of the… -
Congregation of Cistercians of Casamari (CASAMARI, CONGREGAZIONE CISTERCENSE DI)
Cistercian abbey, in the diocese of Veroli, at a place called Cerate, the birthplace, according to tradition, of Gaius Marius, whence the name Casa Marii. Its… -
Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists) (CONGREGAZIONE DI GESÙ E MARIA (EUDISTI))
Founded in the 17th century by St. John Eudes (v.), this C. is contemporary with three other celebrated French institutions: the Oratory, the Congregation of… -
Congregation of Our Lady (CONGREGAZIONE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA)
Fondata a Montréal, nel Canadà, nel 1618 dalla ven. Margherita Bourgeois (v.), per l'istruzione ed educazione della gioventù. Very widespread in Canada and… -
Congregation of Priests of the Schools of Charity (CONGREGAZIONE DEI SACERDOTI DELLE SCUOLE DI CARITÀ)
Fu istituita a Venezia nel 1802 dai fratelli sacerdoti Marcantonio e Antonio Angelo Crvanis (v.) per assicurare l'esistenza della scuola da essi fondata… -
Congregation of Saint Catherine of Siena of the Sisters of the Third Order of Saint Dominic in South Africa (CONGREGAZIONE DI SANTA CATERINA DA SIENA DELLE SUORE DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN DOMENICO NEL SUD-AFRICA)
Under this name is to be understood the union of 6 already existing Congregations of Dominican tertiaries, of which 5 are in the South African Union, with… -
Congregation of Saint Paul (Barnabites) (CONGREGAZIONE DI SAN PAOLO (BARNABITI))
Founded in 1530 in Milan by St. Anthony M. Zaccaria (v.) together with Giacomo Morigia and Bartolomeo Ferrari, Milanese patricians. Their first residence was… -
Congregation of the Body of Christ (CONGREGAZIONE DEL CORPO DI CRISTO)
Monastic institute founded in 1328 by the blessed Andrea di Paolo (d. ca. 1345), marquis of Torre Andrea (in the vicinity of Assisi), who after spending some… -
Congregation of the Clerics Regular Marian Fathers Under the Title of the Immaculate Conception (CONGREGAZIONE DEI CHIERICI REGOLARI MARIANI SOTTO IL TITOLO DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE)
Religious congregation founded in 1673 by Stanisław Papczyński (v.), who, having left the Piarists, devoted himself to the education of poor Polish youth.… -
Congregation of the Holy Cross (CONGREGAZIONE DI SANTA CROCE)
CONGREGATION OF HOLY CROSS. In 1820 James Francis Dujarié, parish priest of Ruillé-sur-Loir (Sarthe), founded, under the name of "Brothers of St. Joseph," an… -
Congregation of the Holy Cross of Saint Quentin (CONGREGAZIONE DELLA SANTA CROCE DI SAN QUENTIN)
Ebbe origine nel 1622 ad Amiens per opera di Cristoforo Belliot, vicario generale di Amiens, con la collaborazione di alcuni sacerdoti e più giovani, per la… -
Congregation of the Holy Family of Nazareth (CONGREGAZIONE DELLA SACRA FAMIGLIA DI NAZARET)
Fu fondata nel 1886 a Brescia dal pio sacerdote Giovanni Piamarta (n. 1841, m. 1913) per la cristiana educazione e per la istruzione professionale dei figli… -
Congregation of the Holy Spirit (CONGREGAZIONE DELLO SPIRITO SANTO)
It was founded in Paris on 20 May 1703 by Claude François Poullart des Places. The latter, still a layman, came to the aid of poor fellow students, gathering… -
Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (CONGREGAZIONE DEL CUORE IMMACOLATO DI MARIA)
Founded in 1862 by Fr. Theophilus Verbist at Scheut, a suburb of Brussels, with the approval and support of Cardinal Sterckx of Malines and of the Belgian… -
Congregation of the Mission (CONGREGAZIONE DELLA MISSIONE)
A congregation of secular priests with private and perpetual vows, founded in Paris by St. Vincent de Paul in 1625. In France and also in Italy, the members of… -
Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (CONGREGAZIONE DEL S.MO REDENTORE)
It was founded at Scala near Amalfi by St. Alphonsus Mary de' Liguori (v.), on 9 November 1732, for the preaching of missions to the people. It was called the… -
Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (CONGREGAZIONE DEI CUORI DI GESÙ E MARIA)
It originated at Lanciano, in Abruzzo, in 1880 on the initiative of Fr. Lorenzo Lisio and Maria Domenica Rosati, for the care of the sick in hospitals and at… -
Congregation of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ (CONGREGAZIONE DELLA RESURREZIONE DI NOSTRO SIGNORE GESÙ CRISTO)
It began in Paris on Feb. 17, 1856 through the work of Bogdan (Adecodato) Janski, a Pole, who, having repented of Saint-Simonism, had devoted himself to the… -
Congregation of the Sacred Hearts (CONGREGAZIONE DEI SACRI CUORI)
Istituto femminile sorto a Poitiers nel 1797 per opera del sac. Pietro Coudrin e della contessa Enrichetta Aymer de la Chevalerie.It has a contemplative and… -
Congregation of Waters and Roads (ACQUE E STRADE, CONGREGAZIONE DELLE)
ACQUE e STRADE, CONGREGAZIONE DELLE: V. CONGREGAZIONI PONTIFICIE. -
Congrua
With the name c., or portio congrua, canonists customarily designate that amount of income which is considered necessary for the dignified support of a… -
Congruism (CONGRUISMO)
The name of this theological system derives from St. Augustine, who in Book I of De diversis quaestionibus ad Simplicianum, explaining how efficacious Grace is… -
Conhospitae
CONHOSPITAE: v. AGAPÈTE. -
Conimbricenses
This is the name given to those Jesuits, professors of philosophy at the University of Coimbra who, between the last years of the 16th century and the first… -
Coniunctio Manuum
CONIUNCTIO MANUUM: v. MATRIMONIO. -
Conjugicide (CONIUGICIDIO)
CONIUGICIDIO: v. CRIMINE. -
Connection (CONNESSIONE)
CONNESSIONE (CONTINENTIA CAUSARUM): v. COMPETENZA. -
Conon, Bishop of Tarsus (CONONE, VESCOVO DI TARSO)
Heretic of the 6th century. Starting from Monophysitism, he followed the doctrines of John Philoponus of Alexandria, which led to tritheism by admitting in the… -
Conon, Pope (CONONE, PAPA)
When John V died in August 686, the Romans found themselves divided over the election of his successor: the clergy wanted the archpriest Peter, while the… -
Conopeum (CONOPEO)
Velo che ricopre il Tabernacolo: v. TABERNACOLO. -
Conrad Confalonieri of Piacenza, Saint (CORRADO CONFALONIERI DI PIACENZA, SANTO)
Hermit and Franciscan tertiary, b. in 1290, d. 19 February 1351. Devoted to hunting in his youth, one day he set fire to a bush to flush out game; when the… -
Conrad II, Emperor, Known as the Salic (CORRADO II, IMPERATORE, DETTO IL SALICO)
When the Saxon dynasty died out with Henry II in 1024, the choice fell on the Franconian-Rhenish count C., who, born around 990 and great-grandson, through his… -
Conrad III, Emperor (CORRADO III, IMPERATORE)
Duke of Franconia, nephew of Henry V and brother of Frederick of Swabia, representative of the Salian tradition and party, to whom the Diet of Mainz in 1125… -
Conrad I, King of the East Franks (CORRADO I, RE DEI FRANCHI ORIENTALI)
Lived in the 9th-10th centuries. When the eastern line of the Carolingians died out with Louis the Child (911), the magnates of Germany did not wish to offer… -
Conradin of Swabia (CORRADINO DI SVEVIA)
Born in the castle of Wolfstein, near Landshut (Lower Bavaria), on 25 March 1252, died in Naples on 29 October 1268. The last descendant of the Hohenstaufen… -
Conrad IV, Emperor (CORRADO IV, IMPERATORE)
Born at Andria in 1228 from the marriage of Frederick II to Isabella of Brienne, heiress of the kingdom of Jerusalem; he was named by his father, in 1237, duke… -
Conrad of Gelnhausen (CORRADO DI GELNHAUSEN)
Theologian and canonist, b. in the Palatinate ca. 1320 to a family of middling condition, d. at Heidelberg on 13 April 1390. He enrolled in 1344 in the faculty… -
Conrad of Halberstadt (CORRADO DI HALBERSTADT)
Name of two Dominican writers on theological and historical subjects, of whom neither the year of birth nor that of death is known, and whose literary legacy… -
Conrad of Marburg (CORRADO DI MARBURGO)
Famous inquisitor, b. at Marburg (Hesse), and a member of the secular clergy of the diocese of Mainz. Called magister by his contemporaries, he was… -
Conrad of Megenberg (CORRADO DI MEGENBERG (DE MONTE PUELLARUM))
German canon, theologian, historian, jurist and polemicist, b. probably at Mainsberg ca. 1308-10, d. at Regensburg on 14 (according to others 11) April 1374.… -
Conrad of Offida, Blessed (CORRADO DA OFFIDA, BEATO)
He was a Franciscan who revived the characteristic figures of the friars of the Fioretti. Born in Offida in 1237, he entered the Order in 1251, and, having… -
Conrad of Parzham, Saint (CORRADO DA PARZHAM, SANTO)
Capuchin lay brother of the province of Bavaria, in the world John Biradorfer, b. Dec. 22, 1818, d. Apr. 21, 1894. After his religious profession (Oct. 4… -
Conrad of Prussia (CORRADO DI PRUSSIA)
In the world C. de Grossis, a Dominican; born perhaps in Brussels, but more probably in Prussia, died on 10 March 1426 at Schönensteinbach. In 1388 vicar of… -
Conrad of Rodenberg (CORRADO DI RODENBERG)
Benedictine abbot, also known by the name C. Barscerier, b. at Rodenberg in an unknown year; d. at Rheingau on 15 Dec. 1486. He was prior of St. Martin's in… -
Conrad of Saxony (CORRADO DI SASSONIA (HOLZINGER, HOLTHNIKER, HOLTZUHLER))
Franciscan, preacher and ascetical writer, b. at Braunschweig, in the early years of the 13th century; d. at Bologna on 30 May 1279. A lector in the Studium of… -
Conrad of Urach (CORRADO DI URACH)
CORRADO di URACH: v. CORRADO di ZÄHRINGEN. -
Conrad of Waldhausen (CORRADO DI WALDHAUSEN (C. D'AUSTRIA))
Regular canon, born in Upper Austria certainly before 1320, died in Prague on 8 December 1369. He was a canon at Waldhausen; having become a priest, he carried… -
Conrad of Wittelsbach (CORRADO DI WITTELSBACH)
One of the most eminent figures of the German episcopate of the 12th century, b. around 1130 to Otto V of Scheyern-Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of Bavaria, and… -
Conrad of Zähringen, Blessed (CORRADO DI ZÄHRINGEN, BEATO)
Cistercian, cardinal, also called of Urach (because he was the son of that Count Egino IV), b. in the last quarter of the 12th century, d. in Rome (?) on 30… -
Conrad, Saint (CORRADO, SANTO)
Bishop of Constance. His noble parents entrusted him to the clergy of the cathedral of Constance, and Bishop Noting (920-34) chose him as his collaborator… -
Conrad the Priest (CORRADO IL PRETE)
CORRADO il PRETE: v. KAISERCHRONIK. -
Conradus, Lagus
German jurist, d. 7 Nov. 1546, taught at various German universities. He wrote a treatise entitled Iuris circusque traditio methodica, in which he sets out the… -
Conrad V, Emperor (CORRADO V, IMPERATORE)
CORRADO V, IMPERATORE: v. CORRADINO di SVEVIA. -
Conry (Conrius), Florent
Franciscan theologian, b. in Ireland (Connaught) in 1560, d. in Madrid on 16 Nov. 1629. He entered the Reformed Friars Minor. Created Archbishop of Tuam by… -
Consalvi, Ercole
Cardinal, b. in Rome on 7 June 1757, d. at Anzio on 24 Jan. 1824. He studied at the seminary of Frascati; a deacon, he was never a priest. Through his agile… -
Consanguinity (CONSANGUINEITÀ.)
According to its etymological and literal meaning, c. is the attribute of individuals having the same blood and essentially expresses, following the… -
Conscience (COSCIENZA)
I. PHILOSOPHY. - In its etymological meaning (from Lat. cum-scientia, conscience συν-εἰδησις = common knowledge, corresponding to judgment) conscience is the… -
Conscientious Objection (OBIEZIONE DI COSCIENZA)
The act by which a citizen refuses to obey the order of the public authority to perform ordinary military service or to mobilize in the event of war is called… -
Consecratio
CONSECRATIO : v. APOTEOSI. (propr. Enc. Catt.) CONSANGUINITY - Diagram of the degrees of consanguinity according to Roman law (Roman numerals) and canon law… -
Consecration (CONSACRAZIONE)
It is the stable and legally valid passage of a person or thing from the profane order (ius humanum) to the sacred order (ius divinum), by means of a rite. In… -
Consensus
Term used by Protestants to indicate a synthetic exposition of doctrine. They give various names to the summaries of their doctrines; they call them catechisms… -
Consent (CONSENSO)
In its broadest meaning it is the adherence of the will to the idea presented by the intellect: it is a necessary element for the human act to be called free… -
Consenti, Dei
Although it differs in part from the Greek one, where Poseidon or Hermes is associated with Athena, and is not as important as the Etruscan one (Varro in… -
Conserans, Diocese of (CONSERANS, DIOCESI DI)
CONSERANS, DIOCESI di: v. PAMIERS, DIOCESI di. -
Conservation (CONSERVAZIONE)
CONSERVAZIONE: v. PROVIDENZA. -
Conservatore, Judge (CONSERVATORE, GIUDICE)
Name given to a particular category of delegated judges, which the supreme pontiff was accustomed to grant to moral persons and pious institutions… -
Consignatorium
This refers to a hall for the administration of the Sacrament of Confirmation, which in the first centuries was administered in places of worship, as St.… -
Consilinum, Diocese of (CONSILINUM, DIOCESI DI)
Ancient diocese in Lucania (Sala Consilina), of which only two bishops are known: Sabinus, in the years 494-96 (Jaffé-Wattenbach, 653, 678), and Latinus in the… -
Consistory (Concistoro) (CONCISTORIO (CONCISTORO))
For Protestants the c. (they rarely call it consistory) has multiple forms and meanings. For Calvin (1509-64) in Geneva the c. was the great means of… -
Consobrino (Sobrinho), João
Carmelite theologian, b. in Lisbon at the beginning of the 15th century, d. there on 11 January 1486 (not in 1475, as others suppose). After completing his… -
Consors Paternus Luminis (CONSORS PATERNI LUMINIS)
Hymn of Matins for Tuesday, composed by St. Ambrose. It is a prayer that rises to Christ the bearer of light: to this unfailing Light it asks to come and… -
Conspiracy (COSPIRAZIONE)
COSPIRAZIONE : v. AUTORITÀ ECCLESIASTICHE, DELITTI contro le; RIVOLUZIONE. -
Constance (COSTANZA)
City and ancient diocese of southern Germany, situated on the lake of the same name and on the Rhine, near the borders with Switzerland. It has a predominantly… -
Constancy (COSTANZA)
A moral virtue that gives the soul continuity in doing good, shielding it against difficulties coming from outside: discouragement, disappointments, slackness… -
Constant de Rebecque, Benjamin-Henri
Writer, polemicist, orator, b. at Lausanne on 25 Oct. 1767 to a Protestant family, d. at Paris on 8 Dec. 1830. He studied at Oxford, Erlangen, Edinburgh, and… -
Constantia (Flavia Julia Constantia) (COSTANZA (FLAVIA JULIA CONSTANTIA))
Daughter of Constantius Chlorus and of Theodora, half-sister of Constan- > (from M. Goree and B. Martire, Histoire générale des religions: Cristianisme… -
Constantina, Diocese of (COSTANTINA, DIOCESI DI)
It is the ancient Cirta in Numidia (now Algeria), which had an episcopal see in the 3rd century, restored on 25 July 1866 by Pius IX, assigning to it as its… -
Constantine
CONSTANTINE: v. COSTANTINA. -
Constantine Acropolita (COSTANTINO ACROPOLITA)
Greek writer, who lived at the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th. Like his father George, he was for many years Grand Logothete… -
Constantine da Loreto Piceno (COSTANTINO DA LORO PICENO)
Capuchin (in the world Lorenzo Mocchi), b. at Ascoli Piceno in 1770. He was a missionary in Tibet, whence in 1742 he sent a report on the mission (published in… -
Constantine I (COSTANTINO I)
Armenian katholikos, b. in 1220, d. 9 April 1267, called Bartarberdtzi, praised as a virtuous and wise man by his contemporaries. He had the merit of having… -
Constantine II, Antipope (COSTANTINO II, ANTIPAPA)
On the death of Paul I (28 June 767), Toto, duke of Nepi, by force had his own brother C., still a simple layman, elected, and Bishop George of Palestrina was… -
Constantine II (Flavius Claudius Constantinus), Emperor (COSTANTINO II (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS CONSTANTINUS), IMPERATORE)
Son of Constantine the Great and > (from J. Maurier, Numismatique Constant., I, Paris 189, pl. XII, 38) CONSTANTINE II - Gold coin. of Fausta, b. at Arles in… -
Constantine III Lichudes (COSTANTINO III LICHUDES)
Patriarch of Constantinople (1059-63), immediate successor of Michael Cerularius (v.). Around 1062 he wrote to Pope Alexander II a letter now lost but… -
Constantine, Roman Emperor, Known as the Great (COSTANTINO, IMPERATORE ROMANO, DETTO IL GRANDE)
SUMMARY. - I. Life. - II. Personality. - III. Ecclesiastical policy. - IV. Personal religiosity. - V. Political motives for the conversion of C. - VI. The… -
Constantine I, Pope (COSTANTINO I, PAPA)
After the very brief pontificate of Sisinnius, C. was elected as his successor, a Syrian by origin, who was consecrated on March 25, 708. He was invited to… -
Constantine Meliteniota (COSTANTINO MELITENIOTA)
He belonged to the famous M. family and held the office of archdeacon and chartophylax of the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople in the second half of… -
Constantine of Barbentane (COSTANTINO DA BARBENÇON)
Capuchin preacher and ascetical writer, b. at Barbençon (Hainaut, Flanders) ca. 1582, d. at Bonn on 26 (or 25) Nov. 1631 (or 1632?). From Belgium he was sent… -
Constantine the African (COSTANTINO AFRICANO)
Carthaginian Benedictine, converted from Islam, translator of Arabic and Greek works, d. 1087. For 39 years he traveled through the East and Egypt. In 1060 he… -
Constantinople (COSTANTINOPOLI)
Ancient Byzantium (Byzantion), built in 658 B.C. by a colony from Megara, whose leader was Byzas; almost entirely destroyed by Septimius Severus in 196 A.D.… -
Constantius da Fabriano, Blessed (COSTANZO DA FABRIANO, BEATO)
Dominican, born at the beginning of the 15th century in Fabriano to the humble family of Bernardo de Servoli. He spent some time in Bologna, then in Tuscany… -
Constantius I Chlorus (COSTANZO I, CLORO)
Bronze head (3rd-4th century). Munich, Glyptothek. s. v. in Pauly-Wissowa, VII, coll. 1044-94; id., Regesten der Kaiser und Pöpste (1919). For the rest one… -
Constantius I, Roman Emperor, surnamed Chlorus (COSTANZO I, IMPERATORE ROMANO, SOPRANNOMINATO CLORO)
Founder of the dynasty of the second Flavians, b. in Illyricum, d. at Eboracum (York) on 25 July 306. In 289 he was praetorian prefect under Maximian, whose… -
Constantius II (Flavius Julius Constantinus), Emperor (COSTANZO II (FLAXIUS IULIUS CONSTANTINUS), IMPERATORE)
Son of Constantine the Great and of Fausta, born on 7 August 317, probably at Sirmium, named Caesar on 8 November 324, he became Augustus before he was yet… -
Constitution (COSTITUZIONE)
I. NOTION. - In diplomatics, a constitution is the document containing particular sovereign provisions: a distinction is drawn between pontifical… -
Constitution (COSTITUZIONE)
From cum and statuere, it is understood, in the ancient sense, as the structural morphological complex of the human body; the individual's original… -
Constitutiones Per Hippolytum
CONSTITUTIONES PER HIPPOLYTUM: v. IPPOLITO. -
Constitution of the Apostles (APOSTOLI, COSTITUZIONE DEGLI)
APOSTOLI, COSTITUZIONE DEGLI: V. COSTITUZIONI APOSTOLICHE. -
Consualia
CONSUALIA: v. CONSO. -
Consubstantial (CONSOSTANZIALE)
It is the translation of the Greek term ὁμοούσιος (= of the same essence), which became the watchword of orthodoxy against Arianism (v.) at the time of the… -
Consuetudinaries (CONSUETUDINARI)
C. in general are those who have contracted a habit (consuetudo) in the most proper sense of habit, and for this reason they are also called "creatures of… -
Consuetudines
These are particular ordinances designed to regulate the uniformity of the sacred functions, made necessary, especially in large churches, as the rite… -
Consultationes Zacchae et Apollonii (CONSULTATIONES ZACCHAEI ET APOLLONII)
Title of an anonymous book which, in the form of a dispute between a Christian and the pagan philosopher Apollonius, contains a kind of summary (the text says… -
Consultatio Veteris Cuiusdam Iurisconsulti
It is a careful responsum, rendered in ante-Justinianean Roman law, by a jurist of the 5th century and relating to an inheritance division through a brother… -
Consultors of the Sacred Congregations (CONSULTORI DELLE SACRE CONGREGAZIONI)
Each Sacred Congregation, for the study of questions of greater importance, has a body of consultors: prelates, religious, and exceptionally also laymen, from… -
Consumption (CONSUMO)
I. GENERAL NOTION. - C. (actus consummandi) is the concluding act of the entire economic process, the end and object of all production, which consists in the… -
Consus (CONSO)
Ancient Roman god: his two festivals, called Consualia, on August 21 and December 15, are marked in the oldest Roman calendar. His cult was centered around a… -
Contant, Philippe de La Miette du (CONTANT, PHILIPPE DE LA MOLETTE DU)
Exegete, b. in the Dauphiné on 29 Aug. 1739, doctor of the Sorbonne and vicar general of Vienne, guillotined by the revolutionaries on 24 July 1794. Works… -
Contarelli, Matteo
Cardinal, b. in 1519 at Morannes (Maine-et-Loire). He studied at Bologna, where he met Ugo Boncompagni (later Pope Gregory XIII) who, having moved to Rome… -
Contarini, Antonio
Rhenish regular canon and tenth patriarch of Venice. A descendant of two noble Venetian families, his parents were Luigi and Orsola Barbo. He embraced the… -
Contarini, Gaspare
Cardinal, b. in Venice to Luigi, of the branch of the C. of S. Maria dell'Orto, on 16 Oct. 1483, d. in Bologna on 24 Aug. 1542; he studied at Padua, taking a… -
Contemplation (CONTEMPLAZIONE)
Etymologically it is the action of "gazing at length with great admiration and reflection." It can be either natural or supernatural. Natural c., that is, the… -
Contemplative Life (CONTEMPLATIVA, VITA)
A manner of life ordered to contemplation (v.), through the exclusion of external activities and concerns, not only sinful or dissipating ("worldly") ones but… -
Contenson, Guillaume-Vincent
Dominican theologian and preacher, b. at Auvillar (Tarn-et-Garonne) in 1641, d. at Creil (Oise) on 26 Dec. 1674. He entered the Dominicans at Toulouse (1636)… -
Contestation of the Suit (CONTESTAZIONE DELLA LITE)
The c. of the s., even in the canonical process, is one of the most salient moments of the trial, inasmuch as it is through it that the first adversarial… -
Conti, Antonio
Scholar of mathematics and philosophy, man of letters and poet. A Venetian patrician and abbot, born in Padua on 22 January 1677 and died there on 6 April… -
Conti, Augusto
Man of letters, historian, philosopher and politician, b. at S. Pietro alle Fonti, near S. Miniato al Tedesco, on 6 Dec. 1822, d. at Florence on 5 March 1905.… -
Conti (De Comitibus), Biagio
Italian theologian and philosopher, b. at Canzo in the Como area in 1636, d. at Prague on 4 April 1685. Having entered the Conventuals in Milan and completed… -
Continence (CONTINENZA)
Continentia from contineo (cum and teneo) in its first etymological sense means the very act of containing oneself within the limits that befit reason, without… -
Continents (CONTINENTES)
CONTINENTES (ABSTINENTES): V. ENCRATITI. -
Contingency (CONTINGENZA)
In its generic meaning, c. is the happening "both necessary and not necessary or possible" (Aristotle, Anal. Pr., I, 3, 25 a 37). In philosophical usage it… -
Contini, Giovanbattista
Architect, b. in Rome in 1641 and d. there in 1723. Rather than from his father Francesco, an architect of very limited abilities, he drew his training from… -
Continuous (CONTINUO)
The notion of the continuum is connected with that of extension, which is a primitive concept not susceptible of a true definition. Extended is that which… -
Conti, Sigismondo de
Born around 1440 in Foligno into a noble local family, died 18 February 1512. He studied at the University of Perugia; he held many offices, first in his own… -
Contius (Le Conte), Antonius
French jurist, b. at Moyon ca. 1526, d. at Bourges in 1577 (or 1586). Professor at Bourges and then at Orléans. He was particularly noted for his erudition. He… -
Contract (CONTRATTO)
By legal definition the contract is the agreement of two or more parties to constitute, regulate or dissolve between them a juridical relationship of a… -
Contractualism (CONTRATTUALISMO)
The doctrine that places the foundation of society and the State in a contract has very ancient origins, being already enunciated, in embryonic forms, by… -
Contradiction (CONTRADDIZIONE)
The relation of opposition existing between the affirmation and the denial of one and the same predicate in relation to one and the same subject, «simultanea… -
Contrition (CONTRIZIONE)
It is the principal act of the virtue of penance, by which the sinner, under the influence of God's grace, disposes himself for the remission of sin. SUMMARY… -
Contucci, Andrea
CONTUCCI, ANDREA: v. SANSOVINO, ANDREA. -
Contumacy (CONTUMACIA)
There is contumacy in a trial whenever one of the parties, contravening the obligation to appear, remains absent and therefore entirely inactive. As can be… -
Convalidation (CONVALIDAZIONE)
I. GENERAL NOTIONS. - It is a fact subsequent to a voidable juridical act, by which the latter loses that quality of its own, becoming perfect. For the… -
Convent (CONVENTO)
A designation often used, in a vulgar and improper sense, to mean generally a religious house (v. CASA RELIGIOSA). In a strict and specific sense it indicates… -
Convent in Lebanon, As-Suwaic (AS-SUVAIC, CONVENTO NEL LIBANO)
AS-SUVAIC, CONVENTO nel LIBANO: v. SUVAIR. -
Convention of September (CONVENZIONE DI SETTEMBRE)
An Italo-French diplomatic act signed in Paris on September 15, 1864, in order to find a settlement, even if only a temporary one, for the arduous Roman… -
Conventuals (CONVENTUALI)
CONVENTUALI: v. FRATI MINORI CONVENI-TUALI. -
Conversano, Diocese of (CONVERSANO, DIOCESI DI)
Suffragan of Bari, perhaps arisen on the site of ancient Norba; it was a Roman colony, then a municipium, then occupied first by the Byzantines and later by… -
Conversi
CONVERSI : v. RELIGIOSI. -
Conversion (CONVERSIONE)
A term derived from the Latin convertere (to turn, to turn back), which in theological language generally means the return of the erring soul to God, and… -
Convivium
A bimonthly journal of letters, philosophy and history founded in Turin in 1929 by Carlo Calcaterra, Paolo Ubaldi and Luigi Stefanini. Its particular aim is… -
Convocations (CONVOCAZIONI (CONVOCATIONS))
In the Anglican Church, the ecclesiastical assemblies of the Upper House (bishops) and of the Lower House (inferior clergy) are so called. With due… -
Convulsionaries of Saint Médard (CONVULSIONARI DI SAN MEDARDO)
A complex of paranormal events that occurred during the 18th century in Paris, in the small cemetery adjoining the church of Saint-Médard, at the tomb of the… -
Conwell, Henry
Second bishop of Philadelphia, b. at Moneymore, Londonderry, in 1745, d. there on 22 April 1842. A priest in 1776, parish priest of Dungannon and vicar general… -
Conza
It is the ancient Compsa, in the land of the Hirpini. Having passed from Roman to Gothic, Byzantine, and Lombard rule, in 1076 it became part of the Norman… -
Cook, Apostolic Vicariate of the Islands (COOK, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLE ISOLE)
The evangelization of the Cook Islands began in 1894 through the work of the Picpus Fathers, hindered by the Protestants, who had settled there since 1821. The… -
Cooperation (COOPERAZIONE)
I. COOPERATION IN EVIL OR SIN. 1. Notion and divisions. - Cooperation is etymologically linked to the Latin verb "cooperor" = simul operor and immediately… -
Cooperation and Cooperatives (COOPERAZIONE E COOPERATIVE)
COOPERAZIONE e COOPERATIVE: v. MUTUALITÀ. -
Copenhagen (COPENAGHEN (KØBENHAVN))
Etymologically "merchants' harbor," royal and governmental seat, capital city and seat of the Apostolic Vicar of Denmark (v.). It has 617,000 inhabitants and… -
Cope (Pluviale, Cappa, Mantus) (PIVIALE (PLUVIALE, CAPPA, MANTUS))
A liturgical mantle of semicircular shape, long enough to reach almost to the feet, open at the front and fastened at the chest by a clasp. At the back it is… -
Copernicus, Nicolaus (COPERNICO, NICCOLÒ)
Astronomer and canon, b. 19 February 1473 at Thorn (Toruń) in western Prussia, to Nicolaus and Barbara Watzelrode; d. at Frauenburg on 24 May 1543. After his… -
Coppée, François-Édouard-Joachim (COPPÉE, FRANÇOIS-EDOUARD-JOACHIM)
French poet, b. in Paris on 12 Jan. 1842, d. there on 23 Jan. > (from Album Nikolaja Kopernika, Varnicia 1873) > COPERNICUS, NICOLAUS - Portrait engraved in… -
Coppi, Antonio
Historian, b. 22 April 1783 in Andezeno (Turin), d. 26 February 1870 in Rome. He studied letters and philosophy at the College of Chieri. Eager to enter the… -
Coppo di Marcovaldo
Florentine painter. Taken prisoner by the Sienese during the battle of Montaperti (1260), he painted, to ransom himself from captivity, the Madonna del Bordone… -
Copts (COPTI)
The name C. derives from the Greek Αἰγύπτιοι, from which the Arabs made Qibt. CONTENTS: I. Religious history. - II. The literature of the Coptic Church - III.… -
Coquilhatville [Mbandaka], Apostolic Vicariate of (COQUILHATVILLE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
The name derives from Coquilhat, the name of the founder of the city of C. (Belgian Congo), currently the main center, which has about 25,000 inhabitants, of… -
Coral (CORALLO)
The working of coral for artistic uses was characteristic of the peoples of the Mediterranean basin from the most ancient times. Although there are not… -
Cor Arca Legem Continens
Hymn of Lauds for the feast of the Sacred Heart. The heart is the seat of love; Jesus shows us in his heart, pierced by the lance, the wounds of love, from… -
Corazzini, Sergio
Poet, b. in Rome on 6 Feb. 1886, d. there on 18 June 1907. The same friends who comforted him during his life, after his death edited the edition of the… -
Corban (CORBAN)
In Hebrew c., like its Akkadian counterpart qurbān, means "offering" or, according to the etymology, "presentation of a gift to God" (cf. Lev. 2:1, 4; 7:13… -
Corbie
Small town situated near the confluence of the Encre with the Somme, 15 km. from Amiens, in the department of the Somme, in Picardy (France). Clotaire III… -
Corbinian, Saint (CORBINIANO, SANTO)
Bishop, one of the evangelizers of Germany, b. at Châtres-Arpajon near Melun under the reign of Clotaire III, around 670. As a young man, he withdrew to a… -
Corblet, Jules
Priest, b. at Roy (Somme) on 16 June 1819, d. at Versailles on 29 Apr. 1886. In 1857 he founded the Revue de l'art chrétien, which he edited until 1871; among… -
Corboli-Bussi, Giovanni
Prelate and diplomat, b. at Urbino on 29 Sept. 1813, d. at Rome on 9 July 1850. He was the son of Curzio and of Costanza of the marquises Sommi of Cremona. He… -
Cordara, Giulio Cesare
Jesuit, b. at Alessandria in Piedmont on 16 Dec. 1704, d. there on 6 March 1785. Having devoted himself to literary studies, after a period of teaching in… -
Cordemoy, Géraud de
French philosopher and historian, b. in Paris ca. 1620, d. there, 8 Oct. 1684. In the work Discernement de l'âme et du corps (Paris 1666), drawing inspiration… -
Córdoba, Archdiocese of (CORDOBA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
City and archdiocese in the Argentine Republic on the Rio Primero. In 1700 the bishopric of Tucumán was transferred to C. The see remained vacant from 1819 to… -
Córdoba, Diocese of (CORDOVA, DIOCESI DI)
City, provincial capital and diocese of Spain in Andalusia; the Corduba of the Romans in Baetica (Hispania ulterior). Since this city was so flourishing in the… -
Cordoni, Bartolomeo da Città di Castello, Blessed (CORDONI, BARTOLOMEO DA CITTÀ DI CASTELLO, BEATO)
Observant Franciscan of the Umbrian province, b. in 1471 of a noble family, d. near Tunis in 1535, probably on 10 (or 9) August. He was a pupil of Poliziano in… -
Core (CORE)
The best known of the biblical figures of this name, the first of whom is a son of Esau (Gen. 36:5, 14), is a contemporary of Moses (Ex. 6:21, 24; 1 Chron.… -
Co-Redemptrix (CORREDENTRICE)
This is the technical term used by theologians to express Mary Most Holy's cooperation in the work of the redemption of the human race. SUMMARY: I. The term… -
Corelli, Arcangelo
Violinist and composer, b. at Fusignano on 17 Feb. 1653, d. at Rome on 8 Jan. 1713. In 1677 he was received, in Rome, into the house of Card. Pamphilj, as… -
Corelli, Maria
English writer, adoptive daughter of Ch. Mackay, b. at Bayswater in 1864, d. at Stratford-on-Avon in 1924. She wrote many works, among them: A Romance of two… -
Corenzio, Belisario
Painter of Greek origin, b. in Acaia in the province of Lecce around 1560 and d. after 1640. He seems to have studied with Tintoretto, whom he in fact imitates… -
Corepiscopus (COREPISCOPO)
The c., or country bishop (from χώρα = district, and ἐπίσκοπος = bishop), in ancient times governed in the East a rural ecclesiastical district, under the… -
Coresi
Romanian deacon, b. ca. 1525 and d. 1600, from an Italo-Greek family that came from Chios to Wallachia. He was the father of the religious and literary… -
Coression, Giorgio
Teologo greco dissidente, n. a Chios nel 1554 e m. verso il 1654. Frequentò le Università di Pisa e di Padova, esercitò la medicina a Livorno e, ritornato in… -
Corfinio (San Pelino)
On the Via Valeria in the territory of the Peligni. The passio Pelini or Peligni (BHL, 6620-21) was composed by a forger in the 11th century, who makes Pelinus… -
Corfu, Zante and Cephalonia, Diocese of (CORFÙ, ZANTE E CEFALONIA, DIOCESI DI)
According to tradition, the Gospel was preached by Jason, a disciple of the apostle Paul (Acts 17:5-9; Rom. 16:21), in Corfu, which was the seat of an ancient… -
Corgna, Ascanio della
He was a valiant captain and military architect, at the head of the pontifical militias under Julius III. Favorable to the imperial party and an adversary of… -
Corgna, Fulvio (Giulio) della
Cardinal, son of Francia and of Iacopa del Monte, sister of Julius III, and brother of Ascanio, he belonged to the Order of the Knights of Malta; he was… -
Coria, Diocese of (CORIA, DIOCESI DI)
City in Spain, suffragan of Toledo, situated on the eastern borders of Portugal. There is no information about the religious life of the diocese and its… -
Corinth (Kórinthos, Corinthus) (CORINTO (ΚΌΡΙΝΘΟΣ, CORINTHUS))
A city of the Peloponnese, capital of the Roman province of Achaea, famous not only for its wealth, splendor and corruption, but also for the apostolate… -
Corio
CORIO: v. KORIUM.