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1,649 articles · English index · Indice italiano

Sarsina, Diocese of (SARSINA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. X, p. 1145
SARSINA, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the province of Forlì; a suffragan of Ravenna, in Romagna. It has an area of 620 sq. km. and a population of 26,000…
Sarti, Emiliano Vol. X, p. 1146
SARTI, EMILIANO. - Scholar, b. in Rome in 1795, d. there in 1849. He was writer for the Hebrew language at the Vatican Library and professor at the Sapienza.…
Sartiges, Eugène de Vol. X, p. 1146
SARTIGES, EUGÈNE de. — Diplomat, born in Gannat on 18 January 1808, died in Paris on 3 October 1892. He began his diplomatic career in 1830 in Rome as an…
Sartorio, Giulio Aristide Vol. X, p. 1146
SARTORIO, GIULIO ARISTIDE. - Painter, b. in Roma on 11 Feb. 1860, d. there 3 Oct. 1932. A pupil of his father Raffaele, S. gained extensive experience in the…
Sarug (Heb. Šērāgh) (SARUG (EBR. ŠĒRĀGH)) Vol. X, p. 1146
SARUG (Hebr. Šērāgh). — A descendant of Shem, presented as the son of Reu and the father of Nachor; he would therefore have been the great-grandfather of…
Sarvia (Heb. Šērājah) (SARVIA (EBR. ŠĒRĀJĀH, « FERITA »?, « PROFUMATA CON STORACE »?)) Vol. X, p. 1146
SARVIA (Hebr. Šērājāh, “wounded”?, “perfumed with storax”?).—Sister, or rather half-sister (cf. II Sam. 16:9; 19:21), of David (v.), mentioned only as the…
Sarzana Vol. X, p. 1147
SARZANA: v. LUNI (LA SPEZIA), SARZANA E BRUGNATO, diocesi di.
Saskatoon, Diocese of (SASKATOON, DIOCESI DI) Vol. X, p. 1147
SASKATOON, DIOCESE of. - Diocese and city in the province of Saskatchewan in western Canada. The diocese has a population of 150,052 inhabitants, of whom…
Sassandra, Apostolic Vicariate of (SASSANDRA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. X, p. 1147
SASSANDRA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - It is situated in the south-western part of the Ivory Coast. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate on 9 Apr. 1940, with…
Sassanids (SASSANIDI) Vol. X, p. 1147
SASSANIDI. - The progenitor of the dynasty of Persia or Īrān is said to have been a certain Sassan, of whom nothing is known with certainty, whereas the true…
Sassari, Diocese of (SASSARI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. X, p. 1148
SASSARI, DIOCESE of. – It has a population of 149,000 inhabitants, all Catholics, distributed among 39 parishes served by 110 diocesan and 48 religious…
Sasserath, Rainer Vol. X, p. 1149
SASSERATH, RAINER. - Conventual Franciscan and moral theologian, b. at Holtzheim near Reuss on 20 Aug. 1696, d. at Cologne between 1771 and 1775. He entered…
Sassetta, Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, called Il (SASSETTA, STEFANO DI GIOVANNI DI CONSOLO, DETTO IL) Vol. X, p. 1149
SASSETTA, STEFANO di Giovanni di Consolo, detto il. — Sienese painter, born in 1392, died on 1 April 1450. His first documented work, executed between 1 July…
Sassi, Giuseppe Antonio Vol. X, p. 1150
SASSI, GIUSEPPE ANTONIO. — Born in Milan in 1672, died in May 1751. Having joined the Congregation of the Oblates, in 1703 he became one of the doctors of the…
Sassoferrato, Giovan Battista, Salvi detto il Vol. X, p. 1150
SASSOFERRATO, GIOVAN BATTISTA, called SALVI. – Painter, born at Sassoferrato in 1605, died in Rome in 1685. Very little is known of his life apart from the…
Sassovivo Vol. X, p. 1154
SASSOVIVO. – An ancient Benedictine abbey in the diocese of Foligno, from which it is 3 km distant. The monk Mainardo and the counts Ugolino and Gualterio…
Satan (Heb. Šāṭan) (SATANA (EBR. ŠĀTAN)) Vol. X, p. 1154
SATANA (Hebr. šātan). An invisible personal agent, the enemy of man, who leads him to perdition by turning him away from God. The term (from the verb šātan,…
Satanism (SATANISMO) Vol. X, p. 1159
SATANISMO. — The state of what is satanic, that is, subject to the action of Satan, or consecrated to the adversary of God, or pervaded by his spirit. The term…
Satis Cognitum Vol. X, p. 1164
«SATIS COGNITUM». - Encyclical of Leone XIII (30 June 1896) on the unity of the Church (Acta Leonis XIII, XVI, Rome 1897, pp. 157-210; partially in Denz-U,…
Satisfaction (In Ethnology) (SODDISFAZIONE (NELLA ETNOLOGIA)) Vol. XI, p. 532
SATISFACTION (IN ETHNOLOGY). — I. — Among primitive peoples, particularly among those ethnologically most ancient, there exists a moral ideal to which every…
Satolli, Francesco Vol. X, p. 1164
SATOLLI, FRANCESCO. — Cardinal, born at Marsciano, in the Archdiocese of Perugia, on 21 July 1839, died at Rome on 8 January 1910. He studied at the Seminary…
Satornilo (Saturninus) Vol. X, p. 1164
SATORNILO (Saturninus). — A Gnostic of Antioch, contemporary with Basilides. According to his doctrine, the world was created by seven angels (a transformation…
Satu Mare (SZATMAR SATU MARE) Vol. XI, p. 1013
SZATMAR SATU MARE : v. SATU MARE.
Satu Mare (Sathmar, Satu(L)-Mare, Hungary) (SATU MARE (SATHMAR, SATU(L)-MARE, UNGH) Vol. X, p. 1165
SATU MARE (SATHMAR, SATU(L)-MARE, Hung. SAZTMÁR), DIOCESE OF. — Also called Gran Varadino (Rom. Oradea Mare, Hung. Nagyvárad, Ger. Gross-Wardein). A Latin…
Saturn and the Saturnalia (SATURNO E SATURNALIA) Vol. X, p. 1166
SATURNO and SATURNALIA. — In the Roman literary tradition there is no doubt concerning the identity of the Roman god Saturnus and the Greek god Kronos: all the…
Saturninus (Sernin), Bishop of Toulouse (SATURNINO (SERNIN), VESCOVO DI TOLOSA) Vol. X, p. 1165
SATURNINO (SERNIN), bishop of TOLOSA, saint, martyr — Scene of the martyrdom, depicted on the reliquary of the Saint (13th century), Tolosa, Treasury of the…
Saturninus (Sernin), Bishop of Toulouse, Saint, Martyr (SATURNINO (SERNIN), VESCOVO DI TOLOSA, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. X, p. 1165
SATURNINO (SERNIN), bishop of TOLOSA, saint, martyr. — First bishop of Toulouse in the mid-3rd century. Feast: 29 November. According to the Historia passionis…
Saturninus, Dativus, Felix and Companions, Saints, Martyrs (SATURNINO, DATIVO, FELICE E COMPAGNI, SANTI, MARTIRI) Vol. X, p. 1166
SATURNINO, DATIVO, FELICE, and companions, saints, martyrs. - They are commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 11 February. Their entry derives from Usuardo,…
Saturninus, Saint, Martyr (SATURNINO, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. X, p. 1165
SATURNINO, saint, martyr. - He is commemorated in the Depositio martyrum on 29 Nov. as buried in the cemetery of Trasone on the Via Salaria nuova. The…
Satyrs and Sileni (Σάτυροι, Σάλοι) (SATIRI E SILENI (ΣΆΤΥΡΟΙ, ΣΆΛΥΟΙ),) Vol. X, p. 1163
SATYRS and SILENI (Σάτυροι, Σάλυοι), — Mythological figures of secondary importance, but among the most widespread in the art, literature, and popular beliefs…
Satyrus, Saint (SATIRO, SANTO,) Vol. X, p. 1163
SATYRUS, Saint - Brother of St. Ambrose, born around 334. He was a lawyer and provincial prefect. When Ambrose was elected bishop of Milan, he entrusted him…
Saul (Heb. Šāʾūl "Obtained with Prayer") (SAUL (EBR. ŠĀ'ŪL « OTTENUTO CON LA PREGHIERA »)) Vol. X, p. 1169
SAUL (Hebr. Šā'ūl “obtained through prayer”). — First king of Israel (ca. 1040–1000 B.C.). With his father Cis (Qīš), of the tribe of Benjamin, he lived in…
Sault Ste. Marie, Diocese of (SAULT STE-MARIE, DIOCESI DI) Vol. X, p. 1169
SAULT STE-MARIE, DIOCESI di - City and diocese in the province of Ontario, Canada. The diocese of S. S.-M., suffragan of Kingston, was erected on 16 Sept.…
Sauvé, Charles Vol. X, p. 1170
SAUVÉ, CHARLES. - Ascetical writer, b. 18 Oct. 1848 at Fontaine-Milon (diocese of Angers), d. at Saumur on 11 March 1925. In 1872 he was ordained a priest and…
Savannah-Atlanta, Diocese of (SAVANNAH-ATLANTA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. X, p. 1170
SAVANNAH-ATLANTA, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in the State of Georgia, United States of America. The diocese, which has a total population of 3,444,578…
Savelli, Domenico Vol. X, p. 1170
SAVELLI, DOMENICO. - Cardinal, born at Speloncato (Aiaccio) on 15 Sept. 1792, died at Rome on 30 Aug. 1864. He studied at the Seminary of Aiaccio, showing…
Savelli, Family (SAVELLI, FAMIGLIA) Vol. X, p. 1170
SAVELLI, FAMILY. - It appears in history with Aimerico, who was the father of CENCIO, papal chamberlain and cardinal of S. Lucia in Silice in 1192, later Pope…
Savelov, Ioachin (GIOACHINO SAVELOV) Vol. VI, p. 263
GIOACHINO SAVELOV. - Patriarch of Moscow (1672-90). In 1685 he annexed the metropolitan see of Kiev to the patriarchate of Moscow. In the same GIOBBE - Fresco…
Saverian, Saint, Martyr (SAVERIANO, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. X, p. 1171
SAVERIANO, saint, martyr: v. CORONATI, QUATTRO SANTI.
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von Vol. X, p. 1171
SAVIGNY, FRIEDRICH KARL von. – Jurist, born in Frankfurt am Main on 21 February 1779, died in Berlin on 25 October 1861. He studied at the University of…
Savings (RISPARMIO) Vol. X, p. 573
SAVING. — I. NOTION. — It is the positive difference between income and expenditure (in the case of a business, it is identified with profit). It arises and…
Savings Bank (CASSA DI RISPARMIO) Vol. III, p. 580
SAVINGS BANK. — It may still be defined, borrowing the words of De Gerando (v. bibl.), as a public deposit institution, to which anyone may entrust at will the…
Savino, Saint, Martyr (SAVINO, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. X, p. 1171
SAVINO, saint, martyr. - He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 30 Dec., but according to the Passio, corroborated by certain manuscripts of the…
Savio, Domenico, Blessed (SAVIO, DOMENICO, BEATO) Vol. X, p. 1172
SAVIO, DOMENICO, blessed. - A young member of the Salesian Oratory of Turin, b. at Riva di Chieri on 2 Apr. 1842, d. at Mondonio di Asti on 9 March 1857.…
Savio, Fedele Vol. X, p. 1172
SAVIO, FEDELE. - Jesuit, historian, b. at Saluzzo on Jan. 31, 1848, d. at Rome on Feb. 18, 1916. (courtesy of Msgr. A. P. Frutaz) SAVOIA, HOUSE OF - Great seal…
Savona and Noli, Diocese of (SAVONA E NOLI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. X, p. 1176
SAVONA AND NOLI, DIOCESE of. – Dioceses united aeque principaliter, in the Ligurian ecclesiastical province. They cover an area of 400 sq. km., with 130,978…
Savonarola, Girolamo Vol. X, p. 1177
SAVONAROLA, GIROLAMO. – Born in Ferrara on 21 September 1452, to Niccolò di Michele Savonarola and Elena Bonacossi, perhaps descended from the Bonacolsi, lords…
Savoy, House of (SAVOIA, CASA DI) Vol. X, p. 1172
SAVOIA, CASA di. — Appears in the history of western Italy at the beginning of the 11th century. Its first feudal domains were found in the Alpine valleys: on…
Saxo Grammaticus Vol. X, p. 1182
SAXO GRAMMATICUS. – Medieval Danish historiographer, born probably in the second half of the twelfth century. He followed Bishop Absalon, who urged him to…
Saxony (SASSONIA) Vol. X, p. 1150
SAXONY. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - An ancient State of Germany; although it has no natural boundaries, it may be said to be bounded by the Elster and Ore Mountains…
Say, Family (SAY, FAMIGLIA) Vol. X, p. 1182
SAY, FAMIGLIA. – French economists, the best known of whom, JEAN-BAPTISTE, was born in Lyon on 5 January 1767 and died in Paris on 15 November 1832. At the…
Sbaraglia (Sbaralea), Giovanni Giacinto Vol. X, p. 1183
SBARAGLIA (SBARALEA), GIOVANNI GIACINTO. - Historian and bibliographer of the Conventual Franciscans, born in S. Niccolò della Rotta (Forlì) on March 13, 1687,…
Sbeitla Vol. X, p. 1183
SBEITLA. – Sufetula in Byzacena, today S. in Tunisia, was a notable Roman city, attested from the time of Vespasian onward (CIL, VIII, no. 23216); later…
Sbiba Vol. X, p. 1184
SBIBA. – Not far from Sufetula, the Sufes Colonia or Sufibus of Antoninus’ Itinerary, whose bishops are known: Privatus, who was at Carthage in 256; Maximinus,…
Scaglia, Sisto Vol. XI, p. 28
SCAGLIA, SISTO. - Reformed Cistercian of La Trappe and Christian archaeologist, b. at Anzola d'Ossola (Novara) on 14 Dec. 1872, d. at Rome on 19 Sept. 1918.…
Scala Vol. XI, p. 28
SCALA. — Town and ancient diocese in the province of Salerno. The diocese was established by Pope Giovanni XV in 987 as a suffragan of Amalfi. Its first bishop…
Scalabrini, Giovanni Battista Vol. XI, p. 28
SCALABRINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – Bishop of Piacenza, founder of the Missionaries of S. Carlo (Scalabrinians) and of the Society of S. Raffaele, born at Fino…
Scalabrini, Giuseppe Antenore Vol. XI, p. 28
SCALABRINI, GIUSEPPE ANTENORE. - Priest, b. at Ferrara on 13 March 1698, d. there on 5 Apr. 1777. Ordained priest in 1724, he was appointed parish priest of S.…
Scalco Segreto di Sua Santità Vol. XI, p. 29
SCALCO SEGRETO DI SUA SANTITÀ: V. FAMIGLIA PONTIFICIA.
Scaliger, Giulio Cesare (SCALIGERO, GIULIO CESARE) Vol. XI, p. 29
SCALIGERO, GIULIO CESARE. – Philologist, philosopher, and scientist, born at Riva del Garda on 23 April 1484 to the cartographer Benedetto Bordoni, died at…
Scaliger, Giuseppe Giusto (SCALIGERO, GIUSEPPE GIUSTO) Vol. XI, p. 29
GIUSEPPE GIUSTO SCALIGERO. — Philologist, born at Agen on 4 Aug. 1540, died at Leiden on 21 Jan. 1609. Son of the celebrated Giulio Cesare, he adhered to…
Scammacca, Obtensio Vol. XI, p. 31
SCAMMACCA, OBTENSIO. – Jesuit, dramatist, born at Lentini in 1562, died at Palermo on 16 February 1648. After studying jurisprudence at Catania and Messina, he…
Scamozzi, Vincenzo Vol. XI, p. 31
SCAMOZZI, VINCENZO. — Architect and theorist, born in Vicenza in 1552, died in Venice on 7 August 1616. He perfected the instruction received from his father,…
Scanaroli, Giovanni Battista Vol. XI, p. 31
SCANAROLI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - An ecclesiastic distinguished for works of charity, born in Modena in 1579, died in Rome on 10 Sept. 1664. He attended the…
Scandal (SCANDALO) Vol. XI, p. 32
SCANDALO. – Here it signifies everything that may constitute a difficulty in the practice of good or serve as a direct incentive to sin, that is, to moral…
Scapigliatura Vol. XI, p. 34
SCAPIGLIATURA. – Italian literary movement whose center was in Milan between 1860 and 1870. It arose as a reaction against the languors and sentimental…
Scapular (SCAPOLARE) Vol. XI, p. 34
SCAPOLARE. — From the Latin scapula = shoulder. An integral part of monastic religious dress, worn over the tunic, consisting of two long strips of cloth…
Scaramelli, Giovanni Battista Vol. XI, p. 34
SCARAMELLI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – An ascetic-mystical theologian and Jesuit, born in Rome on 23 November 1687 and died at Macerata on 11 January 1752. At the…
Scarampi (Scarampa), Pier Francesco Vol. XI, p. 35
SCARAMPI (SCARAMPA), PIER FRANCESCO. - Oratorian, b. in 1596 in Monferrato, d. in Rome on (from U. Prota Giurleo, A. S., Naples 1956, frontispiece) SCARLATTI -…
Scarampi Mezzarota, Ludovico Vol. XI, p. 35
SCARAMPI MEZZAROTA, LUDOVICO: v. TREVISAN, LODOVICO.
Scarboro Foreign Mission Society (SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI SCARBORO) Vol. XI, p. 524
SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI SCARBORO. – It originated in 1918 in the diocese of Ottawa (U. S. A.) through the work of the missionary Giovanni Maria…
Scardination (SCARDINAZIONE) Vol. XI, p. 35
SCARDINAZIONE: v. INCARDINAZIONE.
Scarlatti Vol. XI, p. 35
SCARLATTI. — A family of musicians who came to Rome from Sicily (although probably of Tuscan origin), which produced no fewer than 9 musicians; only the works…
Scarpagnino, Abbondi, Antonio detto lo Vol. XI, p. 36
SCARPAGNINO, ABBONDI, ANTONIO detto lo. – Architect and stonemason, b. in Milan and d. in Venice at a very advanced age in 1549. The first documents concerning…
Scarsellino, Ippolito Scarsella detto lo (SCARSELLINO, IPPOLITO SCARSELLA, DETTO LO) Vol. XI, p. 36
SCARSELLINO, IPPOLITO SCARSELLA, detto lo. – Painter, b. in Ferrara in 1551 and d. there on 27 October 1620. He was instructed in art by his father Sigismondo,…
Scavini, Pietro Vol. XI, p. 36
SCAVINI, PIETRO. - Moral theologian, born at Intra on 22 Oct. 1791, died at Novara on 17 Nov. 1869. While still a young priest he held the office of vicar…
Scenography (SCENOGRAFIA) Vol. XI, p. 36
SCENOGRAPHY. — Properly speaking, it is the art of painting scenes for theatrical performances; but since it is evident that the unity of a spectacle requires…
Scepusio (Lat. Scepusium, Slov. Špif), Diocese of (SCEPUSIO (LAT. SCEPUSIUM, SLOV. SPIF), DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 38
SCEPUSIO (lat. Scepusium, slov. Spif), DIOCESE of. — In Czechoslovakia. Residence in Spišská Kapitula. Statistics (1949): area 6,568 sq. km, inhabitants…
Scepusio, Diocese of (SCEPUSIO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 38
SCEPUSIO, DIOCESI di – Cathedral of S. Martino, standing in the center of Spišská Kapitula (13th–14th centuries). At the rear, the castle of S. (13th century).…
Scerbo, Francesco Vol. XI, p. 38
SCERBO, FRANCESCO. – Hebraist, born at Marcellinara (Catanzaro) in 1849, died at Florence in 1927. He entered the Seminary of Nicastro at the age of fourteen;…
Scete (Skete, Sketi, Σκήτη, Σκήτις [Σκήτειος], Σκιαβίς) Vol. XI, p. 38
SCETE (SKETE, SKETI, Σκήτη, Σκήτις [Σκήτειος], Σκιαβίς). — The harshest solitude of the ancient anchorites of Egypt, to the west of the Nitrian desert. It…
Schaefer, Thimotheus Vol. XI, p. 41
SCHAEFER, THIMOTHEUS. - Capuchin canonist, b. at Hechingen (Hohenzollern) on 14 Sept. 1877, d. at Rome on 29 Nov. 1948. Having graduated at Rome in utroque…
Schaepman, Hermannus Johannes Aloysius Maria Vol. XI, p. 41
SCHAEPMAN, HERMANNUS JOHANNES ALOYSIUS MARIA. - Statesman of the Netherlands, b. at Tubbergen (prov. of Overijssel) on 2 March 1844, d. at Rome on 21 Jan. 1903…
Schall von Bell, Johann Adam Vol. XI, p. 42
SCHALL VON BELL, JOHANN ADAM. — Jesuit, missionary in China and astronomer, born in Cologne on 1 May 1592, died in Beijing on 15 August 1666. He entered the…
Schanz, Paul Vol. XI, p. 42
SCHANZ, PAUL. - Theologian and apologist, b. at Horb (Württemberg) on 4 March 1841, d. at Tübingen on 1 June 1905. He studied philosophy and theology at the…
Scheeben, Mathias Joseph Vol. XI, p. 43
SCHEEBEN, MATHIAS JOSEPH. – Theologian, born at Mackenheim (near Bonn) on 1 March 1835, died at Cologne on 21 July 1888. He earned degrees in philosophy and…
Scheffler, Giovanni Vol. XI, p. 43
SCHEFFLER, GIOVANNI: v. ANGELO SILESIO.
Schegg, Peter Johann Vol. XI, p. 43
SCHEGG, PETER JOHANN. – Catholic exegete, born on 6 June 1815 at Kaufbeuren in the Allgäu (Bavaria), died in Munich on 9 July 1885. Ordained a priest in 1838…
Scheide, Papiri di Vol. XI, p. 44
SCHEIDE, PAPYRI by. – The Greek papyri that the American John H. S. deposited at Princeton University consist of 21 sheets, that is, 42 pages, complete except…
Scheil, Vincent (secular name Jean) (SCHEIL, VINCENT (AL SECOLO JEAN)) Vol. XI, p. 44
SCHEIL, VINCENT (in the world JEAN). — Eminent Dominican Assyriologist, born at Königsmachern (Lorraine) on 10 June 1858, died in Paris on 21 September 1940.…
Scheler, Max Vol. XI, p. 44
SCHELER, MAX. – Philosopher, born in Munich on 22 August 1875, died in Frankfurt am Main on 19 May 1928. He first taught as a Privatdozent in Jena and Munich,…
Schell, Hermann Vol. XI, p. 45
SCHELL, HERMANN.—Catholic theologian and apologist, b. 28 February 1850 in Fribourg (Baden), d. 31 May 1906 in Würzburg. He studied theology in Fribourg and…
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Vol. XI, p. 46
SCHELLING, FRIEDRICH WILHELM JOSEPH. – Philosopher, born in Leonberg (Württemberg) on 21 January 1775, died in Ragaz (Switzerland) on 20 August 1854. After…
Schenk, Eduard von Vol. XI, p. 48
SCHENK, EDUARD von. – Bavarian statesman, born 10 October 1788 in Düsseldorf, died 26 April 1841 in Munich. He studied at the University of Landshut and, under…
Scheppers, Cornelius Victor (SCHEPPERS, CORNELIUS VIKTOR) Vol. XI, p. 48
SCHEPPERS, CORNELIUS VIKTOR. - Founder of the Brothers and Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy, b. at Malines on 25 Apr. 1802, d. there on 7 March 1877. Ordained…
Scherer, Maria Theresia Vol. XI, p. 48
SCHERER, MARIA THERESIA. - In the world Caterina S., co-foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Holy Cross of Ingenbohl, b. at Meggen (Lucerne) on 30 Oct.…
Scherer, Rudolf Ritter von Vol. XI, p. 48
SCHERER, RUDOLF RITTER von. - Canonist, born at Graz on 11 Aug. 1845, died at Vienna on 21 Dec. 1918. He studied law and, for two years, theology at Graz; in…
Scherer-Boccard, Theodor Vol. XI, p. 49
SCHERER-BOCCARD, THEODOR. – Swiss publisher and politician, born on 12 May 1816 at Donach (Solothurn), died on 6 February 1885 at Solothurn. He directed…
Schervier, Franziska Vol. XI, p. 49
SCHERVIER, FRANZISKA. - Foundress of the Poor Sisters of St. Francis, b. at Aachen on 3 Jan. 1819, d. there on 14 Dec. 1876. Of a highly distinguished family,…
Schiaffino, Placido Maria Vol. XI, p. 49
SCHIAFFINO, PLACIDO MARIA. — Cardinal, born in Genoa on 5 September 1829, died at Subiaco on 23 September 1889. In 1846 he entered the Benedictine Congregation…
Schiaparelli, Ernesto Vol. XI, p. 49
SCHIAPARELLI, ERNESTO. - Egyptologist, b. at Occhieppo Inferiore (Biella) on 12 July 1856, d. at Torino on 17 Feb. 1928. His first work, Del sentimento…
Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio Vol. XI, p. 49
SCHIAPARELLI, GIOVANNI VIRGINIO. - Astronomer, b. at Savigliano (province of Cuneo) on 14 March 1835, d. at Milano on 4 July 1910. At Savigliano he received…
Schiaparelli, Luigi Vol. XI, p. 49
SCHIAPARELLI, LUIGI. — Distinguished scholar of diplomatic and palaeographic disciplines, b. at Cerrione (Biella) on 2 August 1871, d. at Florence on 26…
Schiappoli, Domenico Vol. XI, p. 50
SCHIAPPOLI, DOMENICO. – Jurist, born at S. Biase (Campobasso) on 26 November 1870, died at Naples on 12 May 1945. Lecturer in ecclesiastical law in 1894 at the…
Schiavitù Vol. XI, p. 50
SLAVERY. - From the Old German slav, a term applied by the Germans to Slavic peoples taken prisoner by them, and it may be defined as the state of a person who…
Schiavone, Andrea Meldolla detto Io (SCHIAVONE, ANDREA MELDOLLA, DETTO IO) Vol. XI, p. 55
SCHIAVONE, ANDREA MELDOLLA, called Io. – Painter and engraver, born in Zara in the early sixteenth century, died in Venice in 1563. The date of his birth is…
Schierophoria (Σειροφορία) (SCHIROFORIE (ΣΕΙΡΟΦΌΡΙΑ)) Vol. XI, p. 58
SCHIROFORIE (Σειροφόρια). — An ancient Athenian festival in honor of Athena Skiras (to whom Demeter and Kore were associated), held to obtain from the goddess…
Schiffini, Santo Vol. XI, p. 56
SCHIFFINI, SANTO. — Jesuit, Scholastic philosopher and theologian, b. at S. Domenica (province of Cosenza) on 20 July 1841, d. at Chieri (province of Turin) on…
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott Vol. XI, p. 56
SCHILLER, FERDINAND CANNING SCOTT. – Philosopher, born 16 August 1864 in Altona (Germany), died 7 August 1937 in Los Angeles. He taught philosophy at Oxford…
Schiller, Friedrich Vol. XI, p. 56
SCHILLER, FRIEDRICH. — German lyric poet and dramatist, born in Marbach, Württemberg, on 10 November 1759, died in Weimar on 9 May 1805. His father served for…
Schilling, Carl Halfdan Vol. XI, p. 57
SCHILLING, CARL HALFDAN. - Barnabite, Servant of God, b. at Cristiania on 9 June 1835, d. at Mouscron (Belgium) on 2 Jan. 1907. Converted from Lutheranism…
Schindler, Franz Martin Vol. XI, p. 57
SCHINDLER, FRANZ MARTIN. - Austrian sociologist, born at Motzdorf in Bohemia on 25 Jan. 1847, died at Vienna on 27 Oct. 1922. Ordained a priest in 1869, he was…
Schirò, Giuseppe Vol. XI, p. 58
SCHIRÒ, GIUSEPPE. – Sicilian-Albanian writer and poet, b. at Piana dei Greci on 10 Aug. 1865 and d. at Naples on 17 Feb. 1927. From his earliest childhood he…
Schism (SCISMA) Vol. XI, p. 88
SCHISM. – Originally, s. (σκίωμα) means a tear or cleft, and hence divergence of opinion or dissent; in particular, a division separating the members of the…
Schizophrenia (SCHIZOFRENIA) Vol. XI, p. 58
SCHIZOPHRENIA. – Under the term “dementia praecox,” Kraepelin (1893) grouped the forms of the so-called “catatonia” of Kahlbaum, Hecker’s “hebephrenia,” and…
Schlatter, Adolf Vol. XI, p. 62
SCHLATTER, ADOLF. – Protestant theologian, among the most influential in recent times, characteristic for his manner of reconciling criticism with faith, b. 16…
Schlegel, August Wilhelm von Vol. XI, p. 62
SCHLEGEL, AUGUST WILHELM VON. – German critic, philologist, and poet, b. in Hannover on 5 November 1767, d. in Bonn on 12 May 1845. He first studied theology…
Schlegel, Friedrich von Vol. XI, p. 63
SCHLEGEL, FRIEDRICH von. — Philosopher, born in Hanover on 10 March 1772, died in Dresden on 12 January 1829. He studied philosophy at the Universities of…
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst Daniel Vol. XI, p. 63
SCHLEIERMACHER, FRIEDRICH ERNST DANIEL. — He is the leading figure of German Romantic theology and the most illustrious representative of the break between…
Schleswig-Holstein Vol. XI, p. 64
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. — Former duchy, ceded by Emperor Conrad II to Denmark in 1035 and governed, with the title of dukes, by members of the Danish royal house;…
Schlitpacher, Johann (Giovanni di Weilheim) Vol. XI, p. 64
SCHLITPACHER, JOHANN (GIOVANNI di WEILHEIM). — Benedictine monastic reformer and humanist, born in 1403 at Schongau (Swabia), died in an epidemic on 24 October…
Schlögl, Nivard Vol. XI, p. 65
SCHLÖGL, NIVARD. — In the world Johannes; an exegete of great gifts and great defects, born on 4 June 1864 in Gaaden (near Mödling, Lower Austria), died in…
Schmalzgrueber, Franz Vol. XI, p. 65
SCHMALZGRUEBER, FRANZ. – Canonist, born at Griesbach (Upper Bavaria) on 9 October 1663, died at Dillingen on 7 November 1735. He entered the Society of Jesus…
Schmalzl, Maximilian Vol. XI, p. 65
SCHMALZL, MAXIMILIAN. - Painter, lay brother of the Redemptorists, b. at Falkenstein (Bavaria), 7 July 1850; d. in the convent of Gars (Bavaria), 7 Jan. 1930.…
Schmid, Alois von Vol. XI, p. 66
SCHMID, ALOIS von. - Philosopher and theologian, b. 22 Dec. 1825 at Zaumberg bei Immenstadt (Bavaria), d. 16 March 1910 at Munich. Having completed his studies…
Schmid, Christoph von Vol. XI, p. 66
SCHMID, CHRISTOPH von. – Educationalist, born 15 August 1768 in Dinkelsbühl, died 3 September 1854 in Augusta. Sailer’s favorite pupil at Dillingen, he was…
Schmid, Franz Vol. XI, p. 66
SCHMID, FRANZ. - Theologian, b. at Trento in 1841, d. at Bressanone in 1922. A student of the Collegio Germanico, he was spiritual director of the major…
Schmidlin, Joseph Vol. XI, p. 66
SCHMIDLIN, JOSEPH. — Missionologist, born at Kleinlandau (Alsace) on 29 March 1876, died in the Schirmeck concentration camp in 1943. Ordained a priest in…
Schmidt, Anton Maria Vol. XI, p. 66
SCHMIDT, ANTON MARIA. – Swiss politician and general of the Canton of Uri, born 9 November 1792, died in 1880. After participating in 1823, with the rank of…
Schmitz, Hermann Joseph Vol. XI, p. 67
SCHMITZ, HERMANN JOSEPH. - Auxiliary bishop of Cologne, canonist, promoter of the social movement, b. at Cologne on 16 May 1841, d. there on 21 Aug. 1899.…
Schmöger, Carl Vol. XI, p. 67
SCHMÖGER, CARL. - Redemptorist writer, b. at Ehingen (Württemberg) on 24 Feb. 1819, d. at Gars on 14 Aug. 1883. Ordained priest in 1842, he entered the…
Schneemann, Gerard Vol. XI, p. 67
SCHNEEMANN, GERARD. – Jesuit, writer, born at Wesel (Lower Rhine) on 12 February 1829, died at Kerkrade (Dutch Limburg) on 20 November 1885. Having completed…
Schneider, Emilie Vol. XI, p. 67
SCHNEIDER, EMILIE. – Of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Holy Cross, in the world Giulia, born at Haaren (near Aquisgrana) on 6 September 1820, died at…
Schneider, Giovanni Vol. XI, p. 67
SCHNEIDER, GIOVANNI: V. AGRICOLA, GIOVANNI.
Schneider, Joseph Vol. XI, p. 67
SCHNEIDER, JOSEPH. - Ascetical writer, b. 5 Sept. 1824 at Friesheim (Germany), d. at Rome on 7 Jan. 1884. In 1852 he entered the Society of Jesus and devoted…
Schola Cantorum Vol. XI, p. 68
SCHOLA CANTORUM. — This term denotes a rectangular enclosure, often raised one or two steps above the remaining floor, situated in ancient basilicas in the…
Scholastica, Saint (SCOLASTICA, SANTA) Vol. XI, p. 101
SCOLASTICA, santa. — Sister of s. Benedetto (v.), born at Norcia around 480, died near Cassino on 10 February 547 (previously thought to be 543), according to…
Scholasticism (SCHOLASTIK) Vol. XI, p. 68
SCHOLASTIK. - Quarterly periodical of philosophy and theology, founded in 1926 by the Jesuit professors of the Collegio S. Ignazio at Valkenburg (Holland).…
Scholasticism (SCOLASTICA) Vol. XI, p. 91
SCHOLASTICISM. - In its broadest sense, it denotes "medieval philosophy," and, in a more precise meaning, that doctrinal movement which proposes a systematic…
Scholliner, Hermann Vol. XI, p. 68
SCHOLLINER, HERMANN. – Benedictine theologian, born in Freising on 15 January 1722, died at Welchenberg on 16 July 1795. He became a monk at Oberaltaich…
Schongauer, Martin Vol. XI, p. 68
SCHONGAUER, MARTIN. – Painter and engraver, born in Augsburg or Colmar in Alsace between 1435 and 1443, died at Breisach in 1491. In 1465 he was in Leipzig in…
School (SCUOLA) Vol. XI, p. 126
SCHOOL. - An institution born from the impossibility in which families find themselves to provide, on their own, that degree of instruction and culture…
School in Mission Territory (SCUOLA IN TERRITORIO DI MISSIONE) Vol. XI, p. 135
SCHOOL IN MISSION TERRITORY. — The school question assumed greater importance during the modern period of the missions, but certainly not the importance it…
School, Freedom of (SCUOLA, LIBERTÀ DELLA) Vol. XI, p. 136
SCUOLA, LIBERTÀ della. – It is a natural consequence of freedom of teaching (v. INSEGNAMENTO, LIBERTÀ d') and concerns the organization of schools in the hands…
Schopenhauer, Arthur Vol. XI, p. 69
SCHOPENHAUER, ARTHUR. – Philosopher, born in Danzig on 22 February 1788, died in Frankfurt am M. on 21 September 1860. Educated in France and England, he spent…
Schorlemer-Alst, Burghard von Vol. XI, p. 71
SCHORLEMER-ALST, BURGHARD von. — German politician, born on 20 October 1825 at Herringhausen near Lippstadt, died on 17 March 1895 at Alst (district of…
Schouvaloff, Agostino Maria Vol. XI, p. 71
SCHOUVALOFF, AGOSTINO MARIA – Barnabite, in the world Gregorio Petrovich, born in Petersburg on 25 October 1804 to Count Pietro and Princess Sofia Cherbatoff,…
Schrader, Klemens Vol. XI, p. 71
SCHRADER, KLEMENS - Jesuit, theologian, born at Itzum (Hanover) on Nov. 20, 1820, died at Poitiers on Feb. 23, 1875. Having completed his studies at the…
Schram(m), Dominikus Vol. XI, p. 72
SCHRAM(M), DOMINIKUS. - Benedictine theologian, born at Bamberga on 24 Oct. 1722, died at Banz on 21 Sept. 1797. He made his profession (1743) in the abbey of…
Schreiber, Christian Vol. XI, p. 72
SCHREIBER, CHRISTIAN. - Bishop and theologian, b. 3 Aug. 1872 at Somborn, d. 1 Sept. 1933 at Berlin. Having completed his studies in Rome (1892–99), he taught…
Schrijvers, Joseph Vol. XI, p. 72
SCHRIJVERS, JOSEPH. - Spiritual writer, b. at Zutendaal (Belgium) on 19 Dec. 1876, he professed among the Redemptorists in 1895, d. at Rome on 4 March 1945. He…
Schröder, Alfred Vol. XI, p. 72
SCHRÖDER, ALFRED. - Ecclesiastical historian, born 4 Feb. 1865 at Passavia, died 16 March 1935 at Dillingen. Ordained priest in 1887 and having obtained his…
Schubert, Franz Vol. XI, p. 72
SCHUBERT, FRANZ. - Musician, b. 31 Jan. 1797 in Vienna, d. there 19 Nov. 1828. Having completed his first studies with his father, his brother, and M. Holze,…
Schulte, Johann Friedrich von (SCHULTE, JOHANN FRIBDRICH VON) Vol. XI, p. 73
SCHULTE, JOHANN FRIBDRICH von. — Canonist and legal historian, born on 23 April 1827 at Winterberg (Westphalia), died at Merano on 19 December 1914. Having…
Schultes, Reginald Vol. XI, p. 73
SCHULTES, REGINALD. – Dominican theologian, born at Peterzell (canton of S. Gallo, Switzerland) on 11 February 1873, died in Rome on 20 February 1928. From…
Schultze, Gottlob Ernst Vol. XI, p. 73
SCHULTZE, GOTTLOB ERNST. – Known by the name of Aenesidemus, German philosopher, born at Heldrungen (Turingia) on 30 August 1761, died at Gottinga on 14…
Schumann, Robert Vol. XI, p. 73
SCHUMANN, ROBERT. - Musician, b. at Zwickau on 8 June 1810, d. at Endenich on 29 July 1856. Having begun musical studies in his youth, he added SCHUBERT, FRANZ…
Schupfer, Francesco Vol. XI, p. 74
SCHUPFER, FRANCESCO. - Historian of law, b. at Chioggia on 5 Jan. 1833, d. at Rome on 8 Aug. 1925. Directed towards legal studies by the milieu of Vienna,…
Schwalm, Benoît Vol. XI, p. 74
SCHWALM, BENOÎT. - Dominican theologian and philosopher, born in Nancy on Oct. 15, 1860, died at Pass-Prest (St. Paul du Var) on Nov. 17, 1908. He became a…
Schwane, Joseph Vol. XI, p. 74
SCHWANE, JOSEPH. - Theologian, b. at Dorsten in Westphalia on 2 April 1824, d. at Münster on 6 June 1891. Ordained priest in 1849, he became a privatdozent in…
Schwartz, Eduard Vol. XI, p. 74
SCHWARTZ, EDUARD. - Protestant, scholar of ecclesiastical history and philologist, b. at Kiel on 22 Aug. 1858, d. at Munich in Bavaria on 13 Feb. 1940. He was…
Schwarz, Wilhelm Vol. XI, p. 75
SCHWARZ, WILHELM. – Publicist, born 20 April 1852 in Nordkirchen (Westphalia), died 20 December 1923 in Münster. Ordained a priest in 1878, he resided in Rome…
Schwarzenberg, Family (SCHWARZENBERG, FAMIGLIA) Vol. XI, p. 75
SCHWARZENBERG, FAMIGLIA. — Noble family originating in Franconia, from the same stock as the counts of Seinsheim. In the sixteenth century ADAM (1584–1641)…
Schwetz, Johann Baptist Vol. XI, p. 75
SCHWETZ, JOHANN BAPTIST. – Theologian, born in Bosan in Moravia in 1803, died in Vienna in 1890. He taught dogmatic theology at Olmütz and at the University of…
Schynse, August Wilhelm Vol. XI, p. 75
SCHYNSE, AUGUST WILHELM. – Missionary, born on 21 June 1857 at Wallhausen near Kreuznach; ordained a priest in 1880, he was the first German to join the White…
Schäzler, Konstantin von (SCHÄZLER, KOSTANTIN VON) Vol. XI, p. 43
SCHÄZLER, KOSTANTIN von. — Neo-Thomist theologian, born in Augsburg on 7 May 1827, died at Interlaken on 19 September 1880. Of a noble Protestant family, he…
Schöffler, Agostino Vol. XI, p. 68
SCHÖFFLER, AGOSTINO. – Born on 22 November 1822 at Mittelbronn (Lorraine), died on 1 May 1851 near Son-Tay. In 1842 he entered the Major Seminary of Nancy, and…
Schöffler, Pietro (SCHÖFFER, PIETRO) Vol. XI, p. 68
SCHÖFFER, PIETRO: v. GUTENBERG.
Schönberg (Schomberg, Scomber), Nikolaus von Vol. XI, p. 68
SCHÖNBERG (SCHOMBERG, SCOMBER), NIKOLAUS von. - Dominican cardinal, b. at Meissen on 11 Aug. 1472, d. at Rome between 7 and 10 Aug. 1537. He was prior at…
Schönstatt, Apostolic Movement of (SCHÖNSTATT, MOVIMENTO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. XI, p. 69
SCHÖNSTATT, APOSTOLIC MOVEMENT of. - It arose at the shrine of « Mater Ter Admirabilis » at S., in the diocese of Trier, through the work of Giuseppe…
Schöpfer, Afmilian Vol. XI, p. 70
SCHÖPFER, AFMILIAN. — Tyrolean politician and sociologist, b. 29 April 1858 in Bressanone, d. 24 March 1936 in Innsbruck. Ordained a priest in 1880, from 1887…
Schürer, Emil Johann Vol. XI, p. 74
SCHÜRER, EMIL JOHANN. – Protestant historian, critic, and theologian of the school of Abricht Ritschl (v.), born in Augsburg on 2 May 1844, died in Göttingen…
Scialoja, Vittorio Vol. XI, p. 75
SCIALOJA, VITTORIO. – Jurist, born in Turin on 24 April 1856, died in Rome on 19 November 1933. Having graduated from the University of Rome in 1877, after a…
Science (SCIENZA) Vol. XI, p. 79
SCIENCE. – By the term s. (Lat. scientia = knowledge, Gk. ἐπιστήμη) has always been understood a form of knowledge (v.) different from and more perfect than…
Science of Jesus Christ (SCIENZA DI GESÙ CRISTO) Vol. XI, p. 84
SCIENZA DI GESÙ CRISTO: V. PSICOLOGIA DI GESÙ CRISTO.
Science of Nutrition (SCIENZA DELL'ALIMENTAZIONE) Vol. XI, p. 83
NUTRITION SCIENCE. — It is the study of the nutritional needs of humans and, in a broader sense, also of animals and plants, and of the ways in which they may…
Scientism (SCIENTISMO) Vol. XI, p. 79
SCIENTISM. — This is the conception according to which science (v.), as a type of knowledge distinguished from philosophy (v.) as well as from religious faith,…
Scillitan Martyrs, Saints (SCILLITANI, SANTI, MARTIRI) Vol. XI, p. 86
SCILLITANI, saints, martyrs. - They are commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology and in the Calendar of Carthage on 17 July. They are considered the…
Scitopoli Vol. XI, p. 91
SCITOPOLI: v. BETHSAN.
Scitopolis, John of (GIOVANNI DI SCITOPOLI) Vol. VI, p. 378
GIOVANNI di SCITOPOLI. — Bishop of the sixth century. The first commentator on the pseudo-Areopagite works. Around 530 he wrote against Severus of Antioch and…
Scitti Vol. XI, p. 86
SCITTI: v. ISLÀM.
Sciò, Filippo (SCIO, FILIPPO) Vol. XI, p. 86
SCIO, FILIPPO. - Piarist bishop and theologian, b. at La Granja (Spain) on 28 Sept. 1738, d. at Valencia on 9 Apr. 1796. Having completed his studies in Rome,…
Sclopis di Salerano, Paolo Federico Vol. XI, p. 91
SCLOPIS di SALERANO, PAOLO FEDERICO. – Italian statesman and jurist, born on 10 January 1798 in Turin, died there on 8 March 1878. After obtaining a degree in…
Scolopi Vol. XI, p. 101
SCOLOPI: V. CHIERICI REGOLARI; POVERI DELLA MADRE DI DIO DELLE SCUOLE PIE.
Scolopiae Figlie of Mary (SCOLOPIE FIGLIE DI MARIA) Vol. XI, p. 101
SCOLOPIE FIGLIE DI MARIA. – Founded at Figueras (diocese of Gerona, Spain) in 1829 by Paola Montalt. The Congregation arose under the patronage of s. Giuseppe…
Scongiuro Vol. XI, p. 104
SCONGIURO. – In the broad sense, this means the interposition of any higher moral authority, in order to move a person to perform or omit a given action. Thus…
Scopelli, Giovanna, Blessed (SCOPELLI, GIOVANNA, BEATA) Vol. XI, p. 105
SCOPELLI, GIOVANNA, blessed. – Carmelite nun, born in Reggio Emilia in 1428, died in 1491. She took the Carmelite habit, and upon the death of her parents…
Scorpion (SCORPIONE) Vol. XI, p. 106
SCORPIONE. – An arthrogastrous arachnid animal, olive-brown in color; its flat body is equipped with two large chelicerae and a long, articulated abdomen…
Scotellus Vol. XI, p. 106
SCOTELLUS: v. PIETRO DELL'AQUILA.
Scotism (SCOTISMO) Vol. XI, p. 106
SCOTISM. – Since the Scotist synthesis is found under the entry Duns Scoto (v. Duns Scoto), here we treat Scotism in the sense of the interpretation and…
Scotland (SCOZIA) Vol. XI, p. 116
SCOTLAND. — I. GEOGRAPHY. — It is the northern part of Great Britain, but retains a distinct individuality of its own, having long constituted a state separate…
Scoto Eriugena, Giovanni Vol. XI, p. 113
SCOTO ERIUGENA, GIOVANNI. – Philosopher and theologian, born in Ireland (in Celtic Eriu, also called Scotia Maior; hence, presumably, the twofold appellation)…
Scottish School (SCOZZESE, SCUOLA) Vol. XI, p. 117
SCOZZESE, SCUOLA. — Also called the school of “common sense,” whose leading figure was T. Reid (v.) and, after him, his finest disciple D. Stewart (v.). The…
Scotton, Brothers (SCOTTON, FRATELLI) Vol. XI, p. 115
SCOTTON, BROTHERS. — All three were priests and controversialists who, from their residence in Breganze, waged for more than thirty years sensational polemics…
Scottì Gallarati, Filippo (SCOTTI GALLARATI, FILIPPO) Vol. XI, p. 115
SCOTTI GALLARATI, FILIPPO. - Cardinal, b. in Milano on 25 Feb. 1747, d. at Gualtieri near Orvieto on 7 Oct. 1819. Admitted by Pio VI to the prelature, he was…
Scranton, Diocese of (SCRANTON, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 118
SCRANTON, DIOCESI di. — Diocese and city in the State of Pennsylvania (U.S.A.). In 1868 several dioceses were created in the United States. Apostolic…
Scribe (Heb. Sôphêr, pl. Sôphêrîm; Gr. Γραμματεύς) (SCRIBA (EBR. SÔPHÊR, PLUR. SÔPHÊRÎM, GR. ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΌΣ)) Vol. XI, p. 118
SCRIBA (Heb. sôphêr, plur. sôphêrîm, Gk. γραμματεός). — I. In the sense of “writer, copyist, secretary,” there were “scribes” in Israel from the time of David…
Scriniarii Vol. XI, p. 119
SCRINIARII. - From the Latin scrinium (= casket), which properly denoted a cabinet in which precious objects and documents were kept, and later came to mean…
Scriptorium Vol. XI, p. 119
SCRIPTORIUM. — According to Isidore (Orig., VI, 9, 2), it is the stylus used to impress marks on wax; but in medieval terminology it denoted the base upon…
Scripture (SCRITTURA) Vol. XI, p. 121
WRITING. — The invention of writing occupies an eminent place in the development of human civilization: through it, man succeeded in materially fixing…