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1,671 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Sappa, Diocese of (SAPPA, DIOCESI DI)
In northern Albania, suffragan of Scutari. It was erected in 1062 (?) by Alexander II. The first bishop of whom there is certain record is Paul in 1376. In… -
Sapphira (SAFFIRA)
SAFFIRA: V. ANANIA E SAFFIRA. -
Sapporo, Apostolic Vicariate of (SAPPORO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
Located on the large island of Hokkaidō in northern Japan, it comprises the whole of it with an area of 78,461 sq km and 4,185,506 inhabitants. On 12 Feb. 1915… -
Saragossa (Zaragoza), Archdiocese of (SARAGOZZA (ZARAGOZA), ARCIDIOCESI DI)
Metropolitan city and archdiocese of Aragon (Spain), situated in the civil province of the same name and for the most part in that of Teruel. It has a parish… -
Sara (SARA)
1. Wife of Abraham; she was his sister on his father's side, but the daughter of another mother (Gen. 20:12): she is probably to be identified with Iescha… -
Saraia (SARAIA)
Name of several figures of the Old Testament. 1. Secretary (literally "scribe") at the court of David (2 Sam. 8:17). 2. High priest at the end of the kingdom… -
Sarajevo (Vrhbosna), Archdiocese of (SARAJEVO (VRHBOSNA), ARCIDIOCESI DI)
It is located in Yugoslavia and comprises part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the acts of the provincial Synods of Split of 530 and 533 an "Andreas episcopus… -
Saravia, Adriano
Calvinist theologian, b. in 1538 at Esda in Artois, d. at Oxford in 1613. In 1559, because of religious persecutions, he took refuge in England, where he… -
Sarawak, Apostolic Prefecture of (SARAWAK, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It is located in the southwestern part of British Borneo. The territories of S., Brunei, North Borneo and the Island of Labuan on 27 Aug. 1855 were erected… -
Sarbiewski, Matthias Kasimierz
Jesuit, humanist, called "the Polish Horace", b. at Sarbiawo, the family castle near Plonsk, on 24 February 1595, d. at Warsaw on 2 April 1640. Having entered… -
Sarcophagi (SARCOFAGI)
Within the sphere of the artistic documentation of the first centuries of Christianity, Early Christian sarcophagi constitute, together with the catacomb… -
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (GIUNIO BASSO, SARCOFAGO DI)
In 1597, during the excavations for the construction of the new Vatican Confessio, carried out by Giacomo della Porta by order of Clement VIII (1592-1605), a… -
Sardi, Filippo
Archbishop, b. in Lucca on 18 Oct. 1736, d. there on 8 March 1826. His life is closely bound up with the political vicissitudes of the State of Lucca, in which… -
Sardinha, António
Portuguese writer and politician, b. at Monforte (Alentejo) in 1888, d. at Elvas on 1 January 1925. After the fall of the monarchy (1910), he founded (1914)… -
Sardinia (SARDEGNA)
By area (24,089 sq. km., including the adjacent islands), it is the second island of the Mediterranean and the third of the Italian compartments. 1. GEOGRAPHY.… -
Sarephta (SAREPTA)
Formerly a city of Phoenicia, 15 km south of Sidon (v.). It has remained famous because the prophet Elijah, passing through there, multiplied flour and oil for… -
Sargon II
One of the greatest kings of Assyria (Assyrian Šarru-ukēn[u] and Šarru-kēn[u]; Septuagint 'Αρχέανος, from arkā "the second," which S. added to his name), whose… -
Sarkander, Johann, Blessed (SARKANDER, JOHANN, BEATO)
Martyr of the seal of Confession, b. at Skotschau (on the border of Austrian Silesia) on 20 Dec. 1576, d. in prison at Olmütz on 17 March 1620. Ordained a… -
Sarmiento, Martín
Spanish Benedictine, b. at Villafranca del Bierzo on 6 March 1695, d. at Madrid on 7 Dec. 1772. He was the best disciple of Father Feijóo and one of his most… -
Sarnelli, Maria Gennaro, Venerable (SARNELLI, MARIA GENNARO, VENERABILE)
Preacher and ascetical writer, firstborn of the barons of Ciorani, b. in Naples on 12 Sept. 1702, d. there on 30 June 1744. Set to university studies, he… -
Sarpi, Paolo
Born in Venice on 14 Aug. 1552, died there on 14 Jan. 1623. Already at the age of 18 he distinguished himself at Mantua in disputations; in 1575 he entered the… -
Sarsina, Diocese of (SARSINA, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese in the province of Forlì; suffragan of Ravenna, in Romagna. It has an area of 620 sq km and a population of 26,000 inhabitants, all Catholics… -
Sarti, Emiliano
Scholar, b. in Rome in 1795, d. there in 1849. He was a writer for the Hebrew language at the Vatican Library and a professor at the Sapienza. His literary… -
Sartiges, Eugène de
Diplomat, b. at Gannat on 18 Jan. 1808, d. at Paris on 3 Oct. 1892. He began his diplomatic career in 1830 in Rome as auditor of the embassy; he was then… -
Sartorio, Giulio Aristide
Painter, b. in Rome on 11 Feb. 1860, d. there 3 Oct. 1932. A pupil of his father Raffaele, S. gained wide experience in the museums and galleries of Rome… -
Sarug (SARUG)
A descendant of Shem, presented as the son of Reu and the father of Nahor; he would therefore have been the great-grandfather of Abraham (Gen. 11:20-23; 1… -
Sarvia (SARVIA)
Sister, or rather half-sister (cf. II Sam. 16, 9; 19, 21), of David (v.), remembered only as the mother of Joab, Asahel, Abishai (v.). It is strange that these… -
Sarzana
SARZANA: v. LUNI (LA SPEZIA), SARZANA E BRUGNATO, diocese of. -
Sa (Sá, Saa), Manoel da
Portuguese theologian, b. at Villa do Conde in 1530, d. at Arona in the odour of sanctity in 1596. A Jesuit from 1546, he distinguished himself in moral… -
Saskatoon, Diocese of (SASKATOON, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese and city in the province of Saskatchewan in western Canada. The diocese has a population of 150,052 inhabitants, of whom 28,862 are Catholics… -
Sassabasar (SASSABASAR)
A figure who played an important part in the first return of the Jews exiled from Babylonia to the land of Israel: he received from Cyrus the sacred vessels… -
Sassandra, Apostolic Vicariate of (SASSANDRA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
It is located in the southwestern part of the Ivory Coast. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate on 9 April 1940 with territory detached from the apostolic… -
Sassanids (SASSANIDI)
The progenitor of the dynasty of Persia or Īrān is said to have been a certain Sassan, of whom nothing is known with certainty, while the true founder may be… -
Sassari, Diocese of (SASSARI, DIOCESI DI)
It has a population of 149,000 inhabitants, all Catholics, distributed in 39 parishes served by 110 diocesan priests and 48 regulars; it has a seminary, 10… -
Sasserath, Rainer
Conventual, moral theologian, b. at Holtzheim near Reuss on 20 Aug. 1696, d. at Cologne between 1771 and 1775. He entered the Order of Friars Minor Conventual… -
Sassetta, Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, called Il (SASSETTA, STEFANO DI GIOVANNI DI CONSOLO, DETTO IL)
Sienese painter b. in 1392, d. April 1, 1450. His first documented work, executed between July 1, 1423 and December 1426, consisted of a large triptych bearing… -
Sassi, Giuseppe Antonio
Born in Milan in 1672, died in May 1751. Enrolled in the Congregation of the Oblates, in 1703 he entered among the doctors of the Ambrosian Library, became its… -
Sassoferrato, Giovan Battista, Salvi detto il
Painter, b. at Sassoferrato in 1605, d. at Rome in 1685. Of his life very little is known apart from the brief notices provided by Lanzi. In the 18th century… -
Sassovivo
Ancient Benedictine abbey in the diocese of Foligno, from which it is 3 km away. The monk Mainardo and the counts Ugolino and Gualterio founded in 1080 a new… -
Šaštín (ŠAŠTIN)
Slovak national sanctuary of Our Lady of Sorrows. The village of S. lies in the western part of Slovakia, north of Bratislava, not far from the Morava River… -
Satan (SATANA)
SATAN (Heb. šātan). An invisible personal agent, the enemy of man who leads him to perdition by drawing him away from God. The term (from the verb šātan "to… -
Satanism (SATANISMO)
The state of that which is satanic, that is, subject to the action of Satan, or consecrated to the antagonist of God, or pervaded by his spirit. The term takes… -
"Satire Ménippée" (SATIRE MÉNIPPÉE)
A French political libel in the form of a satire, whose title was taken from the work of the same name by Varro. It was published for the first time at Tours… -
Satis Cognitum
Encyclical of Leo XIII (30 June 1896) on the unity of the Church (Acta Leonis XIII, XVI, Rome 1897, pp. 157-210; partially in Denz-U, 1954-62). It opens by… -
Satisfaction (In Ethnology) (SODDISFAZIONE (NELLA ETNOLOGIA))
I. - Among primitive peoples, particularly among those ethnologically most ancient, there exists a moral ideal to which every person and society itself must… -
Satolli, Francesco
Cardinal, b. at Marsciano, archdiocese of Perugia, on 21 July 1839, d. at Rome on 8 Jan. 1910. He studied at the Seminary of Perugia and, after obtaining a… -
Satornilo (Saturninus)
Gnostic of Antioch, a contemporary of Basilides. According to his doctrine the world was created by seven angels (a transformation of a Jewish tradition that… -
Satu Mare (SZATMAR SATU MARE)
SZATMAR SATU MARE : v. SATU MARE. -
Satu Mare (Sathmar, Satu(L)-Mare, Hungary) (SATU MARE (SATHMAR, SATU(L)-MARE, UNGH)
Also called Gran Varadino (Rom. Oradea Mare, Hung. Nagyvárad, Ger. Gross-Wardein). A Latin diocese situated between the Hungarian plain and the Transylvanian… -
Saturn and the Saturnalia (SATURNO E SATURNALIA)
For the Roman literary tradition there is no doubt about the identity between the Roman god Saturnus and the Greek god Kronos: all the myths of the latter are… -
Saturninus, Dativus, Felix and Companions, Saints, Martyrs (SATURNINO, DATIVO, FELICE E COMPAGNI, SANTI, MARTIRI)
They are commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on February 11. Their laterculus comes from Usuard, who was the first to introduce them into his Martyrology.… -
Saturninus, Saint, Martyr (SATURNINO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
He is commemorated in the Depositio martyrum on 29 November as buried in the cemetery of Traso on the Via Salaria nuova. On the same date and in the same place… -
Saturninus (Sernin), Bishop of Toulouse (SATURNINO (SERNIN), VESCOVO DI TOLOSA)
Scene of the martyrdom, depicted on the reliquary of the Saint (13th cent.), Toulouse, Treasury of the church of St-Sernin. Philastr., 31; Epiphanius, Huer.… -
Saturninus (Sernin), Bishop of Toulouse, Saint, Martyr (SATURNINO (SERNIN), VESCOVO DI TOLOSA, SANTO, MARTIRE)
First bishop of Toulouse of the mid-3rd century. Feast on 29 November. According to the Historia passionis (BHL, 7495-99), written at the beginning of the 5th… -
Satyrs and Sileni (Σάτυροι, Σάλοι) (SATIRI E SILENI (ΣΆΤΥΡΟΙ, ΣΆΛΥΟΙ),)
Mythological figures of secondary importance, but among the most widespread in the art, literature and popular beliefs of Greece. Already among the ancients… -
Satyrus, Saint (SATIRO, SANTO,)
Brother of St. Ambrose, born around 334. He was a lawyer and provincial prefect. When Ambrose was elected bishop of Milan, he entrusted him with the… -
Saul (SAUL)
First king of Israel (ca. 1040-1000 B.C.). With his father Kish (Qīš), of the tribe of Benjamin, he lived in Gibeah. He went to consult Samuel (v.) to recover… -
Sault Ste. Marie, Diocese of (SAULT STE-MARIE, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese in the province of Ontario, Canada. The diocese of S. S.-M., a suffragan of Kingston, was erected on 16 Sept. 1904. At the time of its… -
Sauvé, Charles
Ascetical writer, b. 18 Oct. 1848 at Fontaine-Milon (diocese of Angers), d. at Saumur on 11 March 1925. In 1872 he was ordained a priest and entered the… -
Savannah-Atlanta, Diocese of (SAVANNAH-ATLANTA, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese in the State of Georgia, United States of America. The diocese, which has a total population of 3,444,578 inhabitants of whom only 32,409 are… -
Savelli, Domenico
Cardinal, b. at Speloncato (Ajaccio) on 15 Sept. 1792, d. at Rome on 30 Aug. 1864. He studied at the Seminary of Ajaccio, showing even then courage and energy… -
Savelli, Family (SAVELLI, FAMIGLIA)
It appears in history with Aimerico, who was the father of CENCIO, papal chamberlain and cardinal of S. Lucia in Silice in 1192, later Pope Honorius III (v.)… -
Savelov, Ioachin (GIOACHINO SAVELOV)
Patriarch of Moscow (1672-90). In 1685 he annexed the schismatic metropolis of Kiev to the patriarchate of Moscow. In the same > JOB - Fresco of the 4th… -
Saverian, Saint, Martyr (SAVERIANO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
SAVERIANO, santo, martire: v. CORONATI, QUATTRO SANTI. -
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von
Jurist, b. in Frankfurt am Main on 21 Feb. 1779, d. in Berlin on 25 Oct. 1861. He studied at the University of Marburg and the year after his degree, at the… -
Savings (RISPARMIO)
I. NOTION. - It is the positive difference between income and expenses (in the case of a business it is identified with profit). It arises and increases in two… -
Savings Bank (CASSA DI RISPARMIO)
It can still be defined, recalling the words of De Gerando (v. bibl.), as a public deposit, to which every individual may entrust at will the money he wishes… -
Savino, Saint, Martyr (SAVINO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on December 30, but according to the Passio, supported by certain codices of the Hieronymian Martyrology, he died… -
Savio, Dominic, Blessed (SAVIO, DOMENICO, BEATO)
A young member of the Turin Salesian Oratory, b. at Riva di Chieri on 2 April 1842, d. at Mandonio di Asti on 9 March 1857. Received in 1854 by Don Bosco into… -
Savio, Fedele
Jesuit, historian, b. at Saluzzo on 31 Jan. 1848, d. at Rome on 18 Feb. 1916. > (courtesy of Msgr. A. P. Frutaz) SAVOY, HOUSE of - Great seal in green wax… -
Savona and Noli, Diocese of (SAVONA E NOLI, DIOCESI DI)
Dioceses united "aeque principaliter," in the Ligurian ecclesiastical province. They have an area of 400 sq km, with 130,978 inhabitants, of whom 699 are… -
Savonarola, Girolamo
Born in Ferrara on 21 Sept. 1452, to Niccolò di Michele Savonarola and Elena Bonacossi, perhaps a descendant of the Bonacolsi, lords of Mantua. The Savonarola… -
Savoy, House of (SAVOIA, CASA DI)
It appears in the history of western Italy at the beginning of the 11th century. Its first feudal domains are found in the Alpine valleys: on the eastern… -
Saxo Grammaticus
Medieval Danish historiographer, b. probably in the 2nd half of the 12th century. He was in the retinue of Bishop Absalon, who urged him to write the… -
Saxony (SASSONIA)
I. GEOGRAPHY. - An ancient state of Germany; although it has no natural borders, it can be said to be bounded by the Elster and the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge)… -
Say, Family (SAY, FAMIGLIA)
French economists, the best known of whom, JEAN-BAPTISTE, was b. at Lyon on 5 Jan. 1767, and d. at Paris on 15 Nov. 1832. Upon the fall of Napoleon, of whom he… -
Sbaraglia (Sbaralea), Giovanni Giacinto
Historian and bibliographer of the Conventual Franciscans, b. at S. Niccolò della Rotta (Forlì) on 13 March 1687, d. at Rome, at the SS. Apostoli, on 2 June… -
Sbeitla
Sufetula in Byzacena, today S. in Tunisia, was a notable Roman city that appears as early as the time of Vespasian (CIL, VIII, no. 23216); having later become… -
Sbiba
Not far from Sufetula, the Sufes Colonia or Sufibus of the Itinerary of Antoninus, whose bishops are known: Privatus, who was at Carthage in 256; Maximus… -
Scaglia, Sisto
Reformed Cistercian of La Trappe and Christian archaeologist, b. at Anzola d'Ossola (Novara) on 14 Dec. 1872, d. at Rome on 19 Sept. 1918. Having spent his… -
Scala
Small town and ancient diocese in the province of Salerno. The diocese was created by Pope John XV in 987 as a suffragan of Amalfi. Its first bishop was… -
Scalabrini, Giovanni Battista
Bishop of Piacenza, founder of the Missionaries of St. Charles (Scalabrinians) and of the Society of St. Raphael, b. at Fino Mornasco (Como) on 8 July 1839, d.… -
Scalabrini, Giuseppe Antenore
Priest, b. in Ferrara on 13 March 1698, d. there on 5 April 1777. A priest in 1724, he was appointed parish priest of S. Maria delle Bocche, where he remained… -
Scalco Segreto di Sua Santità
SCALCO SEGRETO DI SUA SANTITÀ: V. FAMIGLIA PONTIFICIA. -
Scaliger, Giulio Cesare (SCALIGERO, GIULIO CESARE)
Philologist, philosopher and scientist, b. at Riva del Garda on 23 Apr. 1484 to the cartographer Benedetto Bordoni, d. at Agen on 21 Oct. 1558. He took the… -
Scaliger, Giuseppe Giusto (SCALIGERO, GIUSEPPE GIUSTO)
Philologist, b. at Agen on 4 Aug. 1540, d. at Leiden on 21 Jan. 1609. Son of the famous Giulio Cesare, he adhered to Calvinism (1562), fought with the… -
Scammacca, Obtensio
Jesuit, playwright, b. at Lentini in 1562, d. at Palermo on 16 February 1648. After studying jurisprudence at Catania and Messina, he entered the Society of… -
Scamozzi, Vincenzo
Architect and theorist, b. at Vicenza in 1552, d. at Venice on 7 Aug. 1616. He perfected the instruction he had received from his father, himself also an… -
Scanaroli, Giovanni Battista
A distinguished churchman renowned for works of charity, b. at Modena in 1579, d. at Rome on 10 Sept. 1664. He attended the Jesuit schools and in 1598 entered… -
Scandal (SCANDALO)
Here it means everything that can constitute a difficulty in the exercise of good or be a direct incentive to sin, that is, to moral evil. In this sense… -
Scapigliatura
An Italian literary movement whose center was in Milan between 1860 and 1870. It arose as a reaction to the languors and sentimental complacencies of late… -
Scapular (SCAPOLARE)
From Latin scapula = shoulder. An integral part of the monastic religious habit worn over the tunic, consisting of two long strips of cloth hanging from the… -
Scaramelli, Giovanni Battista
Ascetico-mystical theologian, Jesuit, b. in Rome on 23 Nov. 1687, d. in Macerata on 11 Jan. 1752. Having entered the Society of Jesus in Rome at the age of… -
Scarampi Mezzarota, Ludovico
SCARAMPI MEZZAROTA, LUDOVICO: v. TREVISAN, LODOVICO. -
Scarampi (Scarampa), Pier Francesco
Oratorian, b. in 1596 in Monferrato, d. in Rome on > (from U. Prota Giurleo, A. S., Naples 1956 offprint) > SCARLATTI - Portrait of Alessandro S. Canvas by an… -
Scarboro Foreign Mission Society (SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI SCARBORO)
It originated in 1918 in the diocese of Ottawa (U.S.A.) through the work of the missionary John Mary Fraser. Transferred in 1921 to Scarboro in the diocese of… -
Scardination (SCARDINAZIONE)
SCARDINAZIONE: v. INCARDINAZIONE. -
Scarlatti
A family of musicians that came to Rome from Sicily (though probably of Tuscan origin), which produced as many as 9 musicians; the works of only 4 of them… -
Scarpagnino, Abbondi, Antonio detto lo
Architect and stonecutter, b. in Milan and d. in Venice at a very advanced age in 1549. The earliest documents concerning him relate to his work as builder of… -
Scarsellino, Ippolito Scarsella detto lo (SCARSELLINO, IPPOLITO SCARSELLA, DETTO LO)
Painter, b. in Ferrara in 1551 and d. there on 27 Oct. 1620. He was trained in art by his father Sigismondo, called Mondino, a mediocre painter who had been a… -
Scavini, Pietro
Moral theologian, b. at Intra on 22 Oct. 1791, d. at Novara on 17 Nov. 1869. Still a young priest, he held the office of vicar general of the diocese of Novara… -
Scenography (SCENOGRAFIA)
It is properly the art of painting scenes for theatrical performances, but since it is evident that the unity of a spectacle demands a coordination of all the… -
Scepusio, Diocese of (SCEPUSIO, DIOCESI DI)
In Czechoslovakia. Residence at Spišská Kapitula. Statistics (1949): area 6,568 sq. km., population 324,780, Catholics 306,921, parishes 162, diocesan priests… -
Scerbo, Francesco
Hebraist, b. at Marcellinara (Catanzaro) in 1849, d. at Florence in 1927. He entered the Seminary of Nicastro at the age of 14; ordained a priest, he studied… -
Scetis (Skete, Sketi, Σκήτη, Σκήτις [Σκήτειος], Σκιαβίς) (SCETE (SKETE, SKETI, ΣΚΉΤΗ, ΣΚΉΤΙΣ [ΣΚΉΤΕΙΟΣ], ΣΚΙΑΒΊΣ))
The harshest solitude of the ancient anchorites of Egypt, to the west of the desert of Nitria. It seems that the name is an abbreviation of asceterium: ἀπὸ τῆς… -
Schaefer, Thimotheus
Capuchin canonist, b. at Hechingen (Hohenzollern) on 14 Sept. 1877, d. at Rome on 29 Nov. 1948. Having earned his doctorate in Rome in utroque iure and in… -
Schaepman, Hermannus Johannes Aloysius Maria
Statesman of the Netherlands, b. at Tubbergen (province of Overijssel) on 2 March 1844, d. at Rome on 21 Jan. 1903 and buried in the Campo Santo Teutonico. A… -
Schall von Bell, Johann Adam
Jesuit, missionary in China and astronomer, b. at Cologne on 1 May 1592, d. at Peking on 15 Aug. 1666. Having entered the Society of Jesus on 21 Oct. 1611 and… -
Schanz, Paul
Theologian and apologist, b. at Horb (Württemberg) on 4 March 1841, d. at Tübingen on 1 June 1905. He studied philosophy and theology at the University of… -
Schäzler, Konstantin von (SCHÄZLER, KOSTANTIN VON)
Neo-Thomist theologian, b. at Augsburg on 7 May 1827, d. at Interlaken on 19 Sept. 1880. Of a noble Protestant family, he studied law and began a military… -
Scheeben, Mathias Joseph
Theologian, b. at Mackenheim (near Bonn) on 1 March 1835, d. at Cologne on 21 July 1888. He took his degree in philosophy and theology in Rome at the Gregorian… -
Scheffler, Giovanni
SCHEFFLER, GIOVANNI: v. ANGELO SILESIO. -
Schegg, Peter Johann
Catholic exegete, b. June 6, 1815 at Kaufbeuren in the Allgäu (Bavaria), d. at Munich on July 9, 1885. A priest in 1838 at Augsburg, on account of his frail… -
Scheide, Papiri di
The Greek papyri that the American John H. S. deposited in Princeton University consist of 21 sheets, that is 42 pages, complete except for the first four… -
Scheil, Vincent (secular name Jean) (SCHEIL, VINCENT (AL SECOLO JEAN))
Distinguished Dominican Assyriologist, b. at Königsmachern (Lorraine) on 10 June 1858, d. at Paris on 21 Sept. 1940. Following his elder brother Sebastian… -
Scheler, Max
Philosopher, b. in Munich on 22 Aug. 1875, d. in Frankfurt am Main on 19 May 1928. He first taught as a Privatdozent in Jena and Munich, then (1919) as a… -
Schell, Hermann
Catholic theologian and apologist, b. 28 Feb. 1850 at Freiburg (Baden), d. 31 May 1906 at Würzburg. He studied theology at Freiburg and in Rome, philosophy at… -
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph
Philosopher, b. at Leonberg (Württemberg) on 21 Jan. 1775, d. at Ragaz (Switzerland) on 20 Aug. 1854. After studying theology at Tübingen together with… -
Schenk, Eduard von
Bavarian politician, b. 10 Oct. 1788 in Düsseldorf, d. 26 Apr. 1841 in Munich. He studied at the University of Landshut and, under the influence of Sailer… -
Scheppers, Cornelius Victor (SCHEPPERS, CORNELIUS VIKTOR)
Founder of the Brothers and Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy, b. at Mechelen on 25 April 1802, d. there on 7 March 1877. Ordained a priest in 1832, the practice of… -
Scherer-Boccard, Theodor
Swiss publicist and politician, b. 12 May 1816 at Donach (Solothurn), d. 6 February 1885 at Solothurn. He edited several periodicals (Schildwache am Jura from… -
Scherer, Maria Theresia
In the world Caterina S., co-foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Holy Cross of Ingenbohl, b. at Meggen (Lucerne) on 30 Oct. 1825, d. at Ingenbohl on 16… -
Scherer, Rudolf Ritter von
Canonist, b. in Graz on 11 Aug. 1845, d. in Vienna on 21 Dec. 1918. He studied law and for two years theology in Graz; in 1869 he was ordained a priest. He… -
Schervier, Franziska
Foundress of the Poor Sisters of St. Francis, born at Aachen on 3 January 1819, died there on 14 December 1876. Of a highly distinguished family, she had as… -
Schiaffino, Placido Maria
Cardinal, b. in Genoa on 5 Sept. 1829, d. at Subiaco on 23 Sept. 1889. Having entered in 1846 the Benedictine Congregation of Monte Oliveto, he completed his… -
Schiaparelli, Ernesto
Egyptologist, b. at Occhieppo Inferiore (Biella) on 12 July 1856, d. at Turin on 17 February 1928. His first work, Del sentimento religioso degli antichi… -
Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio
Astronomer, b. at Savigliano (province of Cuneo) on 14 March 1835, d. at Milan on 4 July 1910. At Savigliano he received his first instruction in astronomy… -
Schiaparelli, Luigi
A distinguished master of the diplomatic and paleographic disciplines, b. at Cerrione (Biella) on 2 Aug. 1871, d. at Florence on 26 Jan. 1934. Having just… -
Schiappoli, Domenico
Jurist, b. at S. Biase (Campobasso) on 26 Nov. 1870, d. at Naples on 12 May 1945. A lecturer in ecclesiastical law in 1894 at the University of Naples, in 1896… -
Schiavone, Andrea Meldolla detto Io (SCHIAVONE, ANDREA MELDOLLA, DETTO IO)
Painter and engraver, b. at Zara in the early 1500s, d. at Venice in 1563. The date of birth is uncertain; Ridolf placed it in 1522, but on various indications… -
Schierophoria (Σειροφορία) (SCHIROFORIE (ΣΕΙΡΟΦΌΡΙΑ))
An ancient Athenian festival in honor of Athena Skiras (with whom Demeter and Kore were associated) to obtain from the goddess protection from the scorching… -
Schiffini, Santo
Jesuit, scholastic philosopher and theologian, b. at S. Domenica (province of Cosenza) on 20 July 1841, d. at Chieri (province of Turin) on 10 Dec. 1906.… -
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott
Philosopher, b. 16 Aug. 1864 at Altona (Germany), d. 7 Aug. 1937 at Los Angeles. He taught philosophy at Oxford and, from 1929, at the University of Los… -
Schiller, Friedrich
German lyric poet and playwright, b. at Marbach, in Württemberg, on 10 Nov. 1759, d. at Weimar on 9 May 1805. His father served for a long time in the army… -
Schilling, Carl Halfdan
Barnabite, Servant of God, b. in Christiania on June 9, 1835, d. in Mouscron (Belgium) on Jan. 2, 1907. Converted from Lutheranism (1854) while attending… -
Schindler, Franz Martin
Austrian sociologist, b. at Motzdorf in Bohemia on 25 Jan. 1847, d. at Vienna on 27 Oct. 1922. Ordained a priest in 1869, he was appointed professor of moral… -
Schirò, Giuseppe
Sicilian-Albanian writer and poet, b. at Piana dei Greci on 10 Aug. 1865 and d. at Naples on 17 Feb. 1927. From his childhood he began to write poetry in… -
Schism (SCISMA)
Originally s. (σκίωμα) means a tear, a fissure, hence a divergence of opinion, dissent; in particular: a division that separates the members of one and the… -
Schizophrenia (SCHIZOFRENIA)
Under the term "dementia praecox" Kraepelin (1893) had grouped the forms of the so-called "catatonia" of Kahlbaum, the "hebephrenia" of Hecker and the… -
Schlatter, Adolf
Protestant theologian, among the most influential in recent times, typical for his manner of reconciling criticism with faith, b. 16 Aug. 1852 at St. Gall… -
Schlegel, August Wilhelm von
German critic, philologist and poet, b. at Hannover on 5 Nov. 1767, d. at Bonn on 12 May 1845. He first studied theology at Göttingen, which he soon left for… -
Schlegel, Friedrich von
Philosopher, b. in Hanover on 10 March 1772, d. in Dresden on 12 Jan. 1829. He studied philosophy at the Universities of Leipzig and Göttingen; he was a… -
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst Daniel
He is the founder of the school of German Romantic theology and the most distinguished representative of the break of Protestant religiosity with speculative… -
Schleswig-Holstein
Formerly a duchy, ceded by Emperor Conrad II to Denmark in 1035 and governed with the title of Dukes by members of the Danish royal house; passed by… -
Schlitpacher, Johann (Giovanni di Weilheim)
Benedictine monastic reformer and humanist, b. in 1403 at Schongau (Swabia), d. in a plague on 24 Oct. 1482 at Melk. He was educated at Schlitbach near… -
Schlögl, Nivard
In the world Johannes; an exegete of great gifts and great defects, b. June 4, 1864 in Gaaden (near Mödling, Lower Austria), d. in Vienna in 1939. Having… -
Schmalzgrueber, Franz
Canonist, b. at Griesbach (Upper Bavaria) on 9 Oct. 1663, d. at Dillingen on 7 Nov. 1735. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1679, he taught philosophy and… -
Schmalzl, Maximilian
Painter, lay brother of the Redemptorists, b. at Falkenstein (Bavaria), on 7 July 1850, d. in the convent of Gars (Bavaria) on 7 Jan. 1930. The tenth child of… -
Schmid, Alois von
Philosopher and theologian, b. 22 Dec. 1825 at Zaumberg bei Immenstadt (Bavaria), d. 16 March 1910 at Munich. After completing his studies at Augsburg and… -
Schmid, Christoph von
Pedagogue, b. 15 Aug. 1768 at Dinkelsbühl, d. 3 Sept. 1854 at Augsburg. A favourite pupil of Sailer at Dillingen, he was ordained a priest in 1791. He… -
Schmid, Franz
Theologian, b. in Trent in 1841, d. in Bressanone in 1922. A pupil of the German College, he was spiritual director of the major seminary of Bressanone (1879)… -
Schmidlin, Joseph
Missiologist, b. at Kleinlandau (Alsace) on 29 March 1876, d. in the Schirmeck concentration camp in 1943. A priest in 1899, from 1914 to 1937 he was ordinary… -
Schmidt, Anton Maria
Swiss politician and general from the Canton of Uri, b. 9 Nov. 1792, d. 1880. After taking part in 1823, with the rank of captain, in the Spanish campaign in… -
Schmitz, Hermann Joseph
Auxiliary bishop of Cologne, canonist, promoter of the social movement, b. in Cologne on 16 May 1841, d. there on 21 Aug. 1899. Ordained a priest in 1866… -
Schmöger, Carl
Redemptorist writer, b. at Ehingen (Württemberg) on 24 Feb. 1819, d. at Gars on 14 Aug. 1883. Ordained priest in 1842, he entered the Redemptorists at… -
Schneemann, Gerard
Jesuit, writer, b. at Wesel (Lower Rhine) on 12 Feb. 1829, d. at Kerkrade (Dutch Limburg) on 20 Nov. 1885. After completing his studies at the Seminary of… -
Schneider, Emilie
Of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Holy Cross, born in the world as Giulia, b. at Haaren (near Aachen) on 6 Sept. 1820, d. at Düsseldorf on 21 March… -
Schneider, Giovanni
SCHNEIDER, GIOVANNI: V. AGRICOLA, GIOVANNI. -
Schneider, Joseph
Ascetical writer, b. 5 Sept. 1824 at Friesheim (Germany), d. at Rome on 7 Jan. 1884. In 1852 he entered the Society of Jesus and devoted himself to the… -
Schöffer, Pietro
SCHÖFFER, PIETRO: v. GUTENBERG. -
Schöffler, Agostino
Born on 22 Nov. 1822 at Mittelbronn (Lorraine), died on 1 May 1851 near Son-Tay. He entered the major seminary of Nancy in 1842 and on 9 Oct. 1846 passed to… -
Schola Cantorum
This term designates a rectangular enclosure, often raised one or two steps above the rest of the floor, placed in the ancient basilicas in the section of the… -
Scholastica, Saint (SCOLASTICA, SANTA)
Sister of St. Benedict (v.), born at Norcia around 480, died near Cassino on 10 February 547 (previously the date was thought to be 543), according to… -
Scholasticism (SCHOLASTIK)
A quarterly periodical of philosophy and theology, founded in 1926 by the Jesuit professors of the College of St. Ignatius at Valkenburg (Holland). After the… -
Scholasticism (SCOLASTICA)
In its broadest sense it indicates "medieval philosophy" and, in a more precise sense, that doctrinal movement which proposes a systematic conception of the… -
Scholliner, Hermann
Benedictine theologian, b. at Freising on 15 Jan. 1722, d. at Welchenberg on 16 July 1795. A monk at Oberaltaich (1738), he studied at Erfurt and Salzburg; he… -
Schönberg (Schomberg, Scomber), Nikolaus von
Dominican cardinal, b. at Meissen on 11 Aug. 1472, d. at Rome between 7 and 10 Aug. 1537. He was prior at Lucca, Siena, Florence (S. Marco [1506-1507])… -
Schongauer, Martin
Painter and engraver, b. in Augsburg or in Colmar in Alsace between 1435 and 1443, d. in Breisach in 1491. In 1465 he was in Leipzig in the service of the… -
Schönstatt, Apostolic Movement of (SCHÖNSTATT, MOVIMENTO APOSTOLICO DI)
It arose near the shrine of "Mater Ter Admirabilis" at S., diocese of Trier, through the work of Joseph Kentenich, during the war of 1914-18, for formation in… -
School (SCUOLA)
An institution born from the impossibility in which families find themselves of providing on their own that degree of instruction and culture required by the… -
School, Freedom of (SCUOLA, LIBERTÀ DELLA)
It is a natural consequence of freedom of teaching (v. TEACHING, FREEDOM of) and concerns the organization of the school in the hands of private individuals… -
School in Mission Territory (SCUOLA IN TERRITORIO DI MISSIONE)
The school problem was of greater importance in the modern period of the missions, but certainly not to the extent it deserved. The pontifical bulls, which… -
Schopenhauer, Arthur
Philosopher, b. in Danzig on 22 Feb. 1788, d. in Frankfurt am Main on 21 Sept. 1860. Educated in France and in England, he spent part of his adolescence… -
Schöpfer, Afmilian
Tyrolean politician and sociologist, b. 29 April 1858 in Bressanone, d. 24 March 1936 in Innsbruck. Ordained a priest in 1880, from 1887 to 1913 he was… -
Schorlemer-Alst, Burghard von
German politician, b. 20 Oct. 1825 at Herringhausen near Lippstadt, d. 17 March 1895 at Alst (district of Steinfurt). Having first embraced a military career… -
Schouvaloff, Agostino Maria
Barnabite, born in the world as Gregorio Petrovich, b. in St. Petersburg on 25 Oct. 1804 to Count Pietro and Princess Sofia Cherbatoff, d. in Paris on 2 Apr.… -
Schrader, Klemens
Jesuit, theologian, b. at Itzum (Hannover) on 20 Nov. 1820, d. at Poitiers on 23 Feb. 1875. After completing his studies at the German College in Rome, he… -
Schram(m), Dominikus
Benedictine theologian, b. in Bamberg on 24 Oct. 1722, d. at Banz on 21 Sept. 1797. He made his profession (1743) in the abbey of Banz, rebuilt after its… -
Schreiber, Christian
Bishop and theologian, b. 3 Aug. 1872 at Somborn, d. 1 Sept. 1933 at Berlin. After completing his studies in Rome (1892-99), he taught philosophy (1899-1907)… -
Schrijvers, Joseph
Spiritual writer, b. at Zutendaal (Belgium) on 19 Dec. 1876, made his profession among the Redemptorists in 1895, d. at Rome on 4 March 1945. He taught… -
Schröder, Alfred
Church historian, b. 4 Feb. 1865 at Passau, d. 16 March 1935 at Dillingen. Ordained priest in 1887 and having obtained his doctorate in theology at Munich in… -
Schubert, Franz
Musician, b. Jan. 31, 1797 in Vienna, d. there Nov. 19, 1828. After his first studies with his father, with his brother and with M. Holze, choirmaster of his… -
Schulte, Johann Friedrich von (SCHULTE, JOHANN FRIBDRICH VON)
Canonist and legal historian, b. 23 April 1827 at Winterberg (Westphalia), d. at Merano on 19 December 1914. Having obtained his doctorate in utroque iure at… -
Schultes, Reginald
Dominican theologian, b. at Peterzell (canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland) on 11 Feb. 1873, d. in Rome on 20 Feb. 1928. From 1899 to 1910 he was a professor and… -
Schultze, Gottlob Ernst
Known under the name of Aenesidemus, German philosopher, b. at Heldrungen (Thuringia) on 30 Aug. 1761, d. at Göttingen on 14 Jan. 1833. He taught philosophy at… -
Schumann, Robert
Musician, b. at Zwickau on 8 June 1810, d. at Endenich on 29 July 1856. Initiated in his youth into musical studies, he added to them (Int. Ballarini and… -
Schupfer, Francesco
Legal historian, b. at Chioggia on 5 Jan. 1833, d. at Rome on 8 Aug. 1925. Directed toward legal studies by the environment of Vienna, where he had followed… -
Schürer, Emil Johann
Protestant historian, critic and theologian, of the Abricht Ritschl (v.) tendency, b. at Augsburg on 2 May 1844, d. at Göttingen on 30 Apr. 1910. He studied… -
Schwalm, Benoît
Dominican theologian and philosopher, b. at Nancy on 15 Oct. 1860, d. at Pass-Prest (St. Paul du Var) on 17 Nov. 1908. A religious in 1878, he studied at… -
Schwane, Joseph
Theologian, b. at Dorsten in Westphalia on 2 April 1824, d. at Münster on 6 June 1891. A priest in 1849, a lecturer in the theological faculty of Münster in… -
Schwartz, Eduard
Protestant, scholar of ecclesiastical history and philologist, b. in Kiel on 22 Aug. 1858, d. in Munich on 13 Feb. 1940. He was professor of classical… -
Schwarzenberg, Family (SCHWARZENBERG, FAMIGLIA)
Noble family originating from Franconia, of the same stock as the counts of Seinsheim. In the 16th century ADAM (1584-1641) acquired renown, as minister of the… -
Schwarz, Wilhelm
Publicist, b. 20 April 1852 at Nordkirchen (Westphalia), d. 20 December 1923 at Münster. A priest in 1878, he resided from 1883 to 1887 in Rome as chaplain at… -
Schwetz, Johann Baptist
Theologian, b. at Bosan in Moravia in 1803, d. at Vienna in 1890. He taught dogmatic theology at Olmütz and at the University of Vienna. In 1863 he was… -
Schynse, August Wilhelm
Missionary, b. 21 June 1857 at Wallhausen near Kreuznach, priest in 1880, he was the first German to enter the White Fathers in 1882; missionary in the Congo… -
Scialoja, Vittorio
Jurist, b. in Turin on 24 April 1856, d. in Rome on 19 November 1933. Having graduated from the University of Rome in 1877, after a brief period at the… -
Science (SCIENZA)
By the term s. (Lat. scientia = knowledge, Gk. ἐπιστήμη) has always been meant a knowledge (v.) different from and more perfect than ordinary knowledge… -
Science of Jesus Christ (SCIENZA DI GESÙ CRISTO)
SCIENZA DI GESÙ CRISTO: V. PSICOLOGIA DI GESÙ CRISTO. -
Science of Nutrition (SCIENZA DELL'ALIMENTAZIONE)
It is the study of man's dietary needs and, in a broader sense, also of those of animals and plants, and of the ways in which these needs can be adequately… -
Scientism (SCIENTISMO)
It is the conception according to which science (v.), as a type of knowledge distinguished from philosophy (v.) as well as from religious faith, is the only…