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1,649 articles · English index · Indice italiano

Stilus Et Praxis Curiae Vol. XI, p. 809
STILUS et PRAXIS CURIAE. — These are two canonical juridical institutions which differ very little from one another and are relevant in the CIC as norms in…
Stimmen Der Zeit Vol. XI, p. 814
«STIMMEN DER ZEIT». — A journal providing a critical survey of the intellectual, scientific, social, and religious life of Germany, with the aim of bearing…
Stimmer, Tobias Vol. XI, p. 814
STIMMER, TOBIAS. – Painter and engraver, born in Schaffhausen on 17 April 1539, died in Strasbourg on 4 January 1584. He was one of the principal exponents of…
Stirling, James Hutchison Vol. XI, p. 815
STIRLING, JAMES HUTCHISON. – English philosopher, born on 22 January 1820 in Glasgow, died on 19 March 1909 in Edinburgh, at whose University he had been…
Stirner, Max Vol. XI, p. 815
STIRNER, MAX. — Pseudonym of the philosopher Johann Caspar Schmidt, born on 25 October 1806 in Bayreuth, died on 25 June 1856 in Berlin. He studied (1826–28;…
Stirpe Vol. XI, p. 815
STIRPE: v. RAZZISMO.
Stobi Vol. XI, p. 815
STOBI. – Ancient city of Paeonia, on the site of the present-day village of Pusto-Gradako. In A.D. 386 it was the capital of Macedonia II Salutaris; it was an…
Stocchiero, Giuseppe Vol. XI, p. 815
STOCCHIERO, GIUSEPPE. - Canon lawyer, b. at Arzignano (Vicenza) on 24 Sept. 1882, d. at Vicenza on 4 Dec. 1946. Having completed his studies at the Seminary of…
Stocco E Berrettone Vol. XI, p. 816
STOCCO e BERRETTONE. – The s. is a kind of sword, richly adorned with gold on the hilt, with scabbard and baldric, which the Roman pontiffs used to send to…
Stock, Saint Simon (SIMONE STOCK, SANTO) Vol. XI, p. 394
SIMONE STOCK, saint. – Carmelite, born at Keanth (England) in 1165, died at Bordeaux on 16 May 1265. He entered the Order in 1212 and was elected its superior…
Stockholm (STOCCOLMA) Vol. XI, p. 816
STOCCOLMA. – Capital of the Kingdom of Sweden, S. (Stockholm in Swedish), on the western shore of the Baltic Sea, where the slow action of glacialism has…
Stockjobbing (AGGIOTAGGIO) Vol. I, p. 287
AGGIOTAGGIO. - Speculation consisting in publishing or otherwise disseminating false, exaggerated, or tendentious information, or in employing other artifices…
Stoddard, Charles Warren Vol. XI, p. 818
STODDARD, CHARLES WARREN. - American writer, b. 7 Aug. 1843 at Rochester (New York), d. 23 Apr. 1909 at Monterey (California). After working as a bookseller’s…
Stoecker, Adolf Vol. XI, p. 818
STOECKER, ADOLF. - German politician and sociologist, Protestant, b. 11 Nov. 1835 at Halberstadt, d. 8 Feb. 1909 at Gries near Bolzano. A Protestant pastor, he…
Stoffe Vol. XI, p. 818
FABRICS. - The most recent excavations demonstrate that the art of weaving dates back to the most remote Stone Age. Discoveries made in Egypt, as well as in…
Stoicism (STOICISMO) Vol. XI, p. 830
STOICISM. — Philosophical school founded in the “Stoa” (Portico) of Athens by Zeno of Citium around 300 B.C. His successors were Cleanthes (d. in 233–32),…
Stojan, Antonín Cyril Vol. XI, p. 831
STOJAN, ANTONÍN CYRIL. — Archbishop of Olomouc, born on 22 May 1851 at Beňov in Moravia, died there on 29 September 1923. Coming from a modest family of…
Stolberg, Friedrich Leopold Vol. XI, p. 833
STOLBERG, FRIEDRICH LEOPOLD. – Poet, born at Bramstedt (Holstein) on 7 November 1750, died at Sondermühle near Osnabrück on 5 December 1819. Together with his…
Stole (More Antiquely Orarium) (STOLA (PIÙ ANTICAMENTE ORARIUM)) Vol. XI, p. 832
STOLA (more anciently orarium). — It is a liturgical insignia common to deacons, priests, and bishops, but worn differently: by deacons over the left shoulder,…
Stole, Rights Of (STOLA, DIRITTI DI) Vol. XI, p. 832
STOLA, RIGHTS of. - I. - Rights of s. or s. fees (iura stolae) are the payments owed by non-poor persons to parish priests on the occasion of the…
Stolz, Alban Vol. XI, p. 833
STOLZ, ALBAN. — Writer and educator, born on 3 February 1808 at Bühl (Baden), died at Freiburg im Br. on 16 October 1883. After his secondary education at…
Stolz, Anselm Vol. XI, p. 833
STOLZ, ANSELM. - Benedictine theologian, b. 28 Jan. 1900 at Erkrath (near Düsseldorf), d. at Rome on 19 Oct. 1942. A professed monk of the abbey of S. Giuseppe…
Stoppani, Antonio Vol. XI, p. 834
STOPPANI, ANTONIO. – Priest and scientist, b. at Lecco on 15 August 1824, d. at Milan on 1 January 1891. A seminarian at the age of eleven, first at Lecco and…
Storchenau, Sigmund Von Vol. XI, p. 834
STORCHENAU, SIGMUND von. – Jesuit, philosopher, and apologist, born at Hollenburg (Carinthia) on 17 August 1731, died at Klagenfurt on 13 April 1797. He…
Storer, Franz Vol. XI, p. 834
STORER, FRANZ. - Jesuit, missionary, b. at Costanza on 17 Jan. 1617, d. at Gondar (Ethiopia), probably in 1662. Having entered the Order in 1635, from 1646 to…
Storpiation, Healing Of (STORPIA, GUARIGIONE DELLA) Vol. XI, p. 846
STORPIA, GUARIGIONE della. - The Gospel of St. Luke recounts the miraculous healing of a woman who had been crippled for eighteen years: « et erat inclinata…
Stoss, Andreas Vol. XI, p. 846
STOSS, ANDREAS. - Carmelite theologian, b. in Norimberga about 1477, d. in Bamberga on 10 Oct. 1540. Son of the celebrated woodcarver Veit Stoss, he took the…
Stoss, Veit (Stwosz Wit) Vol. XI, p. 847
STOSS, VEIT (STWOSZ WIT). — Sculptor of the late German Gothic period, born probably in Nuremberg in the fifth decade of the 15th century, died there in 1533.…
Strack, Hermann Lebrecht Vol. XI, p. 847
STRACK, HERMANN LEBRECHT. – Protestant exegete and Orientalist who, while remaining a “positive theologian,” made very broad concessions to the most audacious…
Stradella, Alessandro Vol. XI, p. 847
STRADELLA, ALESSANDRO. - Musician, born perhaps at Montefestino in 1642, died at Genova on 28 February 1682. The value of his art is to be sought particularly…
Straits Settlements (STABILIMENTI DELLO STRETTO) Vol. XI, p. 708
STABILIMENTI DELLO STRETTO: V. MALESE, FEDERAZIONE.
Strambi, Vincent Maria, Saint (VINCENZO MARIA STRAMBI, SANTO) Vol. XII, p. 917
VINCENZO MARIA STRAMBI, saint. — Passionist, bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, born at Civitavecchia on 1 January 1745, died at Rome on 1 January 1824. Having…
Strasbourg, Diocese of (STRASBURGO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 848
STRASBURGO, DIOCESI di. – Diocese and city situated in France at the confluence of the Bruche and the Ill, between the Vosges and the Rhine, from which it is 4…
Stratigraphy (STRATIGRAFIA) Vol. XI, p. 849
STRATIGRAPHY. – Stratigraphy, also called stratigraphic geology or historical geology, reconstructs the chronological order in which materials were deposited…
Strauss, D. (STRAUSS, D) Vol. XI, p. 698
STRAUSS, D. F.) by R. Bultmann (v. VANGELO), which so greatly troubles world Protestantism; b) with the elimination even of every central message (kerygma) of…
Strauss, David Friedrich Vol. XI, p. 858
STRAUSS, DAVID FRIEDRICH. – Protestant theologian, faithful to the principles and presuppositions of the “rational-mythical” school (“mythisch-rationale…
Streit, Karl Vol. XI, p. 863
STREIT, KARL. - Founder of ecclesiastical cartography, b. 5 Aug. 1874 at Dittersbüchl (diocese of Litoměřice, Czechoslovakia), d. 31 May 1935. Having entered…
Streit, Robert Vol. XI, p. 863
STREIT, ROBERT. — Born on 27 October 1875 at Fraustadt (Posen), Germany; died at Frankfurt am Main on 31 July 1930. He entered the Oblates of Mary Immaculate…
Streitl, Maria Franziska (STREITEL, MARIA FRANZISKA) Vol. XI, p. 864
STREITEL, MARIA FRANZISKA. — Foundress of the Sisters of Our Lady of Sorrows, born in Mellrichstadt (diocese of Würzburg) on 24 November 1844, died in Castro…
Strike (SCIOPERO) Vol. XI, p. 86
SCIOPERO. — It is the concerted cessation of work. The phenomenon is highly complex and may be studied from various points of view. Of particular interest…
Strindberg, Johan August Vol. XI, p. 866
STRINDBERG, JOHAN AUGUST. — Swedish writer, born in Stockholm on 22 January 1849, died there on 14 May 1912. He established himself in his youth with Master…
Strongoli Vol. XI, p. 866
STRONGOLI. - It was one of the five tiny dioceses on the Ionian side of Calabria, established by the Byzantines around the middle of the 9th century for the…
Strossmayer, Josip Juraj Vol. XI, p. 866
STROSSMAYER, JOSIP JURAJ. — Bishop, b. at Osiek (Croatia) on 4 Nov. 1815, d. at Djakovo on 8 Apr. 1905. He studied philosophy and theology at Budapest and…
Strozzi Acquaviva, Isabella, Duchess of Atri (STROZZI ACQUAVIVA, ISABELLA, DUCHESSA D'ATRI) Vol. XI, p. 870
STROZZI ACQUAVIVA, ISABELLA, duchess of ATRI. - Collaborator of St. Leonardo da Porto Maurizio, born 4 Aug. 1703; in 1727 she married Filippo Strozzi, duke of…
Strozzi Family (STROZZI, FAMIGLIA) Vol. XI, p. 869
STROZZI, FAMIGLIA. – Its known progenitor was a certain STROZZA of Ubaldino, who lived in the second half of the 13th century. From his sons, PINO, LAPO,…
Strozzi, Bernardo Vol. XI, p. 869
STROZZI, BERNARDO. — Known as the Genoese Capuchin, painter, born in Genoa in 1581, died in Venice in 1644. He is among the most notable Genoese painters of…
Strumi Vol. XI, p. 877
STRUMI. — An ancient Benedictine abbey in the Casentino, founded by Teugrimo or Teudegrimo, of the Guidi family, toward the end of the 10th century. Dedicated…
Strzygowski, Joseph Vol. XI, p. 878
STRZYGOWSKI, JOSEPH. — Art historian, born in Biela, in what was then Austrian Silesia, on 7 March 1862, died on 7 January 1941. He studied archaeology and art…
Stuart Family (STUART, FAMIGLIA) Vol. XI, p. 879
STUART, FAMIGLIA. – An ancient Scottish family, descended from a branch of the Anglo-Norman Fitz-Alan family. In the time of King David I of Scotland…
Stucco Vol. XI, p. 879
STUCCO. – It is a mixture of lime and pozzolana combined with marble dust or plaster; when dried, it becomes hard and can be worked with a chisel and gouge;…
Studach, Jakob Lorenz Vol. XI, p. 880
STUDACH, JAKOB LORENZ. - Born on Jan. 25, 1796, in Altstätten (St. Gallen Canton, Switzerland), died on May 9, 1873, in Stockholm. Ordained a priest on Feb.…
Studi E Testi Vol. XI, p. 882
STUDI E TESTI. — A series of texts «published under the direction of the scholars of the Vatican Library» (in 1929, «and of the archivists of the Secret…
Studia Catholica Vol. XI, p. 881
STUDIA CATHOLICA. - The most widely circulated theological review among Dutch Catholics. It is the continuation of the Katholiek (v.), but it is not the…
Studia Et Documenta Historiae Et Iuris Vol. XI, p. 881
STUDIA ET DOCUMENTA HISTORIAE ET IURIS. - A scholarly journal—chiefly concerned with Roman law—published by the « Pontificium Institutum utriusque iuris »,…
Studia Linguarum Vol. XI, p. 881
STUDIA LINGUARUM. – The principal instrument of evangelization is oral preaching in the language of the people to whom one preaches. Speaking through an…
Studien Vol. XI, p. 882
STUDIEN. — Monthly periodical of culture, founded in 1878 by the Dutch Jesuits. As early as 1868, the plan had been undertaken of publishing separate pamphlets…
Studies Vol. XI, p. 882
STUDIES. – Quarterly periodical, founded in Dublin in 1912 by the Jesuits of the Irish province, with the subtitle An Irish Quarterly Review of Letters,…
Studiorum Ducem Vol. XI, p. 882
« STUDIORUM DUCEM ». - Encyclical of Pio XI (29 June 1923) on s. Tommaso d'Aquino, published on the occasion of the sixth centenary of his canonization (AAS,…
Studites (STUDITI) Vol. XI, p. 883
STUDITI. – Greek monks of the ancient coenobium of Constantinople called Studion (a strange name, whose true form was definitively established by H. Delehaye…
Studium Vol. XI, p. 883
STUDIUM. — Cultural journal, which began publication in 1905 as the organ of the Italian Catholic University Federation (v.). Since 1933 it has been an…
Stumpf, Kilian Vol. XI, p. 883
STUMPF, KILIAN. — Jesuit, missionary, born at Würzburg on 14 September 1655, died at Beijing on 24 July 1720. He entered the Order in 1673 and departed for…
Sture, Sten, the Elder (STURE, STEN, IL VECCHIO) Vol. XI, p. 886
STURE, STEN, the ELDER. — Swedish statesman, born around 1442, died on 14 December 1503 at Jönköping. Related on his mother’s side to King Karl Knutsson, he…
Sture, Sten, the Younger (STURE, STEN, IL GIOVANE) Vol. XI, p. 886
STURE, STEN, il GIOVANE. — Swedish political figure, born ca. 1493, died 3 February 1520. The son of Svante Nilsson, who after Sten Sture the Elder had been…
Sturla, Luigi Vol. XI, p. 887
STURLA, LUIGI. - Born in Genova on 27 Aug. 1805, died there on 19 Apr. 1865. Former apostolic prefect of Aden. A priest of great piety and zeal, a friend of…
Sturm und Drang Vol. XI, p. 887
STURM UND DRANG. — Literary movement of German youth around 1770–80, so called after a drama by Klinger (1776). It drew its impetus from English…
Sturm, Johann Vol. XI, p. 887
STURM, JOHANN. – Humanist and educationalist, born at Schleiden (Eifel) on 1 October 1507, died at Strasbourg on 3 March 1589. A Catholic, he received a…
Stutz, Ulrich Vol. XI, p. 888
STUTZ, ULRICH. – Jurist, b. in Zurigo on 5 May 1868, d. in Berlino on 6 July 1938. He received his doctorate in law in 1892 at the University of Berlino; in…
Styger, Paul Vol. XI, p. 888
STYGER, PAUL. — Archaeologist, born at Schwyz (Switzerland) on 27 September 1889 and died at Lucerne on 14 May 1939. After six years of study at the Maria-Hilf…
Stylite (from Greek στύλος « column ») (STILITA (DAL GRECO ΣΤΎΛΟΣ « COLONNA »)) Vol. XI, p. 807
STILITA (from the Greek στύλος “column”). — An anchorite who lived on top of a column. Almost entirely unknown in the West, stylites were fairly numerous in…
Stöckl, Albert Vol. XI, p. 817
STÖCKL, ALBERT. — Neo-Scholastic philosopher and theologian, born on 15 March 1823 at Möhren (Middle Franconia), died at Eichstätt on 15 November 1895. He…
Stöcklein, Joseph Vol. XI, p. 817
STÖCKLEIN, JOSEPH. — Jesuit, military chaplain, missiologist, born in Öttingen (Bavaria) on 30 July 1676, died in Graz on 28 December 1733. Having entered the…
Suanhwa, Diocese of (SÜANHWA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 888
SÜANHWA, DIOCESE of. - In the southern part of the province of Chagar in northern China. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate on 10 May 1926, with 9 civil…
Sub Tuum Praesidium Vol. XI, p. 896
« SUB TUUM PRAESIDIUM ». — It is the oldest prayer to the Most Blessed Virgin known. I. THE ORIGINAL TEXT. — It is preserved on a sheet of papyrus (18 × 9.4…
Subconscious (SUBCOSCIENZA) Vol. XI, p. 891
SUBCONSCIOUSNESS. – A term brought into use in psychology by psychoanalysis (v.) and in theology by modernism (v.) to indicate the psychic sphere that is…
Subdeacon (SUDDIACONO) Vol. XI, p. 904
SUDDIACONO. — It is the first, in ascending order, of the sacred and major Orders. The term s. (Gk. ὑποδιάκονος: subminister) denotes the office of a minister…
Subiaco Vol. XI, p. 892
SUBIACO. – A town in the province of Rome and an abbey nullus immediately subject to the Holy See. S. is situated 408 m above sea level in the valley of the…
Subintroductae Vol. XI, p. 894
SUBINTRODUCTAE: V. AGAPETE.
Subject (SOGGETTO) Vol. XI, p. 547
SUBJECT. — The term s. has various meanings. In current usage one speaks of the s. of a proposition, a discussion, a work, or a science, meaning that of which…
Subjectivism (SOGGETTIVISMO) Vol. XI, p. 546
SOGGETTIVISMO. – Opposite to objectivism (v.), the term is properly used in relation to modern philosophy as a tendency toward the overvaluation of that which…
Subleyras, Pierre Vol. XI, p. 894
SUBLEYRAS, PIERRE. - Painter and engraver, b. at St-Gilles-du-Gard (Languedoc) on 25 Nov. 1699, d. at Rome on 28 May 1749. Having received his first…
Subordinationism (SUBORDINAZIANISMO) Vol. XI, p. 895
SUBORDINATIONISM. — An erroneous theory, or even a Trinitarian heresy, which admits a certain hierarchical subordination of the three persons within the Most…
Subornation (SUBORNAZIONE) Vol. XI, p. 896
SUBORNAZIONE. — This is the offense consisting in inducing, by gifts, promises, or in any other manner, witnesses or experts to give false testimony or a false…
Subsistence (SUSSISTENZA) Vol. XI, p. 965
SUBSISTENCE. — In general, this indicates the consistency and sufficiency of reality that substance (v.) acquires through possession of its essential and real…
Substance (SOSTANZA) Vol. XI, p. 597
SUBSTANCE. — It may indicate either effective and concrete reality, that is, the singular (the “first substance” of Aristotelian terminology), or essence (v.),…
Substitute (SOSTITUTO) Vol. XI, p. 598
SOSTITUTO. – The s. (substitutus, subrogatus, vicarius) is one who takes the place of another. In the offices of the Roman Curia there are officials so…
Suchow, Diocese of (SUCHOW, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 902
SUCHOW, DIOCESI di. – In the northeastern part of Kiangsu Province, in central China. It was established as an apostolic prefecture on 1 July 1931, with 8…
Sucinctory (Subcinctorium, Subcingulum, Perizoma; Balteus, Praecinctorium, Semicinctium) (SUCCINTORIO (SUBCINCTORIUM, SUBCINGULUM, PERIZOMA; BALTEUS, PRAECINCTORIUM, SEMICINCTIUM)) Vol. XI, p. 901
SUCCINTORIO (subcinctorium, subcingulum, perizoma; balteus, praecinctorium, semicinctium). — An ornament of the Pope in the solemn Mass. It is a strip of…
Sucre, Archdiocese of (SUCRE, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 902
SUCRE, ARCHDIOCESE of. — Capital city of the department of Chuquisaca and archdiocese in Bolivia (South America). It has an area of 50,875 sq. km. and 40,000…
Suda (Gr. Σουίδα) (SUIDA (GR. ΣΟΥΈΔΑ)) Vol. XI, p. 909
SUIDA (Gr. Σουέδα). — A familiar name, going back to Eustathius in his commentary on Homer (1175), for the supposed compiler of a Lexicon, composed around A.D.…
Sudan Vol. XI, p. 902
SUDAN. – Region of central Africa whose western part is politically dependent on France (v. A.O.F.) and whose eastern part constitutes the Anglo-Egyptian S.…
Sue, Eugène Vol. XI, p. 904
SUE, EUGÈNE. - French writer, born in Paris on 20 Jan. 1804, died at Annecy on 3 Aug. 1857. After several works set in the maritime world, he portrayed, in…
Suetonius (SVETONIO) Vol. XI, p. 969
SVETONIO — Incipit of the Vitae of the Emperors. In the lower frieze, the coat of arms of Federico d'Urbino — Vatican Library, cod. Urb. Ist. 457, f. 1ᵒ (15th…
Suetonius (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus) (SVETONIO (GAIUS SUETONIUS TRANQUILLUS)) Vol. XI, p. 968
SVETONIO (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus). — Historian, born around 75 A.D.; his birthplace is unknown. Under Trajan he was secretary of the imperial…
Suez Vol. XI, p. 905
SUEZ. - The apostolic vicariate of the canal of S. has, since 27 Jan. 1951, been called the apostolic vicariate of Porto Said, after the name of the city where…
Suffering (SOFFERENZA) Vol. XI, p. 537
SOFFERENZA. – A philosophico-moral problem, psychologically difficult, is posed by the fact that suffering accompanies everyone’s life. Christian Revelation…
Sufficient Reason (Principle of) (RAGION SUFFICIENTE (PRINCIPIO DI)) Vol. X, p. 296
SUFFICIENT REASON (PRINCIPLE of). — It expresses the “rationality of the real,” insofar as every thing, both in the sphere of being and in that of becoming,…
Suffrages (SUFFRAGI) Vol. XI, p. 905
SUFFRAGI: v. DEFUNTI.
Sufism (SŪFISMO) Vol. XI, p. 905
SŪFISMO. – From the camel-hair woolen cloak (Arab. sūf) worn by the followers of the movement, the “spirituality” of Muslims is called Sufism. The point of…
Suger (SUGERO) Vol. XI, p. 906
SUGERO. — Abbot of the Abbey of St-Denis in Paris, b. at St-Denis or Argenteuil in 1081, d. at St-Denis on 13 January 1151. He entered the priory of St-Denis…
Suggestion (SUGGESTIONE) Vol. XI, p. 907
SUGGESTIONE: v. PSICOTERAPIA.
Suicide (SUICIDIO) Vol. XI, p. 907
SUICIDIO. — In the etymological sense, it denotes the act by which a person, on his own authority, voluntarily brings about his own death. In common usage,…
Suifu, Apostolic Prefecture of (SUIHSIEN, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI) Vol. XI, p. 910
SUIHSIEN, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In the north-eastern part of the province of Hupeh, in central China. It was erected on 17 June 1937 from 3 civil…
Suifu, Diocese of (SUIFU, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 910
SUIFU, DIOCESE of. — In the southern part of Szechwan province, in west-central China. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate under the name of Southern…
Suitbert (Suidbercht, Swidbert), Saint (SUITBERTO (SUIDBERCHT, SWIDBERT), SANTO) Vol. XI, p. 910
SUITBERTO (SUIDBERCHT, SWIDBERT), santo. - Benedictine, apostle of the Frisians, a native of Northumbria, d. at Kaiserwerth (Düsseldorf) on March 1, 713.…
Suiyuan, Archdiocese of (SUIYUAN, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 911
SUIYUAN, ARCHDIOCESE of. — Situated in the central part of Inner Mongolia, it comprises nine subprefectures of the civil province of S. and several other…
Sukabumi, Apostolic Prefecture of (SUKABUMI, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI) Vol. XI, p. 911
SUKABUMI, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE OF - Situated in the western part of the island of Java (Indonesia), it includes the civil prefecture of Bantam and the…
Sully Prudhomme, René-François-Armand Prudhomme, detto (SULLY PRUDHOMME, REMÉ-FRANÇOIS-ARMAND PRUDHOMME, DETTO) Vol. XI, p. 912
SULLY PRUDHOMME, REMÉ-FRANÇOIS-ARMAND PRUDHOMME, known as. - French poet, b. in Paris on 16 May 1839, d. at Chatenay on 7 Sept. 1907. Towards the end of the…
Sulmona, Diocese of (SULMONA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 912
SULMONA, DIOCESI di: v. VALVA e SULMONA, diocesi di.
Sulpicians (SULPIZIANI) Vol. XI, p. 913
SULPIZIANI. – They were founded in Paris in 1642 by J. J. Olier (v.), parish priest of S. Sulpizio, in order to restore the fortunes of the French clergy,…
Sulpicius Severus (SULPICIO SEVERO) Vol. XI, p. 912
SULPICIO SEVERO. — Ecclesiastical writer of southern Gaul, b. in Aquitania ca. 360, d. at Primillac ca. 420. Of noble family (Gennadius, De viris ill., 19), he…
Sulpizio, Nunzio, Venerable (SULPRIZIO, NUNZIO, VENERABILE) Vol. XI, p. 913
SULPRIZIO, NUNZIO, venerable. - B. at Pesco Sansonesco (diocese of Sulmona) on 13 Apr. 1817, d. at Naples on 5 March 1836. Left an orphan at an early age, he…
Sulāqā, Giovanni Vol. XI, p. 912
SULĀQĀ, GIOVANNI. - First Chaldean patriarch of Mossul, martyr for union with Rome. Born in Mossul around 1510 and died there at the beginning of 1555. From…
Sumerians (SUMERI) Vol. XI, p. 914
SUMERI. - The first people of the ancient Middle East for whom written documents have survived. They possessed a highly advanced culture, born in the temples,…
Summae Deus Clementiae Vol. XI, p. 921
« SUMMAE DEUS CLEMENTIAE ». – Hymn of Lauds for the feast of the Seven Sorrows of Mary Most Holy on 15 September, by an unknown author. The author addresses…
Summae Parens Clementiae Vol. XI, p. 921
« SUMMAE PARENS CLEMENTIAE ». – Hymn of Matins on Saturday, by an unknown author. It is found in ninth-century manuscripts (G. M. Dreves and C. Blume, Anal.…
Summaga Vol. XI, p. 921
SUMMAGA. - Benedictine abbey, in the diocese of Concordia, 3 km distant from it; the Latin name « Summa aqua » is connected with the marshy ground, reclaimed…
Summerhill Vol. XI, p. 922
SUMMERHILL: v. FERNS, DIOCESI di.
Summi Pontificatus Vol. XI, p. 922
«SUMMI PONTIFICATUS». — The first encyclical of Pius XII (20 October 1939), in which the program of his pontificate is outlined. Published on the eve of the…
Summons (INTIMAZIONE) Vol. VII, p. 91
INTIMATION. – This term designates the act by which a summons to appear in court is notified. It is in criminal matters that this term finds its fullest…
Summus Refectis Artubus (SOMMO REFECTIS ARTUBUS) Vol. XI, p. 577
«SOMMO REFECTIS ARTUBUS». — Matins hymn for Monday, by an unknown author; it is found in manuscripts of the ninth century (G. M. Dreves, Anal. hymn., III,…
Sun Yat-sen Vol. XI, p. 923
SUN YAT-SEN. – Cantonese form of the name of Süenisien (Sun I-hsien), Chinese politician and revolutionary. Born on 12 November 1866 into a humble peasant…
Sundar Singh Vol. XI, p. 922
SUNDAR SINGH. – Hindu mystic, called Sadhu = “pious,” born in Rampur, on the border of Nepal, on 3 September 1889, died in 1932. From the religious sect into…
Sunday (DOMENICA) Vol. IV, p. 1045
DOMENICA. — From (dies) Dominica, “the Lord’s day.” Debate continues concerning the time, place, and manner in which this day was added to the Jewish Sabbath…
Sunday Letter (LETTERA DOMENICALE) Vol. VII, p. 729
DOMINICAL LETTER. - In order to determine on which days of the year Sundays fell, medieval chronologists devised the system of ferial letters, whereby the…
Sunday Precept (PRECETTO FESTIVO) Vol. IX, p. 1133
PRECETTO FESTIVO. — By the festive precept is understood the obligation to sanctify Sundays and days of obligation by attending Mass and abstaining from…
Sunday School (DOMENICALE, SCUOLA) Vol. IV, p. 1046
DOMENICALE, SCUOLA. — According to G. Everette’s definition, “the S. d. is the school of the Church of Christ, gathered together on Sunday, in which the word…
Sunday, Saint, Martyr (DOMENICA, SANTA, MARTIRE) Vol. IV, p. 1046
DOMENICA, saint, martyr. – She is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 6 July. She may perhaps be the Greek martyr Ciriaca (Κυριαχή), who died at Nicomedia…
Sundays and Holy Days (DOMENICA E GIORNI FESTIVI) Vol. IV, p. 1046
DOMENICA E GIORNI FESTIVI: v. PRE-CETTO FESTIVO.
Suono Vol. XI, p. 923
SOUND. — I. PHYSICAL GENESIS OF ACOUSTIC STIMULI. — The energy adequate to stimulate the auditory apparatus is a particular form of mechanical energy, namely…
Superantius (Soranzo), Nicolaus Vol. XI, p. 951
SUPERANTIUS (SORANZO), NICOLAUS. - Jurist, b. in Venezia in 1474, d. there on 20 Nov. 1546. An Augustinian religious, he was prior of the monastery of Venezia…
Superfluous Goods (BENI SUPERFLUI) Vol. II, p. 785
SUPERFLUOUS GOODS. — Superfluous goods are those temporal goods that are necessary neither for a person’s life nor for his status. By life is meant not merely…
Superior (Religious) (GENERALE (RELIGIOSO)) Vol. V, p. 1184
GENERAL (religious). — He is the supreme head of a religious Order or Congregation: the first of the so-called major superiors. In the CIC he is designated by…
Superior School of Christian Art "Blessed Angelico" (SCUOLA SUPERIORE D'ARTE CRISTIANA «BEATO ANGELICO») Vol. XI, p. 137
SCUOLA SUPERIORE D'ARTE CRISTIANA «BEATO ANGELICO». — Founded by Msgr. G. Polvara (v.) in October 1921 with the twofold aim of preparing Christian artists…
Superior, Diocese of (SUPERIOR, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 952
SUPERIOR, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the State of Wisconsin (United States). The diocese of S. was erected on 3 May 1905 by the dismemberment of the…
Superioren-Vereinigung Vol. XI, p. 952
SUPERIOREN-VEREINIGUNG. – Association of the Major Superiors (abbots and provincials) of the Orders and clerical Congregations of Germany whose members worked…
Superman (Ger. Übermensch) (SUPERUOMO (TED. ÜBERMENSCH)) Vol. XI, p. 955
SUPERUOMO (German Übermensch). – A term coined to indicate a conception of humanity superior to its normal or typical form, but free from whatever appears weak…
Supernatural Adoption (ADOZIONE SOPRANNATURALE) Vol. I, p. 217
SUPERNATURAL ADOPTION. - Among the hagiographers of the New Testament, only s. Paul uses the juridical term a. (υλοθεσία), elevating its meaning to the…
Supernatural Beatitude (BEATITUDINE SOPRANNATURALE) Vol. II, p. 646
BEATITUDINE SOPRANNATURALE: v. VISIONE BEATIFICA.
Supernatural Gifts And Original Justice (DONI SOPRANNATURALI E GIUSTIZIA ORIGINALE) Vol. IV, p. 1082
SUPERNATURAL GIFTS AND ORIGINAL JUSTICE. — I. NOTIONS. — All Catholic theologians admit that the state of original justice, that is, Adam’s state of innocence…
Supernatural, Order of the (SOPRANNATURALE, ORDINE) Vol. XI, p. 581
SUPERNATURAL, ORDER OF. - I. TERMINOLOGY AND HISTORY. - According to the common doctrine currently upheld in the Church, it is a truth of faith (Council of…
Superstition (SUPERSTIZIONE) Vol. XI, p. 953
SUPERSTITION. — From Lat. superstitio (cf. the Greek ἐκαταχύς), “to stand outside or above,” in religious ethnology it designates the state of isolation from…
Supper (CENA) Vol. III, p. 752
CENA : v. BANCHETTO.
Supplication (SUPPLICA) Vol. XI, p. 955
SUPPLICA. - As a diplomatic term, it is the petition addressed to the sovereign in order to obtain a gracious concession. Concessions of various kinds made by…
Supreme Being (ESSERE SUPREMO) Vol. V, p. 387
ESSERE SUPREMO : V. DIO.
Supreme Order of Christ (SUPREMO ORDINE DEL CRISTO) Vol. XI, p. 956
SUPREMO ORDINE DEL CRISTO: v. ORDINI EQUESTRI PONTIFICI.
Supreme Pontiff (SOMMO PONTEFICE) Vol. XI, p. 577
SOMMO PONTEFICE: v. PAPA.
Supreme Sacred Congregation Of The Holy Office (SANT'UFFIZIO, SUPREMA SACRA CONGREGAZIONE DEL) Vol. X, p. 1115
SANT'UFFIZIO, SUPREMA SACRA CONGREGAZIONE del: v. CONGREGAZIONI ROMANE, SACRE, II. Le singole C. in particolare.
Sur (Heb. Šûr "Wall") (SUR (EBR. ŠÛR « MURAGLIA »)) Vol. XI, p. 956
SUR (Heb. Šûr “wall”). - Desert traversed by the Israelites during three days’ march after the crossing of the Red Sea (Ex. 15, 22), called in Num. 33, 8 the…
Sura Vol. XI, p. 956
SURA. – A Mesopotamian city, on the left bank of the Euphrates, opposite Callinicus in Osroene, at the beginning of the strata diocletiana, which from S. led…
Surabaya, Apostolic Vicariate of (SURABAIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. XI, p. 957
SURABAIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO of — Situated in the eastern part of the island of Java, Indonesia, it comprises the civil districts of S., Kendiri, Rembang,…
Suretyship (FIDEIUSSIONE) Vol. V, p. 749
FIDEIUSSIONE. – Contract by which one party, binding himself personally toward the creditor, guarantees to him the performance of an obligation of another. In…
Surgical Psychotherapy (Psychosurgery) (PSICOTERAPIA CHIRURGICA (PSICOCHIRURGIA)) Vol. X, p. 173
SURGICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY (PSYCHOSURGERY). — One of the most recent branches of modern medicine; it comprises a whole series of neurosurgical procedures intended…
Suriano, Francesco Vol. XI, p. 957
SURIANO, FRANCESCO - Scholar of Palestine, known for the Treatise on the Holy Land and the East, b. in Venice in 1450, d. after 1529. He went to sea from…
Surigao, Diocese of (SURIGAO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 957
SURIGAO, DIOCESE of - City and diocese in the province of Surigao and Agusan in the Philippine Islands. It has an area of 29,770 sq. km., with a population of…
Surin (Seurin), Jean-Joseph Vol. XI, p. 958
SURIN (SEURIN), JEAN-JOSEPH. – Jesuit spiritual writer, born on 29 February 1600 at Bordeaux, died there on 22 April 1665. Of a prosperous family, he was…
Surio (Sauer), Laurentius Vol. XI, p. 958
SURIO (SAUER), LAURENTIUS. – Carthusian writer, born in Lübeck in 1522, died on 23 May 1578 in Cologne. As a student at Frankfurt an der Oder, he returned to…
Surplus Value (PLUSVALORE) Vol. IX, p. 984
PLUSVALORE: v. VALORE.
Surrealism (SUPERREALISMO) Vol. XI, p. 953
SUPERREALISMO: v. ORESTANO, FRANCESCO.
Surrealism (SURREALISMO) Vol. XI, p. 959
SURREALISMO. — French literary and artistic movement. The term « surrealist » first appears as the subtitle of a drama by G. Apollinaire, Les mammelles de…
Surya Vol. XI, p. 959
SURYA: v. VEDA E VEDISMO. (from A. T. Olmsted, History of the Persian Empire, Chicago 1918, tav. 2) SUSA - Aerial view. (from A. T. Olmsted, History of the…
Susa Vol. XI, p. 959
SUSA — Capital of Elam (v.). The very ancient Šūfan (“lily” or “whiteness”), situated at the southern foot of the mountain range of present-day Luristán, has…
Susa, Diocese of (SUSA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 960
SUSA, DIOCESI di – Arch erected by King Cozio I in honor of Augustus in 9 B.C. – Susa. having arrived from Jerusalem, the sad news concerning the failure to…
Susanna Vol. XI, p. 961
SUSANNA. – Protagonist of a narrative belonging to the complex of biographical traditions concerning the prophet Daniele (v.), daughter of Helcia (whom it is…
Susanna, Saint, Martyr (SUSANNA, SANTA, MARTIRE) Vol. XI, p. 962
SUSANNA, saint, martyr. - She is commemorated in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum on 11 August, but her memorial is not, as usual, connected with a cemetery,…
Suscipe, Domine, Universam Meam Libertatem Vol. XI, p. 962
« SUSCIPE, DOMINE, UNIVERSAM MEAM LIBERTATEM ». - Prayer included among the « Orationes pro opportunitate dicendae » of the Roman Breviary under the title…
Suso, Heinrich, Blessed (SUSO, HEINRICH, BEATO) Vol. XI, p. 963
SUSO, HEINRICH, blessed. – Spiritual writer and preacher, Dominican, born on 23 March 1295 (Bihlemeyer) or around 1300 (Gröber) at Constance, died on 25…
Suspension (SOSPENSIONE) Vol. XI, p. 595
SUSPENSION. — It is a strictly ecclesiastical penalty by which clerics are deprived of the exercise of certain rights pertaining to their office or benefice,…
Suspicion (SUSPICIONE) Vol. XI, p. 964
SUSPICIONE. – Suspicio, s., suspicion generally indicate a doubt or judgment, not entirely proven but founded on serious indications, concerning some fact. In…
Suspicion and Rash Judgment (SOSPETTO E GIUDIZIO TEMERARIO) Vol. XI, p. 596
SOSPETTO and GIUDIZIO TEMERARIO. — When speaking of malevolent thoughts concerning the honesty of one’s neighbor, the terms rash judgment, rash opinion, rash…
Sutri, Diocese of (SUTRI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 966
SUTRI, DIOCESE of. — In Latium, in the province of Viterbo, it is united with that of Nepi (v.). S., of Etruscan origin and called “Sutrium” by the Romans,…
Sutter, Fedele Vol. XI, p. 966
SUTTER, FEDELE. - Archbishop, born at Ferrara on 16 March 1796, died there on 30 Aug. 1883. He entered the Capuchin Order on 4 Oct. 1816; he was lector and…
Suárez, Francisco Vol. XI, p. 888
SUÁREZ, FRANCISCO. - Jesuit theologian and philosopher, called the Doctor Eximius, born at Granada on 5 Jan. 1548, died at Lisbon on 25 Sept. 1617. I. LIFE. -…
Suñol, Ramon Gregorio Maria Vol. XI, p. 923
SUÑOL, RAMON GREGORIO MARIA. – Benedictine abbot and Gregorianist, born in Barcelona on 7 September 1879, died in Rome on 26 October 1946. The motu proprio of…
Svetlov, Pavel Jakovlevič Vol. XI, p. 967
SVETLOV, PAVEL JAKOVLEVIČ. — Archpriest, one of the most important recent Russian theologians, born in 1861. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, there is no…
Swabians (SVEVI) Vol. XI, p. 968
SVEVI. — The name Suebi is attributed by classical writers to more than one Germanic tribe, and at other times alternates with other names, especially that of…
Swastika (SVASTIKA) Vol. XI, p. 967
SVASTIKA: v. CROCE. VIII. La croce nell'archeologia.
Swaziland, Apostolic Vicariate of (SWAZILAND, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. XI, p. 1005
SWAZILAND, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - In South African territory under British protection, enclosed between the Transvaal and Mozambique. The first two Servite…
Sweden (SVEZIA) Vol. XI, p. 969
SVEZIA. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - The largest (450,000 sq. km.) of the Scandinavian countries; the fourth, in area, among European countries (v. cartina alla voce…
Swedenborg, Emanuel (SWEDENBORG (SVENDBERG), EMANUEL) Vol. XI, p. 1005
SWEDENBORG (SVENDBERG), EMANUEL. – Protestant theosophist and founder of the sect of the “Swedenborgians” or “Church of the New Jerusalem,” b. in Stockholm on…
Swetchine, Anne-Sophie (SWJETSCHIN, ANNE-SOPHIE) Vol. XI, p. 1011
SWJETSCHIN, ANNE-SOPHIE. — Russian convert, born in Moscow on 22 November 1782, died in Paris on 9 September 1857. Of the noble Sojmonoff family, she was a…
Swift, Jonathan Vol. XI, p. 1006
SWIFT, JONATHAN. — Irish writer, born in Dublin on 30 November 1667, died there on 19 October 1745. Although he had received orders in the Anglican Church, he…
Swinburne, Algernon Charles (SWINBURNE ALGERNON, CHARLES) Vol. XI, p. 1006
SWINBURNE ALGERNON, CHARLES. – English poet, born in London on 5 April 1837, died at Putney Hill on 10 April 1909. He made his debut by publishing the two…
Swiss Society for Foreign Missions of Bethlehem (SOCIETÀ SVIZZERA PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI BETLEMME) Vol. XI, p. 527
SWISS SOCIETY FOR THE FOREIGN MISSIONS OF BETHLEHEM. – The Bethlehem Missionary House in Immensee was founded in 1896 by Fr. Barral. Its purpose was to provide…
Swithun, Saint (SWITHUN, SANTO) Vol. XI, p. 1011
SWITHUN, saint. — Biographers maintain a prudent reserve concerning his life. According to some, he became bishop of Winchester after 837; according to others,…
Switzerland (SVIZZERA) Vol. XI, p. 984
SWITZERLAND. - The smallest (41,295 km²) of the States bordering Italy, located in that strip of Central Europe enclosed between the Jura and the Alpine arc.…
Swoboda, Heinrich Vol. XI, p. 1011
SWOBODA, HEINRICH. - Theologian, born on 28 June 1861 in Vienna, died there on 7 May 1923. Professor of pastoral theology and catechetics at the University of…
Sybel, Heinrich von Vol. XI, p. 1011
SYBEL, HEINRICH von. - German historian, b. 2 Dec. 1817 in Düsseldorf, d. 1 Aug. 1895 in Marburgo. He was professor at Bonn in 1844, at Marburgo in 1846, at…
Sydney, Archdiocese of (SYDNEY, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. XI, p. 1011
SYDNEY, ARCHDIOCESE of. – It is situated on the eastern coast of the State of New South Wales in Australia (v.). Following the initial development of…
Syllabus (SILLABO) Vol. XI, p. 361
SILLABO. — List of 80 propositions concerning the errors of the age, published by Pius IX on 8 December 1864. I. HISTORY. — The first idea of the S. goes back…
Syllogism (SILLOGISMO) Vol. XI, p. 365
SILLOGISM. — From the Greek οὐν-λόγος, λογισμός, it indicates a connection of ideas, discourse. The term, already used by Plato (Theaet., 189 d; Phil., 41 c),…
Sylvester I, Pope (SILVESTRO I, PAPA) Vol. XI, p. 371
SILVESTRO I, PAPA, santo - S. S. presents to Constantine, still afflicted with leprosy, the icon of SS. Peter and Paul who had appeared to him in a dream.…
Symbiosis (SIMBIOSI) Vol. XI, p. 373
SIMBIOSI. — From the Greek σύν (= together) and βλω (= life). This term, introduced by A. de Bary in 1879, denotes the intimate and constant association of two…
Symbol and Symbolism (SIMBOLO E SIMBOLISMO) Vol. XI, p. 376
SYMBOL and SYMBOLISM. — From αὐv = “with, together” and βάδω = “I throw,” with the meaning of “to put together,” to bring objects and ideas close to one…
Symbolic Actions (AZIONI SIMBOLICHE) Vol. II, p. 367
AZIONI SIMBOLICHE: v. SIMBOLO.
Symbolic Logic (LOGICA SIMBOLICA) Vol. VII, p. 892
LOGICA SIMBOLICA. – This is the study of formal logic by means of symbols, also called ideographic logic, mathematical logic, or logistic. Already in Aristotle…
Symbols of Protestant Faith (SIMBOLI DI FEDE PROTESTANTI) Vol. XI, p. 376
SIMBOLI DI FEDE PROTESTANTI: v. CONFESSIONI DI FEDE PROTESTANTI.
Symbols of the Faith (SIMBOLI DELLA FEDE) Vol. XI, p. 374
SYMBOLS OF THE FAITH. — Formulas that express the truths of the faith in summary form. I. NOTION. — The word « s. », if derived from the Greek σύμβολον, means…
Symeon Metaphrastes (Logothete) (SIMEONE METAFRASTE (LOGOTHETA)) Vol. XI, p. 386
SIMEONE METAFRASTE (Logotheta). — Hagiographer of the 10th century. He is the author of a large collection of hagiographical legends, compiled between 961 and…
Symeon the New Theologian (SIMEONE IL NUOVO TEOLOGO) Vol. XI, p. 386
SIMEONE il NUOVO TEOLOGO. - A noted Byzantine mystical author, born ca. 949 at Galatai in Paphlagonia, died on 12 March 1022; he is venerated as a saint by…
Symmachus (Q. Aurelius Symmachus) (SIMMACO (Q. AURELIUS SYMMACUS)) Vol. XI, p. 388
SIMMACO (Q. Aurelius Symmacus). — Rhetorician and politician, born in Rome in 345, died in 405, he was one of the most prominent figures of moribund Roman…