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1,014 articles · English index · Indice italiano

Liddon, Henry Parry Vol. VII, p. 803
LIDDON, HENRY PARRY. – Anglican canon of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London and preacher, born at North Stoneham (Hampshire) on 20 August 1829, died at…
Lidwina (Lidwige), Blessed (LIDWINA (LIDWIGE), BEATA) Vol. VII, p. 803
LIDWINA (LIDWIGE), blessed. - B. at Schiedam (Holland) in 1380, d. there on 14 April 1433. From her earliest childhood she showed signs of special devotion to…
Lie (MENZOGNA) Vol. VIII, p. 425
MENZOGNA. — From the Latin mentitio-onis, that is, a false assertion. With regard to the question of the nature and morality of lying, the opinions of scholars…
Liebaert, Paul Vol. VII, p. 803
LIEBAERT, PAUL. - Palaeographer, b. at Courtrai (Belgium), 24 Sept. 1883; d. at Pallanza, 25 Aug. 1915. Doctor of philosophy and theology, graduate of the…
Lieber, Ernst Maria Vol. VII, p. 803
LIEBER, ERNST MARIA. – German statesman, born at Camberg (Nassau) on 16 November 1838, died there on 31 March 1902. He studied philosophy and law. In 1870 he…
Lieber, Maurizio Vol. VII, p. 804
LIEBER, MAURIZIO. — Politician and publicist, born in Blankenheim on 1 October 1790, died in Kamberg on 29 December 1860. In 1831 he published in Frankfurt a…
Liebermann, Bruno Franz Leopold Vol. VII, p. 804
LIEBERMANN, BRUNO FRANZ LEOPOLD. — Head of the theological school of Mainz, born at Molsheim (Alsace) on 12 October 1759, died at Strasbourg on 11 November…
Liechtenstein Vol. VII, p. 804
LIECHTENSTEIN. – A small State (159 sq. km.) enclosed between the frontier of Austria (Vorarlberg) and that of Switzerland (S. Gallo and Grigioni). Capital:…
Liechtenstein, Alois von Vol. VII, p. 805
LIECHTENSTEIN, ALOIS von. – Opponent of liberalism, leader of the Catholic social movement in Austria, b. 18 November 1846 in Praga, d. 25 March 1920 in…
Lied Vol. VII, p. 805
LIED. – A song in the German vernacular that arose, in the first centuries after the year 1000, with the development of the individual national languages. It…
Liegi, Diocese of (LIEGI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 805
LIEGI, DIOCESI of. — Diocese and capital city of the province of the same name in Belgium. It has an area of 6,283 sq. km., with 1,423,297 inhabitants, of whom…
Liepāja, Diocese of (LIEPAJA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 806
LIEPAJA, DIOCESI di. — City and diocese in Latvia. It has an area of 26,830 sq km and a population of 592,028 inhabitants, of whom 89,677 are Catholics, with…
Lietzmann, Hans Vol. VII, p. 806
LIETZMANN, HANS. — Protestant theologian, b. in 1875, d. in 1942. A disciple of the classical philologists H. Usener and Fr. Bücheler. This background in…
Lievens, Constantin Vol. VII, p. 806
LIEVENS, CONSTANTIN. - Jesuit, missionary, called the “Xavier of Chota-Nagpur,” b. at Moorslede (Flanders) on 11 Apr. 1856, d. at Louvain on 7 Nov. 1893.…
Life (VITA) Vol. XII, p. 946
LIFE. - I. PHILOSOPHY. - 1. Notions. In contemporary philosophical language, life (v.) strictly denotes "a set of phenomena (particularly: nutrition and…
Ligamen Vol. VII, p. 806
LIGAMEN. – A diriment impediment that prevents the valid and licit celebration of marriage by one who is bound by a previous valid marriage, even if it has not…
Liguria Vol. VII, p. 807
LIGURIA. – I. GEOGRAPHY. – Among the Italian regions, it is the least extensive (5,411 sq. km), but one of the most densely populated and economically…
Lilienfeld Vol. VII, p. 813
LILIENFELD. — Cistercian abbey in Lower Austria, diocese of St. Pölten; it has pastoral care of 17 incorporated parishes. Leopold VI, duke of Austria, founded…
Lilith (LİLİTH) Vol. VII, p. 813
LİLİTH. - A female demon, mentioned only once in the Bible (Isaiah 34:14), alongside the monsters and animals that will inhabit the earth on the "day of…
Lilla, Diocese of (LILLA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 814
LILLA, DIOCESE of. – Diocese and capital city of the département du Nord in France. It has an area of approximately 2,288 sq km and 1,077,399 inhabitants. The…
Lilybaeum (LILIBEO) Vol. VII, p. 813
LILIBEO. — Ancient diocese of Sicily, now Marsala in the province of Trapani. The date at which Bishop Gregorio lived is uncertain; he is remembered as a…
Lima, Archdiocese of (LIMA, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 815
LIMA, ARCHDIOCESE of. – Archdiocese and capital city of Peru in South America. It has an area of 34,168 sq. km., with 1,031,000 inhabitants, of whom 842,000…
Limbo Vol. VII, p. 815
LIMBO. – From the Latin limbus (= hem, edge, border), it is the place and state of the souls who, having not deserved hell, could not, before the Redemption,…
Limburg, Diocese of (LIMBURGO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 817
LIMBURG, Diocese of. - City and diocese of Germany. The diocese comprises the Duchy of Nassau and the city of Frankfurt, to which were added in 1884 the…
Limerick, Diocese of (LIMERICK, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 818
LIMERICK, DIOCESE of. - Diocese and capital city of the county of the same name in Eire. It comprises most of the county of L. and a small portion of that of…
Limina Apostolorum Vol. VII, p. 818
LIMINA APOSTOLORUM. - All residential bishops are obliged, at fixed periodic times, to visit and venerate the tombs (limina) of the Apostles and to present…
Limite Vol. VII, p. 823
LIMITE. — The l. (Greek πέρας, Latin terminus, German Grenze) is defined by Aristotle as “the extreme point of a thing: that first point, that is, beyond which…
Limoeiro, Diocese of (LIMOEIRO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 823
LIMOEIRO, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Over an area of approximately 20,000 sq km, the diocese has 295,000 inhabitants, of…
Limoges, Diocese of (LIMOGES, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 823
LIMOGES, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the departments of Haute-Vienne and Creuse. It has an area of 11,085 sq. km. and a population of 522,442…
Limón, Apostolic Vicariate of (LIMON, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. VII, p. 825
LIMON, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di. — In Costarica. The mission of L. was promoted in 1880 by the second bishop of S. Giuseppe di Costarica, Msgr. Augusto Thiel,…
Linares, Diocese of (LINARES, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 825
LINARES, DIOCESI di: v. MONTERREY, DIOCESI di.
Linares, Diocese of (LINARES, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 825
LINARES, DIOCESI of. – Diocese and capital city of the eponymous province in Chile. The diocese, now covering an area of 12,380 sq. km, has 161,371…
Lincoln, Abraham Vol. VII, p. 825
LINCOLN, ABRAHAM. – American statesman, born at Big South Fork (Kentucky) on 12 February 1809, died at Washington on 15 April 1865. Of extremely humble origin,…
Lincoln, Diocese of (LINCOLN, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 825
LINCOLN, DIOCESI di. — City and diocese in the State of Nebraska (U.S.A.), comprising the part of the State of Nebraska situated south of the Platte River. It…
Lindane (Latinized from Van der Linden or Lind), Wilhelm (LINDANO (LATINIZZATO DA VAN DER LINDEN O LIND), WILHELM) Vol. VII, p. 825
LINDANO (latinized from Van der Linden or Lind), WILHELM. - Polemicist, born in Dordrecht in 1525, died in Ghent on Nov. 2, 1588. In 1554 he became a professor…
Linde, Justin Timotheus Balthasar Vol. VII, p. 826
LINDE, JUSTIN TIMOTHEUS BALTHASAR. - German jurist and statesman, b. 7 Aug. 1797 at Brilon (Westphalia), d. 9 June 1870 at Bonn. Extraordinary professor of law…
Lindisfarne Vol. VII, p. 826
LINDISFARNE. – Islet in the North Sea, today called Holy Island (Santa Island). At the invitation of King Oswald, St. Aidano, a monk and later bishop of Jona,…
Lindsay, Wallace Martin Vol. VII, p. 826
LINDSAY, WALLACE MARTIN. - Palaeographer and philologist, b. at Pittenweem, Scotland, 12 Feb. 1858; d. at St. Andrews, 21 Feb. 1937. He studied at Edinburgh,…
Lingard, John Vol. VII, p. 827
LINGARD, JOHN. - English polemicist and historian, b. at Winchester on 5 Feb. 1771, d. at Horbny on 17 July 1851. Ordained priest at York, he taught at…
Lingayen, Diocese of (LINGAYEN, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 827
LINGAYEN, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the Philippine Islands, suffragan of Manila. It extends over 9,567 sq. km. and has 1,263,456 inhabitants, of whom…
Linguistics (LINGUISTICA) Vol. VII, p. 833
LINGUISTICS. — Language is a complex activity in which physical, psychic, and spiritual factors concur in so harmonious and demanding a manner as to make it…
Linnaeus (Linné), Carl (LINNEUS (LINNÉ), KARL) Vol. VII, p. 837
LINNEUS (LINNÉ), KARL. VON. - Born at Råshult (Sweden) on 13 May 1707 and died at Uppsala on 10 Jan. 1778. Of humble origins, he inherited from his father a…
Linneborn, Johannes Vol. VII, p. 836
LINNEBORN, JOHANNES. - German ecclesiastical historian, b. 5 March 1867 at Hagen (Westphalia), d. 22 Jan. 1933 at Paderborn. Ordained priest in 1892, he taught…
Lino da Parma Vol. VII, p. 837
LINO da PARMA. — Of the Friars Minor, born at Spalato (Dalmatia) on 30 Aug. 1866, died at Parma on 14 May 1924. His adopted homeland was Parma, where he first…
Lintsing, Apostolic Prefecture of (LINTSING, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI) Vol. VII, p. 837
LINTSING, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. – In the province of Shantung (north-eastern China). It was erected on 5 April 1931 with 13 civil subprefectures detached…
Lintung, Apostolic Prefecture of (LINTUNG, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI) Vol. VII, p. 837
LINTUNG, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In western Manchuria. It was erected on 18 May 1937, with 7 civil subprefectures, detached from the apostolic vicariate of…
Linus, Pope Saint (LINO, PAPA, SANTO) Vol. VII, p. 837
LINO, POPE, saint. - According to the testimony of all the most ancient and trustworthy sources, he was the first successor of the Apostles on the Roman See.…
Linz, Diocese of (LINZ, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 838
LINZ, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese in Austria; it comprises the federal state of Upper Austria, 12,447 sq. km, with 1,042,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Lipa, Diocese of (LIPA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 848
LIPA, DIOCESI di. — In the Philippine Islands. It has an area of 5,159 sq. km, with 816,528 inhabitants, of whom 731,679 are Catholics. It comprises 70…
Lipari, Diocese of (LIPARI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 848
LIPARI, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese on the island of the same name in the Aeolian Archipelago. The diocese is suffragan to Messina and has 20,000…
Lipoveni Vol. VII, p. 849
LIPOVENI. - Romanian name for a sect of Russian «old believers» or «raskolniki» who rejected the ritual reforms for which the Patriarch Nikon of Moscow had…
Lippi, Filippino Vol. VII, p. 849
LIPPI, FILIPPINO. – Born in Prato between August 1457 and May 1458, to Filippo L. and Lucrezia Buti; died in Florence on 18 April 1504. He was raised in his…
Lippi, Filippo Vol. VII, p. 849
LIPPI, FILIPPO. — Painter, born in Florence ca. 1406, died in Spoleto on 8 or 10 October 1469. He was a Carmelite in Florence, where he remained until 1432,…
Lippi, Franco, Blessed (LIPPI, FRANCO, BEATO) Vol. VII, p. 850
LIPPI, FRANCO, blessed. — A Carmelite, better known by the name Franco di Siena, born on 3 December 1211 at Grotti (near Siena), died on 11 December 1291 at…
Lippomano, Luigi Vol. VII, p. 850
LIPPOMANO, LUIGI. — Bishop, born in Venice in 1500, died in Rome on 15 Aug. 1559. In July 1542 Paul III sent him as nuncio to Portugal, with the task of…
Lipsanotheca (LIPSANOTECA) Vol. VII, p. 853
LIPSANOTECA. — From the Greek λεβήσιον, “remains, relic,” with reference to the relics of the saints, and θήκη, “container”; hence, “reliquary, relic case.”…
Lipsius, Justus (Iustus Lipsius, Latinized from Joost Lips) (LIPSIO, GIUSTO (IUSTUS LIPSIUS, LATINIZZATO DA JOOST LIPS)) Vol. VII, p. 853
LIPSIO, GIUSTO (Iustus Lipsius, Latinized from Joost Lips). — Flemish humanist and writer, born at Overyssche, near Brussels, on 18 October 1547 to a Catholic…
Lira, Lirano Vol. VII, p. 853
LIRA, LIRANO: V. NICOLÒ DI LIRA.
Lisala, Apostolic Vicariate of (LISALA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. VII, p. 853
LISALA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - In the Belgian Congo, entrusted to the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Scheut Missionaries). It was erected on…
Lisbon, Patriarchate of (LISBONA, PATRIARCATO DI) Vol. VII, p. 853
LISBON, PATRIARCHATE OF. - In Portugal. It has an area of 15,000 sq. km. with 1,621,500 inhabitants, of whom 1,297,000 are Catholics. It has 324 parishes, 348…
Lishui, Diocese of (LISHUI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 854
LISHUI, DIOCESE of. - In the civil province of Chekiang, in central-eastern China. It was erected as an apostolic prefecture, under the name of Chuchow, on 2…
Lisieux Vol. VII, p. 855
LISIEUX. — Ancient diocese and shrine, capital of an arrondissement in Calvados, in northern France (Normandy). Noviomagus of the Romans, capital of the…
Lismore, Diocese of (LISMORE, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 856
LISMORE, DIOCESI di: v. WATERFORD E LISMORE, DIOCESI di.
Lismore, Diocese of (LISMORE, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 856
LISMORE, DIOCESE of. - It is located in the State of New South Wales in Australia and was erected on 10 May 1887 under the name of Grafton, its territory being…
Lissa, Diocese of (LISSA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 856
LISSA, DIOCESI di: v. LESINA, DIOCESI di.
Listeners (ASCOLTANTI) Vol. II, p. 89
ASCOLTANTI: v. PENITENZA.
Liszt, Franz Vol. VII, p. 856
LISZT, FRANZ. — Musician, born at Raiding (Hungary) on 22 October 1811, died at Bayreuth on 31 July 1886. He displayed an exceptionally early aptitude for the…
Litanies (LITANIE) Vol. VII, p. 857
LITANIES. — I. GENERALITIES. — The word (from λιτανεία, “prayer”) has the general sense of prayer, and even more specifically that of supplication or…
Literary Genres (in the Bible) (GENERI LETTERARI (NELLA BIBBIA)) Vol. V, p. 1185
LITERARY GENRES (IN THE BIBLE). — Sacred exegesis, whose “supreme norm is to discern and establish what the writer intends to say” (encyc. Div. affl. Sp.),…
Literary Property (PROPRIETÀ LETTERARIA) Vol. X, p. 111
LITERARY PROPERTY. — The “most sacred and most precious of properties” was first legally recognized by a decree of the French National Assembly concerning…
Lithography (LITOGRAFIA) Vol. VII, p. 860
LITHOGRAPHY. – From the Greek λίθος (“stone”) and γραφία (“writing”). It generically indicates any engraving (writing, drawing, figure, etc.) made on stone…
Litholatry (LITOLATRIA) Vol. VII, p. 860
LITOLATRIA: v. PIETRA, CULTO della.
Lithostrotos (LITHÓSTROTOS) Vol. VII, p. 860
LITHÓSTROTOS. – A Greek term (“stone layer,” “pavement”) corresponding to the Aramaic Gabbatha (“elevated place,” “height”), by which Io. 19:13 designates the…
Lithuania (LITUANIA) Vol. VII, p. 861
LITUANIA. — Baltic republic, which proclaimed its independence from the Russian Empire on 16 February 1918 and was annexed, as a federated republic, to the…
Litigation Pending (LITE PENDENTE) Vol. VII, p. 859
LIS PENDENS. — I. CONCEPT. — In the ordinary legal sense, the concept of l. p., or lis pendens, signifies the existence of proceedings in progress, that is, a…
Litoměřice, Diocese of (LEITMERITZ, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 663
LEITMERITZ, DIOCESI di: v. LITOMERICE, DIOCESI di.
Litta, Alfonso Vol. VII, p. 861
LITTA, ALFONSO. – A Milanese patrician of the Litta-Visconti-Arese family. Archbishop of Milan from May 1652; cardinal from 15 February 1666. He took great…
Litta, Lorenzo Vol. VII, p. 861
LITTA, LORENZO. - Cardinal, b. in Milano on 23 February 1756, d. at Monte Flavio in Sabina on 1 May 1820. He studied in Rome, at the Collegio Clementino, and…
Litta, Pompeo Vol. VII, p. 861
LITTA, POMPEO. — Milanese historian, b. 24 Sept. 1781, d. at Limido (Como) on 17 Aug. 1852. He took part at a very young age in various Napoleonic battles…
Little Brothers of Mary (PICCOLI FRATELLI DI MARIA) Vol. IX, p. 812
PICCOLI FRATELLI DI MARIA – House of Hermitage in 1939. Pernet (v.) and Mother Maria Antonietta di Gesù (Fage), for the free education of workers and their…
Little Brothers of Mary (Marist Brothers of the Schools) (PICCOLI FRATELLI DI MARIA (FRATELLI MARISTI DELLE SCUOLE)) Vol. IX, p. 812
PICCOLI FRATELLI DI MARIA (FRATELLI MARISTI DELLE SCUOLE). — A male lay institute whose purpose is the instruction and education of youth in boarding schools…
Little Company of Mary (PICCOLA COMPAGNIA DI MARIA) Vol. IX, p. 805
PICCOLA COMPAGNIA DI MARIA. – Founded in Nottingham in 1877 by Maria Potter, with the assistance of Bishop Mons. Bogshawe. On 31 May 1886, the Sacred…
Little Daughters of Saint Joseph (PICCOLE FIGLIE DI SAN GIUSEPPE) Vol. IX, p. 806
PICCOLE FIGLIE DI SAN GIUSEPPE. – A religious congregation founded in Montréal on 26 April 1857 by the Sulpician priest Antonio Mercier. On 20 September 1897…
Little Daughters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (PICCOLE FIGLIE DEI SACRI CUORI DI GESÙ E MARIA) Vol. IX, p. 806
PICCOLE FIGLIE DEI SACRI CUORI DI GESÙ e MARIA. – Institute founded in Parma in 1865 by Anna Micheli, with the cooperation of Mons. Agostino Chieppi. On 8…
Little Dominican Sisters of the Child Jesus (PICCOLE SUORE DOMENICANE DEL BAMBINO GESÙ) Vol. IX, p. 812
LITTLE DOMINICAN SISTERS OF THE CHILD JESUS. — Religious congregation founded at St-Nicolas-de-Beaune (diocese of Dijon, France) by the parish priest Vittore…
Little Flowers Of Saint Francis (FIORETTI DI SAN FRANCESCO) Vol. V, p. 833
FIORETTI DI SAN FRANCESCO. – The complete title, according to the manuscripts, would be: Fioretti, miracles and devout examples of the glorious poor man of…
Little Mission for the Deaf (PICCOLA MISSIONE PER I SORDOMUTI) Vol. IX, p. 805
PICCOLA MISSIONE PER I SORDOMUTI. - Religious congregation founded in Bologna in 1890 by the priest brothers Giuseppe and Cesare Gualandi and approved by the…
Little Rock, Diocese of (LITTLE ROCK, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 861
LITTLE ROCK, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the State of Arkansas (U.S.A.). Its boundaries coincide with those of the State of Arkansas. The diocese has an…
Little Servants of B (PICCOLE SERVE DELLA B) Vol. IX, p. 806
PICCOLE SERVE DELLA B. M. V. IMMACOLATA DEL TERZORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO. – Founded in the diocese of Warsaw in the nineteenth century. They received the decree…
Little Servants of the Immaculate Conception (PICCOLE SERVE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE) Vol. IX, p. 806
LITTLE SERVANTS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. - In 1850, in western Poland, Edmondo Bojanowski gathered several pious women in one of his houses and entrusted…
Little Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (PICCOLE SERVE DEL SACRATISSIMO CUORE DI GESÙ) Vol. IX, p. 806
PICCOLE SERVE DEL SACRATISSIMO CUORE DI GESÙ. – Religious institute founded in Kraków in 1894 by Canon G. Sebastiano Pelzar, later bishop of Premislia. Its…
Little Servants of the Sacred Heart (PICCOLE ANCELLE DEL SACRO CUORE) Vol. IX, p. 806
PICCOLE ANCELLE DEL SACRO CUORE. – Congregation founded in 1916 by Bishop Liviero of Città di Castello. Purpose: to receive orphans and abandoned children,…
Little Servants of the Sacred Heart Missionary Catechists of the Blacks of Africa (PICCOLE SERVE DEL SACRO CUORE MISSIONARIE CATECHISTE DEI NERI DI AFRICA) Vol. IX, p. 811
PICCOLE SERVE DEL SACRO CUORE MISSIONARIE CATECHISTE DEI NERI DI AFRICA. — It originated in Mentone through the sisters Alice and Maria Teresa Munet, following…
Little Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (PICCOLE SERVE DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ) Vol. IX, p. 811
PICCOLE SERVE DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ. – Founded in Turin in 1875 by Anna Michelotti of Annecy. The decree of praise and the first approval of the…
Little Sisters of Divine Providence (PICCOLE SUORE DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA) Vol. IX, p. 811
LITTLE SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE. - Founded in 1899 at Alessandria by Teresa Grillo-Michel, inspired by a visit to the Piccola Casa of s. G. B. Cottolengo…
Little Sisters of Jesus of the Third Order of Saint Francis (PICCOLE SUORE DI GESÙ DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO) Vol. IX, p. 812
PICCOLE SUORE DI GESÙ DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO. – The Institute originated around 1850 at St-Loup (diocese of Lione). It is the fruit of the Christian…
Little Sisters of the Assumption (PICCOLE SUORE DELL'ASSUNZIONE) Vol. IX, p. 811
PICCOLE SUORE DELL'ASSUNZIONE. – They were founded in Paris in 1865 by Fr. Etienne.
Little Sisters of the Holy Family (PICCOLE SUORE DELLA SANTA FAMIGLIA) Vol. IX, p. 811
LITTLE SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY. - An institute founded by Fr. Camillo Lefebvre, of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who in 1874 had summoned several sisters…
Little Sisters of the Poor (PICCOLE SUORE DEI POVERI) Vol. IX, p. 811
LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR. - Giovanna Jugan (b. at Cancalle in France in 1792, d. in 1879), at the beginning of 1839, took into her modest house at St-Servan…
Little Sisters of the Poor of Maiquetía (PICCOLE SUORE DEI POVERI DI MAIQUETIA) Vol. IX, p. 811
PICCOLE SUORE DEI POVERI DI MAIQUETIA. – Founded in 1889 by Fr. G. Machado (Archdiocese of Caracas) and Sister Emilia of St Joseph. Purpose: the care and…
Little Sisters of the Sick (PICCOLE SUORE DEI MALATI) Vol. IX, p. 811
PICCOLE SUORE DEI MALATI. – Founded by the priest G. B. Sevres and Gabriella Adele Raoux at Mauriac (diocese of St-Flour) in 1860. Their purpose is to care for…
Little Sisters of the Worker (PICCOLE SUORE DELL'OPERAIO) Vol. IX, p. 812
LITTLE SISTERS OF THE WORKER. - They were founded at Grenoble in 1880 by the Jesuit Fr. Sambin, with the approval of the bishop, Msgr. Fava. The purpose of the…
Little Sunda, Apostolic Vicariate of the Islands of the (PICCOLA SONDA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLE ISOLE DELLA) Vol. IX, p. 805
LESSER SUNDA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of the Islands of. — The territory, called « Kleine Sunda Eilanden », was detached on 16 September 1913 from the Apostolic…
Little Work of Divine Providence (PICCOLA OPERA DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA) Vol. IX, p. 805
PICCOLA OPERA DELLA DIVINA PROVVIDENZA. — Religious congregation, founded at Tortona by d. Luigi Orione. Approved by the bishop in 1903, it received the decree…
Little Workers of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (PICCOLE OPERAIE DEI SACRI CUORI DI GESÙ E MARIA) Vol. IX, p. 806
PICCOLE OPERAIE DEI SACRI CUORI DI GESÙ e MARIA. — Founded at Acri (diocese of Bisignano, Cosenza) by Fr. Francesco Maria Greco (d. 1931) and the devout young…
Littré, Maximilien-Paul-Émile Vol. VII, p. 861
LITTRÉ, MAXIMILIEN-PAUL-ÉMILE. - Writer on science and philosopher, b. in Paris on 1 Feb. 1801, d. there on 2 June 1881. He studied medicine, but did not…
Liturgical Anointing (UNZIONE LITURGICA) Vol. XII, p. 558
LITURGICAL ANOINTING. — This is that performed with holy oils, by which the persons or objects receiving it are separated from the profane sphere to which they…
Liturgical Books (LIBRI LITURGICI) Vol. VII, p. 782
LITURGICAL BOOKS. — This is the name given to books containing the official formulas, together with the corresponding ritual prescriptions or rubrics, for the…
Liturgical Colors (COLORI LITURGICI) Vol. IV, p. 37
LITURGICAL COLORS. — According to the character of the day or occasion of the sacred function, various colors are prescribed for sacred vestments, namely…
Liturgical Ephemerides (EPHEMERIDES LITURGICAE) Vol. V, p. 263
EPHEMERIDES LITURGICAE. — A liturgical journal, originally in Latin, founded in Rome in 1887 by Rev. Calcedonio Mancini of the Mission, with the support of…
Liturgical Language (LINGUA LITURGICA) Vol. VII, p. 831
LITURGICAL LANGUAGE. – Language officially permitted in a given liturgical rite. I. NOTIONS. — The human word, with all its value as a precise expression of…
Liturgical Rotolo (ROTOLO LITURGICO) Vol. X, p. 832
LITURGICAL ROLL. – The liturgical ceremonies of Holy Saturday gave rise in southern Italy to a particular practice: the texts for the blessings of the paschal…
Liturgical Station (STAZIONE LITURGICA) Vol. XI, p. 778
LITURGICAL STATION. – Church in which liturgical services are celebrated on particular occasions. I. GENERAL NOTIONS. - Originally, statio meant the act of…
Liturgy (LITURGIA) Vol. VII, p. 866
LITURGY. - From λῆσον ἔργον = publicum opus (public work). Among the Greeks, it implied the concept of a public work undertaken for the good and in the…
Liudger of Utrecht, Saint, Bishop of Münster (LIUDGERO DI UTRECHT, SANTO, VESCOVO DI MÜNSTER) Vol. VII, p. 873
LIUDGERO of UTRECHT, saint, bishop of MÜNSTER: v. LUDGERO, saint.
Liutgarda, Saint (LIUTGARDA, SANTA) Vol. VII, p. 873
LIUTGARDA, santa: v. LUTGARDA, santa.
Liutprand (LIUTPRANDO) Vol. VII, p. 873
LIUTPRANDO. – Bishop of Cremona, of Lombard family, born in Pavia or its environs in the first decades of the 10th century, died between 971 and 972 during a…
Liutprand, King of the Lombards (LIUTPRANDO, RE DEI LONGOBARDI) Vol. VII, p. 874
LIUTPRANDO, king of the LONGOBARDI. — In 703, Ansprando, during the bitter struggles for succession to the Lombard throne, was forced to flee with his younger…
Liverani, Francesco Vol. VII, p. 875
LIVERANI, FRANCESCO. — Writer and polemicist, born at Castel Bolognese on 22 February 1823, died at Cortona on 28 February 1894. The author of works of sacred…
Liverpool, Archdiocese of (LIVERPOOL, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 875
LIVERPOOL, ARCHDIOCESE of. — City and archdiocese in England; it comprises the south-western part of Lancashire. Of its 2,374,824 inhabitants (1931 census),…
Livingstone, Apostolic Vicariate of (LIVINGSTONE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. VII, p. 876
LIVINGSTONE, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - In Northern Rhodesia. Its territory (the province of Barotseland with the district of L., which properly belongs to…
Livinhac, Léon Vol. VII, p. 876
LIVINHAC, LÉON. - B. on 13 July 1846, he entered the Society of the White Fathers in 1873. Five years later, in 1878, he left Marseilles at the head of the…
Livorno, Diocese of (LIVORNO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 876
LIVORNO, DIOCESI di. – Diocese and chief city of the province of the same name in Tuscany. Within an area of 290 sq. km., it has a population of 165,000, of…
Livrade, Saint (LIVRADE, SANTA) Vol. VII, p. 877
LIVRADE, santa: v. LIBERATA, santa. LJUBLJANA: v. LUBIANA.
Ljubljana (Lubiana), Diocese of (LUBIANA (LJUBLIANA), DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 957
LUBIANA (LJUBLIANA), DIOCESE of. — A diocese in Carniola (Yugoslavia) with 543,306 Catholics and 21,635 members of other religions; it comprises 285 parishes…
Llanas, Eduardo Vol. VII, p. 877
LLANAS, EDUARDO. - Piarist, born at Binéfar (Spain) on 13 Oct. 1843, died at Saragozza on 14 July 1904. He began his activity as an apologist and polemicist in…
Lleida, Diocese of (LERIDA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 720
LERIDA, DIOCESE of. — In Spain, in the province of the same name. The earliest information concerning this diocese (Ilerda) dates from the sixth century, and…
Lo (Lopez), Gregorio Vol. VII, p. 877
LO (LOPEZ), GREGORIO. - Dominican, first native Chinese bishop, b. at Lo-kia-hiang, Fukien province, c. 1611, d. at Nanking 27 Feb. 1691. Baptized in 1633, he…
Lo Pa-hong, Giuseppe Vol. VII, p. 920
LO PA-HONG, GIUSEPPE. - Born in Shanghai on 27 March 1873, he passed the imperial examinations at the age of eighteen and devoted himself to industrial and…
Loan for Use (COMODATO) Vol. IV, p. 68
COMODATO. — It is a contract by which one of the contracting parties (the bailor) delivers to the other (the bailee) a movable or immovable thing, so that the…
Loango, Apostolic Vicariate of (LOANGO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. VII, p. 878
LOANGO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di: v. POINTE NOIRE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di.
Loaysa, Jerónimo de Vol. VII, p. 878
LOAYSA, JERÓNIMO de. — Dominican, first bishop and archbishop of Lima (Peru), born at Trujillo (Estremadura, 1489?), died at Lima on 25 October 1575. He…
Lobeck, Christian August Vol. VII, p. 878
LOBECK, CHRISTIAN AUGUST. - Classical philologist, b. at Naumburg on 5 June 1781; he taught at the University of Königsberg, where he d. on 26 Aug. 1860. He…
Lobo, Alfonso Vol. VII, p. 878
LOBO, ALFONSO. - Spanish preacher of the second half of the 16th century, first a Discalced Friar Minor, then a Capuchin, born at Medina (Andalusia), died at…
Loch, Valentin Vol. VII, p. 881
LOCH, VALENTIN. — Catholic theologian and exegete, born in Bamberg on 24 September 1813, died there on 14 June 1893. He studied theology in Bamberg and Munich.…
Lochner, Stephan Vol. VII, p. 881
LOCHNER, STEPHAN. - German painter, born at Meersburg on Lake Constance; he lived and worked in Cologne, where he is recorded as active from 1442 until his…
Locke, John Vol. VII, p. 881
LOCKE, JOHN. — Philosopher, born on 29 August 1632 at Wrington (Bristol) to a Puritan family, died on 28 October 1704 at Oates (Essex). He studied at…
Lockhart, William Vol. VII, p. 883
LOCKHART, WILLIAM. - Rosminian, born at Varingham (Surrey) on 22 Aug. 1820, died in London on 15 May 1892. At first a convinced Protestant, he felt his faith…
Loculus (LOCULO) Vol. VII, p. 884
LOCULO. - Diminutive of locus, which in classical and Christian funerary terminology (cf. Christian inscriptions with locus, in Diehl [v. op. cit. in bibl.],…
Lodi, Diocese of (LODI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 884
LODI, DIOCESI di. — City and diocese in the province of Milan. Covering an area of approximately 700 sq km, it has 205,491 inhabitants, of whom 205,400 are…
Loggia Vol. VII, p. 886
LOGGIA. — An open gallery on the upper floors of buildings, almost always with arches, more rarely with an architrave. In church architecture it appears as a…
Loggia (LOGIA) Vol. VII, p. 889
LOGIA. – A Greek term (λόγια) that normally indicated in profane literature “sayings, divine oracles” (Herodotus, VIII, 60, 3; Thucydides, II, 8, 2); likewise…
Logic (LOGICA) Vol. VII, p. 889
LOGICA. – It is the science of the structure and processes of thought in relation to their functional validity. SUMMARY: I. Terminology. – II. Nature and…
Logos (Λόγος, Latin Verbum) (LOGOS (ΛΌΓΟΣ, LAT. VERBUM)) Vol. VII, p. 893
LOGOS (λόγος, lat. Verbum). — Title attributed by St. John the Apostle to the Only-Begotten Son of God, made man in the Incarnation (v.). Etymologically, λόγος…
Loher (Loer), Dietrich Vol. VII, p. 895
LOHER (LOER), DIETRICH. — Carthusian, born at Hoogstraeten (Antwerp) around 1490, died in the Carthusian monastery of Würzburg on 26 August 1554. He entered…
Lohner, Tobias Vol. VII, p. 895
LOHNER, TOBIAS. - Jesuit, writer on asceticism and pastoral theology, b. at Neu-Ottingen (Bavaria) on 13 March 1619, d. at Munich on 16 May 1697. For many…
Loisy, Alfred Vol. VII, p. 895
LOISY, ALFRED. — Modernist exegete, born at Ambrières (Haute-Marne) on 28 February 1857, died in Paris on 6 June 1940. In 1874 L. entered the major seminary of…
Loja, Diocese of (LOJA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 896
LOJA, DIOCESE of. - Diocese and capital of the province of the same name, a city in Ecuador. It has an area of 20,000 sq. km., with a population of 180,000…
Lollards (LOLLARDI) Vol. VII, p. 896
LOLLARDI. – I. IN THE NETHERLANDS AND GERMANY. – L. was the name given to the members of a religious confraternity that arose at the beginning of the 14th…
Lolo, Apostolic Prefecture of (LOLO, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI) Vol. VII, p. 901
LOLO, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. – In the Belgian Congo, entrusted to the Order of the Premonstratensians (Tongerloo Abbey in Belgium), erected on 22 February…
Lombard League (LEGA LOMBARDA) Vol. VII, p. 623
LEGA LOMBARDA. — Taking advantage of Federico Barbarossa’s absence, the cities of Cremona, Bergamo, Brescia, Mantua, and Ferrara swore an alliance for mutual…
Lombardi, Alfonso Vol. VII, p. 901
LOMBARDI, ALFONSO. – Sculptor, probably born in Ferrara in 1497, to Niccolò Cittadella of Lucca and Eleonora L.; died in Bologna on 2 December 1537. The native…
Lombardi, Carlo Vol. VII, p. 901
LOMBARDI, CARLO. – Canonist, born in Dronero (Cuneo) on 29 December 1858, died in Rome on 18 December 1908. He completed his ecclesiastical studies at the…
Lombardi, Family (LOMBARDI, FAMIGLIA) Vol. VII, p. 901
LOMBARDI, FAMIGLIA. — A dynasty of architects and sculptors, originating in the Canton of Ticino, whose surname Solari was almost always replaced by the…
Lombardo Radice, Giuseppe Vol. VII, p. 910
LOMBARDO RADICE, GIUSEPPE. — Pedagogist, born in Catania on 28 June 1879, died near Cortina d'Ampezzo on 16 August 1938. At first a teacher in secondary…
Lombardo, Pietro Vol. VII, p. 910
LOMBARDO, PIETRO: v. PIETRO LOMBARDO.
Lombards (LONGOBARDI) Vol. VII, p. 915
LONGOBARDI. — They are considered to belong to the group of the East Germanic peoples. The origin of the name (Langobardi, not Longobardi, as it is commonly…
Lombardy (LOMBARDIA) Vol. VII, p. 902
LOMBARDIA. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - As a natural region, Lombardy encompasses the territory bounded by the crest of the central Alpine zone and the course of the Po…
Lombez, Diocese of (LOMBEZ, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 910
LOMBEZ, DIOCESI di: v. AUCH, DIOCESI di.
Lombroso, Cesare Vol. VII, p. 910
LOMBROSO, CESARE. – Psychiatrist and anthropologist, born in Verona on 6 November 1835, died in Turin on 9 October 1909. He initially devoted himself…
Lomé, Apostolic Vicariate of (LOMÈ, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. VII, p. 910
LOMÈ, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - In the southern part of Togo (French mandate). Before 1860 it belonged to the apostolic vicariate of the Two Guineas, then to…
London (LONDRA) Vol. VII, p. 911
LONDRA. – Capital of Great Britain and metropolis of the Empire, in an eccentric position in relation to the island, it covers an area of approximately 1,800…
London, Diocese of (LONDON, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 911
LONDON, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the province of Ontario (Canada). Erected as a diocese by Pius IX with the brief De Salute Dominici gregis of 21 Feb.…
Long Brothers (FRATELLI LUNGHI) Vol. V, p. 1023
FRATELLI LUNGHI. - Four Egyptian brothers of exceptional stature, monks of Nitria: Dioscoro, Ammonio, Eusebio, Eutimio. Under Valente they suffered…
Longanimity (LONGANIMITÀ) Vol. VII, p. 912
LONGANIMITY. - From the Latin longanimitas, it is one of the potential parts of the cardinal virtue of fortitude and signifies patience prolonged over a long…
Longer, Jacques-Benjamin Vol. VII, p. 912
LONGER, JACQUES-BENJAMIN. - B. at Le Havre (Seine-Inférieure) on 31 May 1752; on 30 Sept. 1774 he entered the Seminary of the Foreign Missions of Paris.…
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Vol. VII, p. 912
LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH. - North American poet, b. 27 Feb. 1807 at Portland (Maine), d. at Cambridge, Massachusetts, on 14 March 1882. He pursued his…
Longford, Diocese of (LONGFORD, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 912
LONGFORD, DIOCESI di: v. ARDAGH, DIOCESI di.
Longhena, Baldassare (LONGHENA, BALDASSARRE) Vol. VII, p. 912
LONGHENA, BALDASSARRE. – Architect, born in Venice in 1598 to a family from Ticino (from Maroggia on Lake Lugano), died there on 18 February 1682. He soon…
Longhi, Family (LONGHI, FAMIGLIA) Vol. VII, p. 913
LONGHI, FAMIGLIA. – Two painters: PIETRO, born in 1702 in Venice, died there on 8 May 1785. After a rather unsuccessful attempt at monumental painting (Palazzo…
Longhin, Andrea Giacinto Vol. VII, p. 913
LONGHIN, ANDREA GIACINTO. - Bishop, born at Campodarsego on 22 Nov. 1853, died at Treviso on 26 June 1936. Having entered the Capuchins in 1879, he was made…
Longilineous (LONGILINEO) Vol. VII, p. 913
LONGILINEAR. – A designation used to indicate a human morphological type in which the developmental proportions of the body are shifted toward the predominance…
Longinus, Saint (LONGINO, SANTO) Vol. VII, p. 914
LONGINO, saint. — Traditional name of the Roman soldier, probably derived from the Greek λάγη, “spear,” who pierced the side of Jesus on Calvary (Io. 19:34).…
Longo, Bartolo Vol. VII, p. 914
LONGO, BARTOLO. — Lawyer, founder of the sanctuary of Pompei, born in Latiano (Brindisi) on 10 February 1841, died in Pompei on 5 October 1926. Shaken in his…
Longo, Francesco Vol. VII, p. 914
LONGO, FRANCESCO. - Capuchin theologian, born at Corigliano Calabro in 1562, died at Rome on 21 Dec. 1625. A religious of the Roman province, he was lecturer…
Longo, Maria Lorenza, Venerable (LONGO, MARIA LORENZA, VENERABILE) Vol. VII, p. 914
LONGO, MARIA LORENZA, venerable. - Foundress of the Capuchin nuns, of Catalan origin, b. at Naples in 1463, d. there on 21 Dec. 1542. Having become a widow,…
Longobardi, Nicolò Vol. VII, p. 920
LONGOBARDI, NICOLÒ. - Jesuit, missionary, b. at Caltagirone in 1565, d. at Pechino on 11 Dec. 1655. Having arrived at Macao, China, in 1597, he began his…
Lopatin, Lev Michajlovič Vol. VII, p. 920
LOPATIN, LEV MICHAJLOVIČ. - Philosopher, born in Mosca in 1855, died there in 1920. He completed his studies at the University of Mosca (1879) and subsequently…
Lopatinskij, Teofilatto Vol. VII, p. 921
LOPATINSKIJ, TEOFILATTO. - Russian theologian and controversialist. A student in Kiev, he remained faithful to the orientation of its academy even during his…
Lopes (López), Gregorio Vol. VII, p. 921
LOPES (LÓPEZ), GREGORIO. - Mystic, b. in Madrid on 4 July 1542, d. at Santa Fé (Mexico) on 20 July 1596. He lived in Navarre with a hermit; then, at the age of…
Lopes, Fernão Vol. VII, p. 921
LOPES, FERNÃO. - Portuguese chronicler. Biographical information about him is scant and uncertain: he perhaps lived from 1380 to 1460. King don Giovanni I…
Lopukhin, Aleksandr Pavlovich (LOPUCHIN, ALEKSANDR PAVLOVIĆ) Vol. VII, p. 922
LOPUCHIN, ALEKSANDR PAVLOVIĆ. — Russian theologian, master of theology, and professor at the Ecclesiastical Academy of Petersburg. Born in the Saratov…
Lorch Vol. VII, p. 922
LORCH. - In the suburbs of Enns, in Upper Austria, the ancient Laureacum; about A.D. 190, a fortress was established to protect the Roman bridge over the Enns…
Lorena, Diocese of (LORENA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. VII, p. 922
LORENA, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese in the state of S. Paulo in Brazil. The diocese extends between those of Taubaté, Porto Alegre, Campanha and Barra do…
Lorenzana, Francisco Antonio de (LORENZANA, FRANCISCO ANTONIO DI) Vol. VII, p. 923
LORENZANA, FRANCISCO ANTONIO.—Cardinal, born in León (Spain) on 22 September 1722, died in Rome on 17 April 1804. He was elected bishop of Palencia in 1765,…
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio and Pietro (LORENZETTI, AMBROGIO E PIETRO) Vol. VII, p. 923
LORENZETTI, AMBROGIO and PIETRO. - Brothers, Sienese painters. I. AMBROGIO. — The earliest universally accepted date relating to him is 1319. In 1331 Tizio…
Lorenzetto (Lorenzo Lotti, called Il) (LORENZETTO (LORENZO LOTTI, DETTO IL)) Vol. VII, p. 927
LORENZETTO (LORENZO LOTTI, known as). - Sculptor and architect, born in Florence on 23 June 1490, died in Rome on 15 Dec. 1541. In June 1514 he was…
Lorenzo da Bologna Vol. VII, p. 931
LORENZO da BOLOGNA. – A theologian of the Order of the Servants of Mary, born in Bologna in the first half of the 14th century, died after 1392. In 1360 he was…
Lorenzo da Parigi Vol. VII, p. 934
LORENZO da PARIGI. - Capuchin writer and preacher. He entered the Order on 7 Oct. 1581. He was guardian, definitor, general custos, lecturer in philosophy and…
Lorenzo da Villamagna, Blessed (LORENZO DA VILLAMAGNA, BEATO) Vol. VII, p. 934
LORENZO da VILLAMAGNA, Blessed. - Franciscan, born in Villamagna (Chieti) on 15 May 1476, died at Ortona a Mare on 6 June 1535. Having entered the Franciscan…
Lorenzo da Viterbo Vol. VII, p. 935
LORENZO da VITERBO. — Properly L. di Jacopo di Pietro Paolo da V., painter, born c. 1437 in Viterbo and died after 1476. The only dates that can be related to…
Lorenzo de' Medici Vol. VII, p. 933
LORENZO de' MEDICI: v. MEDICI, FAMIGLIA.
Lorenzo della Resurrezione Vol. VII, p. 934
LORENZO della RESURREZIONE. – Mystic and discalced Carmelite, in the world Nicola Herman, born in Hériménil (Lorraine) in 1614 and died in Paris in 1691. A lay…
Lorenzo di Credi Vol. VII, p. 933
LORENZO di CREDI. — Painter, sculptor, and goldsmith, b. in Florence in 1456 or 1459–60, d. there on 12 January 1537. Among his earliest works are the…
Lorenzo Monaco Vol. VII, p. 933
LORENZO MONACO. – Italian painter, b. in Siena in 1370 or 1371, d. in 1425. He carried out most of his activity in Florence, where he went at about the age of…
Lorenzo Veneziano Vol. VII, p. 934
LORENZO VENEZIANO. - Painter, documented from 1356 to 1379. He was in Bologna, Padua, and perhaps Treviso. His dated works include the large polyptych of 1357…
Loreto Vol. VII, p. 936
LORETO. – Diocese in the province of Macerata (Marche). It has an area of 17 sq. km. and 8,000 inhabitants, all Catholics. It comprises 4 parishes, with 2…
Lorgna, Giocondo Pio Vol. VII, p. 939
LORGNA, GIOCONDO PIO. — Dominican, founder of the Dominican Sisters of Bl. Imelda (Imeldines), born at Tresana (Massa) on 27 September 1870, died at Venice on…
Lorin, Henri Vol. VII, p. 939
LORIN, HENRI. — French Catholic sociologist, born in 1858, died in Paris on 19 November 1914. He devoted himself to the Work of Catholic Workers’ Circles,…
Lorinus (Jean de Lorin), John (LORIN (LORINUS), JEAN DE) Vol. VII, p. 939
LORIN (Lorinus), JEAN de. - Jesuit exegete, b. in 1559 at Avignone, d. at Rome on 26 March 1634. He began his novitiate in 1575. He taught philosophy at Rome,…