Reymont, Władysław Stanisław(REYMONT, WLADYSLAW STANISLAW)Vol. X, p. 495 REYMONT, WLADYSLAW STANISLAW. — Polish writer, born at Kobiele Wielkie on 7 May 1867, died at Warsaw on 5 December 1925. Nobel Prize in 1924. He had a restless…
Rezayeh of the Chaldeans (= Urmia)(REZAYEH DEI CALDEI (= URMIA))Vol. X, p. 495 REZAYEH dei CALDEI (= Urmia). — The episcopal see dates back to the 3rd century. The city was the seat of a Chaldean Catholic bishop from 1560 to 1647. The…
Rezzara, NiccolòVol. X, p. 496 REZZARA, NICCOLÒ. — Catholic organizer, born at Chiuppano (Vicenza) in 1848, died at Bergamo on 6 February 1915. At Vicenza he taught in secondary schools from…
Rhabdomancy(RABDOMANZIA)Vol. X, p. 266 RABDOMANZIA : v. RADIESTESIA.
Rhodes(RODI)Vol. X, p. 628 RODI. – I. GEOGRAPHY. – The largest, after Lesbos (1440 sq. km), and the southernmost of the great Sporades, situated a short distance from the coast of Caria…
Rhodes, AlexandreVol. X, p. 496 RHODES, ALEXANDRE. — Jesuit, missionary, born in Avignon on 15 March 1591, died at Isfahán (Persia) on 5 November 1660. He entered the Order in 1612 in order…
Rhodesia(RODESIA)Vol. X, p. 623 RHODESIA. – I. GEOGRAPHY. – This is the name given to the great inland South African region (1.1 million sq. km.) lying between the middle Limpopo (Transvaal)…
Rhomboid(ROMBO)Vol. X, p. 792 ROMBO. – It is a thin wooden tablet, oval or oblong in shape, with a hole at one end, to which a cord is fastened: when the cord is rapidly whirled, the tablet…
Riario Sforza, SistoVol. X, p. 497 RIARIO SFORZA, SISTO. – Cardinal, born in Naples on 5 November 1810, died there on 29 September 1877. At only thirty-five years of age he was appointed by…
Riario, Family(RIARIO, FAMIGLIA)Vol. X, p. 496 RIARIO, FAMIGLIA. – The family’s fortunes began with the marriage of Paolo R. to Bianca, sister of Francesco della Rovere, the future Sisto IV. Of their two…
Ribeirão Preto, Diocese of(REBEIRÃO PRETO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 359 REBEIRÃO PRETO, DIOCESI di. — Suffragan of the archdiocese of S. Paolo, in the State of the same name, in Brazil. It has an area of 26,547 sq. km., with a…
Ribera, Emanuele, Venerable(RIBERA, EMMANUELE, VENERABILE)Vol. X, p. 498 RIBERA, EMMANUELE, venerable. - Mystic, Redemptorist, b. at Molfetta (Bari) on 2 March 1811, d. at Naples on 8 Nov. 1874, after having been for several years…
Ribera, Francisco DeVol. X, p. 498 RIBERA, FRANCISCO de. — Exegete, born in Villacastín (Segovia) in 1537, died in Salamanca in 1591. Already a priest and doctor of theology, he became a Jesuit…
Ribera, GiuseppeVol. X, p. 498 RIBERA, GIUSEPPE: v. SPAGNOLETTO.
Ribera, Juan De, Blessed(RIBERA, JUAN DE, BEATO)Vol. X, p. 498 RIBERA, JUAN de, blessed. — Spanish archbishop, born in Seville on 20 March 1532 to Perafan de R., viceroy of Catalonia and Naples, died in Valencia on 6…
RibotVol. X, p. 499 RIBOT. THÉODULE-ARMAND. - Philosopher, born at Guingamp on 18 Dec. 1839, died at Parigi on 9 Dec. 1916. In 1876 he founded the Revue philosophique. From 1885…
Ricasoli, Family(RICASOLI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. X, p. 501 RICASOLI, FAMIGLIA. — Originally, it was a branch of the Firidolfi, which took its name from a castle enfeoffed to RANIERI in 1187. In the 14th century LUCA…
Ricca, MassimilianoVol. X, p. 501 RICCA, MASSIMILIANO. - Piarist scientist, born at Novara on Nov. 2, 1761, died at Siena on Jan. 14, 1831. (phot. Almaris) RICCARDI, FAMIGLIA - Cortile di…
Riccardi, Family(RICCARDI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. X, p. 502 RICCARDI, FAMILY. - The earliest known ancestor is an ANICHINO son of Riccardo who, perhaps coming from Cologne, moved to Florence in the fourteenth century.…
Ricci, Catherine de', Saint(CATERINA DE' RICCI, SANTA)Vol. III, p. 674 CATERINA de' RICCI, saint. — Dominican, died on 23 April 1522 in Florence, from the first marriage of her father, Pierfrancesco. Alessandra (that was her…
Ricci, CorradoVol. X, p. 512 RICCI, CORRADO. — Archaeologist and art critic, born in Ravenna on 18 April 1858, died in Rome on 5 June 1934. A student at the University of Bologna (where he…
Ricci, GiovanniVol. X, p. 513 RICCI, GIOVANNI. - Cardinal, b. at Montepulciano c. 1497, d. 3 May 1574 at Rome. He went to Rome in 1515 in the service of Card. Antonio Del Monte, and…
Ricci, LorenzoVol. X, p. 513 RICCI, LORENZO. – Jesuit, 18th superior general of the Order, born in Firenze on 2 August 1703, died in Rome in Castel S. Angelo on 24 November 1775. He…
Ricci, MatteoVol. X, p. 513 RICCI, MATTEO. — Jesuit, pioneer of the Catholic missions in China, born in Macerata on 6 October 1552, died in Beijing on 11 May 1610. Having attended the…
Ricci, MauroVol. X, p. 514 RICCI, MAURO. - Writer, b. in Firenze on 14 June 1826; Piarist on 17 Sept. 1843, d. in Roma on 27 Jan. 1900. He was associated with the leading men of letters…
Ricci, Scipione De'Vol. X, p. 514 RICCI, SCIPIONE de’. — Bishop of Pistoia and the most distinguished representative of Italian Jansenism; born in Florence on 9 January 1741, died in exile (by…
Ricci, VittorioVol. X, p. 516 RICCI, VITTORIO. - Dominican missionary, b. at S. Maria a Cintoia (near Firenze) on 18 Jan. 1621, d. at Parian (a suburb of Manila) on 17 Feb. 1685. He studied…
Ricci-Paracciani, FrancescoVol. X, p. 516 RICCI-PARACCIANI, FRANCESCO. - Cardinal, b. in Roma on 8 June 1830, d. there on 9 March 1894. Of a noble family, he devoted himself to the ecclesiastical…
Ricciarelli, DanieleVol. X, p. 516 RICCIARELLI, DANIELE: v. DANIELE DA VOLTERRA (DANIELI RICCIARELLI).
Ricciuto, IlVol. X, p. 516 RICCIUTO, IL: v. AGRESTI, LIVIO.
Rice Churches(RICETTIZIE, CHIESE)Vol. X, p. 516 RICETTIZIE, CHIESE. - Receptitiae were the name given to churches in which, in past times, only those who were natives of the place where such churches arose…
Rice, Edmond IgnatiusVol. X, p. 516 RICE, EDMOND IGNATIUS. – Founder of the Institute of the “Brothers of the Christian Schools of Ireland” (v.), b. at Callan (County Kilkenny) on 1 June 1762, d.…
Richard FitzRalph(RICCARDO FITZRALPH)Vol. X, p. 503 RICCARDO FITZRALPH - Incipit of the Summa de quaestionibus Armenerum, Codex of 1380 - Biblioteca Vaticana, cod. Vat. lat. 1034, f. 1r. cause of his obscure…
Richard FitzRalph (Richardus Armacamus, Hibernicus)(RICCARDO FITZRALPH (RICHARDUS ARMACAMUS, HIBERNICUS))Vol. X, p. 502 RICCARDO FITZRALPH (Richardus Armacamus, Hibernicus). — Theologian and archbishop, b. ca. 1295 at Dundalk (County Louth), d. at Avignon on 20 Dec. 1360.…
Richard I, King of England, Called Coeur De Lion(RICCARDO I, RE D'INGHILTERRA, DETTO CUOR DI LEONE)Vol. X, p. 503 RICCARDO I, king of ENGLAND, known as LIONHEART. — Fourth son of King Henry II Plantagenet and Eleonora di Aquitania, b. at Oxford on 8 September 1157, d. at…
Richard III, King of England(RICCARDO III, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. X, p. 504 RICCARDO III, king of ENGLAND. - B. on 2 Oct. 1452 at Fotheringay, d. on 22 Aug. 1485. In 1461 he received the title of duke of Gloucester. He vigorously…
Richard of Andria, Saint(RICCARDO D'ANDRIA, SANTO)Vol. X, p. 502 RICCARDO d'ANDRIA, saint. – Lived in the 12th century. The legends would make him a contemporary of Gelasius I (!), under whom he is said to have governed the…
Richard of Cluny (of Poitiers)(RICCARDO DI CLUNY (DI POITIERS))Vol. X, p. 502 RICCARDO di CLUNY (di POITIERS). - Chronicler and poet, born probably in Aunis around 1120, died after 1188. From his works it may be inferred that he was a…
Richard of Conwy (and not of Clapwell)(RICCARDO DI CNAPWELL (E NON DI CLAPWELL))Vol. X, p. 502 RICCARDO di CNAPWELL (and not di CLAPWELL). - English Dominican theologian, among the first to introduce Thomism at Oxford, between 1284 and 1286, not without…
Richard of Mediavilla(RICCARDO DI MEDIAVILLA)Vol. X, p. 504 RICCARDO di MEDIAVILLA. — Franciscan philosopher and theologian, known as doctor solidus, born ca. 1249, died ca. 1307–1308. Biographical information is scant…
Richard of Saint Victor(RICCARDO DI SAN VITTORE)Vol. X, p. 505 RICCARDO di SAN VITTORE. - Theologian and mystic, born probably in Scotland at the beginning of the 12th century, died in Paris on March 10, 1173. Having…
Richard of San Germano(RICCARDO DI SAN GERMANO)Vol. X, p. 505 RICCARDO di SAN GERMANO. - Author of a Chronica surviving in two mutually complementary versions. The first, interrupted in 1226 and begun at the commission of…
Richard of San Lorenzo(RICCARDO DI SAN LORENZO)Vol. X, p. 505 RICCARDO di SAN LORENZO. — Theologian of the thirteenth century, about whom almost no biographical information is known. (Inf. Enc. Cart.) RICCARDO di SAN…
Richard of Wyche (of Chichester), Saint(RICCARDO DI WYCHE (DI CHICHESTER), SANTO)Vol. X, p. 506 RICCARDO di WYCHE (di CHICHESTER), saint. — Bishop of Chichester, born at Droitwich (Worcestershire) around 1197, died at Dover on 3 April 1253. He studied at…
Richard Rufus of Cornwall(RICCARDO RUFO DI CORNOVAGLIA)Vol. X, p. 511 RICCARDO RUFO of CORNWALL. — Franciscan theologian, born in England, died at Oxford ca. 1260. He entered the Franciscan Order, already a magister artium, at…
Richard the Premonstratensian (Anglicus, of Wedinghausen)(RICCARDO IL PREMOSTRATENSE (ANGLICUS, DA WEDINGHAUSEN))Vol. X, p. 505 RICCARDO il PREMOSTRATENSE (Anglicus, da WEDINGHAUSEN). - A Premonstratensian writer, in all probability of English origin, who wrote in the second half of the…
Richard, François-Marie-BenjaminVol. X, p. 517 RICHARD, FRANÇOIS-MARIE-BENJAMIN. - Cardinal, b. 1 March 1819 at Nantes, d. 28 Jan. 1908 at Paris. He studied at the Seminary of S. Sulpizio and was vicar…
Richelieu, Armand-Jean Du Plessis DeVol. X, p. 517 RICHELIEU, ARMAND-JEAN du PLESSIS de. — Cardinal and first minister of France, b. in Paris on 9 September 1585, d. there on 4 December 1642. Of minor nobility…
Richer, EdmondVol. X, p. 519 RICHER, EDMOND. - Gallican jurist, born in Chaource on Sept. 15, 1560, died in Paris on Nov. 29, 1631. Syndic of the Sorbonne (1602-18), he was a defender of…
Richmond, Diocese of(RICHMOND, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 520 RICHMOND, DIOCESI di. — Diocese and city in the State of Virginia (U. S. A.). A suffragan of Baltimore, it has an area of 34,008 sq. miles, with 2,837,297…
Richter, Emil LudwigVol. X, p. 520 RICHTER, EMIL LUDWIG. - Canonist, b. at Stolpen (Dresden) on 15 Nov. 1808, d. at Berlin on 8 May 1864. Having taken his doctorate in law, history, and…
Rickert, HeinrichVol. X, p. 520 RICKERT, HEINRICH. – Philosopher, born in Danzig on 25 May 1863 and died on 28 July 1936 in Heidelberg, where he had been a professor (after Freiburg).…
Ricoldo da MontecroceVol. X, p. 521 RICOLDO DA MONTECROCE. – Dominican traveler and apologist, b. in Florence ca. 1243, d. there on 31 October 1320. He entered religious life in his native city…
Ridolfi Family(RIDOLFI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. X, p. 523 RIDOLFI, FAMIGLIA. — Family that entered Florence in the 13th century and was enrolled in the Wool Guild. It grew wealthy through commerce and played a very…
Ridolfi, NiccolòVol. X, p. 523 RIDOLFI, NICCOLÒ. — Cardinal, born in Florence on 16 July 1501, to Piero and Contessina de’ Medici, daughter of Lorenzo il Magnifico, he was directed toward an…
Ridolfi, RobertoVol. X, p. 524 RIDOLFI, ROBERTO. – Born in Florence on 18 November 1531, to Pagnozzo and Maddalena Gondi; died there in 1612. Having moved to London around 1562, he became…
Rieder, Karl JosephVol. X, p. 526 RIEDER, KARL JOSEPH. - German Church historian, b. at Ermendingen on 9 Feb. 1876, d. at Reichenau-Niederzell on 4 Sept. 1931. Ordained priest in 1899, he…
Riegger, Paul Joseph Ritter vonVol. X, p. 526 RIEGGER, PAUL JOSEPH RITTER von. — Born at Friburg in Brisgovia on 29 January 1705, died at Vienna on 2 December 1775. He was professor of public and…
Riehl, AloisVol. X, p. 526 RIEHL, ALOIS. - Philosopher, born at Bolzano on 27 April 1844, died near Berlin on 21 November 1924. He taught at Graz (1873), Freiburg i. B. (1887), Kiel…
Riemann, Karl Wilhelm Julius HugoVol. X, p. 529 RIEMANN, KARL WILHELM JULIUS HUGO. - Musicologist, b. at Gross Mehlra on 18 July 1849, d. at Leipzig on 10 July 1919. He studied in Berlin, Tübingen, and…
Rieti, Diocese of(RIETI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 529 RIETI, DIOCESI di. In Latium and Abruzzo, in the province of R., it borders the dioceses of Terni, Sabina and Poggio Mirteto, Tivoli, L’Aquila and Ascoli…
RieuxVol. X, p. 531 RIEUX. – Town and former diocese in the department of Haute-Garonne, France. The diocese was established in 1337 by Pope Giovanni XXII as a suffragan see of…
RiezVol. X, p. 531 RIEZ. – An ancient diocese in the department of Basses-Alpes, France. A Ligurian city, it later became the capital of the Reii, hence the name “Regium,” from…
Rießler, PaulVol. X, p. 529 RIESSLER, PAUL. — Catholic exegete, born on 16 September 1865 in Stoccarda; parish priest at Blaubeuren in 1898; from 1907 to 1933 professor of the Old…
Rifugio, City of(RIFUGIO, CITTÀ DI)Vol. X, p. 535 RIFUGIO, CITTÀ di. – One of the Mosaic laws attributed to the period of the sojourn in the “steppes of Moab” (Num. 21, 1 ff.; 35, 1 ff.) prescribed, for…
Riga, Archdiocese of(RIGA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 535 RIGA, ARCHDIOCESE of. - Archdiocese and capital city of Latvia on the banks of the Daugava. It has an area of 64,000 sq. km, with a population of 1,950,502…
Rigaud (Rigaldi), Jean (Johannes)Vol. X, p. 536 RIGAUD (Rigaldi), JEAN (Johannes). - Franciscan theologian, born in the diocese of Limoges, died at Avignon before 16 September 1523. He entered the Order…
Rigaud (Rigaldus), Eudes (Odo)Vol. X, p. 536 RIGAUD (Rigaldus), EUDES (Odo). – Franciscan theologian and archbishop of Rouen, born at Brie-Compte-Robert or Courquetain (Ile-de-France), died at Rouen on 2…
Righetti, IginoVol. X, p. 537 RIGHETTI, IGINO. - Promoter, founder, and first president (1933) of the Movimento laureati di Azione Cattolica (v.), b. at Riccione on 3 March 1904, d. at Roma…
Right Of Patronage(PATRONATO, DIRITTO DI)Vol. IX, p. 609 PATRONATO, DIRITTO di. - It is a privilege, with attendant obligations, belonging, by grant of ecclesiastical authority, to the faithful who have founded a…
Right of Spoil(SPOGLIO, DIRITTO DI)Vol. XI, p. 698 SPOGLIO, DIRITTO di: v. POSSESSO.
Rignano FlaminioVol. X, p. 537 RIGNANO FLAMINIO. – At the twenty-sixth mile of the Via Flaminia, lying at the foot of Soratto, extends R. F., which, under the name Castrum Rinianum, is…
Rigoleuc, JeanVol. X, p. 538 RIGOLEUC, JEAN. - Missionary and spiritual writer, b. at Quintin (Côtes-du-Nord) on 24 Dec. 1595, d. at Vannes on 27 Feb. 1658. Having entered the Society of…
Rigorism(RIGORISMO)Vol. X, p. 538 RIGORISMO. — Excessive severity, immoderate adherence, tenacity, and fidelity in establishing, interpreting, and applying constitutions, statutes, laws, and…
Rilke, Rainer MariaVol. X, p. 539 RILKE, RAINER MARIA. – Bohemian poet of German family, born in Prague on 4 December 1875, died at Muzot (Switzerland) on 29 December 1926. Of an ancient…
Rimbaud, Jean-ArthurVol. X, p. 540 RIMBAUD, JEAN-ARTHUR. – French poet, born in Charleville on 20 October 1854, died in Marseille on 10 October 1891. Compelled to grow up in a petty-bourgeois…
Rimbert (Reimbert, Rembert), Saint(RIMBERT (REIMBERT, REMBERT), SANTO)Vol. X, p. 540 RIMBERT (REIMBERT, REMBERT), saint. — Benedictine, follower and biographer of St. Anscario (v.), born in Flanders, died on 11 June 888. He studied at the…
Rimini, Diocese of(RIMINI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 542 RIMINI, DIOCESE of. — It is bounded on the east by the Foglia and on the west by the Rubicon. It has 228 secular priests, 48 religious, and 136 parishes, two…
Rimmon(RIMMÔN)Vol. X, p. 543 RIMMÔN: v. ADADREMMON.
RimouskiVol. X, p. 543 RIMOUSKI: v. SAN GERMANO DI RIMOUSKI.
Rinaldi (Raynaldus), OdoricoVol. X, p. 543 RINALDI (Raynaldus), ODORICO. — Oratorian, born in Treviso in June 1594 (cf. A. Marchesan, op. cit. in the bibliography, p. 7), died in Rome on 22 January…
Rinaldo of Dassel(RINALDO DI DASSEL)Vol. X, p. 543 RINALDO di DASSEL. - Archbishop of Cologne and imperial chancellor, born about 1120, died near Rome on 14 Aug. 1167. He was appointed chancellor in 1156 and…
Ring of the Fisherman(ANELLO DEL PESCATORE)Vol. I, p. 747 ANELLO del Pescatore - Seal of Nicholas III. Museo Sacro of the Vatican Library. (from Dalton, Catalogue of the finger rings) ANELLO - Papal rings of the…
Ringwaldt, BartholomäusVol. X, p. 551 RINGWALDT, BARTHOLOMÄUS. - German poet, b. at Frankfurt on the Oder in 1530, Lutheran pastor at Langenfeld in der Neumark, where he d. in 1599. Among other…
Rinuccini, Family(RINUGGINI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. X, p. 552 RINUGGINI, FAMIGLIA. – A noble Florentine family which, in the fourteenth century, engaged in profitable banking activities with the Commune and the papal…
Rio Branco, Prelature of(RIO BRANCO, PRELATURA NULLIUS DI)Vol. X, p. 558 RIO BRANCO, PRELATURA nullius. — Suffragan of Belém do Pará, in the State of Pará (Brazil). It has an area of 260,000 sq. km, with a population of 20,000, of…
Rio Cuarto, Diocese of(RIO CUARTO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 558 RIO CUARTO, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese of the province of Cordoba (Argentina). It has an area of 54,300 sq km and a population of 300,000, of whom 295,000…
Rio de JaneiroVol. X, p. 558 RIO DE JANEIRO: V. SAN SEBASTIANO DI RIO DE JANEIRO.
Rio de OroVol. X, p. 558 RIO DE ORO. – Also called Spanish Sahara, in southern Morocco, with an area of 2,500 sq. km and 35,000 inhabitants. The Spanish garrison and the penal colony…
Rio Preto, Diocese of(RIO PRETO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 558 RIO PRETO, DIOCESI di. – Suffragan of the archdiocese of S. Paolo, in the State of the same name (Brazil). It has an area of 37,500 sq. km., with a population…
Riobamba (Bolívar), Diocese of(RIOBAMBA (BOLIVAR), DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 558 RIOBAMBA (BOLIVAR), DIOCESE of. – City and diocese east-northeast of Guayaquil (Ecuador, South America). The diocese covers a territory of 11,015 sq. km. with…
Ripa, MatteoVol. X, p. 559 RIPA, MATTEO. – Founder of the College of the Chinese in Naples, b. at Eboli (Salerno) on 29 March 1682, d. at Naples in 1746. After a period of dissipated…
Ripalda, Juan Martínez(RIPALDA, JUAN MARTINEZ)Vol. X, p. 559 RIPALDA, JUAN MARTINEZ. — Jesuit theologian, born at Pamplona in 1594, died at Madrid on 26 April 1648. He entered the Order in 1609, taught philosophy for 4…
Ripatransone, Diocese of(RIPATRANSONE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 561 RIPATRANSONE, DIOCESI di. – In the province of Ascoli Piceno, from which it is 48 km. distant, 9 km. from the sea, at an altitude of 508 m., on steep hills,…
Ripatransone, Johannes De (John of Ripatransone)(GIOVANNI DA RIPATRANSONE (DE RIPA, DE RIPIS, DE RUPA, TALORA DE MARCHIA))Vol. VI, p. 376 GIOVANNI da RIPATRANSONE (de Ripa, de Ripis, de Rupa, talora de Marchia). - Franciscan theologian, who commented on the Sentences in Paris between 1354 and…
Ripaut, Archangel(RIPAUT, ARCANGELO)Vol. X, p. 562 RIPAUT, ARCANGELO. — Capuchin writer and preacher, born in Paris in the last decades of the sixteenth century; a court gentleman and councillor at the…
Ripoll, Santa Maria diVol. X, p. 562 RIPOLL, SANTA MARIA di. — Benedictine abbey in the diocese of Vich, Spain. The town that grew up around the abbey is situated 681 m above sea level, at the…
Risk (In Industrial Financing)(RISCHIO (NEI FINANZIAMENTI INDUSTRIALI))Vol. X, p. 566 RISCHIO (IN INDUSTRIAL FINANCING). – It merits particular mention insofar as it dominates the basic phenomenon of the economy, namely the formation of saving…
Rita of Cascia, Saint(RITA DA CASCIA, SANTA)Vol. X, p. 583 RITA DA CASCIA, saint. — Augustinian mystic of the 15th century, b. at Roccaporena, a village in the mountains of Cascia in Umbria, around 1380, d. at Cascia…
Rite(RITO)Vol. X, p. 589 RITE. — I. IN THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS. — In general terms applicable to all religions, rite (etymology uncertain) means the rule that guides the performance…
Rite of Devotion(DEVOTIO, RITO DELLA)Vol. IV, p. 878 DEVOTIO, RITE of. - It was a particular kind of votum in which an individual vowed himself and offered himself in advance to the infernal deities in order to…
Rites of Foundation(FONDAZIONE, RITI DI)Vol. V, p. 878 FONDAZIONE, RITI di: V. RITO.
Rites, Question of the(RITI, QUESTIONE DEI)Vol. X, p. 584 RITI, QUESTION OF THE. - The question of the rites concerns those acts of veneration toward Confucius, ancestors, and the imperial family, practiced in China…
Ritschl, AlbrechtVol. X, p. 591 RITSCHL, ALBRECHT. – Protestant theologian, born in Berlin in 1822 and died in Göttingen on 20 March 1889. He held a chair of theology at Bonn from 1859, and…
Ritual Chastity(CASTITÀ RITUALE)Vol. III, p. 615 RITUAL CHASTITY. – In non-Christian religions, ritual chastity means the observance of sexual continence prior to the celebration of a rite or an action…
Ritualists(RITUALISTI)Vol. X, p. 594 RITUALISTI: v. OXFORD, MOVIMENTO di.
Riva, GiuseppeVol. X, p. 594 RIVA, GIUSEPPE. – Priest and ascetical writer, born in Milan in 1803, died there on 7 February 1876. Major Penitentiary of the Metropolitan Cathedral, highly…
Rivadeneira (Ribadeneira), Pedro deVol. X, p. 594 RIVADENEIRA (RIBADENEIRA), PEDRO de. — Jesuit, writer, b. at Toledo on 1 Nov. 1526, d. at Madrid on 22 Sept. 1611. At the age of thirteen he followed Cardinal…
Rivarola, AgostinoVol. X, p. 595 RIVAROLA, AGOSTINO. — Cardinal, born in Genoa on 14 March 1758, died in Rome on 7 November 1842. He entered the Roman Curia at a very young age, where he held…
Rivet, LouisVol. X, p. 602 RIVET, LOUIS. — Canonist, born in Lione on 3 May 1871, died at Neuville-St-Vaast on 9 May 1915. Compelled by family circumstances to pursue a military career,…
Rivière, JeanVol. X, p. 602 RIVIÈRE, JEAN. - Theologian, born at Montcabrier (near Albi) in 1878, died there on 3 May 1946. Having graduated from the Institut catholique of Toulouse,…
Robert Bellarmine, Saint(ROBERTO BELLARMINO, SANTO)Vol. X, p. 610 ROBERTO BELLARMINO, saint. — Doctor of the Church, b. at Montepulciano on 4 October 1542, d. at Rome on 17 September 1621. Of noble family (his mother Cintia…
Robert Cecchetto da Nove(ROBERTO CECCHETTO DA NOVE)Vol. X, p. 613 ROBERTO CECCHETTO da NOVE. — Capuchin preacher, b. at Nove on 18 Nov. 1869, d. at Udine on 23 Aug. 1939. Having become a Capuchin (solemn profession in 1902),…
Robert Guiscard (The Cunning)(ROBERTO IL GUISCARDO (L'ASTUTO))Vol. X, p. 608 ROBERTO the GUISCARD (the ASTUTE). — Son of Tancred of Hauteville, he came to Italy in the fourth decade of the 11th century. He was a valiant warrior and a…
Robert of Arbrissel, Blessed(ROBERTO D'ARBRISSEL, BEATO)Vol. X, p. 606 ROBERTO D'ARBRISSEL, blessed. — Born at Arbrissel about 1047, he came early to Paris, where he obtained a doctorate in theology; he died at Orsan on 25…
Robert of Geneva (Clement VII), Antipope(ROBERTO DI GINEVRA (CLEMENTE VII), ANTIPAPA)Vol. X, p. 607 ROBERTO DI GINEVRA (CLEMENTE VII), ANTIPAPA. - Born in Geneva in 1342 to Count Amadeus III of the city and Matilda of Boulogne, a relative of the King of…
Robert of Kilwardby(ROBERTO DI KILWARDBY)Vol. X, p. 608 ROBERTO di KILWARDBY: v. KILWARDBY.
Robert of Lincoln(ROBERTO DI LINCOLN)Vol. X, p. 608 ROBERTO di LINCOLN: v. GROSSATESTA, ROBERTO.
Robert of Melun (Melodunensis)(ROBERTO DI MELUN (MELODUNENSIS))Vol. X, p. 608 ROBERTO di MELUN (Melodunensis). — Theologian and bishop, born in England at the end of the 11th century, died at Hereford on 27 February 1167. A student at…
Robert of Salle (Salla), Blessed(ROBERTO DI SALLE (SALLA), BEATO)Vol. X, p. 609 ROBERTO of SALLE (SALLA), Blessed. - A Celestine monk, born at Salla near Maiella in 1273, died in the monastery of Morrone on 18 July 1341. He entered the…
Robert of the Palatinate, King of the Romans(ROBERTO DEL PALATINATO, RE DEI ROMANI)Vol. X, p. 609 ROBERTO of the PALATINATE, King of the ROMANS. - Born in 1352 to Robert II, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Prince Elector, he succeeded him in 1398. (from V.…
Robert Pulleyn (Robertus Pullus)(ROBERTO PULLEYN (ROBERTUS PULLUS))Vol. X, p. 613 ROBERTO PULLEYN (Robertus Pullus). – Theologian and cardinal, b. in England in the second half of the 11th century, d. in Rome between September and December…
Robert, Abbot of Molesme(ROBERTO, ABATE DI MOLESME)Vol. X, p. 609 ROBERTO, abbot of MOLESME, saint — The Flagellation, a miniature in the Psalter belonging to s. R., as shown by a note from the 12th century. It is a Psalter…
Robert, Abbot of Molesme, Saint(ROBERTO, ABATE DI MOLESME, SANTO)Vol. X, p. 609 ROBERTO, abbot of MOLESME, saint. — Founder of the abbeys of Molesme (v.) and Cîteaux (v.), b. in Champagne around 1028, d. at Molesme in 1111, apparently. He…
Roberti, Giovanni BattistaVol. X, p. 606 ROBERTI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – Jesuit, polymath, b. at Bassano on 4 March 1719, d. there on 29 July 1786. He entered the Order in 1736 and taught in the…
Roberti, Giuseppe MariaVol. X, p. 606 ROBERTI, GIUSEPPE MARIA. – General Corrector of the Order of Minims (1918–24), born in Conflenti (Catanzaro) on 19 January 1869, died in Rome on 23 October…
Roberto di Colle Torto (Tortocollo), also known as di Orford (Erford)(ROBERTO DI COLLE TORTO (TORTOCOLLO), DETTO ANCHE DI ORFORD (ERFORD))Vol. X, p. 607 ROBERTO di COLLE TORTO (TORTOCOLLO), also called di ORFORD (ERFORD). - B. in southern England, d. toward the end of the 13th century. He entered the Dominican…
Roberto di CoursonVol. X, p. 607 ROBERTO di COURSON. — Theologian and cardinal, born near Eccleston (Dirby, England) ca. 1155–60, died near Damietta on 6 March 1219. A disciple in Paris of…
Robertson, WilliamVol. X, p. 613 ROBERTSON, WILLIAM. — Historian, born at Borthwick (Midlothian) in Scotland on 19 September 1721, died at Grange House (Edinburgh) on 11 June 1793. A…
Robespierre, Maximilien-Marie-IsidoreVol. X, p. 613 ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN-MARIE-ISIDORE. — Politician, one of the leading figures of the French Revolution, born in Arras on 6 May 1758, guillotined in Paris on…
RobigaliaVol. X, p. 614 ROBIGALIA. - A festival of 25 Apr. in Roman religion. The divinity to whom it is dedicated is Robigus or Robigo, masculine according to the scholars, feminine…
Robortello, FrancescoVol. X, p. 615 ROBORTELLO, FRANCESCO. - Humanist, b. in Udine on 9 September 1516, d. in Padova on 18 March 1567. After studying in Bologna, he held the chair of Greek and…
Robusti, JacopoVol. X, p. 615 ROBUSTI, JACOPO: v. TINTORETTO.
Rocaberti de Perelada, Juan TomásVol. X, p. 615 ROCABERTI DE PERELADA, JUAN TOMÁS. - Archbishop, 58th general of the Dominicans, born into a noble family at Perelada (Catalonia) about 1624, died at Madrid on…
Rocaberti y SolierVol. X, p. 615 ROCABERTI y SOLIER: v. IPPOLITA DI GESÙ.
Rocca, AngeloVol. X, p. 615 ROCCA, ANGELO. — Bishop and scholar, born at Rocca Contrada (Arcevia) in 1545, died in Rome on 8 April 1620. At the age of seven he entered the Order of the…
RocceVol. X, p. 615 ROCCE. — This is the name given to aggregates of one or more minerals, forming part of the lithosphere as independent geological units. They may originate…
Rocco da CesinaleVol. X, p. 620 ROCCO da CESINALE. - Archbishop, born at Cesinale to the Cocchia family on 30 April 1830, died at Chieti on 19 December 1900. A Capuchin in 1846 and a priest…
Rocco, ArturoVol. X, p. 620 ROCCO, ARTURO. – Jurist, born in Naples on 26 December 1876, died in Rome on 1 April 1942. He was professor of criminal law and criminal procedural law at the…
Rocco, Saint(ROCCO, SANTO)Vol. X, p. 616 ROCCO, saint. – Young pilgrim, born in Montpellier and died at Angleria (Angera, on the eastern shore of Lago Maggiore) in the 14th century; invoked from the…
Rochester, Diocese of(ROCHESTER, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 620 ROCHESTER, DIOCESE of. - Diocese and city in the State of Nuova York (U.S.A.). A suffragan of Nuova York, it has an area of 7,081 miles, with 934,081…
Rockford, Diocese of(ROCKFORD, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 620 ROCKFORD, DIOCESE of. - Diocese and city in the State of Illinois (U. S. A.) The area of the diocese, suffragan of Chicago, is 6,475 square miles, with a total…
Rockhampton, Diocese of(ROCKHAMPTON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 621 ROCKHAMPTON, DIOCESE of. - Situated in the State of Queensland (Australia), it was erected on 29 Dec. 1882 with territory detached from the diocese of Brisbane…
Rococo(ROCOCÒ)Vol. X, p. 621 ROCOCÒ. – A term that came into use in France in the 1700s to designate, together with the other term “rocaille,” a particular type of decoration—shell…
Rode, JohannesVol. X, p. 623 RODE, JOHANNES. - Monastic reformer, born at Treviri around 1385, died of the plague at Montabaur on 1 Dec. 1439. He studied at Heidelberg from 1404; in 1409…
Rodez, Diocese of(RODEZ, DIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 625 RODEZ, DIOCESE OF. - A city and diocese in the department of Aveyron (France). The diocese extends over the ancient region of Rouergue and the present…
Rodin, AugusteVol. X, p. 630 RODIN, AUGUSTE. – Sculptor, b. in Paris on 12 November 1840, d. in Meudon on 7 November 1917, one of the most notable figures in modern French art. A…
Rodolfo de Lang (Longo) Campo(RODOLFO DE LANGO (LONGO) CAMPO)Vol. X, p. 632 RODOLFO de LANGO (LONGO) CAMPO. – Philosopher, author of a still unpublished commentary on Alain of Lille’s Anticlaudianus (v.), probably composed around 1216,…
Rodolfo I of Habsburg, King of Germany(RODOLFO I D'ASBURGO, RE DI GERMANIA)Vol. X, p. 630 RODOLFO I of Habsburg, king of GERMANY. – Born on 1 May 1218, count of Habsburg in Aargau and of Kiburg (near Zurich), and lord of a large part of Alsace, he…
Rodolfo II of Habsburg, Emperor(RODOLFO II D'ASBURGO, IMPERATORE)Vol. X, p. 631 RODOLFO II of Habsburg, EMPEROR. — Son of Massimiliano II and the infanta Maria, sister of the king of Spain Filippo II, b. in Vienna on 18 July 1552, d. in…
Rodolfo of Biberach(RODOLFO DI BIBERACH)Vol. X, p. 630 RODOLFO di BIBERACH. - Franciscan mystic, having under it the sees of Milos, Nicaria, Carpathos, Chios, Tinos, and Mycone. Under Turkish rule (1522-1912) the…
Rodolfo of Ems(RODOLFO DI EMS)Vol. X, p. 630 RODOLFO di EMS. - German epic poet, of Swiss origin, born about 1200, died around 1254 in Italy in the retinue of Corrado IV, the best among the imitators of…
Rodolfo the Bald(RODOLFO IL GLABRO)Vol. X, p. 631 RODOLFO il GLABRO. — Benedictine, born in Burgundy around 985. He entered the cloister of St-Germain d’Auzerre at a very young age. Restless and impatient with…
Rodotà, Pietro PompilioVol. X, p. 632 RODOTÀ, PIETRO POMPILIO. — Of Italo-Albanian family, born in 1707 at S. Benedetto Ullano (Cosenza, now in the eparchy of Lungro), he died in Rome (according to…
Rodríguez, Alonso(RODRIGUEZ, ALONSO)Vol. X, p. 632 RODRIGUEZ, ALONSO. – Jesuit, writer on ascetical theology, b. at Valladolid about 15 April 1538, d. at Seville on 21 February 1616. He entered the Order in…
Rogacci, BenedettoVol. X, p. 632 ROGACCI, BENEDETTO. – Jesuit man of letters and ascetical writer, born on 18 March 1646 in Ragusa (Dalmatia), died in Rome on 8 February 1719. He entered the…
Rogationists(ROGAZIONISTI)Vol. X, p. 633 ROGAZIONISTI. - A religious congregation of priests founded in Messina, alongside that of the « Figlie del Divino Zelo » (v.), by can. Annibale M. Di Francia…
Rogations (Litaniae Majores and Minores)(ROGAZIONI (LITANIAE MAIORES ET MINORES))Vol. X, p. 632 ROGAZIONI (Litaniae maiores et minores). — Processions instituted by the Church to implore heavenly assistance; those which occur every year are ordinary,…
Rogel (Hebrew 'En-Righèl "Fountain of the Fuller" or "of the Wayfarer")(ROGEL (EBR. 'EN-RIGHÈL « FONTE DEL GUALCHERAIO » O « DEL PASSANTE » ?))Vol. X, p. 633 ROGEL (Heb. 'En-righèl “spring of the fuller” or “of the passer-by”?). — Name of a spring marking, south of the ancient city of Gerusalemme, the boundary…
Roger I, Count of Calabria and Sicily(RUGGERO I, CONTE DI CALABRIA E DI SICILIA)Vol. X, p. 854 RUGGERO I, count of Calabria and SICILIA. - The youngest son of Tancredi di Altavilla, he arrived in Italy when his brother Roberto was already count of…
Roger II, King of Sicily(RUGGERO II, RE DI SICILIA)Vol. X, p. 854 RUGGERO II, king of SICILY. — Son of Ruggero I and Adelaide del Monferrato, born in 1095; after losing his father in 1101, he remained under his mother’s…
Roger of Marston(RUGGERO DI MARSTON)Vol. X, p. 854 RUGGERO di MARSTON. – English Franciscan, philosopher and theologian, b. shortly before the middle of the 13th century, d. at Norwich ca. 1303. He studied in…
Roger, Saint(RUGGERO, SANTO)Vol. X, p. 854 RUGGERO, saint. — Bishop of Canne and patron of Barletta, born at Pietra, a hamlet of the same city. Some scholars maintained that he flourished in the 5th…
Rogers, JohnVol. X, p. 634 ROGERS, JOHN. - Regarded as the “Protestant protomartyr” under Maria Tudor, born at Birmingham in 1500, died in London on 4 February 1555. A canon of S. Paolo…
Rohan, Family(ROHAN, FAMIGLIA)Vol. X, p. 634 ROHAN, FAMILY. — Originating in Brittany, tracing its lineage back to ALAIN, viscount of R. (Morbihan), documented in 1105. During the reign of Louis XII,…
Rohde, ErwinVol. X, p. 637 ROHDE, ERWIN. – Classical philologist, born in Hamburg on 5 October 1845, died in Heidelberg on 11 January 1898. He taught in Kiel (1872), Jena (1876),…
Rohling, AugustVol. X, p. 637 ROHLING, AUGUST. — Catholic exegete, who became embroiled in two prolonged controversies, one “antisemitic,” the other “millenarian”; born on 15 February 1839…
Rohrbacher, René-FrançoisVol. X, p. 638 ROHRBACHER, RENÉ-FRANÇOIS. — Ecclesiastical historian, born on 27 September 1789 at Langatte near Sarrebourg, died on 17 January 1856 in Paris. He entered the…
Rojas, Simón de, Blessed(ROJAS, SIMÓN DE, BEATO)Vol. X, p. 638 ROJAS, SIMÓN de, blessed. - Friar of the Trinitarian Order, b. at Valladolid on 28 Oct. 1552, d. at Madrid on 28 Sept. 1624. Having entered the Order at the…
Rolando BandinelliVol. X, p. 638 ROLANDO BANDINELLI : v. ALESSANDRO III.
Rolando of Cremona(ROLANDO DI CREMONA)Vol. X, p. 638 ROLANDO of CREMONA. — Dominican, born at Cremona at the end of the 12th century, died at Bologna in 1259. Magister artium at the University of Bologna, he…
Roldán, Giovanni Taddo di Sant'EliseoVol. X, p. 639 ROLDÁN, GIOVANNI TADDO DI SANT'ELISEO. — Discalced Carmelite, missionary, and bishop, b. at Calahorra (Spain) on 17 Aug. 1574. He professed in the reformed…
Rolewinck, WernerVol. X, p. 638 ROLEWINCK, WERNER — Page concerning Noah from the Cerouce que dicitur fasciculus temporum, Venice, Eranco-Ravoldi of Augsburg, 1480, 20 November — Copy in the…
Rolle, Richard (Richard of Hampole, Brito; Richard the Hermit)(ROLLE, RICHARD (RICCARDO DI HAMPOLE, BRITO; RICCARDO EREMITA))Vol. X, p. 639 ROLLE, RICHARD (RICCARDO DI HAMPOLE, BRITO; RICCARDO EREMITA). — Hermit and mystic, born probably around 1290 in the county of York, died at Hampole on 29…
RomagnaVol. X, p. 756 Papal sovereignty over the R., explicitly and definitively recognized in 1278 by Rudolf I of Habsburg to Pope Nicholas III, lasted only until the Avignon…
Romagnoli, AugustoVol. X, p. 759 ROMAGNOLI, AUGUSTO. — Apostle of the new education of the blind, b. in Bologna on 19 July 1879, with conjunctivitis that caused him to lose his sight after a…
Romagnosi, GiandomenicoVol. X, p. 759 ROMAGNOSI, GIANDOMENICO. — Philosopher and jurist, born at Salsomaggiore on 11 December 1761, died at Milan on 8 June 1835; author of works on philosophy,…
Roman College(COLLEGIO ROMANO)Vol. III, p. 1144 COLLEGIO ROMANO: V. UNIVERSITÀ GREGORIANA.
Roman Conference of Catholic African Missions(CONFERENZA ROMANA DELLE MISSIONI CATTOLICHE AFRICANE)Vol. IV, p. 143 CONFERENZA ROMANA DELLE MISSIO- The NI CATTOLICHE AFRICANE. - To respond to the request for cooperation from the International African Institute in London, at…
Roman Dicasteries(DICASTERI ROMANI)Vol. IV, p. 905 DICASTERI ROMANI: v. CONGREGAZIONI.
Roman Orders(ORDINES ROMANI)Vol. IX, p. 168 ORDINES ROMANI. — I. NOTION. — The O. R. are “libelli” compiled between the eighth and fourteenth centuries, containing the description and rules for the…
Roman Protomartyrs(ROMANI PROTOMARTIRI)Vol. X, p. 781 ROMANI PROTOMARTYRS. — This is the designation given to the first Christian victims who perished in Rome during the persecution of Nero (A.D. 64). Information…
Roman Question(QUESTIONE ROMANA)Vol. X, p. 242 ROMAN QUESTION. — This is the designation that came into use to indicate the intricate and bitter political-religious dispute that opened, on the national and…
Roman Ritual(RITUALE ROMANO)Vol. X, p. 591 RITUALE ROMANO. – Liturgical book of the Latin Church for priests, containing the ceremonies for the administration of the Sacraments, for assisting the sick,…
Roman Union(UNIONE ROMANA)Vol. XII, p. 525 UNIONE ROMANA. — Association of Roman Catholic electors, active in the municipal elections of the City of Rome from 1872 to 1919. When the Holy See forbade…
Roman-Barbarian Laws(LEGGI ROMANO-BARBARE)Vol. VII, p. 650 ROMANO-BARBARIAN LAWS. – This is the name given to three legislative compilations produced in the West in the sixth century: the lex Romana Wisigothorum (or…
Romanesque Art(ROMANICA, ARTE)Vol. X, p. 777 ROMANICA, ARTE. – The term “Romanesque” denotes that particular period of European artistic culture, spanning the 11th and 12th centuries, which stands midway…
RomaniaVol. X, p. 763 ROMANIA. - It is the southernmost of the Danubian-Carpathian states and the easternmost among the Neo-Latin nations; situated between Hungarians and Slavs, at…
Romanino, Girolamo di Romano, called Il(ROMANINO, GIROLAMO DI ROMANO, DETTO IL)Vol. X, p. 780 ROMANINO, GIROLAMO DI ROMANO, detto il. – Painter, born in Brescia between 1484 and 1487, died there ca. 1566. His first dated work is the Deposition in the…
Romano, GiuseppeVol. X, p. 781 ROMANO, GIUSEPPE. - Jesuit philosopher and scholar, b. at Termini (Palermo) on 3 January 1810, d. at Constantinople on 27 March 1878. He was a member and…
Romano, Vincenzo, Venerable(ROMANO, VINCENZO, VENERABILE)Vol. X, p. 782 ROMANO, VINCENZO, venerable. – Born in Torre del Greco (Naples) on 3 June 1751, he died there on 20 December 1831, after almost 35 years of pastoral ministry.…
Romans, Epistle to the(ROMANI, EPISTOLA AI)Vol. X, p. 760 ROMANI, EPISTOLA ai. — The first letter of St Paul in the order of the Vulgate and the Tridentine canon, the most important for Pauline theology. I. ORIGIN. —…
Romanticism(ROMANTICISMO)Vol. X, p. 782 ROMANTICISMO. – By Romanticism (R.) is understood that movement of a literary, artistic, philosophical, political, and social character which emerged in Europe…
Romanus the Melodist(ROMANO IL MELÒDE)Vol. X, p. 781 ROMANO il MELÒDE. — Born in Syria to an Israelite family in the last quarter of the 5th century: having gone to Constantinople in the final years of the reign…
Romanus, Pope(ROMANO, PAPA)Vol. X, p. 782 ROMANO, POPE. – Born at Gallese, near Civita Castellana, he was appointed cardinal of S. Pietro in Vincoli by Pope Stefano VI. He succeeded him in the…
