Art & Architecture
Arte · 987 articles · Principal contributors · All subjects-
Isidore of Miletus (ISIDORO DI MILETO)
ISIDORE OF MILETUS. - Name of two architects. I. THE ELDER was active during the 6th century in Constantinople, together with Anthemius of… -
Ivanov, Aleksandr Andreevič
IVANOV, ALEKSANDR ANDREEVIČ. - Russian painter, b. 28 July 1806 in St. Petersburg, d. there 15 July 1858. He matured his art through the… -
Ivory (Art) (AVORIO (ARTE))
IVORY (ART). - Ivory artifacts are frequent in ancient Christian funerary furnishings; they were often affixed to the loculi in the… -
Jerome dai Libri (GIROLAMO DAI LIBRI)
JEROME DAI LIBRI. - Painter, b. in Verona in 1474, d. there on 2 July 1555. He took up art under the guidance of his father Francesco, a… -
Jerome del Pacchia (GIROLAMO DEL PACCHIA)
JEROME DEL PACCHIA. - Painter, b. in Siena on 5 May 1477, d., it is said, in France after 1533. He was the son of a stucco worker, Giovanni… -
Jerome of Brescia (GIROLAMO DA BRESCIA)
JEROME OF BRESCIA. - Benedictine architect, born in the second half of the 15th century and active in the early years of the 16th century.… -
Jerome of Cremona (GIROLAMO DA CREMONA)
JEROME OF CREMONA. - Lombard painter active between 1467 and 1483, at first under the influence of local miniaturists, and then of Mantegna… -
Jerome of Santa Croce (GIROLAMO DA SANTACROCE)
JEROME OF SANTA CROCE. - Painter, b. probably around 1480, d. perhaps in July 1556. He is identifiable with that «Jerolimo, de maistro… -
Jerome of Treviso, the Elder (GIROLAMO DA TREVISO, IL VECCHIO)
JEROME OF TREVISO, the Elder. - Painter, b. ca. 1450 and d. ca. 1496. Remembered as belonging to the Pennacchi family, doubts nevertheless… -
Jerome of Treviso, the Younger (GIROLAMO DA TREVISO, IL GIOVANE)
JEROME OF TREVISO, the Younger. - Painter, sculptor and architect, b. at Treviso in 1497 (?) and d. in 1544 at the siege of Boulogne in… -
Jesse, Tree of (JESSE, ALBERO DI)
JESSE, Tree of. - From the passage in Isaiah "egredietur virga de radice Jesse et flos de radice eius ascendet" (11:1), medieval… -
John of Burgundy (GIOVANNI DI BOROGONA)
JOHN OF BURGUNDY. - Spanish painter, recorded in documents from 1495 to 1533, d. before 1544. Italian by training, perhaps a pupil of… -
John of Germany (GIOVANNI D'ALEMAGNA)
JOHN OF GERMANY. - Painter of German origin; the only information available about him concerns his stay in Venice, where he is mentioned… -
John of Milan (GIOVANNI DA MILANO)
JOHN OF MILAN. - Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caverzaio (today Caversaggio) in the territory of Como, painter; in 1350 he was in… -
John of Nola (GIOVANNI DA NOLA)
JOHN OF NOLA. - G. Marigliano, or Meriliano, or Meriliano, a sculptor, born at Nola around 1488, died at Naples in 1558, carried on his… -
John of Paolo di Grazia (GIOVANNI DI PAOLO DI GRAZIA)
JOHN OF PAOLO DI GRAZIA. - Painter, b. in Siena ca. 1399, d. between February and March 1482. His life, although quite extensively… -
John of Rimini (GIOVANNI DA RIMINI)
JOHN OF RIMINI. - A 14th-century painter from Rimini, often confused with Giovanni Baronzio (v.), who was also a painter from Rimini and… -
John of San Giovanni (GIOVANNI DA SAN GIOVANNI)
JOHN OF SAN GIOVANNI. - Painter, b. at S. Giovanni in Valdarno on 20 March 1592, d. at Florence on 6 Dec. 1636. A pupil of Matteo Rosselli,… -
John Pisano (GIOVANNI PISANO)
JOHN PISANO. - Sculptor, son of the sculptor Nicola di Pietro d'Apulia, b. at Pisa ca. 1284, d. between 1316 and 1318. A pupil and… -
Jordaens, Jacob
JORDAENS, JACOB. - Painter, b. in Antwerp on 19 May 1593, d. there on 18 Oct. 1678. In 1607 he entered the workshop of the painter Adam Van… -
Jordan (GIORDANO)
GIORDANO - Holy Mass celebrated on the banks of the G. > (photograph by Anderson) > GIORDANO, LUCA - Self-portrait - Rome, Galleria… -
Jouvenet, Jean-Baptiste, called Le Grand (JOUVENET, JEAN-BAPTISTE, DETTO LE GRAND)
JOUVENET, Jean-Baptiste, called Le Grand. - The best-known representative of a family of artists, b. at Rouen in 1644, d. at Paris in 1717.… -
Juliano da Maiano (GIULIANO DA MAIANO)
JULIANO DA MAIANO. - Architect and carver, b. at Maiano (Fiesole), in 1432, d. at Naples on 17 Oct. 1490. He belongs to a family of… -
Justus of Ghent, Joos van Wassenhove, called (GIUSTO DI GAND, JOOS VAN WASSENHOVE, DETTO)
JUSTUS OF GHENT, Joos van Wassenhove, called. - Painter b. between 1435 and 1440 either at Antwerp or at Ghent; in 1460 he was received… -
Juvara (Juvarra), Filippo
JUVARA (JUVARRA), FILIPPO. - Architect and engraver, b. in Messina on 16 June 1678, d. in Madrid on 31 Jan. 1736. From his father, a… -
Kaufmann, Angelica
KAUFMANN, ANGELICA. - Painter, b. in Chur in the Grisons on 30 Oct. 1741, d. in Rome on 5 Nov. 1807, one of the most interesting and… -
Kleinschmidt, Beda
KLEINSCHMIDT, BEDA. - Franciscan, art historian, b. at Brakel (Westphalia) on 12 Oct. 1867, d. at Paderborn on 17 March 1932. He entered… -
Kneeler (INGINOCCHIATOIO)
KNEELER. - A piece of furniture consisting of a step on which to kneel, a lectern and, often, one or more drawers in which to keep prayer… -
Koimesis (KÖIMESIS)
KOIMESIS. - It is a simultaneous representation of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary and her passing into Heaven, which became established… -
Kraus, Franz-Xaver
KRAUS, FRANZ-XAVER. - Priest, archaeologist, historian, man of letters, b. in Trier on 18 Sept. 1840, d. at San Remo on 12 Dec. 1901. He is… -
Lacework (MERLETTO)
LACEWORK. - Lace, or merlo, trina, pizzo, is a transparent fabric worked by hand with the needle, with bobbins, with the crochet hook and… -
Lamberti, Family (LAMBERTI, FAMIGLIA)
LAMBERTI, FAMILY. - NICCOLÒ, Florentine sculptor whose personality was separated only recently (1931) from that of Niccolò di Luca Spinelli… -
Landi, Gaspare
LANDI, GASPARE. - Painter, b. in Piacenza on 6 Jan. 1756, d. there on 24 Feb. 1830. Abandoned as a young boy by his father, he was taken in… -
Lanfranco, Giovanni
LANFRANCO, GIOVANNI. - Painter, b. in Parma on 26 Jan. 1582, d. in Rome on 30 Nov. 1647. He was a pupil of Agostino Carracci but… -
Lanzi, Luigi
LANZI, LUIGI. - Jesuit, archaeologist, philologist and art historian, b. at Treja (Macerata) on 4 June 1732, d. at Florence on 31 March… -
Laurana, Francesco
LAURANA, FRANCESCO. - Sculptor, born in Dalmatia, perhaps at Zara, in the early decades of the fifteenth century, and active in Naples, the… -
Laurana, Luciano
LAURANA, LUCIANO. - Architect, b. at Zara probably between 1420 and 1425, and active at Naples, Mantua, Urbino, Pesaro, Senigallia; d. at… -
Lavabo
LAVABO. - A place and apparatus for ablutions. It became part of the ecclesiastical furnishings from the earliest Christian times; in use… -
Lectern (LEGGIO)
LECTERN. - A piece of furniture intended to support a liturgical book for public reading. It first appeared fixed upon ambos and, like the… -
Lectorium
LECTORIUM. - A dividing wall between choir and nave in medieval churches. In French it is called jubé, in English rood screen or roodloft,… -
Le Gros (Le Groux), Pierre, the Younger (LEGROS (LE GROS), PIERRE, IL GIOVANE)
LE GROS (Le Groux), Pierre, the Younger. - French sculptor, b. in Paris on 12 Nov. 1666, d. in Rome on 3 May 1719. Son of the sculptor… -
Leonardeschi
LEONARDESCHI. - If by this term one wished to understand all the artists who drew inspiration or motifs from the great models of the… -
Leonardo da Vinci
LEONARDO DA VINCI. - I. THE LIFE. - Poorly informed and unreliable as Giorgio Vasari is, the life of L. can be reconstructed only from… -
Leoni, Leone
LEONI, LEONE. - Sculptor, medallist and architect, b. at Menaggio (Como), to a father from Arezzo, in 1509 and d. at Milan in 1590. He… -
Leopardi, Alessandro
LEOPARDI, ALESSANDRO. - Goldsmith, bronze founder and architect, b. in Venice around 1450 and d. there between June 1522 and March 1523.… -
Lesena
LESENA. - A pseudopilaster in slight relief from the wall, which has no structural function but only that of dividing the surfaces.… -
Le Sueur, Eustache
LE SUEUR, EUSTACHE. - Painter, b. in Paris on 18 Nov. 1617 (or 1616), d. there on 30 Apr. 1655, son of the wood sculptor Chathelin L., of… -
Le Vau, Louis
LE VAU, LOUIS. - French architect, b. in Paris in 1612 and d. there on 11 Oct. 1670. He also traveled in Italy, in particular to Genoa and… -
Liberale da Verona
LIBERALE DA VERONA. - L. was the son of Jacopo dalla Biava, or a Biavo, an illuminator and painter, born in Verona around 1445 and died… -
Liberty
LIBERTY. - The artistic movement that in Italy goes by the name of L. or "floral style," which in France and in many other European… -
Lippi, Filippino
LIPPI, FILIPPINO. - Born in Prato, between August 1457 and May 1458, to Filippo L. and Lucrezia Buti, died in Florence on 18 April 1504; he… -
Lippi, Filippo
LIPPI, FILIPPO. - Painter, b. in Florence ca. 1406, d. in Spoleto on 8 or 10 Oct. 1469. He was a Carmelite in Florence, where he remained… -
Lochner, Stephan
LOCHNER, STEPHAN. - German painter, b. at Meersburg on Lake Constance, he lived and worked in Cologne, where he is documented as active… -
Loggia
LOGGIA. — An open gallery on the upper floors of buildings, almost always with arches, rarely with an architrave. In church architecture it… -
Lombardi, Alfonso
LOMBARDI, ALFONSO. - Sculptor, b. probably in Ferrara in 1497, to Niccolò Cittadella of Lucca and to Eleonora L., d. in Bologna on 2 Dec.… -
Lombardi, Family (LOMBARDI, FAMIGLIA)
LOMBARDI, FAMILY. - A numerous dynasty of architects and sculptors, originally from the Canton of Ticino, whose surname Solari was almost… -
Longhena, Baldassare (LONGHENA, BALDASSARRE)
LONGHENA, BALDASSARE. - Architect, b. in Venice in 1598 to a Ticinese family (from Maroggia on Lake Lugano), d. there on 18 February 1682.… -
Longhi, Family (LONGHI, FAMIGLIA)
LONGHI, FAMILY. - Two painters: PIETRO, b. in 1702 in Venice, d. there on 8 May 1785. After a very unsuccessful attempt at monumental… -
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio and Pietro (LORENZETTI, AMBROGIO E PIETRO)
LORENZETTI, AMBROGIO AND PIETRO. - Brothers, Sienese painters. I. AMBROGIO. - The first universally accepted date concerning him is 1319.… -
Lorenzetto (Lorenzo Lotti, called Il) (LORENZETTO (LORENZO LOTTI, DETTO IL))
LORENZETTO (Lorenzo Lotti, called Il). - Sculptor and architect, b. in Florence on 23 June 1490, d. in Rome on 15 Dec. 1541. In June 1514… -
Lorenzo da Viterbo
LORENZO da VITERBO. - Properly L. di Jacopo di Pietro Paolo da V., painter b. ca. 1437 at Viterbo and d. after 1476. The only dates… -
Lorenzo di Credi
LORENZO di CREDI. - Painter, sculptor and goldsmith, b. in Florence in 1456 or in 1459-60, d. there on 12 Jan. 1537. Among his earliest… -
Lorenzo Monaco
LORENZO MONACO. - Italian painter, b. in Siena in 1370 or 1371, d. in 1425. He carried on his activity mainly in Florence, where he went at… -
Lorenzo Veneziano
LORENZO VENEZIANO. - Painter, documented from 1356 to 1379. He was in Bologna, Padua and perhaps Treviso. His dated works are the great… -
Lorraine, Gérard Desargues, detto il (LORENESE, GELLÉE CLAUDE, DETTO IL)
LORRAINE, Gérard Desargues, detto il. - Painter, b. at Chamagne (Lorraine) in 1600, d. in Rome on 23 Nov. 1682. His artistic life unfolded… -
Lotto, Lorenzo
LOTTO, LORENZO. - Painter, b. in Venice (?) around 1480, d. in Loreto in Sept. 1556. Already in his earliest works, his personality reveals… -
Lucas of Leyden (LUCA DA LEYDA)
LUCAS OF LEYDEN. - Flemish painter and engraver, born perhaps in May or June 1494, died at Leyden between May and August 1533. The earliest… -
Luini, Bernardino
LUINI, BERNARDINO. - Lombard painter, b. between 1480 and 1490, d. in Milan in 1532; his typically Lombard formation is evident in his… -
Lunette (LUNETTA)
LUNETTE. - In architecture, a lunette is understood as the space resulting from the meeting of a vault with a flat surface; thus in a bay… -
Mabuse, Jan Gossaert detto
MABUSE, JAN GOSSAERT detto. - Dutch, b. between 1470 and 1480. He came to Rome in 1508. Of his stay in Italy there remains a record in… -
Maccari, Cesare
MACCARI, CESARE. - Painter, b. in Siena on 9 May 1840, d. in Rome on 7 Aug. 1919. In his homeland he was successively a pupil of the… -
Macchiaioli
MACCHIAIOLI. - This name designates a group of painters active in Tuscany, and above all in Florence, in the second half of the 19th… -
Maderno, Carlo
MADERNO, CARLO. - Architect, b. at Capolago (Canton Ticino) in 1559, d. at Rome on 30 January 1629. Nephew of D. and G. Fontana, he… -
Maderno, Stefano
MADERNO, STEFANO. - Lombard sculptor, b. at Bissone in 1576, d. at Rome on 17 Sept. 1636. By 1600 he was already in Rome and completed his… -
Madonnari (MADONNERI)
MADONNARI. - This was the name given in Venice to those painters of sacred images, mostly of Cretan origin, who already in the 14th… -
Magnasco, Alessandro detto Il Lissandrino
MAGNASCO, ALESSANDRO detto il LISSANDRINO. - Painter, b. in Genoa in 1667, d. there on 12 March 1749, one of the most original figures of… -
Maitani, Lorenzo
MAITANI, LORENZO. - Sienese architect and sculptor, son of the sculptor Vitale di Lorenzo; the date of M.'s birth is not known, though it… -
Majolica (MAIOLICA)
MAJOLICA. - It is a variety of ceramics (v.), consisting of a body based on clay, firing in color, from red to flesh-pink. Its products,… -
Malczewski, Jacek (Malezewski, Giacinto)
MALCZEWSKI, Jacek (Malezewski, Giacinto). - Polish painter, b. at Radom in 1854, d. at Kraków in 1929. He studied at Kraków, in Paris and… -
Mandorla
MANDORLA - Christ seated within the m. Miniature from an Exultet (12th cent.) - Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense, cod. 724 B 1, 13. An… -
Mannerism (MANIERISMO)
MANNERISM. - The value of the term, much debated and variously limited by recent art historiography, is linked to that of "maniera". For… -
Mansart, Famiglia
MANSART, FAMILY. - A family of Parisian artists in the 17th-18th centuries. JEAN (d. 1618), a wood sculptor, was appointed in 1606… -
Mansueti, Giovanni di Niccolò
MANSUETI, GIOVANNI DI NICCOLÒ. - Venetian painter first mentioned in a document of 22 July 1485, d. ca. 1526. He is one of the minor… -
Mantegazza, Cristoforo and Antonio (MANTEGAZZA, CRISTOFORO E ANTONIO)
MANTEGAZZA, CRISTOFORO AND ANTONIO. - Sculptors, natives of Milan. Sons of Galeazzo, they initially worked as goldsmiths, perhaps in their… -
Mantegna, Andrea
MANTEGNA, ANDREA. - Born presumably at Isola di Carturo, in the Vicenza area, in 1431, d. at Mantua on 13 Sept. 1506. After having spent… -
Maratti, Carlo
MARATTI, CARLO. - Painter, b. at Camerano (Ancona) on 15 May 1625, d. at Rome on 15 Dec. 1713. Exponent and leader of the pictorial current… -
Marble (MARMO)
MARBLE. - For sculpture, the marbles most generally used are the white ones, called for that very reason statuary marbles, among which the… -
Marcillat, Guglielmo di Pietro de
MARCILLAT, GUGLIELMO di PIETRO de. - Painter, b. in France at the Castle of La Châtre, near Marcillat, from which he derived his name, d.… -
Marconi, Rocco
MARCONI, ROCCO. - Painter, b. probably in Treviso and d. in Venice shortly before 13 May 1529. The first records of his activity go back to… -
Margaritone of Arezzo (MARGARITONE DA AREZZO)
MARGARITONE da AREZZO - St. Francis, Montepulciano, Municipal Art Gallery. I. MARGHERITA DA CASTELLO (hours, curia of the Postmoderna of… -
Mariani, Cesare
MARIANI, CESARE. - Painter, b. in Rome on 13 Jan. 1826, d. there on 21 Feb. 1901. A pupil of Tommaso Minardi, he immediately stood out… -
Martini, Arturo
MARTINI, ARTURO. - Sculptor, b. at Treviso on 11 Aug. 1899, d. at Milan on 22 March 1947. After the school of the sculptor Carlini at… -
Martini, Francesco di Giorgio
MARTINI, FRANCESCO DI GIORGIO. - Painter, sculptor, architect, military engineer, b. in Siena in 1439, d. in Nov. 1501 (most documents call… -
Martini, Simone (Simone di Martino)
MARTINI, SIMONE (SIMONE di MARTINO). - Painter, b. in Siena, according to Vasari in 1284, d. in Avignon in 1344. Together with Pietro and… -
Masaccio, Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone Cassai, detto
MASACCIO, TOMMASO DI SER GIOVANNI DI SIMONE CASSAI, detto. - Painter, b. 21 Dec. 1401 at Castel S. Giovanni (S. Giovanni Valdarno… -
Masolino da Panicale
MASOLINO da PANICALE. - Painter, born to a certain Cristofano Fini in 1383 at Panicale di Valdelsa near Empoli (Florence) or at Valdarno… -
Massari, Giorgio
MASSARI, GIORGIO. - Architect, b. in Venice ca. 1686, d. there in 1766. He was trained in the Venetian milieu of the early 18th century,… -
Matejko, Jan (MATEYKO, JAN)
MATEJKO, JAN. - Polish painter, b. in Kraków on 30 June 1838, d. there on 1 Oct. 1893. He studied in Kraków, in Munich (1859-60) and in… -
Matroneum (MATRONEO)
MATRONEUM. - The part reserved for women in the early Christian churches (generally the right nave or the right transept), separated from… -
Matthew of Giovanni (Matthew of Siena) (MATTEO DI GIOVANNI (MATTEO DI SIENA))
MATTHEW OF GIOVANNI (Matthew of Siena). - Painter, b. perhaps at Borgo Sansepolcro between 1428 and 1433; d. in June 1495. The lack of… -
Mausoleum (MAUSOLEO)
MAUSOLEUM. - Designation of the splendid monument erected at Halicarnassus by Artemisia in memory of her husband Mausolus, lord of Caria… -
Mazzola Bedoli, Girolamo
MAZZOLA BEDOLI, GIROLAMO. - Painter, b. at Moile (today S. Lazzaro), in the province of Parma, around 1500, and d. there in 1569. From his… -
Mazzolino, Lodovico
MAZZOLINO, LODOVICO. - Painter, b. in Ferrara ca. 1480, d. there between 27 Sept. 1528 and 22 Dec. 1530. He was chiefly influenced by L.… -
Mazzoni, Guido
MAZZONI, GUIDO. - Sculptor, b. in Modena around 1450 and d. there on 13 Sept. 1518. He was called il Paganino, from the name of an uncle,… -
Medal (MEDAGLIA)
MEDAL. - The word m. derives from the Latin metalla and in the Middle Ages indicated the half-denarius or obol. When this fell into disuse,… -
Melozzo da Forlì
MELOZZO DA FORLÌ. - Painter, b. at Forlì on 8 June 1438, son of Giuliano di Melozzo degli Ambrogi, d. there on 8 Nov. 1494. Around 1460 he… -
Memling (Memlinc), Hans (MEMLINC (MEMLINC), HANS)
MEMLING (MEMLINC), HANS. - Flemish painter, b. in the region of Mainz, probably at Mömlingen, ca. 1433, d. at Bruges on 11 Aug. 1494. He… -
Memmi, Lippo (Lippo da Siena)
MEMMI, LIPPO (LIPPO DA SIENA). - Sienese painter, son of Memmo di Filippuccio, himself a painter, and brother-in-law of Simone Martini… -
Mengs, Anton Raphael
MENGS, ANTON RAPHAEL. - Painter, b. at Aussig in Bohemia on 22 March 1728, d. at Rome on 29 June 1779. Son of Ismael, himself also a… -
Meo di Francesco del Caprino
MEO DI FRANCESCO DEL CAPRINO. - Architect, b. at Settignano in 1430, d. at Rome in 1501. By 1467 he was already in Rome working as a… -
Metsys (Massys), Quentin
METSYS (MASSYS), QUENTIN. - Painter, b. in Louvain in 1466, d. in Antwerp in 1530. He is found in Antwerp in 1491, where in 1493 he… -
Michael Ongaro, called Pannonio (MICHELE ONGARO, DETTO PANNONIO)
MICHAEL ONGARO, called Pannonio. - Ferrarese painter, so called perhaps from his place of origin, d. before July 1464. There is a payment… -
Michelangelo Buonarroti (in autographs Michelagnolo) (MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (NEGLI AUTOGRAFI MICHELAGNIOLO))
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (in autographs Michelagnolo). - Sculptor, painter, architect and poet, b. at Caprese (today Caprese-Michelangelo)… -
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo
MICHELOZZO di BARTOLOMEO. - Sculptor and architect, b. in Florence in 1396, d. there on 7 Oct. 1472. His first activity took place in the… -
Michetti, Francesco Paolo
MICHETTI, FRANCESCO PAOLO. - Painter b. at Tocco Casauria on 2 Oct. 1851, d. at Francavilla a Mare on 5 March 1929. In 1868, having… -
Mielich, Hans
MIELICH, HANS. - Painter, miniaturist and engraver, b. in Munich in 1516, d. there in 1573. From his father he learned the rudiments of the… -
Mignard, Pierre, detto Mignard Le Romain
MIGNARD, Pierre, detto Mignard Le Romain. - Born at Troyes on 17 Nov. 1612, died at Paris on 30 May 1695. Brother of the painter Nicolas… -
Milizia, Francesco
MILIZIA, FRANCESCO. - Architectural theorist, b. at Oria in 1725, d. at Rome in 1798. He is a typical rationalist, but not without touches… -
Millet, Jean-François
MILLET, JEAN-FRANÇOIS. - Painter b. at Gruchy near Gréville on 4 Oct. 1814, d. at Barbizon on 20 Jan. 1875. He learned drawing and painting… -
Minardi, Tommaso
MINARDI, TOMMASO. - Painter, b. in Faenza on 4 Dec. 1787, d. in Rome on 13 Jan. 1871. A pupil of Giuseppe Zauli, having obtained a pension… -
Mino da Fiesole (M. di Giovanni Mini da Poppio or M. da Florentia) (MINO DA FIESOLE (M. DI GIOVANNI MINI DA POPPIO O M. DA FLORENTIA))
MINO DA FIESOLE (M. di Giovanni Mini da Poppio or M. da Florentia). - Sculptor, b. at Poppi in Casentino between 1430 and 1431, d. at… -
Mochi, Francesco
MOCHI, FRANCESCO. - Sculptor, b. at Montevarchi on 29 July 1580, d. at Rome on 6 Feb. 1654. At about the age of twenty he moved to Rome and… -
Modern Sacred Art (MODERNA, ARTE SACRA)
MODERN, SACRED ART. - It can be said that since the eighteenth-century movement of encyclopedism, sacred art no longer had that expression… -
Moncalvo, Caccia Guglielmo detto Il
MONCALVO, CACCIA GUGLIELMO detto il. - Painter, b. at Montabone (Acqui) around 1568, d. in 1625. He settled in 1593 at Moncalvo, whence the… -
Montagna, Bartolomeo
MONTAGNA, BARTOLOMEO. - Painter, b. perhaps at Orzinuovi (Brescia), active at Vicenza where he d. 11 Oct. 1523. In 1482 he was commissioned… -
Montañez, Juan Martínez (MONTAÑEZ, JUAN MARTINEZ)
MONTAÑEZ, JUAN MARTÍNEZ. - Spanish sculptor and architect, b. at Alcalá la Real (Jaén) on 16 March 1568 and d. at Seville on 18 June 1649.… -
Montauti, Antonio
MONTAUTI, ANTONIO. - Sculptor and architect, b. probably in Florence and d. there around 1740. He was a pupil of the skilled sculptor and… -
Montorsoli, Giovanni Antonio
MONTORSOLI, GIOVANNI ANTONIO. - Sculptor, b. in Villa Montorsoli near Florence (from which he derived his name) in 1507, d. in Florence on… -
Moosbrugger, Kaspar
MOOSBRUGGER, KASPAR. - Architect, b. July 22, 1656 at Au im Bregenzerwald, d. Aug. 26, 1723 at Einsiedeln. He worked in almost all of… -
Morales, Luis de, detto El Divino
MORALES, LUIS de, detto EL DIVINO. - Spanish painter, b. at Badajoz around 1500 and d. there on 9 May 1586. He was among the most active… -
Morazzone, Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli, detto Il
MORAZZONE, PIER FRANCESCO MAZZUCCHELLI, detto il. - Born at Morazzone, near Varese, in 1573, according to an anonymous eighteenth-century… -
Morelli, Domenico
MORELLI, DOMENICO. - Painter, b. in Naples on 8 July 1823, d. there on 13 Aug. 1901. A pupil at the Neapolitan Academy of Costanzo Angelini… -
Moretto, Alessandro Bonvicino detto Il
MORETTO, ALESSANDRO BONVICINO detto il. - Painter, b. in Brescia in 1498, d. there on 22 Dec. 1554. Between 1515 and 1518 he painted,… -
Morone, Domenico
MORONE, DOMENICO. - Painter, b. in Verona ca. 1442, d. there after 1517. His earliest dated work is the Madonna in the Berlin Museum… -
Mosaic (MUSAICO)
MOSAIC. - In Latin opus musivum (opere museo, in CIL, VIII, 1323), in Greek μοῦσα, μουσάκιον, μουσόμα, in later times metallica. It is a… -
Mosque (MOSCHEA)
MOSQUE. - A building for Muslim worship, which in its primitive type would derive, according to some, from the Arab dwelling house. The… -
Moulding (MODANATURA)
MOULDING. - A term that encompasses all the lesser members of the architectural orders. There are eight principal mouldings: fillet, bead… -
Multscher, Hans
MULTSCHER, HANS. - Sculptor and painter, b. shortly before 1400 at Reichenhofen in the Allgäu, d. in the first months of 1467 at Ulm.… -
Munari, Pellegrino
MUNARI, PELLEGRINO. - Painter, b. in Modena ca. 1465 and d. there, murdered in a brawl, in Dec. 1523. In 1509 he painted in his native city… -
Muntz, Eugène (MÜNTZ, EUGÈNE)
MUNTZ, EUGÈNE. - Archaeologist and art historian, b. 11 June 1845 at Soultz-sous-Förets near Strasbourg, d. 30 Oct. 1902 in Paris. He was a… -
Murano, School of Art of (MURANO, SCUOLA ARTISTICA DI)
MURANO, SCHOOL OF ART OF. - In the course of the 15th century, M. gave birth to a considerable number of artists who, although without… -
Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban
MURILLO, BARTOLOMÉ ESTEBAN. - Painter, b. in Seville on 31 Dec. 1617, d. there on 3 Apr. 1682. His father Gaspare Esteban was also a… -
Museum and Museology (MUSEO E MUSEOLOGIA)
MUSEUM AND MUSEOLOGY. - The term "museum" denotes a collection of works of art or of subjects from a particular historical period and… -
Muslim Art (MUSULMANA, ARTE)
MUSLIM ART. - The Arabs, by extending their religious and political occupation over the territories of North Africa and the Middle East,… -
Mussini, Augusto, Fra' Paolo
MUSSINI, AUGUSTO, FRA' PAOLO. - Painter, b. in Reggio Emilia on 20 Jan. 1870, d. in Rome on 1 Nov. 1918. Having soon become known as the… -
Mussini, Luigi
MUSSINI, LUIGI. - Painter, b. in Berlin on 19 Dec. 1813, d. in Siena on 18 June 1888. A pupil of Bezzuoli at the Florentine Academy, he… -
Nanni d'Antonio di Banco
NANNI D'ANTONIO di BANCO. - Sculptor, b. in Florence probably in 1390, d. there in 1421. In 1406 he was enrolled in the Guild of Master… -
Nanni di Bartolo, detto Il Rosso
NANNI di BARTOLO, detto il ROSSO. - Florentine sculptor active in the first half of the 15th century. In 1419 he received the commission… -
Nelli, Ottaviano (Ottaviano di Martino di Nello)
NELLI, OTTAVIANO (OTTAVIANO di MARTINO di NELLO). - Painter, b. at Gubbio ca. 1375, d. probably before 1450. He was very active, especially… -
Neoclassicism (NEOCLASSICISMO)
NEOCLASSICISM. - In a broad sense it can mean any deliberate or programmatic return to expressive forms of classical taste; thus one has… -
Neroccio di Bartolomeo Landi
NEROCCIO DI BARTOLOMEO LANDI. - Sienese painter, b. 1447, d. 1500, also active as a sculptor (statue of St. Catherine, 1470, Siena, Oratory… -
Nesterov, Michele
NESTEROV, MICHELE. - Russian painter, b. in 1862 at Ufa, d. in the early years of the 20th century. He was influenced by Perov and… -
Niccolò dell'Arca
NICCOLÒ dell'ARCA. - Also called N. da Bari or N. d'Apulia from his birthplace. Italian sculptor b. around 1435 and d. in Bologna in 1494.… -
Niche (EDICOLA)
NICHE. - The word, derived from the Latin "aedicula," a diminutive of "aedes" = temple, properly means a small temple, a small chapel,… -
Nicola of Guardiagrele (NICOLA DA GUARDIAGRELE)
NICOLA OF GUARDIAGRELE. - Abruzzese goldsmith and sculptor, b. in the last decade of the fourteenth century, d. before 1462. His first… -
Nicola of Verdun (NICOLA DA VERDUN)
NICOLA OF VERDUN. - Goldsmith, active between the 12th and 13th centuries. Recent studies (Réau) consider his entire activity to fall… -
Nicola Pisano
NICOLA PISANO. - Sculptor, son of Pietro, b. probably in Apulia around 1220, d. between 1278 and 1284; in documents he is called Nicolae de… -
Niello
NIELLO. - A name derived from the Latin nigellum, which denotes a particular kind of goldsmith's work in which a black paste composed of… -
Nino Pisano
NINO PISANO. - Sculptor and architect, b. in Pisa in the early years of the 14th century, d. there in 1368. He divided his activity among… -
Norman Sicilian, Art (SICULO NORMANNA, ARTE)
SICULO-NORMAN, ART. - Also called Siculo-Arab-Norman art: it is the name that 19th-century historians assigned to the Sicilian artistic… -
Novelli, Pietro, called Il Monrealese (NOVELLI, PIETRO, DETTO IL MONREALESE)
NOVELLI, PIETRO, detto il MONREALESE. - Painter, b. March 2, 1603 at Monreale, d. in August 1647 at Palermo, where he frequented Carrera's… -
Oderisi
ODERISI. - Illuminator, b. in Gubbio, but active in Bologna, where the documents show him present between 1268 and 1271. Dante mentions him… -
Olivieri, Pier Paolo
OLIVIERI, PIER PAOLO. - Sculptor and architect, b. in Rome in 1551 and d. there in 1599. Both in his architectural works and in his… -
Onofri, Vincenzo
ONOFRI, VINCENZO. - Bolognese sculptor, first recorded in 1493 for the payment for two statues of Bl. Albertus Magnus and of Raymond of… -
Opicino De Canistris
OPICINO de CANISTRIS. - Priest, draftsman and miniaturist of talent, b. at Lomello (Pavia) on 24 Dec. 1296, d. after 1334. In 1323 he… -
Orcagna, Andrea di Cione Arcagnolo, detto l'
ORCAGNA, ANDREA di CIONE ARCAGNOLO, detto l'. - Florentine painter, sculptor and architect, d. 1376. Recorded among the Florentine painters… -
Ordoñez, Bartolomé
ORDOÑEZ, BARTOLOMÉ. - Castilian sculptor, b. in Burgos toward the last decades of the 15th century, d. still young at Carrara on 10 Dec.… -
Ortolano, Giovanni Battista Benvenuti, known as L' (ORTOLANO, GIOVAN BATTISTA BENVENUTI, DETTO L')
ORTOLANO, Giovanni Battista Benvenuti, known as L'. - Painter, b. in Ferrara to Francesco di Benvenuto around 1485 (in 1512 he had passed… -
Ottonian Art (OTTONIANA, ARTE)
OTTONIAN, ART. - "Ottonian art" is the name given to the German art of the 10th century and the first twenty-five years of the 11th century… -
Overbeck, Friedrich
OVERBECK, FRIEDRICH. - Painter, b. in Lübeck on July 3, 1789, d. in Rome on Nov. 12, 1869 (buried in S. Bernardo alle Terme). First a pupil… -
Pacioli and Giovanni da Firenze (PACIO E GIOVANNI DA FIRENZE)
PACIO and GIOVANNI da FIRENZE - Florentine sculptors, who are found active in Naples in 1343, engaged on the mausoleum of Robert I of Anjou… -
Padéloup (Pasdeloup) (PADELOUP (PASDELOUP))
PADÉLOUP (PASDELOUP). - A family of French bookbinders active between the 17th and 18th centuries, of whom at least 12 members working… -
Painting (PITTURA)
PAINTING. - It can be defined as that complex of requirements and rules, subjective and objective, which an artist fulfills in order to… -
Pala
PALA. - Commonly confused with ancona (v.), a term better used to indicate compositions in carved wood or glazed terracotta, the term p.… -
Palladio, Andrea
PALLADIO, ANDREA. - Andrea di Pietro dalla Gondola, "monaro" (miller), b. on 30 Nov. (P. Gualdo) 1508 (as attested by three documents, of… -
Palma the Elder (Giacomo Negretti, called) (PALMA IL VECCHIO (GIACOMO NEGRETTI, DETTO))
PALMA THE ELDER (Giacomo Negretti, called). - Painter, b. at Serina around 1480, d. at Venice in 1528. The scarcity of biographical… -
Palma the Younger (Jacopo Negretti) (PALMA IL GIOVANE (JACOPO NEGRETTI))
PALMA THE YOUNGER (JACOPO NEGRETTI). - Painter, b. in Venice in 1544, d. there in 1628. Son of the painter Antonio P. and great-grandson of… -
Paolo Uccello
PAOLO UCCELLO. - Paolo di Dono, called P. U., b. ca. 1397 at Pratovecchio (Casentino), d. 10 December 1475 at Florence. He is one of the… -
Paolo Veneziano
PAOLO VENEZIANO. - Painter, b. at the end of the 1200s, d. in Venice between 1358 and 1362. The painting of P., the strongest artist of the… -
Paolo Veronese
PAOLO VERONESE. - Painter, b. in Verona to Gabriele Caliari, a stonecutter of Lombard origin, in 1528, d. in Venice on 9 April 1588. His… -
Papier-mâché (CARTAPESTA)
PAPIER-MÂCHÉ. - Papier-mâché (not to be confused with "Roman cardboard" or "carton pierre" or "elo-plastica," which is a refinement of… -
Parmigianino, Francesco Mazzola, detto Il
PARMIGIANINO, FRANCESCO MAZZOLA, called il — Painter and engraver, b. in Parma, son of Filippo, a painter of the Bellini school, on 11 Jan.… -
Pastura, Antonio del Massaro da Viterbo, detto Il
PASTURA, ANTONIO del MASSARO da VITERBO, detto il. - Painter of whom there is news for the first time in 1478, when he is remembered as a… -
Pedrini, Giovanni, detto Giampietrino
PEDRINI, GIOVANNI, detto GIAMPIETRINO. - Painter, active in the first half of the 16th century. The only dated work, if its disputed… -
Pelican (PELLICANO)
PELICAN. - A bird of the order Steganopodes, family Pelecanidae, which lives on the shores of lakes in warm regions; its white plumage… -
Pellipario, Nicola
PELLIPARIO, NICOLA. - Painter of majolica, b. at Casteldurante (Urbania) no later than 1480, d. before 1547. After working in his native… -
Permoser, Baltiasar
PERMOSER, BALTIASAR. - German sculptor, b. at Kammer, near Otting im Chiemgau, in Aug. 1651, d. at Dresden on 20 Feb. 1732. He was in Italy… -
Perugino, Pietro Vannucci detto Il
PERUGINO, PIETRO VANNUCCI detto il. - Painter, b. at Città di Castello in 1445. Despite the flourishing of studies around this artist, the… -
Peruzzi, Baldassarre
PERUZZI, BALDASSARRE. - Architect and painter, b. in Siena on 6 March 1481, d. in Rome on 6 Jan. 1536. At the age of 20, in Siena, he… -
Pesellino, Francesco di Stefano detto Il
PESELLINO, FRANCESCO DI STEFANO called il - Painter, b. in Florence ca. 1422, d. there in 1457. The lack of certain works makes it… -
Peter of Cortona (Berrettini, P.) (PIETRO DA CORTONA (BERRETTINI P.))
PETER OF CORTONA (BERRETTINI, PETER OF CORTONA). - Born at Cortona on 1 November 1596, died at Rome on 16 May 1669; he was a painter and… -
Pettrich, Ferdinand
PETTRICH, FERDINAND. - Sculptor, b. in Dresden on 3 Dec. 1798, d. in Rome on 14 Feb. 1872. He entered the good graces of Prince Anthony of… -
Philip of Campello (FILIPPO DI CAMPELLO)
PHILIP OF CAMPELLO. - Franciscan of the 13th century, born at Campello sul Clitunno, near Spoleto. A tradition founded on a brief of… -
Photomechanical Arts (FOTOMECCANICHE, ARTI)
PHOTOMECHANICAL ARTS. - This name designates those processes that allow images to be printed by means of a matrix which, instead of being… -
Piazzetta, Giambattista
PIAZZETTA, GIAMBATTISTA. - Painter, b. in Venice on 13 Feb. 1682, d. there on 28 Apr. 1754. Decisive for his formation was his long stay in… -
Pierin del Vaga, Pietro Buonaccorsi, called (PIERIN DEL VAGA, PIETRO BUONACCORSI, DETTO)
PIERIN DEL VAGA, PIETRO BUONACCORSI, detto. - Painter b. in Florence in 1501, d. in Rome on 19 Oct. 1547. He belongs to the Roman school of… -
Piero della Francesca
PIERO della FRANCESCA. - Born around 1416 at Borgo San Sepolcro, died there in 1492, this very great artist was in contact with the Sienese… -
Piero di Cosimo
PIERO di COSIMO. - Painter, b. in Florence in 1462, d. perhaps in 1521. He is one of the most singular personalities of the late Tuscan… -
Piero di Puccio
PIERO di PUCCIO. - Umbrian painter about whom little information is available. A document records him as an assistant of Ugolino di Prete… -
Pietà (Art) (PIETÀ (ARTE))
PIETÀ (Art). - It seems that the figurative model of the P., conceived as the mourning of the Madonna over the body of the dead Christ,…