Art & Architecture
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Creti, Donato
CRETI, DONATO. - Painter and engraver, b. in Cremona on 24 Feb. 1677, d. in Bologna on 29 Jan. 1749. He worked mostly in the latter city,… -
Crivelli, Carlo And Vittore (CRIVELLI, CARLO E VITTORE)
CRIVELLI, CARLO AND VITTORE. - Painters: CARLO b. in Venice between 1430-35 and d. there between 1493-95. He trained in the Paduan school… -
Crivelli, Taddeo
CRIVELLI, TADDEO. - Illuminator and painter, also called Taddeo da Ferrara, b. between 1420 and 1430 (it is uncertain whether at Mantua or… -
Cross (CROCE)
CROSS. - Instrument of torture, on which Jesus Christ died (Jn 19:17-31; Mt 27:32-42). SUMMARY: I. Instrument of torture. - II. Persons… -
Crystal in Art (CRISTALLO NELL'ARTE)
CRYSTAL IN ART. - Rock crystal (colorless transparent quartz) has been known since antiquity as a material for fashioning small objects.… -
Cubism (CUBISMO)
CUBISM. - This term designates one of the most significant tendencies in modern painting. It had its first manifestations at the beginning… -
Cuff (Basso Latin Cofea) (CUFFIA (BASSO LAT. COFEA))
CUFF (Basso Latin Cofea). - Generally a piece of cloth intended to protect or bind the hair of men or women, especially of nuns. Already… -
Cuspide
CUSP. - The term c. (or spire, pinnacle, arrow) commonly designates the highest part of a building that ends in a point. Cusps of this kind… -
Daddi, Bernardo
DADDI, BERNARDO. - Florentine painter of the so-called group of the "Giotteschi." Notices from c. 1317 (enrollment in the Arte dei medici e… -
Dalle Masegne, Jacobello and Pietropaolo (DALLE MASEGNE, JACOBELLO E PIETROPAOLO)
DALLE MASEGNE, JACOBELLO AND PIETROPAOLO. - Venetian sculptors and architects, brothers, also called "da Venezia". Of Pietropaolo, as… -
Dalmasio Lippo
DALMASIO LIPPO. - Also called L. delle Madonne; Bolognese painter, b. around 1352, d. between 1410 (date of his will) and 1421 (the year in… -
Damiano of Bergamo (DAMIANO DA BERGAMO)
DAMIANO OF BERGAMO. - In the world Zambelli D., an inlay-worker friar, born in Bergamo between 1490 and 1500, died in Bologna on 30 August… -
Dance of Death (DANZA MACABRA)
DANCE OF DEATH. - The theme is connected with the meditations common in the 14th and 15th centuries on the transience of human goods and… -
Daniele da Volterra
DANIELE DA VOLTERRA - The Assumption. Fresco in the Rovere Chapel in the Church of the Trinità dei Monti. The last figure on the right, in… -
Daniele da Volterra (Daniele Ricciarelli)
DANIELE da VOLTERRA (DANIELE RICCIARELLI). - Painter and sculptor, b. at Volterra ca. 1509, d. at Rome on 4 April 1566. His first pictorial… -
Danti, Vincenzo
DANTI, VINCENZO. - Sculptor and art theorist, b. in Perugia in 1530, d. there on 26 May 1576. A follower, though not a direct pupil, of… -
David, Gérard
DAVID, GÉRARD. - Painter, b. at Oudewater near Gouda (southern Holland) between 1450 and 1460, d. at Bruges on 13 Aug. 1523. He is the… -
David, Jacques-Louis
DAVID, JACQUES-LOUIS. - Painter, b. in Paris on 30 Aug. 1748, d. in Brussels on 29 Dec. 1825. He is the greatest painter of the… -
Deambulatory (DEAMBULATORIO)
DEAMBULATORY. - By d., or peribolos or ambulatory, is generally meant an annular corridor that runs around the apse, often continuing the… -
De Barbari, Jacopo
DE BARBARI, JACOPO. - Venetian painter and engraver, born in all likelihood in Venice between 1440 and 1450, died after 1511. Known in… -
De Bardi, Giovanni Di Antonio Minelli
DE BARDI, GIOVANNI di ANTONIO MINELLI. - Sculptor and architect, b. in Padua around the middle of the 15th century, d. in 1527. He is… -
De Carolis (De Karolis), Adolfo
DE CAROLIS (DE KAROLIS), ADOLFO. - Painter and engraver, b. at Montafiore dell'Aso, 6 Jan. 1874 and d. at Rome, 7 Feb. 1928. Having entered… -
Delacroix, Eugène
DELACROIX, EUGÈNE. - Painter b. at Charenton St-Maurice on 25 Apr. 1794, d. at Paris on 13 Aug. 1863. First a pupil of Guérin (1816) and… -
Del Colle, Raffaellino
DEL COLLE, RAFFAELLINO. - Raffaello di Michelangelo di Luca di Michelangelo dal Colle, painter, b. at Borgo Sansepolcro in about 1490, d.… -
Del Cossa, Francesco
DEL COSSA, FRANCESCO. - Painter, b. in Ferrara in 1436, d. there in 1478. Having settled in Bologna in 1470, he restored there in 1472 and… -
Del Duca, Jacopo
DEL DUCA, JACOPO. - Sicilian architect and sculptor; b. perhaps at Cefalù, around 1520, he assisted in Michelangelo's workshop in the last… -
De Litio, Andrea
DE LITIO, ANDREA. - Abruzzese painter of the second half of the fifteenth century. In the church of S. Maria Maggiore in Guardiagrele there… -
Della Gatta, Bartolomeo (Pier di Antonio dei)
DELLA GATTA, Bartolomeo (Pier di Antonio dei). - Camaldolese monk, painter, miniaturist and architect, b. in 1448 in Florence, d. in Arezzo… -
Della Greca
DELLA GRECA. - Two architects of this name were active in Rome in the seventeenth century. VINCENZO, b. at Palermo, d. after 1652. Having… -
Della Porta, Giacomo
DELLA PORTA, GIACOMO. - Born probably in Lombardy around 1540 and died in Rome in 1604. After a youthful period of activity in Genoa, where… -
Della Quercia, Jacopo
DELLA QUERCIA, JACOPO. - Sculptor, b. at Quercia, a castle near Siena, probably in 1367, d. there on 20 October 1438. Nothing precise is… -
Della Robbia, Family (DELLA ROBBIA, FAMIGLIA)
DELLA ROBBIA, FAMILY. - LUCA. Sculptor and modeller, b. in Florence in 1400, d. there on 10 February 1482. In 1431 he began the cantoria of… -
Denis, Maurice
DENIS, MAURICE. - Painter, b. at Granville (Manche) on 25 Nov. 1870, d. in Paris on 13 Nov. 1943. He is one of the most significant… -
Dente, Marco
DENTE, MARCO. - Engraver, b. in Ravenna ca. 1492; d. in Rome in 1527. A pupil of Marcantonio Raimondi, he did not have a strong personality… -
Deposition of Christ (DEPOSIZIONE DI CRISTO)
DEPOSITION OF CHRIST. - By this name is meant the scene depicting the removal of the dead Jesus from the Cross before his burial. The… -
Derand (Derrand), François
DERAND (DERRAND), FRANÇOIS. - French architect, b. in the diocese of Metz on 20 Feb. 1591, entered the Society of Jesus at Rouen on 25 Apr.… -
De Roberti, Ercole
DE ROBERTI, ERCOLE. - Painter, b. in Ferrara in 1456 (or c. 1450), d. in 1496. Since in documents he sometimes appears with his mother's… -
Derome (De Rome)
DEROME (DE ROME). - A family of Parisian bookbinders active from the 17th century onward, of which 14 members are known. The most famous is… -
De Rossi, Giovanni Antonio
DE ROSSI, GIOVANNI ANTONIO. - Architect, b. in Rome in 1616, d. there on 9 October 1695. Raised in the environment dominated by the great… -
De Rossi, Mattia
DE ROSSI, MATTIA. - Architect, b. in Rome on 14 Jan. 1637, d. there on 2 Aug. 1695; he worked with Bernini and accompanied him to France.… -
Desiderio da Settignano
DESIDERIO DA SETTIGNANO. - Florentine sculptor, b. at Settignano ca. 1428-31, d. January 16, 1464. Trained perhaps in the workshop of… -
Design (DISEGNO)
DESIGN. - It can be defined in summary as the graphic requirement of an artist, as it manifests itself both on sheets of paper (that is, in… -
Diaconicon (Διακονικόν), Diaconico
DIACONICON (Διακονικόν), DIACONICON. - ART. - A small room, often with an apse, found in basilical churches beside the apse, on the side… -
Diana, Benedetto Rusconi, detto Il
DIANA, BENEDETTO RUSCONI, detto il. - Painter, b. in Venice around 1460, d. there in 1525. In 1515, in collaboration with Lazzaro Bastiani,… -
Díaz del Ribero, Francisco (DIAZ DEL RIBERO, FRANCISCO)
DÍAZ DEL RIBERO, FRANCISCO. - Spanish sculptor and architect, b. at Mazcuerras (Santander) in Jan. 1592, d. at Granada on 1 Apr. 1670. He… -
Didron, Adolphe-Napoléon
DIDRON, ADOLPHE-NAPOLÉON. - Art historian, b. at Hautvillers (Marne) on 13 March 1806, d. in Paris on 13 Nov. 1867. He completed his early… -
Dientzenhofer Family (DIENTZENHOFER, FAMIGLIA)
DIENTZENHOFER, FAMILY - German architects originally from Aibling in Bavaria, divided into two branches, one active in Bamberg and the… -
Diptych (DITTICO)
DIPTYCH. - I. ART. - From δίς = twice and πύσσειν = to fold. This name was given to two tablets or leaves joined on one side by a hinge or… -
Divisionism (DIVISIONISMO)
DIVISIONISM. - Name of a particular painting technique connected with Impressionism and with scientific theories of color. The principle on… -
Dolci, Carlo
DOLCI, CARLO. - Painter, b. in Florence on 25 May 1616, d. there on 17 Jan. 1686. A pupil of Jacopo Vignali and of Matteo Rosselli, his… -
Dome (CUPOLA)
DOME. - It is a hemispherical vault of raised semicircular, depressed or pointed profile resulting from the rotation of polycentric curves,… -
Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri, called Il) (DOMENICHINO (DOMENICO ZAMPIERI, DETTO IL))
DOMENICHINO (Domenico Zampieri, called Il). - Painter, b. in Bologna on 21 Oct. 1581, d. in Naples on 6 Apr. 1641. In his native city he… -
Domenico di Bartolo
DOMENICO di BARTOLO - Sienese painter, b. at Asciano di Siena. By 1428 he was already enrolled in the register of Sienese painters, and in… -
Domenico, Venetian (DOMENICO, VENEZIANO)
DOMENICO, VENEZIANO. Venetian painter, as can be gathered from his name, active in Florence, where he died in 1461. Very little information… -
Donatello (Donato Di Niccolò De' Bardi)
DONATELLO (Donato Di Niccolò De' Bardi). - Sculptor, b. in Florence in 1386, d. there in 1466. Alongside Brunelleschi, architect, and… -
Donner, Georg Raphael
DONNER, GEORG RAPHAEL. - Austrian sculptor, b. at Esslingen on 24 May 1693, d. at Vienna on 15 Feb. 1741. A pupil from 1706 of Giovanni… -
Doré, Paul-Gustave
DORÉ, PAUL-GUSTAVE. - French engraver, painter and sculptor, b. in Strasbourg on 6 Jan. 1832, d. in Paris on 23 Jan. 1883. His truly… -
Dosio, Giovanni Antonio
DOSIO, GIOVANNI ANTONIO. - Architect and sculptor, b. in 1535 at Florence or San Gimignano, d. after 1609 at Naples or Rome. He was sixteen… -
Dossale
DOSSALE. - The term derives from the barbaric Latin dossalis; it is the word used to designate the cloth employed to cover walls, seats,… -
Dosso
DOSSO. - GIOVANNI DOSSI, called D., son of Nicola dei Luteri of Trentino, born in Ferrara probably after 1480, died there in 1542. The… -
Drum (TAMBURO)
DRUM. - A wall structure connecting the pendentives and the dome, cylindrical or prismatic in shape, generally, in the latter case, with an… -
Dublocq, Jean
DUBLOCQ, JEAN. - Belgian architect, b. at Mons on 25 March 1583, d. there on 25 Jan. 1656. Having entered the Society of Jesus as a… -
Duccio di Buoninsegna
DUCCIO di BUONINSEGNA. - Sienese painter. The first record of his activity is from 1278, the year in which the Commune of Siena paid him… -
Dupre, Giovanni (DUPRÈ, GIOVANNI)
DUPRE, GIOVANNI. - Born in Siena on March 1, 1817, died in Florence on Jan. 10, 1882. A pupil in Florence of L. Magi and V. Cambi, he was… -
Duquesnoy, François, detto Il Fiammingo (DU QUESNOY, FRANÇOIS, DETTO IL FIAMMINGO)
DUQUESNOY, François, detto Il Fiammingo. - Sculptor, b. in Brussels on 12 January 1594, d. in Livorno on 12 July 1643. He received his… -
Dürer, Albrecht
DÜRER, ALBRECHT. - German painter, woodcut artist, engraver, draughtsman and art theorist; b. in Nuremberg on 21 May 1471, d. there on 6… -
Ecclesiastical Architecture (ARCHITETTURA ECCLESIASTICA)
ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE. - 1. GENERALITÀ. - Buildings for ecclesiastical use respond first of all to the requirements of worship (v.… -
Elsheimer, Adam
ELSHEIMER, ADAM. - Painter and engraver, b. in Frankfurt am Main in 1576, d. in Rome on 11 Dec. 1610 and buried in the church of S. Lorenzo… -
Embriachi (Embriaci)
EMBRIACHI (EMBRIACI). - A family of carvers in bone and ivory active in Venice between the 14th and 15th centuries. BALDASSARRE is the most… -
Embroidery (RICAMO)
EMBROIDERY. - Needlework on a pre-existing ground, clearly distinct from lace or needle-lace, whose ground is worked after the ornaments in… -
Empoli, Jacopo Chimenti detto L'
EMPOLI, JACOPO CHIMENTI detto l'. - Painter b. at Empoli ca. 1554, d. at Florence on 30 Sept. 1640, a pupil of Maso di S. Friano, a… -
Enamel (SMALTO)
ENAMEL. - In goldsmiths' workshops, enamels have always had, in every era, a notable application for the decoration of objects. The… -
Encaustic (ENCAUSTO)
ENCAUSTIC. - It is among the oldest known types of painting with an advanced technique; substantially, that painting can be defined as… -
Engraving (INCISIONE)
ENGRAVING. - It is properly the art of incising figures, ornaments, etc., on any surface. It can therefore be an end in itself, as in… -
Etching (ACQUAFORTE)
ETCHING. - (From the medieval name of nitric acid, aqua fortis). A print obtained by means of a copper plate in which the grooves that… -
Expressionism (ESPRESSIONISMO)
EXPRESSIONISM. - This name designates an artistic movement which in the field of painting acquired a definiteness of orientations and… -
Fabbris, Giuseppe
FABBRIS, GIUSEPPE. - Sculptor, b. at Nove di Bassano on 19 Aug. 1790, d. at Rome on 22 Aug. 1860. He studied in Milan with Gaetano Monti… -
Fancelli Family (FANCELLI, FAMIGLIA)
FANCELLI FAMILY. - Tuscan artists, among whom are, in chronological order, Luca, Domenico, Pandolfo, Cosimo. LUCA (b. at Settignano in… -
Fansaga (Fansago, Fanzago, Fonsaga), Cosimo
FANSAGA (Fansago, Fanzago, Fonsaga), Cosimo. - Architect, sculptor and decorator, b. at Clusone (Bergamo) in 1592, d. at Naples on 13 Feb.… -
Fattori, Giovanni
FATTORI, GIOVANNI. - Painter, b. in Livorno on 6 Sept. 1825, d. in Florence on 30 Aug. 1908. He is the most famous and the greatest of the… -
Ferrari (de Ferrari), Defendente
FERRARI (DE FERRARI), DEFENDENTE. - Piedmontese painter of the 16th century, whose known works date from 1500 (Assumption, Museum of… -
Ferrari, Gaudenzio
FERRARI, GAUDENZIO. - Piedmontese painter, b. at Valduggia, near Borgosesia, c. 1471 (according to others c. 1480), d. at Milan on 31… -
Ferrata, Ercole
FERRATA, ERCOLE. - Sculptor, b. at Pellio inferiore (Como) in 1610, d. in Rome on 10 July 1686. He worked in Naples and in the Abruzzi,… -
Ferri, Ciro
FERRI, CIRO. - Painter, b. in Rome in 1634, d. there on 13 Sept. 1689. He was a pupil and collaborator of Pietro Berrettini da Cortona.… -
Ferrucci Family (FERRUCCI, FAMIGLIA)
FERRUCCI FAMILY. - Famiglia di scultori (secc. XV e XVI) originaria di Fiesole. Sono maggiormente degni di menzione: -
Filarete
FILARETE. - Antonio Averlino or Averulino, called il F., Italian sculptor and architect, b. in Florence around 1400, d. after 1465. The son… -
Filigree (FILIGRANA)
FILIGREE. - I. NELL'ARTE. - This name designates a work of goldsmithing in gold or silver threads twisted together, interwoven to form… -
Finiguerra, Maso
FINIGUERRA, MASO. - Goldsmith, niellist and draughtsman, b. in Florence in March 1426, d. there in Aug. 1464. A pupil of his father… -
Fiorenzo Di Lorenzo
FIORENZO di LORENZO. - Painter, b. in Perugia ca. 1445, d. before 1525. Educated in the traditionalist Umbrian milieu that had in Niccolò… -
Fischer Von Erlach, Johann Bernhard (FISCHER, ERLACH JOHANN BERNHARD VON)
FISCHER VON ERLACH, JOHANN BERNHARD. - Architect, b. in Graz in 1656, d. in Vienna on 5 April 1723. He is the greatest of the Austrian… -
Flagellation (FLAGELLAZIONE)
FLAGELLATION. - A means of punishment, variously employed, inflicted by blows of a whip or bundles of rods or flexible switches. Much used… -
Flandrin, Jean-Hippolyte (FLANDRIN, JEAN-HYPPOLITE)
FLANDRIN, JEAN-HIPPOLYTE. - Born in Lyons on 23 March 1809, died in Rome on 31 March 1864. After studying in his homeland from 1829, he was… -
Flemish, Art (FIAMMINGA, ARTE)
FLEMISH, ART. - By the term Flemish art is meant the complex of artistic manifestations proper to the southern Netherlands, that is, to the… -
Flight Into Egypt (FUGA IN EGITTO)
FLIGHT INTO EGYPT. - Episode in the life of Jesus, which occurred after the visit of the Magi and is briefly narrated in Mt. 2:13. Herod,… -
Foggini, Gian Battista
FOGGINI, GIAN BATTISTA. - Sculptor and architect, b. in Florence on 25 Apr. 1652 and d. there on 12 Apr. 1725. He studied the works of… -
Fontana
FONTANA. - By fountain is meant an architectural-sculptural structure, of varying size, suited to receiving water and distributing it, for… -
Fontana, Prospero
FONTANA, PROSPERO - St. Alexis Distributing His Goods to the Poor. Bologna, church of S. Giacomo Maggiore. Madonna del Baraccano, St.… -
Foppa, Vincenzo
FOPPA, VINCENZO. - Painter, b. in Brescia ca. 1427 and d. in the same city in 1515 or 1516. A pupil first, perhaps, in the workshop of the… -
Fouquet, Jean
FOUQUET, JEAN. - French painter, b. at Tours in 1420, d. there in 1483. One of the artists most representative of the taste and the… -
Fracassini, Cesare
FRACASSINI, CESARE - Painter b. in Rome on 18 Dec. 1838, d. there on 13 Dec. 1868. A pupil of the Accademia di S. Luca and of Minardi,… -
Franceschini, Marcantonio
FRANCESCHINI, MARCANTONIO. - Painter, b. in Bologna on 5 April 1648 and d. there on 24 December 1729. A pupil of Galli-Bibiena and then of… -
Francesco (b. 1437, d. after 1492), son of Simone di Nanni who was assistant to Ghiberti (FRANCESCO (N. NEL 1437, M. DOPO IL 1492), FIGLIO DI QUEL SIMONE DI NANNI CHE FU AIUTO DEL GHIBERTI)
FRANCESCO (b. 1437, d. after 1492), son of that Simone di Nanni who was Ghiberti's assistant. Perhaps a collaborator of Desiderio da… -
Francia Bigio, Francesco di Cristofano, detto il (FRANCIAIBIGIO, FRANCESCO DI CRISTOFANO, DETTO IL)
FRANCIA BIGIO, Francesco di Cristofano, detto il. - Painter, b. perhaps in Florence, to a Milanese father, ca. 1482; d. there in 1552. A… -
Francis of Bologna (FRANCO DA BOLOGNA)
FRANCIS OF BOLOGNA. - 13th-century illuminator, mentioned by Dante (Purgatorio, X, 82-85) in contrast to Oderisi da Gubbio as an innovator.… -
Fresco (AFFRESCO)
FRESCO. - This is the name given to any wall painting executed with colors dissolved in water on a thin layer of still "fresh" plaster,… -
Friends of Sacred Art (AMICI DELL'ARTE SACRA)
FRIENDS OF SACRED ART. - Le disposizioni pontifice per l'arte sacra, emanate nel 1925, prevedono l'istituzione presso ogni diocesi, alle… -
Fries, Johann
FRIES, JOHANN. - Painter, b. in Fribourg ca. 1465, d. perhaps in Bern in 1518. He is one of the greatest Swiss artists, and his painting,… -
Frieze (FREGIO)
FRIEZE. - The central zone of the entablature, between the architrave and the cornice, of a character that varies according to the… -
Froment, Nicolas
FROMENT, NICOLAS. - French painter, b. at Uzès. Information about him runs from 1461, the year in which he painted the triptych with the… -
Frontone
FRONTONE. - The upper terminal part of a facade, generally triangular in shape so as to follow the slope of the roof. It was adopted in the… -
Fuga, Ferdinando
FUGA, FERDINANDO. - Architect, b. in Florence in 1699, d. in Rome in 1781. In his homeland he was a pupil of Foggini; while still very… -
Führich, Joseph von
FÜHRICH, Joseph von. - Painter and engraver, b. 8 Feb. 1800 at Kratzan in Bohemia, d. in Vienna on 13 March 1876. After studying in his… -
Fungai, Bernardino Cristofano
FUNGAI, BERNARDINO CRISTOFANO. - Painter, b. in Siena to Nicolò the furrier and baptized there on 14 Sept. 1460, d. there in 1516. In 1482… -
Furini, Francesco
FURINI, FRANCESCO. - Painter and poet, b. in Florence around 1600 and died in the same city on 15 Aug. 1646. He was a pupil of Passignano… -
Fusina, Andrea
FUSINA, ANDREA. - Italian sculptor and architect, d. in Milan in 1526. He is the author in Milan of many funerary monuments, the first of… -
Gaddi, Taddeo and Agnolo (GADDI, TADDEO E AGNOLO)
GADDI, TADDEO AND AGNOLO. - Florentine painters of the 14th century. TADDEO (recorded for the years 1327-66) was a disciple of Giotto and,… -
Gagini, Family (GAGINI, FAMIGLIA)
GAGINI, FAMILY. - Architects and sculptors originally from Bissone on Lake Lugano, active during the 15th and 16th centuries in northern… -
Gagliardi, Pietro
GAGLIARDI, PIETRO. - Painter, b. in Rome in 1809, d. in Frascati on 18 Sept. 1890. He is among the most characteristic representatives of… -
Galasso
GALASSO. - Under the name of G. di Matteo Piva there has been taking shape, in recent decades, the figure of a fifteenth-century Ferrarese… -
Galilei, Alessandro
GALILEI, ALESSANDRO. - Architect, b. in Florence on 25 July 1691, d. in Rome on 21 Dec. 1736. He spent seven years of his youth in England,… -
Gallego, Fernando
GALLEGO, FERNANDO. - Spanish painter, b. ca. 1440. Although his name indicates that he was a native of Galicia, tradition holds that he was… -
Gandolfi, Family (GANDOLFI, FAMIGLIA)
GANDOLFI, FAMILY. - Bolognese painters. During the second half of the eighteenth century and beyond, the brothers Ubaldo and Gaetano G.,… -
Garofalo, Benvenuto Tisi detto Il
GAROFALO, Benvenuto Tisi detto Il. - Painter, b. probably in Ferrara in 1481, d. there on 6 July 1559. He was called il G. from his… -
Gemito, Vincenzo
GEMITO, VINCENZO. - Sculptor, b. in Naples on 16 July 1852, d. there on 1 March 1929, is to be ranked among the greatest Italian artists of… -
Gemme
GEMME. - The use of gems, especially in rings, was very widespread in the Roman world, and fashion ensured that it continued among… -
Genii and Amores (GENII E AMORI)
GENII AND AMORES. - 1. In pagan art. - The concept of the Genius, so etymologically precise in the ancient Roman religion, became altered… -
Gentile da Fabriano
GENTILE DA FABRIANO. - Gentile di Niccolò di Giovanni di Massio, painter, b. at Fabriano ca. 1370, d. at Rome in 1427. The biographical… -
Gentileschi Family (GENTILESCHI, FAMIGLIA)
GENTILESCHI FAMILY. - ORAZIO LOMI, called il G., painter, b. in Pisa in 1562 (?), d. in London in 1647 (or 1638). He was a pupil in Tuscany… -
Ghezzi, Giuseppe
GHEZZI, GIUSEPPE. - Painter and draughtsman, b. at Comunanza near Ascoli Piceno on 6 Nov. 1634 and d. in Rome on 10 Nov. 1721. He received… -
Ghezzi, Pier Leone
GHEZZI, PIER LEONE. - Painter and draughtsman, b. in Rome on 28 June 1674 and d. there on 5 March 1755. He was set on the path of art by… -
Ghiberti, Lorenzo
GHIBERTI, LORENZO. - Bronze sculptor and writer on art, b. in Florence in 1378, d. there in 1455. In Florence he is the greatest… -
Ghiera
GHIERA. - A moulding that profiles the extrados of an arch. It is used especially in pre-Romanesque and Romanesque architecture, to which… -
Ghirlandaio, Family (GHIRLANDAIO, FAMIGLIA)
GHIRLANDAIO, FAMILY. - A family of Florentine painters. The eldest was DOMENICO, b. in Florence in 1449, d. there on 11 Jan. 1494: his… -
Ghislandi, Vittore, called Fra' Galgario (GHISLANDI, VITTORE, DETTO FRA' GALGARIO)
GHISLANDI, Vittore, called Fra' Galgario. - Painter, a Minim friar, b. in Bergamo on 4 March 1655, d. there at the age of 88 in the first… -
Giada
GIADA. - A hard stone used in China in the industrial arts: it comes from two silicates, nephrite and jadeite, the first of calcium and… -
Giambologna
GIAMBOLOGNA. - Jean Boulogne, called Giambologna, sculptor, b. at Douai in 1529, d. at Florence on 13 Aug. 1608. At first a pupil of the… -
Gian Cristoforo Romano
GIAN CRISTOFORO ROMANO. - Sculptor, architect, medallist, son of Isaia da Pisa (v.), born in Rome in 1470, died at Loreto on 31 May 1512.… -
Giaquinto, Corrado (GIAQUINTO (GIAQUINTO), CORRADO)
GIAQUINTO, CORRADO. - Painter, b. at Molfetta in 1703, d. at Naples in 1765. At Naples, in 1719, after a very brief stay with N. M. Rossi,… -
Gilding (DORATURA)
GILDING. - The use of gilding on objects, sculptures and architecture goes back to the most remote antiquity. The absolutely primordial… -
Giocondo, Fra'
GIOCONDO, FRA'. - Giovanni da Verona, a Dominican known as fra' G., architect, b. at Verona around 1433, d. at Rome on 1 July 1515. An… -
Giordano, Luca
GIORDANO, LUCA. - Painter and engraver, b. in Naples in 1632, d. there on 12 Jan. 1705. He received his first instruction from his father;… -
Giorgione, Giorgio da Castelfranco detto Il
GIORGIONE, Giorgio da Castelfranco detto Il. - Painter, b. at Castelfranco Veneto probably in 1477 or 1478, d. at Venice shortly before 25… -
Gioteschi (GIOTTESCHI)
GIOTESCHI. - Until the beginning of this century this term designated more or less all the Florentine painters of the fourteenth century.… -
Giotto di Bondone
GIOTTO di BONDONE. - Painter and architect, b. at Colle di Vespignano in Mugello, in all probability in 1267, d. at Florence in 1337. An… -
Giovanetti, Matteo (Gianetti, Matteo Di Giovannetto) (GIOVANNETTI, MATTEO (GIANETTI, MATTEO DI GIOVANETTO))
GIOVANETTI, Matteo (Gianetti, Matteo Di Giovannetto). - Painter, b. in Viterbo, active between 1343 and 1366 in the Palace of the Popes in… -
Giovanni, Dalmatian (GIOVANNI, DALMATA)
GIOVANNI, DALMATIAN. - Sculptor and architect, b. at Traù around 1440, d. after 1509. In 1464 he sculpted a bust of Pius II. Another famous… -
Giovanni Da Udine
GIOVANNI da UDINE. - Painter and architect, b. at Udine on 27 Oct. 1487 into the Ricamatori family, d. at Rome in 1564. At first a pupil of… -
Girardon, François
GIRARDON, FRANÇOIS. - French sculptor, b. at Troyes on 16 March 1628 and d. at Paris on 1 September 1715. His first works (a Virgin and a… -
Giunta Pisano
GIUNTA PISANO. - Painter active in the mid-13th century. After more recent criticism, chiefly through the work of Bacci, has ruled out that… -
Giusto De' Menabuoi
GIUSTO de' MENABUOI. - Florentine painter, also called "da Padova" because he worked predominantly in that city, where he is documented… -
Glass (VETRO)
GLASS. - The most remote examples of glassmaking with an artistic character date back, in the Mediterranean basin, to the eighteenth… -
Goes, Uco Van Der
GOES, UCO van der. - Painter, b. probably in Ghent in the first half of the 15th century, he is to be considered one of the greatest… -
Goldsmithing (OREFICERIA)
GOLDSMITHING. - I. PALEOCRISTIAN GOLDSMITHING. - In the biographies of the popes, in the Liber Pontificalis, one finds lists of precious… -
Gonçalves, Nuno
GONÇALVES, NUNO. - He is the greatest Portuguese painter of the 15th century. Francisco de Olanda proclaimed him one of the greatest… -
Gothic, Art (GOTICA, ARTE)
GOTHIC, ART. - The designation "Gothic," more properly applied in origin to ogival architecture, but later extended to all the arts of that… -
Goya y Lucientes, Francisco José
GOYA Y LUCIENTES, FRANCISCO JOSÉ. - Spanish painter, b. at Fuendetodos near Saragossa on 30 March 1746 and d. at Bordeaux on 16 Apr. 1828.… -
Gozzoli, Benozzo
GOZZOLI, BENOZZO. - Painter, b. in Florence ca. 1420, d. in Pistoia on 4 Oct. 1497. His real name was Benozzo di Lese di Sandro, and the… -
Grammatica (della Grammatica), Antiveduto (GRAMATICA (DELLA GRAMATICA), ANTIVEDUTO)
GRAMATICA (della GRAMATICA), ANTIVEDUTO. - Roman painter; from a family originally from Siena. Born ca. 1577, died in Rome on 13 January… -
Grandi, Francesco
GRANDI, FRANCESCO. - Painter, b. in Rome on 21 Apr. 1831, d. there in 1891. A pupil of Lodovico Venuti and of the Accademia di S. Luca, he… -
Granzotto, Claudio
GRANZOTTO, CLAUDIO. - Franciscan, sculptor, b. at S. Lucia di Piave on 23 Aug. 1900, d. at Padua in the odor of sanctity on 15 Aug. 1947. A… -
Grechetto, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, detto Il
GRECHETTO, GIOVANNI BENEDETTO CASTIGLIONE, detto il. - Genoese painter, b. in Genoa in 1610 (?), d. in Mantua in 1665. He had a mannerist… -
Greco, Domenico Theotokopoulos, called Il (GRECO, DOMENICO THEOTOKOPULI, DETTO IL)
GRECO, Domenico Theotokopoulos, called Il. - Painter, b. in Candia on 1 Oct. 1541, d. in Toledo on 7 Apr. 1614. Having come to Italy, to… -
Grimaldi, Francesco
GRIMALDI, FRANCESCO. - Architect and Theatine monk, b. in 1545 at Oppido di Lucania and d. probably around 1630. Active especially in… -
Grisailles
GRISAILLES. - By g. is meant either a painting that imitates sculpture using only gray tones, or a first sketch in which the white of the… -
Grotesques (GROTTESCHE)
GROTESQUES. - Wall decorations in stucco or fresco, depicting plant forms, human or animal figures often of strange shapes, and… -
Gruamonte
GRUAMONTE. - Sculptor active in Pistoia in the second half of the 12th century, known for having signed, together with his brother… -
Grünewald, Mathis
GRÜNEWALD, MATHIS. - Born probably in Aschaffenburg in the second half of the 15th century, active from 1500 to 1528 in the cities of the… -
Guala, Pietro Francesco
GUALA, PIETRO FRANCESCO. - Painter, b. at Casale Monferrato on 21 Sept. 1698, d. at Milan on 7 Feb. 1757. Very few biographical notices… -
Guardì, Francesco de' (GUARDI, FRANCESCO DE')
GUARDÌ, Francesco de'. - Painter, b. 5 Oct. 1712 in Venice, d. there 1 Jan. 1793. He was a pupil and a ring on the right hand, over the… -
Guariento Padovano
GUARIENTO PADOVANO. - Painter, son of Arpo, he is documented in Padua from 1338 to 1365; in 1365 he was summoned to Venice for the frescoes… -
Guarini, Guarino
GUARINI, GUARINO. - Theatine religious, architect, b. at Modena on 17 January 1624, d. at Milan on 6 March 1683. At a young age he became a… -
Guazzo
GUAZZO. - Gouache painting is that which uses a gum as the gluten, or vehicle, of the color instead of animal glues, wax and egg white… -
Guercino, Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, detto Il (GUERCINO, GIOVAN FRANCESCO BARBIERI, DETTO IL)
GUERCINO, Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, detto Il. - Painter, b. at Cento on 8 Feb. 1591, d. at Bologna on 22 Dec. 1666; he was called il G.… -
Guglielmo Da Pisa
GUGLIELMO DA PISA. - Sculptor active in Pisa from 1159 to 1162 for the pulpit of the cathedral, afterwards replaced at Cagliari by that of… -
Guidetto
GUIDETTO. - Architect and sculptor, active between the last decades of the 12th century and the first half of the following one. Probably… -
Guido da Siena
GUIDO DA SIENA. - Sienese painter, active in the first half of the 13th century; in 1221 (others read 1271) he signed and dated the panel… -
Guido di Como (Guido Bigarelli)
GUIDO DI COMO (GUIDO BIGARELLI). - Sculptor, b. perhaps at Arogno, he lived for a long time in Tus- > (by courtesy of Msgr. A. P. Frato)… -
Hayez, Francesco
HAYEZ, FRANCESCO. - Painter, b. in Venice on 11 Feb. 1791, d. in Milan on 11 Feb. 1882. A pupil of Lattanzio Quarena and, at the Academy,… -
Hildebrandt, Johann Lucas von
HILDEBRANDT, JOHANN LUCAS von. - Architect, b. in Genoa on 14 Nov. 1668, d. in Vienna on 16 Nov. 1745. His father, a German, was a soldier… -
Holbein, Hans the Elder (HOLBEIN, HANS, IL VECCHIO)
HOLBEIN, HANS THE ELDER. - German painter and engraver, b. probably between 1460 and 1470 at Augsburg, d. in 1524 at Isenheim. There is… -
Holbein, Hans the Younger (HOLBEIN, HANS, IL GIOVANE)
HOLBEIN, HANS THE YOUNGER. - German painter and engraver, b. in Augsburg in the winter of 1497-1498 and d. between 7 Oct. and 29 Nov. 1543… -
Holy Trinity (TRINITÀ, SANTISSIMA)
HOLY TRINITY. - The Trinitarian mystery, the revelation to humanity of the intimate constitution of God, is enunciated in the following… -
Honthorst, Gerard Van (Gherardo Delle Notti)
HONTHORST, GERARD van (GHERARDO delle NOTTI). - Painter, b. in Utrecht on 4 Nov. 1590, d. there on 27 Apr. 1656. He belongs to a family of… -
Houdon, Jean-Antoine
HOUDON, JEAN-ANTOINE. - French sculptor, b. March 20, 1741 in Paris and d. there July 16, 1828. A pupil of M. Slodtz, he won the "prix de… -
Hübsche, Heinrich (HÜBSCH, HEINRICH)
HÜBSCHE, HEINRICH. - German architect, b. at Weinheim, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, on 9 February 1795, d. at Karlsruhe, on 3 April 1863.… -
Iacobello del Fiore
IACOBELLO DEL FIORE. - Painter. There is evidence of him from 1400 onward; d. in 1439. In his youthful paintings (the antependium of St.… -
Iacopino da Tradate
IACOPINO DA TRADATE. - Lombard sculptor, he took part in the works for the construction of Milan Cathedral from 1401 to 1425, and in 1407… -
Iacopino del Conte
IACOPINO DEL CONTE. - Painter b. in Florence in 1510, d. in Rome on 9 January 1598. A pupil of Andrea del Sarto, he also came under the… -
Iacopino di Francesco dei Bavosi or dei Papazzoni, known as Iacopo da Bologna (IACOPINO DI FRANCESCO DEI BAVOSI O DEI PAPAZZONI, DETTO IACOPO DA BOLOGNA)
IACOPINO di FRANCESCO dei BAVOSI or dei PAPAZZONI, called IACOPO da BOLOGNA. - Bolognese painter, recorded in documents from 1360 to 1383… -
Iacopo da Camerino
IACOPO DA CAMERINO. - Mosaicist friar, assistant to Torriti in the apse mosaic of St. John Lateran, completed ca. 1292. In the lower mosaic… -
Iacopo (Lapo) Tedesco
IACOPO (LAPO) TEDESCO. - Legendary 13th-century architect, whom Vasari in the second edition of the Vite (1568) says came from Germany to… -
Icons (ICONE)
ICONS. - A Greek word meaning image, which has come into use to indicate portable paintings with sacred images from the early centuries,… -
Illumination (MINIATURA)
ILLUMINATION. - Properly, the art of painting or adorning manuscripts; an ornamentation that in antiquity was executed predominantly with… -
Imperial Style (IMPERO, STILE)
IMPERIAL STYLE. - Designation of the phase of Neoclassical style adopted and diffused as the official aesthetic expression of the… -
Impressionism (IMPRESSIONISMO)
IMPRESSIONISM. - The term I. and the adjectives derived from it generally serve to indicate a painting in patches, summary, rapid, intended… -
Ingenio, Andrea d'Aloigi d'Assisi, called (INGEGNO, ANDREA D'ALOIGI D'ASSISI, DETTO)
INGENIO, Andrea d'Aloigi d'Assisi, called. - Umbrian painter whose personality still remains not clearly defined; the reconstruction… -
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique
INGRES, JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE. - French painter, b. at Montauban on 29 Aug. 1780, d. at Paris on 14 Jan. 1867. First a pupil of his… -
Intrados (from French intrados) (INTRADOSSO (DAL FRANC. INTRADOS))
INTRADOS (from French intrados). - A technical term in architecture, equivalent to "soffit," denoting the inner, curved surface of arches… -
Inventories Of Art Objects (INVENTARI DEGLI OGGETTI D'ARTE)
INVENTORIES OF ART OBJECTS. - The protection of the artistic heritage is currently the concern of all governments; in the past, the papal… -
ISAIA DA PISA
ISAIA da Pisa. - Sculptor active in Rome and Naples around the middle of the 15th century. In 1447 in Rome he was charged, as the successor…