Pacca, BartolomeoVol. IX, p. 315 PACCA, BARTOLOMEO. — Cardinal, born in Benevento on 25 December 1756, died in Rome on 19 April 1844. Of an ancient patrician family (his father, Orazio, was…
Pacca, TiberioVol. IX, p. 315 PACCA, TIBERIO. — Prelate, born in Benevento on 31 Aug. 1786, died in Naples on 29 June 1837. Nephew of Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca, who was deeply attached to…
Pacelli, Family(PACELLI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IX, p. 319 PACELLI, FAMILY. - Nobles of Acquapendente (1854) and of S. Angelo in Vado (1857). In 1929 Pio XI conferred upon Francesco the title of marquis, and in 1940…
Pacelli, FrancescoVol. IX, p. 319 PACELLI, FRANCESCO. — Jurist, born in Rome on 27 February 1874, to Filippo and Virginia Graziosi, died in Rome on 22 April 1935. Having graduated in civil and…
Pacelli, GiuseppeVol. IX, p. 320 PACELLI, GIUSEPPE. - Priest, b. at Manduria (Taranto) on 31 Dec. 1763, to Pietro and Francesca Paola Viglietta, of a branch of the P. or De Pacelli family; d.…
Pachtler, Georg MichaelVol. IX, p. 320 PACHTLER, GEORG MICHAEL. — Jesuit and educationalist, born at Mergentheim (Württemberg) on 14 September 1825, died at Exaeten (the Netherlands) on 12 August…
Pachymere, Giorgio(PACHIMERE, GIORGIO)Vol. IX, p. 320 PACHIMERE, GIORGIO. – Byzantine historian and philosopher, born at Nicaea in 1242, died at Constantinople ca. 1310. He wrote a history of the Byzantine…
Pacian, Bishop of Barcelona, Saint(PACIANO, VESCOVO DI BARCELLONA, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 320 PACIANO, bishop of BARCELLONA, saint. — The few details known about him are owed to St Jerome (De vir. inl., 106). His testimony is valuable because of his…
Pacifico of Cerano, Blessed(PACIFICO DA CERANO, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 321 PACIFICO da CERANO, blessed. - Franciscan, also called P. da Novara, born at Cerano (Novara) in 1426, died at Sassari on 4 June 1482. He was orphaned at an…
Pacifico of San Severino, Saint(PACIFICO DA SAN SEVERINO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 321 PACIFICO da SAN SEVERINO, saint. - Born at S. Severino (Marche) on 1 March 1653, of the Divini family; died there, in the convent of the Madonna delle Grazie,…
Pacifico, Blessed(PACIFICO, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 321 PACIFICO, Blessed. - A companion of s. Francesco, native of the March of Ancona. He was called the “king of verses”: in secular life he was probably a renowned…
Pacifism(PACIFISMO)Vol. IX, p. 322 PACIFISM. – Pacifism is both a doctrine and a movement. In the first respect, it presents itself as the most open antithesis to militarism, opposing to the…
Pacioli and Giovanni da Firenze(PACIO E GIOVANNI DA FIRENZE)Vol. IX, p. 323 PACIO and GIOVANNI da FIRENZE — Florentine sculptors, recorded as active in Naples in 1343, engaged on the mausoleum of Roberto I d'Angiò il Savio, in the…
Pacioli, LucaVol. IX, p. 323 PACIOLI, LUCA. — Franciscan, mathematician, born at Borgo S. Sepolcro between 1445 and 1450, died in Rome after 1514. He led a very eventful life: while still…
Paciudi, Paolo Maria(PACIAUDI, PAOLO MARIA)Vol. IX, p. 321 PACIAUDI, PAOLO MARIA. — Theatine, scholar, and librarian, born on 13 November 1710 in Turin, died on 2 February 1785 in Parma. He devoted himself to sacred…
Pacomius, Saint(PACOMIO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 324 PACOMIO, saint. — I. LIFE. — Founder of coenobitism, b. in the Upper Thebaid to pagan parents around 290–292. A soldier at Esneh, there he came to know…
Pact of Proof(PROVA, PATTO DI)Vol. X, p. 134 PROVA, PATTO di. — The employment contract presupposes in the worker the existence of the technical capacity necessary for the duties he is to perform. In…
Paderborn, Archdiocese of(PADERBORN, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 327 PADERBORN, ARCHDIOCESE OF. - City and archdiocese in Germany. It has an area of 39,228 sq. km with a population of 9,382,323, of whom 2,345,344 are Catholics,…
Padilla, Juan deVol. IX, p. 328 PADILLA, JUAN de. - Spanish poet, born in Seville in 1468, died probably in 1522. He professed in the native Carthusian monastery of S. Maria de las Cuevas;…
Padroado, PatronatoVol. IX, p. 334 PADROADO, PATRONATO. — The complex of rights and obligations, formally granted and imposed by the pontiffs from the middle of the fifteenth century upon the…
PadroneVol. IX, p. 337 PADRONE: V. OCCUPAZIONE; PROPRIETÀ; SCHIAVITÙ.
Padua, Diocese of(PADOVA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 329 PADOVA, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese of the Veneto, suffragan of the patriarchate of Venice. It has an area of 2,929 sq km and a population of 839,024…
Padéloup (Pasdeloup)(PADELOUP (PASDELOUP))Vol. IX, p. 327 PADELOUP (PASDELOUP). — A family of French bookbinders active between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, of whom at least 12 members operating between…
Paez, PedroVol. IX, p. 350 PAEZ, PEDRO. – Jesuit, missionary, b. at Olmeida (diocese of Toledo), d. at Gorgorà (Ethiopia) on 20 May 1622. He entered the Order in 1582 and was assigned to…
Pafnutius the Great, Saint(PAFNUZIO IL GRANDE, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 350 PAFNUZIO il GRANDE, saint. – Bishop, died ca. 360. The Copts celebrated his memory on 9 February and 1 May. In the Roman Martyrology he is commemorated on 11…
Pagan Classics, Question of the(CLASSICI PAGANI, QUESTIONE DEI)Vol. III, p. 1033 PAGAN CLASSICS, QUESTION OF THE. — This is the question of the appropriateness and legitimacy of the use of pagan classics in Christianity. SUMMARY: I. In the…
PaganaliaVol. IX, p. 351 PAGANALIA. – Festival of the pagi (rural districts) of ancient Rome, mentioned by Varro (paganicae feriae) and by later authors. It cannot appear in the…
Pagani, Giovanni BattistaVol. IX, p. 351 PAGANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Immediate successor of Rosmini (v.) in the leadership of the Istituto della Carità (v.), born at Borgomanero (Novara) on 1 May…
Paganism(PAGANESIMO)Vol. IX, p. 351 PAGANESIMO. — From pagus, village, that is, an agglomeration of farms, whose association constitutes a vicus. Paganalia (v.) were the agricultural festivals…
Paganuzzi, Giovanni BattistaVol. IX, p. 351 PAGANUZZI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. — Lawyer at the Venice bar, Roman count, president of the Opera dei congressi, born in Venice to a noble family in 1841, died…
Pagi, AntonioVol. IX, p. 352 PAGI, ANTONIO. – Friar Minor, born at Rognes (Provence) on 31 March 1624, died at Nice on 5 June 1699. He was elected provincial for France in 1652 and three…
Pagni, Antonio, Venerable(PAGNI, ANTONIO, VENERABILE)Vol. IX, p. 352 PAGNI, ANTONIO, venerable. - A priest distinguished for piety and zeal, b. at Pescia (Lucca) on 21 Dec. 1556, d. there on 26 Jan. 1624. He first practised as a…
Pagnini, Santi (Sante)Vol. IX, p. 353 PAGNINI, SANTI (SANTE). — Distinguished Orientalist and exegete, who was the first translator of the Bible from the original texts after s. Girolamo; b. at…
Pain(DOLORE)Vol. IV, p. 1045 DOLORE: v. ATTRIZIONE; CONTRIZIONE; MALE, problema del; SOFFERENZA. « DOMARE CORDIS IMPETUS, ELISABETH »—Hymn of Matins for the feast of s. Elisabetta di…
Painting(PITTURA)Vol. IX, p. 958 PITTURA. – It may be defined as that complex of subjective and objective requirements and rules which an artist realizes in order to translate onto a surface…
Paisiello, GiovanniVol. IX, p. 353 PAISIELLO, GIOVANNI. - Musician, b. at Taranto on 9 May 1740, d. at Napoli on 5 June 1816. He pursued his first studies in his native city and later completed…
Paisij, Velichkovskij(PAISIJ, VELIČKOVSIJ)Vol. IX, p. 353 PAISIJ, VELIČKOVSKIJ. - Ukrainian monk, b. at Poltava in 1722, d. at Njamez in 1794. Having become a monk, he visited Mount Athos and finally settled at Njamez…
Pakhoi, Diocese of(PAKHOI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 353 PAKHOI, DIOCESE of. — In China, on the farthest coast of the South China Sea, in the civil province of Kwangtung, on the border with Tonkin. It was erected as…
PakistanVol. IX, p. 354 PAKISTAN. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - Federal state established on 15 August 1947, formally associated with the British Commonwealth. It consists of two separate…
PalaVol. IX, p. 356 PALA. – Commonly confused with ancona (v.), a term more properly used to designate compositions in carved wood or glazed terracotta, the term p. serves to…
Palaeologi, Dynasty of the(PALEOLOGI, DINASTIA DEI)Vol. IX, p. 371 PALEOLOGI, DINASTIA dei. — They ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1259 until the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453. The P. family appeared at the court…
Palafox y Mendoza, JuanVol. IX, p. 356 PALAFOX y MENDOZA, JUAN. — Bishop and theologian, b. at Fitero (Navarra) on 24 June 1600, d. at Osma (Spain) on 1 Oct. 1659. After completing his studies at…
PalaiVol. IX, p. 356 PALAI. – Syro-Malabar diocese, erected by the apostolic letters Quo ecclesiarum of 25 July 1950. It was separated from the diocese of Changanacherry and is a…
Palamas and Palamism(PALAMA E PALAMISMO)Vol. IX, p. 356 PALAMA and PALAMISM. — Gregorio P., Byzantine theologian of the 14th century and founder of the new doctrinal tendency known by his name as Palamism, was born…
Palanco, FranciscoVol. IX, p. 357 PALANCO, FRANCISCO. - Theologian of the Order of Minims, b. at Campos Real in 1657, d. at Madrid on 20 Oct. 1720. He was principal lecturer in theology at…
Palatine Catechism(CATECHISMO PALATINO)Vol. III, p. 655 CATECHISMO PALATINO: V. CONFESSIONI DI FEDE.
Palatine Chapels(CAPPELLE PALATINE)Vol. III, p. 430 CAPPELLE PALATINE: v. PALATINE CHIESE e CAPPELLE.
Palatine Chaplain(CAPPELLANO PALATINO)Vol. III, p. 430 CAPPELLANO PALATINO: v. PALATINE CHIESE e CAPPELLE.
Palatine Churches and Chapels(CHIESE E CAPPELLE PALATINE)Vol. III, p. 886 CHIESE E CAPPELLE PALATINE: v. PALATINE, CHIESE E CAPPELLE.
Palatine Churches and Chapels(PALATINE CHIESE E CAPPELLE)Vol. IX, p. 357 PALATINE CHURCHES and CHAPELS. – These are those which, having been intended to meet the religious needs of the Head of a State and his household, or merely…
Palatine Guard of Honor(GUARDIA PALATINA D'ONORE)Vol. VI, p. 720 GUARDIA PALATINA D'ONORE. — This is one of the corps of the Papal armed forces, an expression of the Roman people’s tribute of fidelity to the Supreme Pontiff.…
Palawan, Apostolic Prefecture of(PALAWAN, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. IX, p. 359 PALAWAN, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — Situated in the western part of the Philippine archipelago, it comprises the entire civil province of the same name,…
Palazzolo AcreideVol. IX, p. 359 PALAZZOLO ACREIDE. – Akrai was a colony of Siracusa as early as the 7th century B.C.; it was situated 34 km west of Siracusa, where P. is located today. Four…
Paleario, AonioVol. IX, p. 359 PALEARIO, AONIO. — Heretical humanist (Antonio Paleari or Della Paglia), born at Veroli in 1503 to Matteo and Chiara Jannarilli, died on 3 July 1570. Having…
Palembang, Apostolic Vicariate of(PALEMBANG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 360 PALEMBANG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. – In the southern part of Sumatra (Indonesia). On 30 June 1911 the entire island was detached from the apostolic vicariate…
Palencia, Diocese of(PALENCIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 360 PALENCIA, DIOCESI di. — Diocese of Castile, suffragan of the metropolitan see of Burgos; it is situated in the province of the same name, except for some…
Paleoanthropology (Human Paleontology)(PALEOANTROPOLOGIA (PALEONTOLOGIA UMANA))Vol. IX, p. 361 PALEOANTHROPOLOGY (HUMAN PALEONTOLOGY). — It is the science that studies human skeletal remains found as fossils at prehistoric sites, in the open air or in…
Paleography(PALEOGRAFIA)Vol. IX, p. 362 PALEOGRAPHY. – This term, improperly coined by B. Montfaucon for a treatise on Greek scripts (Palaeographia graeca, Paris 1708) and now established by usage,…
Paleontology(PALEONTOLOGIA)Vol. IX, p. 372 PALEONTOLOGY. — From the Greek παλαιός, “ancient,” δυ, “to be,” and λόγος, “discourse”: it is the science that studies fossils, that is, the remains of animals…
Paleotti, GabrieleVol. IX, p. 376 PALEOTTI, GABRIELE. — Cardinal, born in Bologna on 4 October 1522 to Alessandro and Gentile Volta; he received his doctorate in law on 14 May 1546; canon in…
Palermo, Archdiocese of(PALERMO, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 377 PALERMO, ARCIDIOCESI di. – City and archdiocese of the island of Sicily. It has an area of approximately 1,416 sq km and a population of 707,093, of whom…
Pales and Parilia(PALE E PARILIA)Vol. IX, p. 376 PALE and PARILIA. – The festival Parilia of 21 April already appears in the most ancient Roman festival calendar. According to all the best authorities, this…
Palestine(PALESTINA)Vol. IX, p. 384 PALESTINE. - A region in the Near East on the Mediterranean coast between Phoenicia and Egypt, which was conquered as the "Promised Land" by Israel in the time…
Palestine Exploration QuarterlyVol. IX, p. 393 PALESTINE EXPLORATION QUARTERLY. – Journal of the English association “Palestine Exploration Fund,” founded in London in 1865 to promote the geographical,…
Palestrina, Diocese of(PALESTRINA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 393 PALESTRINA, DIOCESE of. — In Latium, in the province of Rome, it is one of the seven suburbicarian sees occupied by a cardinal of the Order of Bishops. It…
Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi daVol. IX, p. 394 PALESTRINA, GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI da. — Musician, born in Palestrina to Sante Pierluigi and Palma, of uncertain family name; the majority of scholars, on…
Paliano, Cemetery of(PALIANO, CIMITERO DI)Vol. IX, p. 396 PALIANO, CEMETERY of. — An ancient Christian cemetery in the district of S. Quirico, near P., that is, at the 36th mile of the Via Prenestina. In 1914, an…
Palimpsest(PALINSESTO)Vol. IX, p. 396 PALIMPSEST. – A word borrowed from the Greek language, composed of the adverb παλν (= “again”) and the verb φλω (= “to clean, wash away, shave, scrape”), used…
Palingenesis(PALINGENESIA)Vol. IX, p. 396 PALINGENESIA. — The word, from the Greek παλγγενοία, “rebirth,” “renewal,” as a technical term belongs to the philosophy of history (von Arnim, Stoicorum…
Palladini, GiacomoVol. IX, p. 399 PALLADINI, GIACOMO. – Theologian and bishop, b. at Teramo in 1349, d. in Poland in 1417. Archdeacon of Antwerp and, in Rome, secretary for Briefs and at the…
Palladio, AndreaVol. IX, p. 399 PALLADIO, ANDREA. – Andrea di Pietro dalla Gondola, «monaro» (miller), born on 30 November (P. Gualdo) 1508 (as shown by three documents, from 1524, ’28, and…
Palladius, Bishop of Helenopolis(PALLADIO, VESCOVO DI ELENOPOLI)Vol. IX, p. 405 PALLADIO, bishop of ELENOPOLI. - Born in Galatia, he lived as a disciple of Evagrio Pontico in Egypt and Palestine and became bishop of Elenopoli in Bithynia.…
Palladius, First Bishop of the Scots(PALLADIO, PRIMO VESCOVO DEGLI SCOTTI)Vol. IX, p. 405 PALLADIO, first bishop of the SCOTTI. - By the name Scotti (Scoti) are meant both the Celts of Ireland (Gaels) and those of Scotland (ancient Caledonia), as…
Palladius, Heretical Bishop of Ratiaria(PALLADIO, VESCOVO ERETICO DI RATIARIA)Vol. IX, p. 405 PALLADIO, heretical bishop of RATIARIA. - Elected bishop, he initially belonged to the Photinians and was therefore deposed at the Council of Sirmium in 351.…
Pallavicini (Pallavicino), Family(PALLAVICINI (PALLAVICINO), FAMIGLIA)Vol. IX, p. 405 PALLAVICINI (PALLAVICINO), FAMILY. — The first certain information concerns OBERTO, a follower of Henry V, who in 1143 divided among his sons the possessions…
Palliotto (Pallium, Pannus; Antealtare, Frontale, Antependium)(PALIOTTO (PALLIUM, PANNUS; ANTEALTARE, FRONTALE, ANTEPENDIUM))Vol. IX, p. 398 PALIOTTO (pallium, pannus; antealtare, frontale, antependium). — Covering of the altar table, anciently called vestis or pallium, after the 15th century p.…
Pallium(PALLIO)Vol. IX, p. 407 PALLIO. — This is a white woolen band 4–6 cm. wide, distinguished by 6 black silk crosses, wrapped around the shoulders, with its two ends hanging, one over…
Pallotta, AntonioVol. IX, p. 408 PALLOTTA, ANTONIO. - Cardinal, b. at Ferrara on 23 Feb. 1770, d. at Monte Cassiano (Macerata) on 19 July 1834. Having completed his studies at the Seminary of…
Pallotta, Giovanni EvangelistaVol. IX, p. 408 PALLOTTA, GIOVANNI EVANGELISTA. — Cardinal, born in 1548 at Caprarola, died in Rome on 2 August 1620. Having previously served as a member of his household, he…
Pallotta, Maria Assunta, Venerable(PALLOTTA, MARIA ASSUNTA, VENERABILE)Vol. IX, p. 408 PALLOTTA, MARIA ASSUNTA, venerable. – Born at Force (Ascoli Piceno) on 20 August 1878, died at Tung-Eul-Ken on 5 April 1905. After a laborious and devout…
Pallotti, Vincenzo, Blessed(PALLOTTI, VINCENZO, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 408 PALLOTTI, VINCENZO, blessed. — Born in Rome on 21 April 1795, died there on 22 January 1850. Ordained a priest on 16 May 1818, he began his apostolic work in…
Pallottines(PALLOTTINI)Vol. IX, p. 409 PALLOTTINI: v. SOCIETÀ DELL'APOSTOLATO CATTOLICO.
Pallu, FrançoisVol. IX, p. 409 PALLU, FRANÇOIS. — Born at Tours (Indre-et-Loire, France) on 29 August 1626; died at Moyang (Fokien) on 29 October 1684. At a very young age, he was appointed…
Palm Sunday(PALME, DOMENICA DELLE)Vol. IX, p. 411 PALME, DOMENICA delle. — The Sunday preceding Easter has been called, since the time of Isidore of Seville (d. 636), D. delle p. (dies palmarum). Earlier, the…
PalmaVol. IX, p. 409 PALMA. — Martyrs, by their blood, merit from Christ the reward of eternal life and therefore, in the apocalyptic vision, they bear the palm (Apoc., VII, 9).…
Palma the Elder (Giacomo Negretti, called)(PALMA IL VECCHIO (GIACOMO NEGRETTI, DETTO))Vol. IX, p. 410 PALMA il VECCHIO (GIACOMO NEGRETTI, detto). – Painter, b. at Serina around 1480, d. at Venice in 1528. The scarcity of biographical information (he is…
Palma the Younger (Jacopo Negretti)(PALMA IL GIOVANE (JACOPO NEGRETTI))Vol. IX, p. 410 PALMA il GIOVANE (JACOPO NEGRETTI). — Painter, born in Venice in 1544, died there in 1628. Son of the painter Antonio P. and great-nephew of Giacomo P. il…
Palma, BiagioVol. IX, p. 409 PALMA, BIAGIO. — Barnabite spiritual writer, b. at Fara Sabina in 1577 and d. on 13 January 1635 at the Roman College of S. Carlo a' Catinari. Among the…
Palma, Diocese of(PALMA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 409 PALMA, DIOCESI di: v. MAIORCA, DIOCESI di.
PalmasVol. IX, p. 411 PALMAS. - City and prelature nullus in the State of Paraná, Brazil. It has an area of 32,729 sq. km. and a population of 137,630 inhabitants, of whom 126,900…
Palmer, WilliamVol. IX, p. 413 PALMER, WILLIAM. — Anglican theologian, later a convert, born on 12 July 1811 at Mixbury, died on 4 April 1879 in Rome. He studied at Rugby and Oxford and…
Palmerston, Henry John TempleVol. IX, p. 413 PALMERSTON, HENRY JOHN TEMPLE. - English statesman, born 20 Oct. 1784 in London, died 18 Oct. 1865 at Brocket Hall (Hertfordshire). First PALMERSTON, HENRY…
Palmieri, AurelioVol. IX, p. 414 PALMIERI, AURELIO. – Italian Orientalist, born in Savona on 4 May 1870, died in Rome on 18 October 1926. He first belonged to the Order of the Hermits of St.…
Palmieri, DomenicoVol. IX, p. 414 PALMIERI, DOMENICO. – Jesuit, philosopher, and theologian, born at Piacenza on 4 July 1829, died at Rome on 28 May 1909. He taught philosophy, theology, and…
Palmieri, MatteoVol. IX, p. 415 PALMIERI, MATTEO. — Man of letters, born in Florence into a humble family on 13 January 1406, died there on 13 April 1475. He held high offices in the Republic…
Palmyra(PALMIRA)Vol. IX, p. 415 PALMIRA. – An oasis and ancient city in the Syrian desert, an important center on the commercial route that led from the East, through the Persian Gulf and the…
Palos, Diocese of(PALO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 416 PALO, DIOCESI di. – In the Philippine Islands. The apostolic constitution of 28 November 1937 detached the island of Leyte and the adjacent islands from the…
Pamelius (Jacques de Joigny de Pamèle)Vol. IX, p. 416 PAMELIUS (JACQUES DE JOIGNY DE PAMÈLE). — Flemish priest, born in Bruges on 13 May 1536, died in Mons on 17 September 1587. Master of Arts on 27 March 1553, in…
Pamiers, Diocese of(PAMIERS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 417 PAMIERS, DIOCESI of. — City and diocesan capital of Ariège on the right bank of the Ariège River. It has an area of 4,903 sq. km., with a population of 153,134…
Pammachius, Saint(PAMMACHIO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 417 PAMMACHIUS, saint. – Roman senator descended from the Furii, born about the middle of the 4th century and died in 409, during the siege of Rome by Alaric.…
Pamphili, Family(PAMPHILI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IX, p. 418 PAMPHILI, FAMIGLIA. — Originating from Gubbio. In 1461, IACOPO and FRANCESCO obtained from Frederick III the title of counts of the Holy Roman Empire.…
Pamphilus(PANFILO)Vol. IX, p. 425 PANPHILUS. – Author of the work falsely called the Panoplia dogmatica, in which Severus of Antioch and Monophysitism are refuted. The author draws on Leontius…
Pamphilus Cemetery(PANFILO, CIMITERO DI)Vol. IX, p. 425 PANFILO, CEMETERY of. – Situated in that stretch of the Via Salaria Vetere now corresponding to the Via Giovanni Paisiello. The Notitia Ecclesiarum recalls…
Pamphilus, Saint(PANFILO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 424 PANFILO, saint. — Born in Berytus (Phoenicia), a disciple of Pierius of Alexandria, presbyter in Caesarea, he died a martyr on 16 February 369 (Eusebius, De…
Pamplona, Diocese of(PAMPLONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 418 PAMPLONA, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the province of Navarre, in Spain. An ancient tradition makes St. Firminus, disciple of St. Saturninus, bishop of…
Pan (Pán)(PAN (ΠΆΝ))Vol. IX, p. 419 PAN (Πάν). — In Arcadia, where theriomorphism was accentuated, the cult of this deity originated; tradition represents him as the son of Ermes and the nymph…
Pan-Americanism(PANAMERICANISMO)Vol. IX, p. 420 PAN-AMERICANISM. – A term coined toward the end of the last century, on the occasion of the First International Conference of the American States (1889), which…
Pan-Christian Conferences(CONFERENZE PANCRISTIANE)Vol. IV, p. 144 PAN-CHRISTIAN CONFERENCES. — Protestants clearly distinguish three classes of conferences called world, pan-Christian, or pan-Protestant conferences. Those…
Pan-Christian Movement(PANCRISTIANO MOVIMENTO)Vol. IX, p. 424 PANCRISTIANO MOVIMENTO: v. CONFERENZE PANCRISTIANE; ECUMENISMO.
Pan-Germanism(PANGERMANESIMO)Vol. IX, p. 426 PAN-GERMANISM. — This expression, used outside Germany in an essentially polemical sense, generally denotes a movement, both doctrinal and political, tending…
PanamaVol. IX, p. 419 PANAMA. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - The Republic of P., the southernmost of the Central American republics, which broke away from Colombia in 1903, occupies the narrow…
Panama, Archdiocese of(PANAMA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 420 PANAMA, ARCHDIOCESE of. — It has an area of 51,206 sq. km., with a population of 717,430 inhabitants, of whom 675,000 are Catholics; it has 70 parishes served…
Panaretos, Matteo AngeloVol. IX, p. 423 PANARETOS, MATTEO ANGELO. - Byzantine polemicist of the 14th century, of whose life it is known that he was probably born in Rhodes and lived in…
Panathenaea (Panathēnaia)(PANATENEE (GR. ΠΑΝΑΘΉΝΑ))Vol. IX, p. 423 PANATENEE (gr. Παναθήνα). — Among the Athenian festivals, the P. were the most ancient, celebrated in honor of Athena Polias, protectress of the city. The…
Panattieri, Maddalena, Blessed(PANATTIERI, MADDALENA, BEATA)Vol. IX, p. 423 PANATTIERI, MADDALENA, blessed. — Dominican tertiary, born in Trino Vercellese in 1443, died there on 13 October 1503. From childhood she made a vow of…
PanchartaVol. IX, p. 423 PANCHARTA. - The name by which, in the medieval period, the privileges issued by sovereign authority to confirm to churches or monasteries all previous grants…
Pancras, Saint, Martyr(PANCRAZIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 423 PANCRAZIO, saint, martyr. — He is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 12 May, and his tomb is indicated at the second mile of the Via Aurelia. The…
Pandects(PANDETTE)Vol. IX, p. 424 PANDETTE: v. CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS.
Pando, Apostolic Vicariate of(PANDO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 424 PANDO, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - Situated in the northern part of Bolivia, it was erected on 29 Apr. 1942 from territory detached from the apostolic vicariate…
Panebianco, Antonio Maria (secular name: Niccolò), Cardinal(PANEBIANCO, ANTONIO MARIA (AL SECOLO NICCOLÒ), CARDINALE)Vol. IX, p. 424 PANEBIANCO, ANTONIO MARIA (in the world NICCOLÒ), cardinal. - B. at Terranova di Sicilia on 23 Aug. 1808, d. at Rome on 21 Nov. 1885. Having entered the Order…
Panevėžys, Diocese of(PANEVÉZYS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 424 PANEVÉZYS, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in Lithuania, suffragan of the diocese of Kaunas. It has an area of 12,000 sq. km., with a population of 450,000…
Pange Lingua, Glorious(PANGE LINGUA, GLORIOSI)Vol. IX, p. 425 « PANGE LINGUA, GLORIOSI ». - Inno dei Vespri della festa del Corpus Domini, composto da (per cortesia di mon. d. P. Frutas) PANFILO, CIMITERO di - Cinghiale…
Pangkalpinang, Apostolic Vicariate of(PANGKALPINANG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 426 PANGKALPINANG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. – By decree of 8 February 1951, the apostolic prefecture of Banka and Billiton (v.) was elevated to an apostolic…
Panigarola, FrancescoVol. IX, p. 426 PANIGAROLA, FRANCESCO. - Orator and controversialist of the Order of Friars Minor Observant, b. in Milano on 6 Jan. 1548, d. at Asti on 31 May 1594. Of a…
Panizzi, DomenicoVol. IX, p. 427 PANIZZI, DOMENICO. - Journalist and poet, b. at Reggio Emilia on 3 July 1839, d. there on 16 Feb. 1896. Having left his military career in the Austrian army in…
Panlogism(PANLOGISMO)Vol. IX, p. 427 PANLOGISM. - From the Greek πᾶν, all, and λόγος, reason, it is “the doctrine according to which everything that is real is wholly intelligible and can be…
Pannier, EugeneVol. IX, p. 427 PANNIER, EUGENE. – Exegete and Orientalist, born in Amicus in 1854, died in Lille on 13 January 1937. Substitute professor (1893) and then full professor…
PannychisVol. IX, p. 427 PANNYCHIS. — This word may designate various liturgical Offices in the Byzantine rite. 1) Among the Greeks today, the p. is the Divine Office that lasts all…
Panpsychism(PANPSICHISMO)Vol. IX, p. 427 PANPSICHISMO. - It is the doctrine that attributes a soul to all things, including those of inorganic nature (πᾶν, all, ψυχή, soul), insofar as it is observed…
Panslavism(PANSLAVISMO)Vol. IX, p. 427 PANSLAVISM. — The term « p. », in its common meaning, has always signified a plurality of currents and tendencies which, more precisely, should appear under…
Pantaleon, Saint, Martyr(PANTALEONE, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 428 PANTALEONE, saint, martyr. — He is commemorated in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum on 28 July; in the Roman Martyrology and the Greek Synaxaria, on the…
Pantaleoni, DiomedeVol. IX, p. 428 PANTALEONI, DIOMEDE. - Senator, born at Macerata on 21 March 1810, died there on 3 May 1885. A physician of great renown, he also carried on notable political…
Pantaleoni, MaffeoVol. IX, p. 428 PANTALEONI, MAFFEO. — Italian economist, born at Frascati on 2 July 1857, died at Milan on 29 October 1924; professor of political economy at the Universities…
Pantenus(PANTENO)Vol. IX, p. 437 PANTENO. — Eusebio (Hist. eccl., V, 10) relates that, in the time of Commodus, P. was supposedly head of the school for biblical studies in Alexandria and that…
Pantheism(PANTEISMO)Vol. IX, p. 429 PANTHEISM. – A very ancient doctrine, but the introduction and use of the term are relatively recent. As R. Eucken (v.) has noted, J. Toland (v.) was the first…
Panvinio, OnofrioVol. IX, p. 437 PANVINIO, ONOFRIO. — Erudite historian, born in Verona on 23 February 1530, died in Palermo on 27 April 1568. He entered the Hermits of St. Augustine in 1544,…
Panziera, UgoVol. IX, p. 438 PANZIERA, UGO. - Franciscan, writer, born at Prato, year unknown, died in Tartary about 1330. Already a doctor of theology, he entered the Order of Friars…
Panzini, AlfredoVol. IX, p. 438 PANZINI, ALFREDO. — Writer, born at Senigallia on 31 December 1863, died in Rome on 10 April 1939. A pupil of Carducci and Acri at the University of Bologna,…
Panziroli, GuidoVol. IX, p. 438 PANZIROLI, GUIDO. — Jurist, born in Reggio Emilia on 17 April 1523, died in Padua on 17 May 1599. Initiated into the study of law by his father Alberto, he…
Panzuti, BiagioVol. IX, p. 439 PANZUTI, BIAGIO. – Redemptorist theologian, born at Aieta (Cosenza) on 21 October 1773, died at Naples on 8 May 1846. He entered religious life in 1792 and…
Paoking, Apostolic Prefecture of(PAOKING, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. IX, p. 439 PAOKING, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In the south-western part of the civil province of Hunan, in central China. It was erected as an apostolic prefecture on 9…
Paola Romana, Saint(PAOLA ROMANA, SANTA)Vol. IX, p. 439 PAOLA ROMANA, saint. – Born in Rome on 5 May 347 to a Christian patrician family. At about fifteen she married Tossozio, a pagan but tolerant man, by whom she…
Paola, Montaldi, Blessed(MONTALDI, PAOLA, BEATA)Vol. VIII, p. 800 MONTALDI, PAOLA, blessed. - Poor Clare, born at Volta Mantovana in 1443, died on 18 Aug. 1514. As a child she was called “little saint.” At the age of 14, in…
Paoli, Angelo, Venerable(PAOLI, ANGELO, VENERABILE)Vol. IX, p. 439 PAOLI, ANGELO, venerable. - Carmelite, born in Argigliano in 1642, died in Rome in 1720. At the age of eighteen he took the habit at Fivizzano and completed…
Paoli, PasqualeVol. IX, p. 440 PAOLI, PASQUALE. — Corsican patriot, born at La Stretta di Morosaglia on 26 April 1725, died in London on 5 February 1807. At fourteen, after the island revolt…
Paolino Da VeneziaVol. IX, p. 442 PAOLINO da VENEZIA. – Franciscan historian, bishop of Pozzuoli, born in Venice around 1274, died at Pozzuoli in June 1344. To the internal offices of the order…
Paolino Di San BartolomeoVol. IX, p. 442 PAOLINO di SAN BARTOLOMEO. – In the world Filippo Weszdin, a discalced Carmelite, missionary, and Orientalist, born on 25 April 1748 in Hof an der Leitha…
Paolino, Bishop Of Trier, Saint(PAOLINO, VESCOVO DI TREVIRI, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 442 PAOLINO, bishop of TREVIRI, saint. — He is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 31 August. He succeeded Massimino in the see of Treviri in 349. He…
Paolino, Bishop Of York, Saint(PAOLINO, VESCOVO DI YORK, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 445 PAOLINO, bishop of YORK, saint. - He was the apostle of the Saxon heptarchy; the year of his birth is uncertain; he died at Rochester on 10 Oct. 644. From the…
Paolo (Manassei) Da TerniVol. IX, p. 471 PAOLO (MANASSEI) da TERNI. - Capuchin, preacher, missionary in Rhaetia, spiritual writer, b. 21 Feb. 1587, d. in the province of Brescia in May 1620. He…
Paolo da Camerino(CAMERINO, PAOLO DA)Vol. III, p. 275 CAMERINO, PAOLO da. – The first Italian Jesuit in the Foreign Missions. A priest of the diocese of Camerino (from which he took his customary surname, since he…
Paolo UccelloVol. IX, p. 471 PAOLO UCCELLO. — Paolo di Dono, called P. U., born circa 1397 at Pratovecchio (Casentino), died 10 December 1475 at Florence. He was one of the most singular…
Paolo Veneto (Paolo Nicoletti)Vol. IX, p. 472 PAOLO VENETO (PAOLO NICOLETTI). – Philosopher and theologian of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, born in Udine around 1368, died in Venice (according…
Paolo VenezianoVol. IX, p. 472 PAOLO VENEZIANO. - Painter, born at the end of the 13th century, died in Venice between 1358 and 1362. The painting of P., the strongest artist of 14th-century…
Paolo VeroneseVol. IX, p. 475 PAOLO VERONESE. – Painter, born in Verona in 1528 to Gabriele Caliari, a stonecutter of Lombard origin; died in Venice on 9 April 1588. His first teacher was…
Paolucci Di Calboli (Girolamo Da Forlì)Vol. IX, p. 476 PAOLUCCI DI CALBOLI (GIROLAMO DA FORLÌ). Franciscan Capuchin preacher, known as “the Apostle of the Madonna,” was born in Forlì in 1552, entered the Capuchins…
Paoting, Diocese Of(PAOTING, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 476 PAOTING, DIOCESE of. - In northern China, in the central-western part of the province of Hopeh. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate, under the name of…
Papa Bar 'Aggaj(PAPÀ BAR 'AGGAJ)Vol. IX, p. 499 PAPÀ BAR 'AGGAJ. - Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, he occupied the see of the capital of Sassanid Persia in the time of Constantine. The sources attribute…
Papacy(PAPATO)Vol. IX, p. 500 PAPATO. — A synonym for Roman Pontificate, denoting the permanent institution willed by Jesus Christ in the person of St Peter and, through him, in those of…
Papadopoulos Comnenos, Nikolaos(PAPADOPOLOS COMNENOS, NIKOLAOS)Vol. IX, p. 499 PAPADOPOLOS COMNENOS, NIKOLAOS. - Greek theologian and scholar, b. at Chandax on the island of Crete in 1651, d. at Padua on 25 Jan. 1740. He studied at the…
Papadopoulos, Chrysostomos(PAPADOPOULOS, CRISOSTOMO)Vol. IX, p. 499 PAPADOPOULOS, CRISOSTOMO. - Archbishop of Athens, born at Madytos in Thrace on 1 July 1868, died at Athens on 22 Oct. 1938. He pursued ecclesiastical studies…
Papadopoulos-Kerameus, Athanasios(PAPADOPOULOS-KERAMEUS, ATANASIO)Vol. IX, p. 499 PAPADOPOULOS-KERAMEUS, ATANASIO. — Orientalist, born in Dracia, Thessaly, on 26 April 1856, died in St Petersburg on 18 October 1912. Having completed his…
Papal Ante-Chamber(ANTICAMERA PONTIFICIA)Vol. I, p. 867 PONTIFICAL ANTECHAMBER. - The P. A. — or rather, as it is called in the Annuario Pontificio, the Noble Secret Antechamber — comprises all those offices whose…
Papal Cavalcade(CAVALCATA PAPALE)Vol. III, p. 696 PAPAL CAVALCADE. — This was the generic name given to the procession that accompanied the Pope when he moved from his ordinary residence to go to the various…
Papal Ceremoniers(CERIMONIERI PONTIFICI)Vol. III, p. 772 CERIMONIERI PONTIFICI: V. FAMIGLIA PONTIFICIA.
Papal Chapel(CAPPELLA PAPALE)Vol. III, p. 430 CAPPELLA PAPALE. — This name designates those solemn sacred functions—vespers, matins, pontifical Masses, and other sacred ceremonies—which are performed by…
Papal Court(CORTE PONTIFICIA)Vol. IV, p. 394 CORTE PONTIFICIA. – A name introduced in the twelfth century, since previously there had been no distinctions among: C. p., the Court of Rome, the Holy See,…
Papal Diplomacy(DIPLOMAZIA PONTIFICIA)Vol. IV, p. 973 DIPLOMAZIA PONTIFICIA: V. VATICANA DIPLOMAZIA.
Papal Letters(LETTERE PONTIFICIE)Vol. VII, p. 732 PONTIFICAL LETTERS. – A generic term used to indicate any kind of letters issued by the Roman Pontiff as the public person of the Church; the technical…
Papal Registers(REGISTRI PONTIFICI)Vol. X, p. 392 PONTIFICAL REGISTERS. — By r. are meant the books in which the chancery copied, for the record, the letters that it dispatched. The name gesta or regesta had…
Papal Roman Numismatics(NUMISMATICA DI ROMA PAPALE)Vol. VIII, p. 1170 PAPAL ROMAN NUMISMATICS. - Within the framework of the coinage of the Italian peninsula from the fall of the Roman Empire to the present day, the coinage of…
Papal Sediarists(SEDIARI PONTIFICI)Vol. XI, p. 157 SEDIARI PONTIFICI. — They are members of the Pope’s household who serve in the antechamber and transport the Holy Father in the sedia gestatoria on the…
Papal States(STATO PONTIFICIO)Vol. XI, p. 766 PAPAL STATE. — The first nucleus of the P. S. was the Duchy of Rome. The duke, who represented Byzantine supremacy and resided on the Palatine, disappeared…
Papantla, Diocese Of(PAPANTLA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 500 PAPANTLA, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese of Mexico, suffragan of the archdiocese of Vera Cruz. It has an area of 19,559 sq km and a population of 280,000…
Papebroch (Papenbroeck), Daniel VonVol. IX, p. 500 PAPEBROCH (PAPENBROECK), DANIEL von. – Bollandist, born at Antwerp on 17 March 1628, died there on 28 June 1714. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1646 and,…
Paphos (Pafos)(PAFO (ΠΆΦΟΣ, PAPHOS))Vol. IX, p. 351 PAFO (Πάφος, Paphos). - A city of Cyprus, now Baffa, a small port on the western coast of the Island, which, together with the nearby centre of Ktinia, has…
Papia, Diodoro and Claudiano, Saints, Martyrs(PAPIA, DIODORO E CLAUDIANO, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. IX, p. 501 PAPIA, DIODORO and CLAUDIANO, saints, martyrs. — In the Roman Martyrology they are commemorated on 26 February together with St. Nestore, whom they are said to…
Papianus or Lex Romana Burgundionum(PAPIANUS O LEX ROMANA BURGUN-DIORUM)Vol. IX, p. 501 PAPIANUS o LEX ROMANA BURGUN-DIORUM: v. LEGGI ROMANO-BARRARE.
Papias Of Hierapolis(PAPIA DI GERAPOLI)Vol. IX, p. 501 PAPIA of HIERAPOLIS. — Lived around 130; author of a work in 5 books that also bore the title: 5 books of exegesis of the words of the Lord (Eusebius, Hist.…
Papilo, Saint, Martyr(PAPILO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 501 PAPYLUS, saint, martyr: v. CARPUS, PAPYLUS, AGATHONICE, saints.
Papini Tartagni, NiccolòVol. IX, p. 501 PAPINI TARTAGNI, NICCOLÒ. – Historian of the Conventual Friars Minor, b. at S. Giovanni Valdarno in December 1751, d. at Terni on 16 December 1834. He entered…
Papinian (Aemilius Papinianus)(PAPINIANO (AEMILIUS PAPINIANUS))Vol. IX, p. 501 PAPINIANO (Aemilius Papinianus). - Roman jurist, born probably in Syria, died in Rome in 212. He pursued a most brilliant career in the imperial…
Papisco AltercatioVol. IX, p. 504 PAPISCO ALTERCATIO: v. ARISTONE di PELLA.
Papyrology(PAPIROLOGIA)Vol. IX, p. 503 PAPYROLOGY. — This is the science that studies papyri (v.), both from the palaeographical point of view and from that of their content; leaving medieval papyri…
Papyrus(PAPIRO)Vol. IX, p. 502 PAPYRI — Part of the letter of Claudius to the Alexandrians (41 A.D.). London, British Museum, Greek papyri, Papyrus 1912. to Modena; then custodian of the…
Paquet, Louis-Adolphe(PÂQUET, LOUIS-ADOLPHE)Vol. IX, p. 504 PÂQUET, LOUIS-ADOLPHE. - Theologian and canonist, b. at St-Nicolas de Levis (Québec) on 4 Aug. 1859, d. at Québec in 1943. Having obtained his degree in…
Parable (Parabolē from paraballō "to place near, compare, liken")(PARABOLA (ΠΑΡΑΒΟΛΉ DA ΠΑΡΑΒΌΛΛΟΙ «PORRE VICINO, CONFRONTARE, PARAGONARE»))Vol. IX, p. 504 PARABOLA (παραβολή from παραβόλλοι “to place near, to compare, to liken”). — A literary genre not unknown to Greek and Roman authors (cf. ARISTOTLE,…
ParacatùVol. IX, p. 505 PARACATÙ. – City and “nullius” prelature in the State of Minas Geraes, Brazil. It has an area of 70,000 sq. km and a population of approximately 80,000…
Paracelsus (Theophrast Bombast von Hohenheim)(PARACELSO (THEOPHRAST BOMBAST VON HOHENHEIM))Vol. IX, p. 505 PARACELSO (THEOPHRAST BOMBAST VON HOHENHEIM). – Physician, naturalist, theosophist, born at Einsiedeln (Switzerland) on 10 November 1493, died at Salzburg on…
Paraclete(PARACLITO)Vol. IX, p. 506 PARACLETE. - Attribute of the Holy Spirit. It literally means “one who is called near” (παράκλητος, from παρακαλέω = “I call near”), especially in a court of…
Paradise(PARADISO)Vol. IX, p. 506 PARADISE. – In the New Testament, P. is the place of blessedness in heaven, the glorious and resplendent dwelling of God, where the just will enjoy eternal…
Parakou, Apostolic Prefecture of(PARAKOU, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. IX, p. 516 PARAKOU, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - The territory was detached on 13 May 1948 from the apostolic prefecture of Niamey (v.), which was entrusted to the…
Paralipomena(PARALIPOMENI)Vol. IX, p. 516 PARALIPOMENI. — Biblical book, the last of the Hebrew canon (kethubhim); in the Septuagint and the Vulgate it is placed before Esdra and Neemia. Originally it…
Paralogism(PARALOGISMO)Vol. IX, p. 518 PARALOGISMO: V. SOFISMA.
Paralytic(PARALITICO)Vol. IX, p. 517 PARALITICO. - S. Giovanni Evangelista (5, 1-15) narra che Gesù, venuto a Gerusalemme, si fermò in un luogo vicino alla chiesa odierna di S. Anna, dove era una…
ParanoiaVol. IX, p. 518 PARANOIA. — It generically signified madness, mental illness, until Boussier de Sauvages (1768), who was the first to reduce it to the concept of a particular…
Paraná, Archdiocese of(PARANÀ, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 518 PARANÀ, ARCHDIOCESE of. - City and archdiocese of Argentina (South America), capital of the province of Entre Rios, situated on the left bank of the river of…
ParasceveVol. IX, p. 520 PARASCEVE. - Day of preparation for the Sabbath. The Greek term Παρασκευή literally means “preparation.” The Vulgate merely transcribes the term as p., without…
Parasitism(PARASSITISMO)Vol. IX, p. 520 PARASSITISMO. — This designates that form of association between organisms of different species in which one of the two associates (the parasite) lives for a…
Paraskeva (Parasceve), Saint(PARASKIVA (PARASCEVE), SANTA)Vol. IX, p. 520 PARASKIVA (PARASCEVE), saint. — Sister of s. Eutimio, bishop of Madyta, born ca. 1023 at Kallicratia, Epivat, and Mesembria (Thrace) on the Black Sea, died at…
